identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9A2E144DDC53560E8C1AD97BF089175A.text	9A2E144DDC53560E8C1AD97BF089175A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stephanitis (Norba) aperta Horvath 1912	<div><p>Stephanitis (Norba) aperta Horvath, 1912</p><p>[Japanese name: Tabu-gunbai] Figs 2B, 4B, 6A, 7B, 9B, 11B, 13B, 15B, 17B, 19B, 21B, 23B, 25B, 27B, 29B, 31B, 34A, B, 40D-G</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) aperta Horváth, 1912: 335. Syntype(s): Japan: Sakuna [= Honshu, Chiba-ken, Sakuna of former Toyofusa-mura in early 20th Century (current Tateyama-shi, Sakuna)]; HNHM. “Sakuna” was considered to be a misspelling of “Satsuma” (Takeya 1931: 77).</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) vitrea Takeya, 1931: 74. Holotype (Fig. 34A): Japan: Yakushima Is., Onoaida-Ambo [= Ryukyu Islands, Yakushima Island, between Onoaida and Anbo]; ELKU. Synonymised with Stephanitis (Norba) exigua Horváth, 1912 by Takeya (1953: 168), with Stephanitis (Norba) aperta Horváth, 1912 by Takeya (1963: 38).</p><p>Stephanitis exigua Horváth, 1912: Takeya (1953: 168) (distribution: part). Misidentification (Takeya 1963: 38).</p><p>References.</p><p>Takeya (1931: 75) (distribution: part); Drake (1948: 54) (checklist: Stephanitis); Takeya (1951b: 13) (checklist: Japan); Drake and Maa (1953: 100) (checklist: Stephanitis); Takeya (1963: 38) (distribution: part); Miyamoto (1964a: 274) (distribution: part); Drake and Ruhoff (1965: 366) (catalog); Lee (1969: 246) (male genitalia); Jing (1981: 349) (monograph); Miyamoto and Yasunaga (1989: 168) (checklist: Japan); Yasunaga et al. (1993: 178) (monograph: part); Péricart and Golub (1996: 58) (catalogue: Palaearctic); Tomokuni et al. (2000: 38) (distribution); Tomokuni (2005: 400) (distribution); Tomokuni (2006a: 350) (distribution); Yamada and Tomokuni (2012: 205) (monograph: part); Yiu and Yip (2012: 83) (distribution); Yano et al. (2013: 25) (distribution); Tomokuni (2014: 362) (distribution); Nozaki et al. (2015: 9) (distribution); Yamada and Ishikawa (2016: 433) (checklist: Japan); Maehara (2017: 146) (distribution); Okochi (2019: 2) (distribution); Souma (2021b: 31) (distribution).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype of Stephanitis (Norba) vitrea Takeya, 1931 (1 ♀, ELKU) (Fig. 34A), JAPAN: Ryukyu Islands (northern part): "Yakushima Onoaida-Ambô” [= Yakushima Island, between Onoaida and Anbo (approximate coordinates: 30°16'08.3"N, 130°36'44.2"E)], 3.viii.1929, leg. H. Hori. The labels shown in Fig. 34A were created after (T. Mita, pers. comm. 2021), but the condition of the specimen matched the photograph of the original description (Takeya 1931). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Therefore</a>, the female individual seems to correspond to the holotype of S. (N.) vitrea . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Suspected</a> syntype of S. (Stephanitis) propinqua Horváth, 1912 (1 ♀, ELHU) (Fig. 34B), JAPAN: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Kyushu</a>: “カゴシマ” [= Kagoshima-ken (approximate coordinates: 31°35'59.5"N, 130°32'59.6"E)], “7/10” [= 10.vii]. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">This</a> specimen was labelled as " Stephanitis gratiosa Horv." (apparently an unpublished name) and “カゴシマグンバイ” (unknown <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Japanese</a> name). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">According</a> to the original description ( Horváth 1912), the syntype (s) of S. (S.) propinqua was (were) deposited in ELHU and this female individual is the only specimen in Matsumura’s collection of ELHU matching the label data of syntype (s) of S. (S.) propinqua . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">However</a>, the morphological characteristics of the specimen match the original description of S. (N.) aperta ( Horváth 1912), but not that of S. (S.) propinqua . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Conversely</a>, the general habitus of S. (S.) propinqua recorded from Korea by previous studies (Takeya 1932, 1963) differs from that of all the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">East Asian</a> species of Stephanitis (present study). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Therefore</a>, if there is no syntype of S. (S.) propinqua in other institutions, then S. (S.) propinqua should be synonymised with S. (N.) aperta and a new name should be given to " S. (S.) propinqua " distributed in Korea. Non-types (534 ♂♂ 777 ♀♀ 16 nymphs), JAPAN: Honshu: Ibaraki-ken, Higashiibaraki-gun, Oarai-machi, Isohama-cho, 12.ix.2020, leg. J. Souma (7 ♂♂ 13 ♀♀ 3 nymphs, TUA); Tochigi Pref., Uchino, Watarase-yusuichi, 26.xi.2016, leg. S. Maehara (4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 2.x.2020 (4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA); Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, Ohto (approximate coordinates: 34°58'19.8"N, 139°52'33.9"E), 22.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, Shimosanagura, 22.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA); Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, Tateyama, 22.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 23.v.2021 (4 ♀♀, ELKU; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ 1 nymph, TUA); Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, Sunozaki, 23.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (11 ♂♂ 32 ♀♀, TUA); Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, Sunozaki Shrine, 23.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA); Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, Masaki, 23.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (7 ♂♂ 14 ♀♀, TUA); Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, Higashinagata, 24.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, Yamogi (approximate coordinates: 34°58'08.7"N, 139°53'34.4"E), 24.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, TUA); Chiba-ken, Minamiboso-shi, Chikura-cho, Minamiasai, 24.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Chiba-ken, Kamogawa-shi, Yomogi, 25.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Tokyo Met., Imperial Palace, 5.vi.1996, leg. A. Saito (7 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, NSMT); as above but 16.x.1996, leg. M. Tomokuni (8 ♂♂ 15 ♀♀, NSMT); 19.xi.1997, leg. M. Tomokuni (9 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, NSMT); as above but 25.v.1998 (2 ♀♀, NSMT); as above but 28.v.1998, leg. M. Tomokuni (4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, NSMT); as above but 16.vii.2009, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♀, NSMT); as above but 28.v.2012, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♀, NSMT); as above but 23.vii.2012, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, NSMT); as above but 10.ix.2012, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♀, NSMT); Tokyo-to, Minato-ku, Shiba-koen, 8.vii.2022, leg. J. Souma (4 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Sagamihara-shi, Minami-ku, Shimomizo, 15.xi.2021, leg. J. Souma (9 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ 3 nymphs, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Sagamihara-shi, Chuo-ku, Tanashioda, 19.v.2019, leg. J. Souma (2 ♀♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Sagamihara-shi, Chuo-ku, Tana, 19.v.2019, leg. J. Souma (22 ♂♂ 16 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 17.xi.2021 (9 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Sagamihara-shi, Midori-ku, Oshima, 17.xi.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀ 1 nymph, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Zama-shi, Iriyanishi, 1.i.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 14 ♀♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Ebina-shi, Kamiimaizumi, 1.i.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Atsugi-shi, Funako, 29.v.2017, leg. J. Souma (37 ♂♂ 41 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 30.v.2017 (32 ♂♂ 30 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 31.v.2017 (4 ♀♀, ELKU; 52 ♂♂ 55 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 2.vi.2017 (6 ♂♂ 16 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 5.vi.2017 (30 ♂♂ 17 ♀♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Atsugi-shi, Nanasawa, 6.vi.2017, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Aiko-gun, Aikawa-machi, Nakatsu, 26.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (3 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 15.xi.2021 (3 ♀♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Yokohama-shi, Isogo-ku, Negishihachiman Shrine, 31.v.1999, leg. M. Takakuwa (1 ♀, KPMNH); Kanagawa-ken, Yokohama-shi, Kanazawa-ku, Noukendaimori, 15.vi.2017, leg. J. Souma (3 ♂♂, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Yokosuka-shi, Kamoi, 27.vi.2017, leg. J. Souma (4 ♀♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Chigasaki-shi, Yanagishima, 1.vi.2019, leg. J. Souma (10 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Hadano-shi, Tsurumaki, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Mt. Azuma</a>, 19.xi.2021, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Hadano-shi, Soya, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Mt. Kobo</a>, 19.xi.2021, leg. J. Souma (4 ♀♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Ashigarashimo-gun, Manazuru-machi, Manazuru, 23.