taxonID	type	description	language	source
636787E985699F50FF2CFF5997DEA377.taxon	description	Neotheronia is a large, predominantly Neotropical genus with 76 species. Four species occur in Africa and the rest are mostly in tropical America. Only two species, N. bicincta and N. septemtrionalis (= nigrolineata), occur in the southeastern USA. Two species, N. bicincta and N. nubecula (Cresson, 1865), occur in Cuba; and N. fuscicornis (Brullé, 1846) is known only from Guadeloupe (The Caribbean). In Central America, 30 species occur in Costa Rica, and N. hastata Krieger, 1905 is known only from Panama. Brazilian species N. kohli Krieger, 1905 was mentioned from Nicaragua in the catalogue by Maes (1989), but this record requires confirmation.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985699F50FF2CFF5997DEA377.taxon	distribution	Twenty four species are found to occur in Mexico, including five undescribed species, and seven are new records for the country. South American species N. cristata is excluded from the Mexican fauna, see explanations in the Remarks section under this species.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985699F50FF2CFF5997DEA377.taxon	biology_ecology	The species of Neotheronia are primary parasitoids of pupae or cocooned prepupae of various Lepidoptera, or secondary parasitoids via Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) or Tachinidae (Diptera) parasitizing primary hosts.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856F9F51FF2CFBF691A3A383.taxon	description	(Figs 20, 21)	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856F9F51FF2CFBF691A3A383.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype female (UAT), Mexico, Tamaulipas, Gómez Farías, Alta Cimas, 900 m, Malaise trap, 2 – 9. ix. 2000, coll. D. R. Kasparyan. Paratypes. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 2 ♀ (UAT) same locality and trap as holotype, 24. iv – 1. v, 31. vii – 7. viii. 1999, coll. S. Hernández A. 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 1. xi. 1990, coll. E. Ruíz C. 1 ♂ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Los Cedros, same trap and collector, 13 – 20. ii. 1999. 2 ♂ (ZISP) Gómez Farías, Los Cedros, 300 m, Malaise trap, 13. iii. 2003, coll. D. R. Kasparyan. 1 ♀ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Canindo, Trampas de agua, 5 – 7. x. 1994, coll. M. Lavin. 1 ♀ (UAT) Cd. Victoria, Cañon Libertad, 400 m, bosque de pino y encino, 12. i. 1988, coll. F. Meza V.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856F9F51FF2CFBF691A3A383.taxon	description	Description. Female. Fore wing length 10.4 mm. Mandible moderately long, weakly tapered, more or less equally bidentate. Clypeus in anterior view 2.6 × as long as wide, in lower half somewhat impressed, with lower margin somewhat concave, without median transverse ridge. Face 1.3 × as broad as long, weakly convex. Lateral ocellus separated from eye by 1.5 × its own maximum diameter. Occipital carina mediodorsally rather strongly dipped (Fig. 20). Occiput with mediodorsal notch (Fig. 20). Pronotum with upper end of epomia strong, half as long as basal mandibular width; lower portion of epomia (that parallel with the anterior margin of the pronotum) distinct. Notauli anteriorly impressed. Subalar prominence rather angularly convex. Epicnemial carina strongly concave above lower corner, with upper end far from anterior margin of mesopleuron. Scutellum, in profile, weakly convex, laterally carinate on anterior 0.2. Submetapleural carina strongly raised, broadened anteriorly. Pleural carina complete, weakly bowed, thin. Propodeum in profile moderately long, abruptly declivous posteriorly; transverse carina near the centre, mediodorsally strong; median longitudinal carinae absent, only discernible as tubercles anteriorly; lateral longitudinal carinae absent in front of transverse carina and present behind transverse carina (Fig. 21). Flange on hind margin of propodeum strongly raised laterally and moderately raised dorsally. Fore wing with areolet moderately large, emitting vein 2 m-cu well distal to centre, with upper corner slightly truncated. Hind leg with outer surface of tibia bearing very fine scattered bristles. Third segment of hind tarsus about 2.5 × as long as broad. Metasoma with first tergite 2.2 × as long as posteriorly broad, lateromedian longitudinal carinae present only anteriorly, but with a slightly angulate ridge extending back to about level of spiracle. First tergite, in profile, dorsally abruptly rounded in basal 0.4. Second tergite with gastroceli moderately large, oval, separated medially by a distance which is somewhat longer than gastroceli broad. Ovipositor straight, subcylindrical, projecting beyond hind margin of subgenital plate by 1.55 × length of hind tibia; apex of lower valve with 7 oblique teeth, apex of upper valve smooth. A generally yellow species with black markings. Head yellow; teeth of mandible black; stripe from lateral ocellus to eye and hind margin of vertex blackish (Fig. 20). Antenna black; scape and pedicel ventrally yellow. Mesosoma yellow. Pronotum with black stripe along hind margin on its upper 0.6. Mesoscutum with three longitudinal blackish stripes. Scutoscutellar groove black. Propodeum with anterior margin narrowly black, and with median subtriangular stripe extending from hind margin of propodeum to transverse carina (Fig. 21). Tegula yellow. Wings slightly infumate; forewing with a vaguely defined brownish spot near distal end of marginal cell. Pterostigma black with small whitish spot basally. Legs yellow; hind tarsus mostly black, yellowish basally. First tergite brownish or black marked subbasally. Tergites 2 and 3 with transverse subproximal black band. Tergites 4 – 7 with transverse median black spot anteriorly. Ovipositor sheath blackish. Male. Similar to female. Variation. Some specimens have areas of black coloration partly reduced or paler, but important diagnostical characters of coloration used in the key and diagnosis are always distinct.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856F9F51FF2CFBF691A3A383.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the locality Alta Cimas where the holotype and several paratype specimens were collected.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856F9F51FF2CFBF691A3A383.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas). Comparison. The new species belongs to the lineata species-group by having a black stripe joining the lateral ocellus to the eye, and a strong median notch in the occiput. It is similar to N. lineata and N. tacubaya, but distinct in having black pterostigma and flagellum, entirely yellow mesopleuron without black markings, and hind tarsus extensively blackish (more or less entirely yellow in two other species). It also differs from N. lineata by the propodeum without lateral and median longitudinal carinae in front of transverse carina, and from N. tacubaya by the propodeum with subtriangular median black mark extending from insertion of metasoma to transverse carina, without a transverse black mark along anterior margin of transverse carina.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856E9F51FF2CFABC9674A138.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USA. Florida: 1 ♀ (FSCA) Alachua Co., Gainesville, Doyle Conner Building, 24. iii. 1989, coll. C. Porter (det. C. Porter). 1 ♂ (FSCA) same data, but 30. v. 1989 (det. C. Porter).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856E9F51FF2CFABC9674A138.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southeastern USA (Georgia, Florida), Cuba, Puerto Rico (Morley 1914: 57; Townes & Townes 1960: 360; Townes & Townes 1966: 31; Gauld 1991: 408).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856E9F51FF2CFABC9674A138.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Reared from cocoons of Tromatobia rufopectus (Cresson) (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) in the egg sac of Argiope aurantia Lucas (Araneidae) in Florida, USA (Townes & Townes 1960).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856E9F53FF2CF8889343A50B.taxon	description	(Figs 22, 23)	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856E9F53FF2CF8889343A50B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype female (UAT), Mexico, Jalisco, 8 km S of Tequila, Volcán de Tequila, 20 ° 50.274 ’ N, 103 ° 51.1 ’ W, 1500 m, 5. ii. 2009, coll. A. I. Khalaim. Paratypes. MEXICO. Sinaloa: 1 ♀ (AEIC) 50 mi NE of Mazatlán, 9. ix. 1970, coll. W. J. Hanson & T. L. Whitworth. Nayarit: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Tepic, 15. ix. 1970, coll. G. E. & R. M. Bohart. Jalisco: 1 ♀ (TAMU) 16 km N of Autlán [de Navarro], 31. vii – 2. viii. 1978, coll. Plitt & Schaffner. 1 ♀ (UANL) [S of] Tequila, Volcán de Tequila, 1850 m, 26. v. 1997, coll. M. Vásquez. 1 ♀ (UANL) Autlán, Puerto loy Mazoy, bosque mesóhlo, 26. iii. 1994, coll. H. Fierrog. 2 ♀, 7 ♂ (UAT) La Huerta, Biological Station Chamela, 600 m, Malaise trap, 15 – 20. vii. 1999, coll. M. A. Sarmiento. 1 ♀ (UAT) same data, but 8 – 13. ix. 1999. 1 ♀, 3 ♂ (3 ♂ in UAT, 1 ♀ in ZISP) same data, but altitude 300 – 400 m, 15 – 20. vii, 14 – 18. viii. 1999. 1 ♂ (UAT) same data, but altitude 1400 m, 8 – 13. ix. 1999. 1 ♂ (ZISP) same data, but 7 – 11. x. 1999. 1 ♀ (UNAM) Biological Station Chamela, 27. viii. 1990. coll. C. Mayorga, A. Cadena & J. Martinez. 1 ♂ (UNAM) Biological Station Chamela, camino Calandria, 19.504496 °, W 105.03770 °, 52 m, 4. ix. 2009, coll. H. Clebsch & A. Zaldívar R. Hidalgo: 1 ♀ (UNAM) Huasca de Ocampo, Rancho Santa Elena, Hueyapan River, 20 ° 06 ’ N, 98 ° 31 ’ W, 2330 – 2535 m, Malaise trap, 22. ix. 2010, coll. A. Contreras et al. Morelos: 1 ♀ (CIUM) Cuautla, 25. i. 1992, coll. J. Flores. 1 ♂ (CIUM) Tepalzingo, El Limón de Cuauchichinola, 18.5476 ° N, 98.93534 ° W, 1358 m, 15. x. 2010, coll. V. H. Toledo. 2 ♀ (UAT) Tepoztlán, 18 ° 59 ’ 51 ” N, 99 ° 05 ’ 55 ” W, 1490 m, 5. iii. 2010, coll. E. Ruíz C. 1 ♀ (ZISP) same data, but coll. A. E. Humala. 1 ♀ (UAT) Cuernavaca University, botanical garden, 1900 m, 2. iii. 2010, coll. A. E. Humala. 1 ♀ (CIUM) Tlaquiltenango, old path to Quetzalapa, Coaxitlán, 18.44792 ° N, 99.21123 ° W, 920 m, 3. vii. 2011, coll. V. Rendon. 1 ♂ (CIUM) 12 km S of Tlaquiltenango, Coaxitlán, 18.45786 ° N, 99.16873 ° W, 795 m, 29. viii. 2011, coll. A. G. Torres. Guerrero: 1 ♀ (UNAM) Cacahuamilpa, 1100 – 1200 m, 28 – 29. vii. 1956, coll. C. Bolivar & D. Pelaez. Puebla: 1 ♀ (CIUM) Chietla, 5. x. 1990, coll. G. Peña. 1 ♀ (CIUM) W of Jolalpan, Rancho El Salado, 18.33449 ° N, 98.96384 ° W, 975 m, 28. vii. 2011, coll. K. Flores. 1 ♂ (CIUM) 7 km SW of Teotlalco, 18.44158 ° N, 98.80902 ° W, 1010 m, 3. ix. 2010, coll. V. H. Toledo. Oaxaca: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (IPN) Cuilapam, Nogal, Malaise trap, 26. iii. 2005, coll. J. M. Maldonado.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856E9F53FF2CF8889343A50B.taxon	description	Description. Female. Fore wing length 9.7 mm. Mandible moderately long, weakly tapered, more or less equally bidentate. Clypeus in anterior view 2.4 × as long as wide, in lower half somewhat impressed, with lower margin very slightly concave, without median transverse ridge. Face 1.35 × as broad as long, weakly convex. Lateral ocellus separated from eye by 1.8 × its own maximum diameter. Occipital carina mediodorsally rather strongly dipped. Occiput with mediodorsal notch. Pronotum with upper end of epomia short and moderately strong, 0.3 × as long as basal mandibular width; lower portion of epomia virtually absent. Notauli anteriorly impressed. Subalar prominence roundly convex. Epicnemial carina weakly concave above lower corner, with upper end far from anterior margin of mesopleuron, reaching to about level of lower corner of pronotum. Scutellum, in profile, weakly convex, laterally carinate on anterior 0.2. Submetapleural carina raised, broadened anteriorly. Pleural carina complete, weak, slightly bowed. Propodeum in profile moderately long, abruptly declivous posteriorly; transverse carina near the centre, mediodorsally rather strong, laterally evanescent; median longitudinal carinae absent, only discernible as tubercles anteriorly; lateral longitudinal carinae absent (Fig. 22). Flange on hind margin of propodeum strongly raised laterally and rather weak dorsally. Fore wing with areolet moderately large, emitting vein 2 m-cu well distal to centre, with upper corner pointed. Hind leg with outer surface of tibia bearing 8 – 10 brownish bristles. Third segment of hind tarsus about 2.3 × as long as broad. Metasoma with first tergite 2.0 × as long as posteriorly broad, lateromedian longitudinal carinae present only anteriorly, but with a slightly angulate ridge extending back to about level of spiracle. First tergite, in profile, dorsally evenly rounded in apical 0.6. Second tergite with gastroceli moderately large, not clearly delineated. Ovipositor straight, subcylindrical, projecting beyond hind margin of subgenital plate by 1.8 × length of hind tibia; apex of lower valve with 6 – 7 distinct oblique teeth, apex of upper valve smooth. A generally yellow species with few blackish and brownish markings. Head yellow; teeth of mandible black; stripe from lateral ocellus to eye blackish, hind margin of vertex weakly brownish. Antenna black; scape and pedicel ventrally yellow. Mesosoma yellow. Pronotum with narrow black stripe along hind margin on its upper half. Mesoscutum with three longitudinal brown stripes. Scutoscutellar groove black. Propodeum with anterior margin very narrowly blackish. Tegula yellow with pale brown mark extero-posteriorly. Wings distinctly infumate with yellow-brown; fore wing somewhat stronger infumate near distal end of marginal cell. Pterostigma pale yellowbrown. Legs yellow; hind tarsus with distal tarsomere blackish (Fig. 23). First tergite more or less brownish marked centrally. Tergites 2 and 3 with transverse subproximal brownish band. Tergite 4 with transverse brownish band anteriorly, tergites 4 + with this band very pale, vanishing. Ovipositor sheath mostly fuscous, yellowish basally. Male. Similar to female, but with lateral longitudinal carinae often partly or completely developed behind transverse carina. Variation. Some specimens have areas of black coloration reduced or pale. Basal flagellomeres of antenna often brownish ventrally. Propodeum sometimes with median longitudinal carinae more or less distinct anteriorly, and lateral longitudinal carinae behind transverse carina complete or partly developed. Groove between propodeum and postscutellum sometimes yellow.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856E9F53FF2CF8889343A50B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the Spanish bonita (beautiful, graceful).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856E9F53FF2CF8889343A50B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, Hidalgo, Morelos, Guerrero, Puebla, Oaxaca). Comparison. The new species belongs to the lineata species-group by having a black stripe joining the lateral ocellus to the eye and a strong median notch in the occiput. Neotheronia bonita sp. nov. differs from N. tacubaya by the mesopleuron entirely yellow, propodeum without transverse black mark along anterior margin of transverse carina, flagellum black, and legs yellow, without brown or black marks on coxae and femora, but with the tarsomere 5 of hind tarsus blackish (Fig. 23). Additionally, in N. bonita sp. nov. propodeum is with median and lateral longitudinal carinae nearly completely absent (Fig. 22), while in N. tacubaya these carinae are partly developed (Fig. 40).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856C9F53FF2CFD3492B6A329.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO. San Luis Potosí: 2 ♀ (UAT) N of Xilitla, Las Pozas, 21 ° 23.684 ’ N, 98 ° 59.566 ’ W, 570 m, 19. xi. 2011, coll. A. I. Khalaim & E. Ruíz C. Veracruz: 1 ♀ (UNAM) Biological Station Los Tuxtlas, 480 m, 2. vi. 1986, coll. A. Ibarra. Oaxaca: 1 ♀ (EMEC) Temascal, 21. x. 1963, coll. K. H. Janzen.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856C9F53FF2CFD3492B6A329.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Oaxaca), El Salvador, Costa Rica. First record from Mexico.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856C9F53FF2CFB1396BDA104.taxon	description	(Fig. 24)	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856C9F53FF2CFB1396BDA104.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO. Veracruz: 1 ♀ (UNAM) San Andrés, Biological Station Los Tuxtlas, 210 m, Malaise trap, 16. vi – 24. vii. 2013, coll. M. Madora. 1 ♂ (UNAM) same data, but 155 m, 17. ix – 15. x. 2013. Yucatán: 1 ♂ (UAT) Corral “ SMSC ”, vii. 1999, coll. Hugo Delfin.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856C9F53FF2CFB1396BDA104.taxon	description	Variation. Specimens from Mexico have first metasomal tergite with lateromedian longitudinal carinae not exceptionally sharp, present only anteriorly and not reaching the level of spiracles.