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (11 ♂♂ 30 ♀♀, TUA); Niigata-ken, Niigata-shi, Nishi-ku, Igarashi-2no-cho, 19.vii.2015, leg. K. Nakano (2 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 16.vi.2021, leg. G. Mashima (12 ♂♂ 14 ♀♀, TUA); Niigata-ken, Niigata-shi, Chuo-ku, Sekiya, Nishikaigan Park, 22.x.2016, leg. K. Nakano (4 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀, TUA); Niigata-ken, Niigata-shi, Chuo-ku, Seigoro, Toyanogata Park, 30.x.2016, leg. K. Nakano (1 ♂ 4 ♀♀, TUA); Niigata-ken, Niigata-shi, Higashi-ku, Matsuzono, 21.vii.2019, leg. K. Nakano (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Niigata-ken, Niigata-shi, Nishi-ku, Akatsuka, Sakata, 9.x.2019, leg. K. Nakano (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA); Niigata-ken, Niigata-shi, Kita-ku, Nigorikawa, 7.vi.2020, leg. K. Nakano (5 ♀♀, TUA); Niigata-ken, Niigata-shi, Chuo-ku, Nishifunami-cho, 12.vi.2021, leg. G. Mashima (12 ♂♂ 17 ♀♀, TUA); Niigata-ken, Niigata-shi, Chuo-ku, Bandaijima, 30.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (18 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀, TUA); Shizuoka-ken, Shimoda-shi, Suzaki, Tsumekizaki, 21.vii.2020, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, TUA); Shizuoka-ken, Hamamatsu-shi, Nishi-ku, Kamigaya-cho, 16.vi.2017, leg. J. Souma (15 ♂♂ 33 ♀♀, TUA); Shizuoka-ken, Numazu-shi, Kamikanuki, Higashihongo-cho, 27.xii.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Yamaguchi-ken, Shimonoseki-shi, Mimosusogawa-cho, 16.ix.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, ELKU). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Izu Islands</a> (northern part): Izu-Oshima Island: Okada, Minatono-mieru-oka, 4.vi.2019, leg. Y. Tamadera (19 ♂♂ 37 ♀♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Jogashima Island</a>: 4.vi.2019, leg. J. Souma (11 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Ebisu Island</a>: 21.vii.2020, leg. J. Souma (3 ♂♂, TUA). Shikoku: Ehime Pref., Kashima, 2.vi.1971, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♂ 1 ♀, NSMT); Tosa, Nakagawa, 19.viii.1953, leg. G. Yamamoto (1 ♂, ELKU); Kochi Pref., Cape Ashizuri, 7.vi.1971, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♀, NSMT); Kochi-ken, Kochi-shi, Hitsuzan-cho, 30.vi.2020, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Okinoshima Island</a> (Kochi Prefecture): 11.viii.1951, leg. T. Esaki (1 ♀, ELKU; 1 ♀, KUM). Kyushu: Prov. Buzen, Kokura, 20.xi.1951, leg. A. Yamasaki (1 ♂, KUM); Fukuoka, Tachibanayama, 23.vii.1961, leg. S. Miyamoto (6 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, KUM); as above but 8.ix.1961 (1 ♀, KUM); Fukuoka-ken, Fukuoka-shi, Nishi-ku, Motooka, Kyushu University, 23.v.2020, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, ELKU); Fukuoka-ken, Itoshima-shi, Tomari, 16.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, ELKU); as above but 10.vii.2022 (1 ♀, ELKU); Kumamoto-Pref., Kumamoto-City, Kuwamizuhonmachi, 4.i.2021, leg. K. Goto (2 ♀♀, ELKU); Ôita Pref., Saiki-shi, Yonouzu, Tsurumisaki, 2.vii.2017, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, ELKU); Ôita Pref., Saiki-shi, Kamiura, Niinameura, 19.vii.2020, leg. R. Ito (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, ELKU); Miyazaki Pref., Nichinan-shi, Miyaura, 12.v.2018, leg. R. Ito (1 ♂ 1 ♀, ELKU); Miyazaki Pref., Hyûga-shi, Okuragahama, 1.vi.2019, leg. R. Ito (2 ♀♀, ELKU); Kagoshima, 21.v.1953, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♂ 1 ♀, KUM); Oosumi, Izashiki~Ootomari, 25.v.1953, leg. Yoshida (1 ♂, ELKU); Osumi, Sata, 29.v.1953, leg. Yoshida (1 ♂ 1 ♀, ELKU); Osumi, Sata Cape, 30.v.1953, leg. I. Hiura (4 ♀♀, KUM); Kagoshima-ken, Kagoshima-shi, Shiroyama-cho, 4.vii.2017, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, ELKU); Kagoshima, Minamiosumi-T., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Sugiyama-dani Valley</a>, 31.vii.2017, leg. N. Tsuji (1 ♀, ELKU); Kagoshima Pref., Minamiôsumi-chô, Sata, Hetsuka, 30.v.2020, leg. R. Ito (9 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, ELKU). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Okinoshima Island</a> (Fukuoka Prefecture): 25-28.vii.1958, leg. Hirashima, Murakami &amp; Y. Miyatake (35 ♂♂ 70 ♀♀, ELKU; 1 ♀, KUM). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Tsushima Island</a>: Izuhara-machi, Kitazato, Kamisaka, 27.vii.2022, leg. Y. Uehara (1 ♀, ELKU). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Amakusa Islands</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Shimoshima Island</a>: Tomioka, 12.ix.1931, leg. Hori &amp; Chô (2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, ELKU; 1 ♀, KUM). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Goto Islands</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Fukue Island</a>: 1. ix.1962, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♂ 1 ♀, KUM); as above but leg. S. Miyamoto &amp; Kawarabata (1 ♀, ELKU); Inuyamaze, 2.ix.1962, leg. S. Miyamoto (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, KUM); as above but (1 ♂ 1 ♀, KUM); Arakawa, 3.ix.1962, leg. S. Miyamoto (2 ♀♀, KUM). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Sakura Island</a>: Kurokami-cho, 27.vii.2021, leg. Y. Obae (18 ♂♂ 13 ♀♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Koshiki Islands</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Kamikoshiki Island</a>: Nakano, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Mt. Tomeki</a>, 2.v.2019, leg. N. Kaneko (1 ♂ 4 ♀♀ 1 nymph, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Shimokoshiki Island</a>: Teuchi, 27-29.viii.1960, leg. K. Morimoto (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU); 25.v.1975, leg. Y. Watanabe (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Ryukyu Islands</a> (northern part): <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Tanegashima Island</a>: Nishinoomote, 31.viii.1952, leg. C. Takeya &amp; Y. Hirashima (2 ♂♂, ELKU; 2 ♂♂ 2 nymphs, KUM); Nakatane-cho, Masuda, 10.vii.2021, leg. T. Saeki (1 ♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Yakushima Island</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Onoaida</a>, 26.viii.1952, leg. C. Takeya &amp; Y. Hirashima (3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, ELKU); as above but 27.viii.1952 (8 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀ 1 nymph, ELKU); Miyanoura, 28.viii.1952, leg. C. Takeya &amp; Y. Hirashima (1 ♂ 4 ♀♀, ELKU); as above but 18.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Shiratani-unsuikyô, alt. 300-600 m, 14.vii.2017, leg. R. Ito (1 ♂, ELKU); Kurio, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Koyojigawa For. Rd.</a>, 7.vii.2021, leg. T. Saeki (1 ♂, ELKU); Kurio, 15.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (3 ♂♂, ELKU); Koseda, 17.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, ELKU); as above but 19.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (10 ♂♂ 14 ♀♀, TUA); Funayuki, 17.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, ELKU); Hirauchi, 19.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 4 ♀♀, ELKU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Anbo</a>, 20.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (9 ♂♂ 14 ♀♀, ELKU); Tabugawa, 18.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Nakanoshima Island</a>: 3-13.vi.1953, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♀, ELKU); Okizaki, 5.vii.2017, leg. J. Souma (2 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 6.vii.2017 (1 ♀, TUA); Kusuki, 7.vii.2017, leg. J. Souma (4 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Taira Island</a>: Shûraku, 8-10.x.2016, leg. H. Yoshitake (3 ♀♀, TUA); Higashinohama, 8-10.x.2016, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.969086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89288/lat 34.969086)">Akuseki Island</a>: 24.iv.1971, leg. M. Sakai (2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ 4 nymphs, NSMT); 17.vi.2016, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES); Yudomari, 8.vii.2017, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA). Seven specimens collected from “Ohto” and “Yamogi” adjacent to the type locality “Sakuna” well match the original description of Stephanitis (Norba) aperta ( Horváth 1912). In the present study, the author identified S. (N.) aperta based on these seven individuals . Syntype (s) of S. (N.) aperta exist(s) in the collection of HNHM (D. Rédei, pers. comm. 2021).