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856C9F53FF2CFB1396BDA104.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz, Yucatán), El Salvador, Costa Rica. First record from Mexico.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856C9F5CFF2CF88E9114A56D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO. Veracruz: 2 ♀ (UAT, ZISP) SW of Xalapa, park near Institute de Ecología, 19 ° 30.768 ’ N, 96 ° 56.349 ’ W, 1260 m, 12 – 14. iv. 2014, coll. A. I. Khalaim. 1 ♂ (ZISP) San Andrés, Biological Station Los Tuxlas, 4 – 8. x. 2014, coll. S. A. Belokobylskij. Chiapas: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Park Lago Belgica, 14. vi. 1990, coll. H. Howden. HONDURAS. 1 ♀ (TAMU) Atlántida, 13 km E of La Ceiba, 150 m, vii. 1996, coll. R. Lehman.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856C9F5CFF2CF88E9114A56D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz, Chiapas, Yucatán), Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama, Costa Rica,? Brazil (Minas Gerais, Paraná). First record from Honduras.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985639F5DFF2CFDDF96B8A027.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO. Nuevo León: 1 ♀ (UAT) 30 km SE of Monterrey, near Santiago, La Cieneguilla, 9. xi. 1987, coll. E. Ruíz C. 1 ♂ (UAT) Allende, 28. i. 1987, coll. M. R. Cantú. 12 ♂ (UAT) Garza García, Chipinque, 22. vii. 1985, coll. E. Ruíz C. & S. Arrambide. 1 ♀, 7 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 8. ix. 1981, coll. E. Ruíz C. Tamaulipas: 2 ♀ (UAT) Cd. Victoria, 3. vi. 1981, coll. E. Ruíz C. 1 ♀ (UAT) 17 km N of Palmillas, Ejido Magdaleno Aguilar, 23 ° 26.995 ’ N, 99 ° 33.440 ’ W, 1450 m, pine forest + juniper, Malaise trap, 12 – 18. vii. 2012, coll. S. Mireles, E. Ruíz C. et al. 1 ♂ (UAT) same data, but 30. viii – 12. ix. 2012. SSW of Cd. Victoria, Rancho Santa Elena, 23 º 37.362 ’ N, 99 º 12.746 ’ W, 970 m, Malaise trap, 2010, coll. E. Ruíz C. & A. I. Khalaim (all in UAT): 25. ix – 13. x (1 ♀), 14 – 27. x (1 ♂), 6 – 24. xi (1 ♂), 25. xi – 15. xii (1 ♂), 16 – 31. xii (1 ♀, 3 ♂), 1 – 18. i. 2011 (1 ♂). 15 km SSW of Cd. Victoria, El Madroño, 23 ° 36.307 ’ N, 99 ° 13.558 ’ W, 1350 – 1450 m, coll. A. I. Khalaim (all in UAT): 26. ii. 2009 (2 ♀), 2. xi. 2011 (2 ♀, 1 ♂). Same locality, coll. E. Ruíz C. et al. (all in UAT): iv. 1984 (1 ♀, 1 ♂), v. 1984 (4 ♀, 2 ♂), vi. 1984 (4 ♀, 2 ♂), vii. 1984 (2 ♀, 2 ♂), viii. 1984 (1 ♀), ix. 1984 (1 ♂), i. 1985 (1 ♀), iii. 1985 (2 ♀), iv. 1985 (5 ♀, 5 ♂), v. 1985 (6 ♀, 11 ♂), vi. 1985 (2 ♀, 4 ♂), vii. 1985 (5 ♂), ix. 1985 (1 ♂), 23. xii. 1987 (1 ♀, 1 ♂), 20. i. 2000, (28 ♀, 6 ♂), 7. ix. 2011 (2 ♀, 2 ♂), 8 – 25. ix. 2011 (1 ♂), 26. ix – 5. x. 2011 (3 ♂), 8 – 25. xi. 2011 (2 ♂), 20. x – 2. xi. 2011 (1 ♂), 1. xii. 2011 (5 ♀). 1 ♀ (UAT) Cd. Victoria, Cañon Novillo, 28. x. 1985, coll. H. Serna T. Same locality, 780 – 1200 m, coll. R. Meza V. (all in UAT): xi. 1987 (1 ♂), xii. 1987 (2 ♀, 2 ♂), i. 1988 (1 ♀, 1 ♂), ii. 1988 (8 ♀, 1 ♂), iii. 1988 (4 ♀, 6 ♂). 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 800 – 900 m, iii – iv. 1988, coll. J. de León. NW of Cd. Victoria, Los Troncones (park), coll. A. I. Khalaim (all in UAT): 27. ii. 2009 (1 ♂), 22. xii. 2009 (2 ♂), 7. x. 2012 (1 ♂), 16. xii. 2012 (3 ♀). Same locality, 770 – 1000 m, coll. R. Meza V. (all in UAT): xii. 1987 (2 ♀), i. 1988 (11 ♀, 2 ♂), ii. 1988 (3 ♀), iii. 1988 (5 ♀, 3 ♂). 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 1000 – 1120 m, iii. 1988, coll. J. de León. 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 24. iii. 1990, coll. M. Aquino S. 4 ♀, 1 ♂ (UAT) Llera, 44 km S of Cd. Victoria, matorral, Malaise trap, 28. x – 25. xi. 2000, coll. D. R. Kasparyan. Gómez Farías, Alta Cimas, Malaise trap, 1999, coll. S. Hernández A. (all in UAT): 24. iv – 29. v (3 ♀, 2 ♂), 29. v – 26. vi (2 ♀, 1 ♂), 17. vii – 28. viii (2 ♀, 4 ♂). Same locality and trap, 900 m, 2000, coll. D. R. Kasparyan (all in UAT): 12 – 19. viii (3 ♂), 2 – 9. ix (1 ♀), 7 – 14. x (1 ♂). 1 ♀, 2 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 1 – 2. xi. 1990, coll. E. & H. Ruíz C. 1 ♂ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Los Cedros, Malaise trap, 16 – 23. i. 1999, coll. S. Hernández A. & C. A. Covarrubias D. 1 ♂ (UAT) Gómez Farías, El Cielo, 2. xi. 1990, coll. H. Ruíz C. 1 ♀ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Canindo, 17. v. 1993, coll. C. A. Covarrubias D. 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality, Malaise trap, 20 – 21. vii. 1994, coll. J. B. Woolley. 1 ♀ (UAT) same locality and collector, 1400 m, 28 – 30. vii. 1993. 2 ♂ (UAT) Ocampo, 21. ii. 1991, coll. E. Ruíz C. 2 ♀ (UAT) Ocampo, Joya de Manantiales, 13. v. 1995, coll. C. Hernández V. & H. Hernández-Martinez. Ocampo, Ejido El Bejuco, 900 m, Malaise trap, 2016, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino et al. (all in UAT): 29. iv – 14. v (2 ♀), 26. vi – 8. vii (1 ♂), 9 – 29. vii (1 ♂), 30. vii – 12. viii (2 ♂), 13 – 26. viii (1 ♂), 27. viii – 10. ix (1 ♂), 29. x – 12. xi (1 ♂), 18. xii. 2016 – 4. i. 2017 (1 ♂). 2 ♂ (UAT) Tula, Ejido Acahuales, 1400 m, oak-forest, Malaise trap, 12 – 25. vi and 30. vii – 12. viii. 2016, coll. E. Ruíz C. et al. 1 ♀ (UAT) Palmillas, El Agucate, 1468 m, Malaise trap, 28. ii – 14. iii. 2016, coll. E. Ruíz C. & J. M. Coronado B. San Luis Potosí: 1 ♀ (AEIC) 24 km “ W. N. ” Morelos, El Naranjo, 9. x. 1962, coll. H. & M. Townes. Nayarit: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Nayarit, near Compostela, 20. v. 1983. Querétaro: 1 ♂ (UAQ) Municipio El Marquéz, Amazcala, 27. v. 2016. Veracruz: 1 ♂ (UNAM) Xalapa, 27. vi. 1976, coll. E. Gonzalez. 5 ♀, 3 ♂ (UAT) SW of Xalapa, park near Institute de Ecología, 19 ° 30.768 ’ N, 96 ° 56.349 ’ W, 1260 m, 17 – 18. ii. 2009, coll. A. I. Khalaim. 32 ♀, 4 ♂ (22 ♀ and 3 ♂ in UAT, 5 ♀ and 1 ♂ in UNAM, 5 ♀ in ZISP) same data, but 12 – 14. iv. 2014. 1 ♀, 3 ♂ (UAT) Xalapa, bosque, 26. x. 1995, coll. R. Herrera & M. Molina. 1 ♀ (EMEC) 10 km N of Coscomatepec, 9. vii. 1974, coll. J. A. Chemsak, E. & J. Linsley & J. Powell. 1 ♂ (EMEC) Río Metlec, Fortín de las Flores, 2. x. 1975, coll. J. Powell & J. A. Chemsak. Morelos: 1 ♀ (ZISP) N of Tepoztlán, path to El Tepozteco, 1800 – 2000 m, 11. x. 2014, coll. A. I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (TAMU) 4.4 mi. E of Cuernavaca, 27 – 29. vii. 1976, coll. Peigler, Gruetzmacher et al. Oaxaca: 3 ♀, 2 ♂ (IPN) Cuilapam, Nogal, Malaise trap, 26. iii. 2005, coll. J. M. Maldonado. 2 ♂ (IPN) same data, but 9. iv. 2005. 1 ♀ (AEIC) 85.5 km SW of Tuxtepec, Metate, 900 m, 17. x. 1962, coll. H. & M. Townes. 1 ♀ (TAMU) 10.8 mi. S of El Punto, 6100 ft. (= 1860 m), 19. vii. 1987, coll. R. Wharton. 1 ♀ (TAMU) 10 mi. SE of [San Pedro] Totolapan, 4000 ft. (= 1220 m). 20. vii. 1987, coll. R. Wharton. Chiapas: 1 ♀ (UAT) Ocosingo, Agua Azul Galeria, 4. iv. 1997, coll. A. Martinez, C. A. Covarrubias D. & S. Niño M. 1 ♀ (EMEC) 5 mi. S of San Carlos, 6. iii. 1953, coll. R. C. Bechtel & E. I. Schlinger. 1 ♀ (EMEC) Puebla Nuevo, 20. iii. 1958, coll. R. C. Bechtel & E. I. Schlinger. 1 ♂ (UAT) 50 km SSE of Comitán, National Park Lagos de Montebello, 16 ° 06.223 ’ N, 91 ° 44.072 ’ W, 1450 m, mixed forest with pines, 5 – 6. iii. 2013, coll. A. I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (AEIC) San Cristóbal [de las Casas], 2200 m, 26. v. 1990, coll. H. & A. Howden, B. Gill. 1 ♂ (TAMU) Parque Nacional Lagunas de Montebello, Laguna Cinco Lagos, 11. viii. 1990, coll. J. C. Schaffner. 1 ♂ (TAMU) Reserva El Triunfo, 6620 ft. (= 2020 m), 14 – 23. vii. 1997, coll. J. B. Woolley. GUATEMALA. 4 ♀ (AEIC) Fraijanes, Finca San Antonio, 1800 m, vi. 1987, coll. Mauger. HONDURAS. 2 ♀, 2 ♂ (AEIC) Cerro Monserrat, 1800 m, 24 – 30. v. 1994, coll. H. & A. Hwden. 1 ♀ (AEIC) Francisco Morazán, 30 km E of Tegucigalpa, Cerro Uyuca, 1800 m, 27. v. 1994, coll. H. & A. Howden. 1 ♂ (FSCA) Francisco Morazán, San Antonio de Oriente, Cerro Uyuca, El Zamorano, cloud forest, Malaise trap, 27. i – 14. ii. 1990, coll. R. Cave. 1 ♀ (FSCA) same data, but 29. v – 4. vi. 1990, coll. R. Cave. 2 ♂ (FSCA) Francisco Morazán, El Zamorano, 850 m, coffee plantation, 4 – 7. xii. 1989, coll. Gupta. 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (FSCA) Francisco Morazán, Cerro Uyuca, El Zamorano, 1800 m, cloud forest, 15. ii. 1985, coll. L. Strange. 1 ♀ (FSCA) same localiy, 1900 m, 15 – 24. iii. 1993, coll. C. Porter & L. Stange. 1 ♂ (FSCA) same data, but 5000 ft. (= 1525 m), 23. iv. 1993, coll. L. Strange & R. Miller. COSTA RICA. 1 ♀ (UAT) San José Prov., Río Agres above San Antonio de Escazú, 1500 m, v. 1988, coll. W. G. Eberhard & I. D. Gauld (det. I. D. Gauld).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985639F5DFF2CFDDF96B8A027.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Krieger (1905: 302) described N. pectoralis Krieger, 1905 as a form of N. lineata Smith from Peru. Type of this taxon is lost, and it was included as a subspecies of N. concolor by Townes (Townes & Townes 1966: 32) and Yu et al. (2016), but actually taxonomical status of N. pectoralis is unclear.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985639F5DFF2CFDDF96B8A027.taxon	description	Variation. Mexican specimens have hind leg with tarsus often widely yellowish basally, sometimes only the apical tarsomere is black while remaining tarsomeres are yellow.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985639F5DFF2CFDDF96B8A027.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Nayarit, Querétaro, Veracruz, Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas), Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil. First record from Honduras.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985639F5DFF2CFDDF96B8A027.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Reared from unidentified coocons of Lepidoptera infested also with Zonopimpla carolinae Gauld (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae), and probably is hyperparasitoid of this pimpline species (Gauld 1991).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985619F5EFF2CFF11905CA549.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Neotheronia cristata was described from South America and later recorded from Mexico by Morley (1914). After that this species was not found neither in Mexico nor in Costa Rica, two countries with pimpline faunas studied very well. Thus, the occurrence of this species in Mexico is apparently incorrect.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985619F5EFF2CFF11905CA549.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Colombia, Peru.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985619F5EFF2CFDF397CAA3B2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) NW of Cd. Victoria, Los Troncones (park), 27. ii. 2009, coll. A. I. Khalaim. Jalisco: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (UAT) La Huerta, Biological Station Chamela, 600 m, Malaise trap, 15 – 20. vii. 1999, coll. M. A. Sarmiento. Veracruz: 2 ♀ (UAT, ZISP) SW of Xalapa, park near Institute de Ecología, 19 ° 30.768 ’ N, 96 ° 56.349 ’ W, 1260 m, 12 – 14. iv. 2014, coll. A. I. Khalaim. COSTA RICA. 1 ♀ (UAT) Guanacaste Prov., Guanacaste National Park, Maritza Biological Station, Volcán Orosí, 560 m, vi. 1988, coll. I. D. Gauld & P. Mitchell (det. I. D. Gauld).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985619F5EFF2CFDF397CAA3B2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, Jalisco, Veracruz), Costa Rica,? Brazil. First record from Mexico.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985619F5EFF2CFDF397CAA3B2.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Reared from Eunica monima modesta (Bates) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) on Bursera simaruba (L.) (Burseraceae) in Costa Rica; fully grown the parasitoid larva spins a loose coarsely woven cocoon within the host pupa (Gauld 1991). Probably parasitize in pupae of Syssphinx molina (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) (Gauld 1991).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985619F5EFF2CFAAC9626A1B3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO. Veracruz: San Andrés, Biological Station Los Tuxtlas, 155 – 250 m, Malaise trap, coll. M. Madora (all in UNAM): 17. ix – 15. x. 2013 (1 ♂), i. 2014 (1 ♂), 3 – 16. iii. 2014 (1 ♀), 1 – 14. v. 2014 (1 ♀). 1 ♀ (ZISP) same locality, 4 – 8. x. 2014, coll. S. A. Belokobylskij. 1 ♂ (UNAM) same locality, 14. ix. 1989, coll. J. L. Colín & H. Hojas.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985619F5EFF2CFAAC9626A1B3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz), Costa Rica,? Brazil. First record from Mexico.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985619F5FFF2CF8C9964FA01B.taxon	description	(Figs 16, 17)	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985619F5FFF2CF8C9964FA01B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype female (TAMU), Mexico, Jalisco, 16 km N of Autlan, 7. vii. 1984, coll. Carroll, Schaffner & Friedlander.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985619F5FFF2CF8C9964FA01B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the NHMUK collection, I have seen two old and badly preserved specimens of Neotheronia from the State of Guerrero which probably belong to N. juanitae (Khalaim pers. comm.): one male from “ Venta de Zopilote, 2800 ft. ” with colour pattern of legs generally similar to that in N. tequila, but with hind trochanters yellow and mid basitarsus yellowish; and one female from “ Amula, 6000 ft. ” with colour pattern of the body similar to that in N. tequila, but with a short ovipositor. These two specimens require additional study and are not included to the type material of N. juanitae.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985619F5FFF2CF8C9964FA01B.taxon	description	Description. Female. Fore wing length about 10.0 mm. Mandible moderately long, weakly tapered, with upper tooth slightly longer than lower tooth. Clypeus in anterior view strongly transverse, 2.3 × as long as wide, with lower half somewhat impressed and lower margin slightly truncate, without median transverse ridge, in profile slightly convex in upper part and concave in lower part. Face 1.1 × as broad as long, convex medially in upper part and deeply impressed medially just below antennal sockets, without distinct lateromedian vertical impressions. Lateral ocellus separated from eye by 1.1 × its own maximum diameter. Occipital carina mediodorsally weakly dipped. Occiput with mediodorsal notch. Pronotum with upper end of epomia almost as long as basal mandibular width; lower portion of epomia (that parallel with the anterior margin of the pronotum) distinct, slightly longer than basal mandibular width. Notauli anteriorly strongly impressed. Subalar prominence roundly convex. Epicnemial carina distinctly concave above lower corner, with upper end distinct, not reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron. Scutellum, in profile, convex, laterally carinate on anterior quarter. Submetapleural carina strongly raised, broadened anteriorly. Pleural carina complete, thin. Propodeum in profile long, weakly declivous posteriorly; transverse carina strong, almost in centre, with dorsolateral parts raised; median longitudinal carinae and lateral longitudinal carinae completely absent. Flange on hind margin of propodeum strongly raised laterally and moderately raised dorsally. Fore wing with areolet moderately large, emitting vein 2 m-cu well distal to centre, with upper corner pointed. Hind leg with outer surface of tibia bearing isolated small brownish bristles. Third segment of hind tarsus almost 3.0 × as long as broad. Metasoma with first tergite 2.5 × as long as posteriorly broad, lateromedian longitudinal carinae present only anteriorly, but with a slightly angulate ridge extending back almost to the level of spiracle. First tergite, in profile, dorsally abruptly rounded in basal third. Metasoma behind first segment rather strongly depressed dorsoventrally. Second tergite with gastroceli large, oval. Ovipositor short and straight, subcylindrical, projecting beyond hind margin of subgenital plate by 0.35 × length of hind tibia, or about as long as apical depth of metasoma; apex of lower valve with about 8 slightly oblique teeth, apex of upper valve smooth. A generally yellow species with black markings. Head yellow; teeth of mandible, spots above antennal sockets, area around ocelli, hind margin of vertex and occiput dorsally brownish black to black. Antenna black; scape and pedicel yellow with dark brown markings dorsally. Mesosoma predominantly yellow. Pronotum with weak transverse black stripe mediodorsally and black vertical stripes on posterior margin. Mesoscutum with median longitudinal stripe, notaular regions anterolaterally and extreme lateral margins above tegula black. Scutoscutellar groove black. Mesopleuron with blackish spot on anterior margin at level of lower corner of pronotum, and black posterior margin ventrally from base of mid coxa to level of episternal scrobe. Anterior margin of propodeum and anterior margin of metapleuron black. Tegula yellow. Wings slightly infumate; fore wing with a black spot near the distal end of the marginal cell. Pterostigma brownish black. Legs predominantly yellow. Mid leg with tarsomeres 1 and 2 brownish yellow, tarsomeres 3 – 5 dark brown. Hind leg with coxa in apical third, femur in apical third and tarsus entirely black. Tergites 1 and 2 black in anterior half and yellow in posterior half; tergite 2 with thyridial regions yellow. Tergites 3 – 6 with large D-shape median black spots anteriorly; posterior halfs yellowish orange in tergites 3 and 4, and yellow in following tergites. Ovipositor sheath pale brown in basal half and black in apical half. Male. Unknown.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985619F5FFF2CF8C9964FA01B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named in honour of our friend and colleague, expert in Braconidae, Juana Maria Coronado Blanco (UAT).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985619F5FFF2CF8C9964FA01B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Jalisco,? Guerrero). Comparison. Morphologically and in colour pattern the new species is similar to N. tequila sp. nov., but distinct in having a very short ovipositor and yellow hind trochanters and tibia.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985679F58FF2CFF1191F9A4F2.taxon	description	(Figs 25, 26)	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985679F58FF2CFF1191F9A4F2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 5 ♀ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Alta Cimas, 1. xi. 1990, coll. E. Ruíz C. 1 ♂ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Canindo, 1400 m, 28 – 30. vii. 1993, coll. J. B. Woolley. 1 ♀ (UAT) Ocampo, Ejido El Bejuco, 900 m, Malaise trap, 5 – 21. i. 2017, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino et al. Veracruz: 4 ♀, 16 ♂ (1 ♀ and 10 ♂ in UAT, 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ in UNAM, 2 ♀ and 4 ♂ in ZISP) SW of Xalapa, park near Institute de Ecología, 19 ° 30.768 ’ N, 96 ° 56.349 ’ W, 1260 m, 12 – 14. iv. 2014, coll. A. I. Khalaim. San Andrés, Biological Station Los Tuxlas, 150 – 250 m, selva alta perennifolia, Malaise trap, coll. M. Madora: 2 ♂ (UNAM) 10. iii – 14. iv. 2013, 3 ♂ (2 ♂ in UNAM, 1 ♂ in ZISP) 14. iv – 13. v. 2013, 1 ♂ (UNAM) 13. v – 16. vi. 2013, 2 ♀ and 5 ♂ (UNAM) 16. vi – 24. vii. 2013, 1 ♂ (ZISP) 24. vii – 16. viii. 2013, 7 ♂ (UNAM) 16. viii – 17. ix. 2013, 1 ♀ (ZISP) 16. iv – 1. v. 2014. Oaxaca: 2 ♂ (AEIC) 85.5 km SW of Tuxtepec, Metate, 900 m, 16 – 19. x. 1962, coll. H. & M. Townes.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985679F58FF2CFF1191F9A4F2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In addition to morphological characters given by Gauld (1991), in Mexico both females and males of N. jugaldei differ well from N. montezuma by the black anterior margin of the propodeum and yellowish or brownish basally hind tarsus (in N. montezuma propodeum is entirely yellow and hind tarsus is black).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985679F58FF2CFF1191F9A4F2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Oaxaca), Costa Rica.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985679F58FF2CFC6491F0A308.taxon	description	(Fig. 1)	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985669F5AFF2CF8B496CEA62A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO. Yucatán: 2 ♂ (UAT) Sudzal Chico “ SMPS ”, ii. 1999, coll. Hugo Delfin.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985669F5AFF2CF8B496CEA62A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Epicnemial carina in males from Mexico is incomplete, with upper end not joining anterior margin of mesopleuron; this carina is more or less complete with upper end reaching the anterior margin of mesopleuron in Costa Rican specimens of N. lizzae, according to the original description.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985669F5AFF2CF8B496CEA62A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Yucatán), El Salvador, Costa Rica. First record from Mexico.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985659F5AFF2CFE149759A477.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO. San Luis Potosí: 1 ♂ (EMEC) 6 mi. N of Tamazunchale, 18. viii. 1959, coll. Ray F. Smith. Chiapas: 1 ♀ (EMEC) 32 km N of Ocozocoautla, on road to Malpaso, 762 m, 6. x. 1974, coll. D. E. & J. A. Breedlove.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985659F5AFF2CFE149759A477.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Chiapas), Costa Rica,? Brazil. First record from Mexico.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985659F5AFF2CFCE99645A0E2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO. Veracruz: San Andrés, Biological Station Los Tuxlas, 150 – 250 m, selva alta perennifolia, Malaise trap, coll. M. Madora: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ (UNAM) 14. iv – 13. v. 2013, 4 ♀ and 3 ♂ (1 ♀ in UAT, 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ in UNAM, 1 ♀ in ZISP) 16. vi – 24. vii. 2013, 3 ♀ (2 ♀ in UNAM, 1 ♀ in ZISP) 24. vii – 16. viii. 2013, 1 ♀ and 5 ♂ (1 ♀ and 4 ♂ in UNAM, 1 ♂ in ZISP) 16. viii – 17. ix. 2013, 3 ♀ and 1 ♂ (2 ♀ and 1 ♂ in UNAM, 1 ♀ in ZISP) 17. ix – 15. x. 2013, 1 ♀ (UAT) 15. x – 16. xi. 2013, 1 ♂ (UNAM) 30. xi – 17. xii. 2013, 1 ♀ (UNAM) i. 2014, 1 ♂ (ZISP) 1 – 14. v. 2014, 1 ♀ (UNAM) 16 – 30. vi. 2014.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985659F5AFF2CFCE99645A0E2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (based on Mexican material). Clypeus with transverse rounded ridge. Occiput with mediodorsal notch. Mandible with upper tooth subequal to lower tooth. Epicnemial carina usually with upper angulation evanescent, but always with a short discontinuous part of the carina visible adjacent to anterior margin of mesopleuron. Propodeum with median and lateral longitudinal carinae well developed in front of transverse carina. Ovipositor straight, slender, projecting beyond apex of subgenital plate by 1.4 × length of hind tibia. Predominantly yellow and orange species. Vertex sometimes with weak brownish mark extending from lateral ocellus to margin of eye. Flagellum black with three or four basal flagellomeres yellowish or brownish. Posterior margin of pronotum in upper half, longitudinal median stripe on mesoscutum, scutoscutellar groove, spot in upper part of mesopleuron (behind subtegular ridge), anterior margin of propodeum and subbasal transverse bands on tergites 2 and following weakly infuscate to black. Propodeum near insertion of metasoma sometimes fuscous. Hind leg orange with only distal tarsomere blackish. Wings distinctly infumate with brown, fore wing with a large apical blackish spot. Ovipositor sheath pale basally and fuscous apially.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985659F5AFF2CFCE99645A0E2.taxon	description	Variation. Most Mexican specimens have fuscous markings on head, mesosoma and metasoma, and wings distinctly infumate with brown, while Costa Rican specimens are orange, without fuscous markings, and with wings more or less hyaline. Nevertheless, morphologically Mexican and Costa Rican material is almost identical, and we consider that this is one species.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985659F5AFF2CFCE99645A0E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz), Costa Rica. First record from Mexico.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985649F5BFF2CF9C39669A1AC.taxon	description	(Figs 2, 37)	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857A9F45FF2CFE5D9376A072.taxon	description	(Figs 27 – 30)	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857A9F45FF2CFE5D9376A072.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) San Carlos, Rincón Murillo, Selva Baja, 20. x. 1995, coll. S. Hernández A. & C. A. Covarrubias D. 1 ♂ (UAT) Llera, 44 km S of Cd. Victoria, matorral, Malaise trap, 21 – 28. x. 2000, coll. D. R. Kasparyan. 1 ♀ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Alta Cimas, 12. x. 1990, coll. S. Varela F. 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality, Malaise trap, 19 – 26. vi. 1999, coll. S. Hernández A. 1 ♀ (UAT) same locality and trap, 900 m, 9 – 16. ix. 2000, coll. D. R. Kasparyan. 1 ♂ (UAT) Cd. Victoria — Soto La Marina, km 68, 11. v. 1985, coll. E. Ruíz C. Ocampo, Ejido El Bejuco, 900 m, Malaise trap, 2016, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino et al. (all in UAT): 17 – 28. iv (1 ♀), 29. iv – 14. v (1 ♀), 9 – 29. vii (1 ♀, 2 ♂), 30. vii – 12. viii (1 ♂). San Luis Potosí: 1 ♀ (FSCA) 12 km S of Valles, Ruta 85, Hotel Covadonga, 27 – 29. vi. 1981, coll. C. Porter & L. A. Stange. 1 ♀ (AEIC) 24 km “ W. N. ” Morelos, El Naranjo, 9. x. 1962, coll. H. & M. Townes, “ HOMOTYPE Theronia montezuma ’ 63 Cr. H. K. Townes ”. Jalisco: 1 ♂ (UNAM) Biological Station Chamela, camino Antiquo, 19.50476 ° N, 105.0367 ° W, 59 m, dry forest, 22. xi. 2009, coll. A. Zaldívar R. Veracruz: 1 ♀ (UAT) SW of Xalapa, park near Institute de Ecología, 19 ° 30.768 ’ N, 96 ° 56.349 ’ W, 1260 m, 17 – 18. ii. 2009, coll. A. I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (ZISP) same data, but 12 – 14. iv. 2014. 1 ♀ (EMEC) Fortin de las Flores, 1010 m, 7 – 12. vii. 1974, coll. J. A. Chemsak, E. & J. Linsley, J. Powell. 1 ♀ (UNAM) Biological Station Los Tuxtlas, 20 – 22. viii. 1988, coll. C. Beautelspocher. 1 ♂ (EMEC) same data, but 1 – 9. vii. 1988, coll. J. A. Chemsak. Morelos: 3 ♀ (UAT), 1 ♂ (CIUM) N of Cuernavaca, Chamilpa, 13. ii. 1991, coll. G. Peña. 1 ♀ (UAT) Tepoztlán, 18 ° 59 ’ 51 ” N, 99 ° 05 ’ 55 ” W, 1490 m, 5. iii. 2010, coll. A. E. Humala. Oaxaca: 1 ♀ (IPN) Cuilapam, Nogal, Malaise trap, 12. iii. 2005, coll. J. M. Maldonado. 1 ♀ (EMEC) Temascal, 19. i. 1964, coll. K. H. Janzen. 1 ♀ (TAMU) 5 mi. S of Candelaria Loxicha, 18 – 19. vii. 1974, coll. Clark, Murray, Ashe & Schaffner. 1 ♀ (TAMU) 2 mi. N of Candelaria Loxicha, 17. vii. 1985, coll. Jones & Schaffner. COSTA RICA. 1 ♀ (UAT) Guanacaste Prov., Santa Rosa National Park, 300 m, iii – v. 1984, coll. I. D. Gauld (det. I. D. Gauld).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857A9F45FF2CFE5D9376A072.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Jalisco, Veracruz, Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Yucatán), El Salvador, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Brazil (Minas Gerais).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857A9F45FF2CFE5D9376A072.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Reared from cocoon of Acharia Hübner (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) in Costa Rica (Gauld et al. 1998). One male from Venezuela probably was reared from Sibene sp. (Limacodidae), a common pest of cultivated palms (Gauld 1991).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857A9F46FF2CF8EF90D9A67F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz), Costa Rica.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985789F40FF2CFC549096A7BE.taxon	description	(Figs 38, 39)	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985789F40FF2CFC549096A7BE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀, 3 ♂ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Alta Cimas, Malaise trap, 12 – 26. vi, 10 – 17. vii. 1999, coll. S. Hernández A. 2 ♀ (UAT) same locality and trap, 900 m, 4 – 12. viii and 21 – 28. x. 2000, coll. D. R. Kasparyan. Ocampo, Ejido El Bejuco, 900 m, Malaise trap, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino et al. (all in UAT): 29. iv – 14. v. 2016 (1 ♀), 28. v – 11. vi. 2016 (3 ♂), 9 – 29. vii. 2016 (1 ♂), 13 – 26. viii. 2016 (1 ♀), 10 – 28. x. 2016 (1 ♂). Llera, 44 km S of Cd. Victoria, matorral, Malaise trap, coll. D. R. Kasparyan (all in UAT): 19 – 26. viii. 2000 (1 ♀), 16 – 23. ix. 2000 (1 ♀), 7 – 14. x. 2000 (1 ♂), 28. x – 25. xi. 2000 (1 ♀, 3 ♂). 1 ♂ (FSCA) 55 km S of Cd. Victoria, 22. vi. 1981, coll. B. Miller & C. Porter. San Luis Potosí: 1 ♀ (UAT) N of Xilitla, Las Pozas, 21 ° 23.684 ’ N, 98 ° 59.566 ’ W, 570 m, 19. xi. 2011, coll. A. I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (FSCA) Ciudad Valles, Hotel Covadonga, 2 – 3. vi. 1977, coll. C. Porter & A. Cerbone. Veracruz: San Andrés, Biological Station Los Tuxlas, 155 – 250 m, selva alta perennifolia, Malaise trap, coll. M. Madora: 1 ♂ (ZISP) 24. vii – 16. viii. 2013, 2 ♀ (UNAM) 17. ix – 15. x. 2013, 1 ♂ (UNAM) 15. x – 16. xi. 2013, 2 ♂ (UNAM) 16. iii – 16. iv. 2014, 1 ♂ (UNAM) 1 – 14. v. 2014. 1 ♀ (FSCA) Fortin de las Flores — Sumidero, planta de la cerveceria, 2500 – 3000 ft. (= 760 – 915 m), Malaise trap, 14. vii. 1968, coll. H. V. Weems, Jr. Morelos: 1 ♂ (UAT) Coatlán del Río, 10. iv. 1991, coll. G. Peña. Yucatán. 1 ♀ (UAT) Sudzal Chico “ SMSP ”, ii. 1999, coll. Hugo Delfin. 1 ♂ (UAT) Corral “ SMSC ”, same date and collector. GUATEMALA. 1 ♀, 2 ♂ (AEIC) Zacapa, 2 km N of Santa Cruz, xi. 1986, coll. M. Sharkey. COSTA RICA. 1 ♀ (UAT) Puntarenas Prov., 26 km W of highway on road to Rincon de la Osa, 100 m, ii. 1990, coll. I. D. Gauld (det. I. D. Gauld).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985789F40FF2CFC549096A7BE.taxon	description	Variation. Mexican specimens have flagellum, in dorsal view, basally and apically extensively black, medially brownish. One male from Alta Cimas (12 – 19. vi) is paler than other Mexican specimens, and has a scutellum entirely yellow, without black marking posteriorly. Hind leg with coxa usually only slightly brownish marked mediodorsally.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985789F40FF2CFC549096A7BE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Morelos, Yucatán), Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Brazil. First record from Guatemala.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857F9F40FF2CFEA0967BA6CD.taxon	description	(Figs 3, 4, 40)	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857E9F43FF2CFC9896C8A383.taxon	description	(Figs 5 – 7, 41 – 44)	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857E9F43FF2CFC9896C8A383.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype female (UAT), Mexico, Jalisco, 8 km S of Tequila, Volcán de Tequila, 20 ° 49.2 ’ N, 103 ° 51.6 ’ W, 1800 – 2000 m, 9. ii. 2009, coll. A. I. Khalaim. Paratypes. MEXICO. Sinaloa: 1 ♂ (AEIC) 50 mi NE of Mazatlán, 9. ix. 1970, coll. W. J. Hanson & T. L. Whitworth. Jalisco: 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (1 ♀ and 1 ♂ in UAT, 1 ♀ in ZISP) same data as holotype. 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality and collector, 20 ° 50.274 ’ N, 103 ° 51.100 ’ W, 1500 m, 5. ii. 2009. 1 ♂ (EMEC) La Floresta, Lago de Chapala, 1510 m, 4. ix. 1977, coll. E. Schlinger. Mexico: 1 ♀ (FSCA) Chalma, 14. vi. 1974, coll. C. Porter & C. 1 ♀ (FSCA) Calmbacher. Ixtapantongo, 19 – 21. vi. 1974, coll. C. Porter & C. Calmbacher. Morelos: 1 ♀ (CIUM) Parque Nacional de el Tepozteco, Tepoztlán, 21. x. 1990, coll. G. Peña. 1 ♂ (ZISP) N of Tepoztlán, path to El Tepozteco, 1800 – 2000 M, 11. x. 2014, coll. A. I. Khalaim. 1 ♂ (CIUM) Tepalcingo, El Limon, 1192 m, 9. xi. 1991, coll. G. Peña. 1 ♂ (ZISP) Yautepec de Zaragoza, 26. ix. 1991, coll. G. Peña. Puebla: 2 ♀ (CIUM, ZISP) Chietla, Atencingo, Campo Nuevo, 11. x. 1990, coll. G. Peña. Guerrero: 1 ♂ (UNAM) “ Rio Cocula, Gro. XII ”. Oaxaca: 1 ♀ (IPN) Cuilapam, Nogal, Malaise trap, 26. iii. 2005, coll. J. M. Maldonado.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857E9F43FF2CFC9896C8A383.taxon	description	Description. Female (Fig. 42). Fore wing length 11.5 mm. Mandible moderately long, evenly and rather weakly tapered, with upper tooth slightly longer and broader than lower tooth (Fig. 41). Clypeus in anterior view strongly transverse, 2.3 × as long as wide, with lower half somewhat impressed and lower margin slightly truncate (Fig. 41), without median transverse ridge, in profile concave. Face 1.25 × as broad as long, weakly convex, with a pair of weak lateromedian vertical impressions. Lateral ocellus separated from eye by 1.5 × its own maximum diameter (Fig. 43). Occipital carina mediodorsally moderately dipped. Occiput with mediodorsal notch. Pronotum with upper end of epomia long and sharp, about as long as basal mandibular width; lower portion of epomia (that parallel with the anterior margin of the pronotum) distinct. Notauli anteriorly strongly impressed. Subalar prominence roundly convex. Epicnemial carina distinctly concave above lower corner, with upper end distinct, not reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron. Scutellum, in profile, convex, laterally carinate on anterior third. Submetapleural carina strongly raised, broadened anteriorly. Pleural carina complete, thin. Propodeum in profile long, abruptly declivous posteriorly; transverse carina strong, a little behind the centre, laterally and mediodorsally quite strongly raised; median longitudinal carinae virtually absent, only discernible as tubercles anteriorly; other propodeal carinae entirely absent (Fig. 44). Flange on hind margin of propodeum strongly raised laterally, moderately raised dorsally. Fore wing with areolet moderately large, emitting vein 2 m-cu well distal to centre, with upper corner distinctly truncated. Hind leg with outer surface of tibia bearing isolated small bristles. Third segment of hind tarsus about 2.4 × as long as broad. Metasoma with first tergite 2.4 × as long as posteriorly broad, lateromedian longitudinal carinae present only anteriorly, but with a slightly angulate ridge extending back almost to the level of spiracle. First tergite, in profile, dorsally abruptly rounded in basal 0.4. Second tergite with gastroceli large, oval, rather clearly delineated, separated medially by a distance which is 1.7 × as long as gastroceli broad. Ovipositor straight, subcylindrical, projecting beyond hind margin of subgenital plate by 1.1 × length of hind tibia; apex of lower valve with 7 oblique teeth, apex of upper valve smooth. A generally yellow species with black markings (Figs 6, 42, 44). Head yellow; teeth of mandible, spots above antennal sockets, area around ocelli and stripe behind anterior ocellus, hind margin of vertex and occiput dorsally black. Antenna black; scape and pedicel yellow ventrally. Mesosoma predominantly yellow. Pronotum with transverse black band dorsally. Mesoscutum with three longitudinal black stripes. Scutoscutellar groove black. Mesopleuron with black area along the anterior margin, upper end of this area turns backwards dorsally and reaching to dorsoposterior corner of mesopleuron, posterior margin black ventrally from base of mid coxa to level of episternal scrobe. Anterior margin of propodeum, anterior and posterior margins of metapleuron narrowly black. Tegula yellow with brownish mark extero-posteriorly. Wings slightly infumate; fore wing with distal margin more darkened, and with a black spot near the distal end of the marginal cell. Pterostigma black with small pale spot basally. Legs yellow, fore claws dark brown to blackish, mid and hind claws black. Mid leg with tibia narrowly infuscate apically, spurs and tarsus entirely black. Hind leg with coxa narrowly banded with black apically, trochanters black, femur black in apical third, tibia narrowly black basally and in apical 0.15, spurs and tarsus entirely black. First tergite black in anterior 0.65. Second tergite with transverse subproximal black band. Tergites 4 – 7 with D-shape median black spot anteriorly. Ovipositor sheath black. Male. Generally similar to female but with wings distinctly darkened with brownish.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857E9F43FF2CFC9896C8A383.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the type locality [Volcán de] Tequila, and a traditional Mexican tipple. Comparison. Neotheronia tequila sp. nov. belongs to the tolteca species-group by having a strong median notch in the occiput, a long epomia, and upper end of epicnemial carina joining the anterior margin of mesopleuron. The new species may be easily distinguished from species of this species group, and also from all other Central American species, by its colour pattern with extensive black markings.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857E9F43FF2CFC9896C8A383.taxon	discussion	Remarks. One female of a closely related undescribed species was examined in the collection of NHMUK (Khalaim pers. comm.). That female has a similar colour pattern and differs from N. tequila sp. nov. only by a very short ovipositor. This specimen is badly preserved and therefore we do not describe this species here (see also Remarks section under N. juanitae sp. nov.).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857E9F43FF2CFC9896C8A383.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Sinaloa, Jalisco, Mexico, Morelos, Puebla, Guerrero, Oaxaca).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857C9F43FF2CFABC92B3A090.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Neotheronia tolteca is probably a synonym of N. nigrolineata (see Gauld 1991: 469 and Gauld et al. 1998: 133). Examined female from Oaxaca differs well from the latter species by its entirely orange-brown body and legs (only hind tarsus infuscate) without any black markings.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857C9F43FF2CFABC92B3A090.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO. Veracruz: San Andrés, Biological Station Los Tuxlas, 150 – 210 m, selva alta perennifolia, Malaise trap, 2013, coll. M. Madora (all in UNAM): 13. v – 16. vi (2 ♂), 24. vii – 16. viii (1 ♂), 17. ix – 15. x (1 ♀). 1 ♂ (ZISP) same locality and trap, 4 – 8. x. 2014, coll. A. I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (ZISP) same locality, date and collector, sweeping. Oaxaca: 1 ♀ (EMEC) Temascal, 23. x. 1963, coll. K. H. Janzen. COSTA RICA. 1 ♀ (UAT) Puntarenas Prov., Golfo Dulce Forest Reserve, 3 km SW of Rincon de la Osa, i – ii. 1990 (?), coll. I. D. Gauld (det. I. D. Gauld).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857C9F43FF2CFABC92B3A090.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca,? Tabasco,? Yucatán), Cuba, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama,? Brazil.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985739F4CFF2CFF11912AA3B8.taxon	description	(Figs 33 – 36) Neotheronia veracruzana Khalaim in Khalaim et al. 2018: 21 [holotype ♀ (UNAM), Mexico, Veracruz, Xalapa, 19 ° 30 ’ N, 96 ° 55 ’ W, 1279 m, Malaise trap, 14 – 25. vii. 2015, coll. M. López-Ortega; ♀].	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985739F4CFF2CFF11912AA3B8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO. Nuevo León: 2 ♀ (FSCA) Cola de Caballo, ca. El Cercado, 15 – 23. vi. 1976, coll. C. Porter. 1 ♂ (UAT) Cola de Caballo, 28. iii. 1981, coll. E. Ruíz C. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) 8 km W of Mainero, 4. iv. 2008, coll. A. I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (UAT) Cd. Victoria, Cañon Libertad, 770 – 880 m, 2. ii. 1988, coll. R. Meza V. 1 ♀ (UAT) same locality and collector, 1000 – 1100 m, 21. ii. 1988. 2 ♂ (UAT) Cd. Victoria, Cañon Novillo, 17. vi, 22. vii. 1985, coll. H. Serna T. 1 ♀ (ZISP) 15 km SSW of Cd. Victoria, El Madroño, 23 ° 36.307 ’ N, 99 ° 13.558 ’ W, 1400 – 1450 m, 2. xi. 2011, coll. A. I. Khalaim. 2 ♀ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Alta Cimas, Malaise trap, 24. vii – 7. viii. 1999, coll. S. Hernández A. 1 ♂ (UAT) Gómez Farías, El Cielo, 1. xi. 1990, coll. H. Ruíz C. 1 ♀ (UAT) Ocampo, Ejido El Bejuco, 900 m, Malaise trap, 26. vi – 8. vii. 2016, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino et al. Comparison. According to its original description (Khalaim et al. 2018), N. veracruzana differs from four other Mexican and Central American species with very short ovipositor which does not project beyond the apex of the metasoma (N. brandtae Gauld, N. charli Gauld, N. lizzae Gauld and N. lloydi Gauld) by its propodeum lacking any longitudinal carinae, with only transverse carina present (Fig. 35). It also differs from N. brandtae and N. lloydi by its first tergite with short lateromedian longitudinal carinae (extending to almost hind margin of the tergite in N. brandtae and N. lloydi) and small gastrocoeli (exceptionally large in N. brandtae and N. lloydi), and from N. charli and N. lizzae by its predominantly yellow body with black markings (orange in N. charli and N. lizzae). In the key to Costa Rican species of Neotheronia (Gauld 1991), N. veracruzana runs to N. lizzae in couplet 30, but may easily be distinguished from this species by characters given above.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985739F4CFF2CFF11912AA3B8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Propodeum with all longitudinal carinae completely absent (Fig. 35). Occiput black marked dorsally (Fig. 33). Mesoscutum with a long central blackish stripe and short lateral blackish stripes anteriorly on notaular impressions (Fig. 34); scutoscutellar groove black; propodeum with anterior margin narrowly blackish (Fig. 35). Metasomal tergite 1 blackish anteriorly, second and following tergites with transverse black subbasal bands (Fig. 36). Female with mesopleuron posteroventrally black marked.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985739F4CFF2CFF11912AA3B8.taxon	description	Variation. In several specimens (mainly poorly preserved and decoloured) black markings are partly weak or completely absent.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985739F4CFF2CFF11912AA3B8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Veracruz).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985739F4DFF2CFA9090CFA4A0.taxon	description	(Figs 18, 19)	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985739F4DFF2CFA9090CFA4A0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype female (EMEC), Mexico, Sinaloa, 8 mi W of El Palmito, 6400 ft. (= 1950 m), 8 – 12. viii. 1972, coll. J. Powel, D. Veirs & C. D. MacNeill. Paratype. MEXICO. Jalisco: 1 ♂ (EMEC) La Floresta, Lago de Chapala, 1510 m, 4. ix. 1977, coll. E. Schlinger.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985739F4DFF2CFA9090CFA4A0.taxon	description	Description. Female. Fore wing length 12.0 mm. Mandible moderately long, weakly tapered, more or less equally bidentate. Clypeus in anterior view 2.6 × as long as wide, with lower margin very slightly concave, with a strong median transverse convex ridge (Fig. 18). Face 1.2 × as broad as long, weakly convex. Lateral ocellus separated from eye by 1.3 × its own maximum diameter. Occipital carina mediodorsally arched. Occiput without mediodorsal notch. Pronotum with upper end of epomia short, about half as long as basal mandibular width; lower portion of epomia distinct, long. Notauli short, only weakly impressed anteriorly. Subalar prominence roundly convex. Epicnemial carina with upper reaching to almost level of lower corner of pronotum, remote from pleural margin. Scutellum, in profile, convex, laterally carinate on extreme anterior end. Submetapleural carina narrow, broadened anteriorly. Pleural carina evanescent, virtually absent. Propodeum in profile moderately long; transverse carina near the centre, slightly raised mediodorsally, laterally distinct; median longitudinal carinae entirely absent; lateral longitudinal carinae absent in front of tharsverse carina and distinct behind it. Pleural carina only present at extreme anterior end, its course discernible as a shallow grove. Flange of hind margin of propodeum just lateral to insertion of metasoma in the form of a low rounded prominence. Fore wing with areolet moderately large, shortly truncated above, emitting vein 2 m-cu far distal to centre. Hind leg with outer surface of tibia without enlarged bristles. Third segment of hind tarsus 1.8 × as long as broad. Metasoma with first tergite 2.1 × as long as posteriorly broad, lateromedian longitudinal carinae present only anteriorly. First tergite in profile dorsally evenly convex, first sternite with a strongy developed medioventral keel anteriorly. Second tergite with gastroceli moderately large, shallow. Ovipositor straight, slender, subcylindrical, projecting beyond hind margin of subgenital plate by 1.4 × length of hind tibia; apex of lower valve with about 8 distinct oblique teeth, apex of upper valve smooth. A generally yellow species with a few blackish and brownish markings. Head yellow; teeth of mandible black; vertex posteromedially very weakly infuscate with brown. Antenna black; scape and pedicel ventrally yellow and dorsally yellow marked; first flagellomere ventrally yellowish. Mesosoma yellow; mesoscutum with three longitudinal brown stripes; scutoscutellar groove and groove between propodeum and postscutellum black; mesopleuron with anterior margin and lower part of hind margin slightly brownish. Tegula yellow. Wings distinctly infumate with brown; fore wing with blackish spot near distal end of marginal cell. Pterostigma brownish black. Legs yellow; mid leg with basitarsus brownish and tarsomeres 2 – 4 dark brown to black; hind leg (Fig. 19) with both trochanters, apical 0.2 of femur, extreme base and apex of tibia, and entire tarsus dark brown to black. First tergite blackish at extreme base. Tergites 2 – 4 with narrow transverse black band basally. Ovipositor sheath black. Male. Similar to female.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985739F4DFF2CFA9090CFA4A0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named in honour of the well-known Mexican entomologist and my friend, expert in molecular taxonomy of Braconidae, Alejandro Zaldívar Riverón (UNAM). Comparison. The new species belongs to the concolor species-complex as it lacks median notch in the occiput and has a strong transverse ridge across the clypeus (Fig. 18). Within this species-complex, N. zaldivari sp. nov. is most similar to N. concolor but differs from this species in colour pattern of hind leg (Fig. 19).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985739F4DFF2CFA9090CFA4A0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Sinaloa, Jalisco).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985729F4DFF2CFB9C97DEA011.taxon	distribution	Nomosphecia is a medium-sized genus with six species in the Neotropical region and 13 species in the Oriental and Australian regions. Four species occur in Central America, two of them are also recorded from Mexico.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985729F4DFF2CFB9C97DEA011.taxon	discussion	In Asia, species of the genus are known to parasitize nests of social vespid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of the genera Eumenes Latreille and Stenogaster Guérin-Méneville (Gupta 1962), and some host records are also from lepidopteran families Lasiocampidae and Lymantriidae. Nothing is known about hosts of the Neotropical species.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985719F4EFF2CFF1191BCA556.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO. Jalisco: 1 ♀ (UAT) La Huerta, Estación Biológica Chamela, 600 m, Malaise trap, 8 – 13. ix. 1999, coll. M. A. Sarmiento.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985719F4EFF2CFF1191BCA556.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Jalisco, Veracruz, Guerrero, Tabasco), Costa Rica.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985719F4EFF2CFD0896E5A282.taxon	description	(Figs 8 – 12, 45 – 48)	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985719F4EFF2CFD0896E5A282.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) Gómez Farías, 20. viii. 2009, coll. J. M. Coronado B. 2 ♀ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Los Cedros, Malaise trap, 27. iii – 3. iv, 10 – 17. vii. 1999, coll. S. Hernández A. 1 ♀ (UAT) same locality and trap, 21. v. 1993, coll. J. M. Coronado B. Same locality, 300 m, coll. D. R. Kasparyan: 1 ♂ (UAT) 5. viii. 2000, 1 ♂ (ZISP) 13. iii. 2003. 1 ♀ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Rancho La Gloria, selva mediana, 13. i. 1995, coll. C. A. Covarrubias D. 1 ♀ (UAT) Cañon La Liberad, 26. viii. 1988, coll. N. Reyes M. Ocampo, Ejido El Bejuco, 900 m, Malaise trap, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino et al. (all in UAT): 9 – 29. vii. 2016 (1 ♀), 30. vii – 12. viii. 2016 (3 ♀), 27. viii – 10. ix. 2016 (1 ♀, 1 ♂). 1 ♂ (FSCA) 80 km S of Cd. Victoria, Ruta 85, ca. La Gloria, 23 – 25. vi. 1981, coll. B. Miller, C. Porter & L. Strange. San Luis Potosí: 1 ♂ (UAT) Aquismón, 11. viii. 2009, coll. J. M. Coronado B. Veracruz: 1 ♂ (UNAM) San Andrés, Biological Station Los Tuxlas, 150 – 210 m, selva alta perennifolia, Malaise trap, 14. iv – 13. v. 2013, coll. M. Madora. 1 ♀ (UNAM) same data, but 16. vi – 24. vii. 2013. COSTA RICA. 1 ♀ (UAT) Guanacaste Prov., Santa Rosa National Park, “ Bosq. Hum- 10 – C ” [humid forest], 1 – 22. vi. 1985, coll. D. Janzen & I. D. Gauld (det. I. D. Gauld).	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985719F4EFF2CFD0896E5A282.taxon	description	Variation. Specimens from northern Mexico usually have flagellum more or less entirely black, not orangebrown ventrally, and blackish markings on body are usually weaker than in material from Costa Rica.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985719F4EFF2CFD0896E5A282.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz), El Salvador, Costa Rica.	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985779F48FF2CFE149627A579.taxon	description	(Figs 13 – 15, 49 – 53)	en	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