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) aperta is recognised amongst other species of Stephanitis by a combination of the following characters: head, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface in various shades of brown (Figs 7B, 9B, 11B, 13B, 15B, 17B, 19B, 21B, 23B); calli dark brown; body in male 2.1 times (in female 2.0 times) as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Figs 2B, 4B, 6A); rostrum not reaching metasternum; pronotum unicarinate (Fig. 25B); hood pale, shorter than median carina of pronotum, as wide as vertex at widest part, not covering eye, as high as median carina of pronotum at highest part, with posterior margin not extending to middle of pronotal disc; median carina of pronotum with 2 rows of areolae at highest part; pronotal disc opaque; paranotum less erect, narrowed posteriorly, with 3 rows of areolae at widest part, with anterolateral angle protruding anteriad, with outer margin gently curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height shorter than height of eye (Fig. 27B); apices of hemelytra close to each other in rest; costal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area in male with 2 rows (in female with 3 rows) of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; R+M (radiomedial) vein carinate; pygophore elevated at centre of venter, with posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part (Fig. 29B); and paramere stout, weakly curved inwards at apex, with outer margin not sinuate in middle part, inner margin nearly straight in basal part (Fig. 31B).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Amongst the Japanese species of Stephanitis, S. (Norba) aperta is similar to S. (N.) exigua in general habitus, but it is easily distinguished by the following characters: calli dark brown (light brown in S. (N.) exigua) (Figs 7B, C, 9B, C, 11B, C, 13B, C); pronotal disc opaque (lustrous in S. (N.) exigua); paranotum with 3 rows of areolae at widest part (2 rows in S. (N.) exigua), with anterolateral angle protruding anteriad (slightly protruding in S. (N.) exigua); and subcostal area of hemelytron in female with 3 rows of areolae at widest part (2 rows in S. (N.) exigua) (Figs 15B, C, 17B, C). The place name “Sakuna” was considered to be a misspelling of “Satsuma” [= Kyushu, Kagoshima-ken, former Satsuma-gun in the early 20th century (current Satsumasendai-shi and Satsuma-cho)] by Takeya (1931). However, the former is the name of an actual place in Honshu. The present author confirms the occurrence of S. (N.) aperta in “Ohto” and “Yamogi”, adjacent to “Sakuna” (see material examined). Therefore, “Sakuna” seems to correspond to the type locality of S. (N.) aperta .</p><p>Teratological form.</p><p>The segmental oligomery of the antenna was confirmed in Stephanitis (Norba) aperta, and one examined specimen lacks the left antennal segment IV (Fig. 6A), as reported in many tingids ( Štusák and Stehlík 1978; Souma 2020b, 2020d, 2020e). Additionally, the right paranotum of this teratological individual is shorter than that of its normal left side, with two rows of areolae at the widest part (three rows on the left side).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Japan (Honshu; Izu Islands (northern part): Izu-Oshima Island; Jogashima Island; Ebisu Island; Shikoku; Okinoshima Island (Kochi Prefecture); Kyushu; Okinoshima Island (Fukuoka Prefecture); Tsushima Island; Amakusa Islands: Shimoshima Island; Goto Islands: Fukue Island; Sakura Island; Koshiki Islands: Kamikoshiki Island, Shimokoshiki Island; Ryukyu Islands (northern part): Tanegashima Island, Yakushima Island, Nakanoshima Island, Taira Island, Akuseki Island) (Fig. 45) ( Horváth 1912; Takeya 1931, 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Yamada and Ishikawa 2016; present study). Previous records from China in the 20th century (Drake and Ruhoff 1965; Jing 1981) do not list the examined specimens and appear to be erroneous. Judging from the photographs, a recent record from Hong Kong (Yiu and Yip 2012) corresponds to another species, as the pronotum has lateral carina. Therefore, the presence of S. (N.) aperta in China remains unconfirmed. The previous record from the central part of the Ryukyu Islands (Miyamoto 1964b; Azuma and Kinjo 1987; Hayashi 2002) corresponds to Stephanitis (Norba) exigua, S. (N.) hayashii sp. nov. or S. (N.) hiurai . The previous records from the southern part of the Ryukyu Islands and northern Taiwan (Takeya 1963; Miyamoto 1964a; Azuma and Kinjo 1987; Hayashi 2002) correspond to S. (N.) ishikawai sp. nov., described below. Hundreds of specimens from the central and southern parts of the Ryukyu Islands possessing the unicarinate pronotum were examined, but all of them belong to S. (N.) exigua, S. (N.) hayashii sp. nov., S. (N.) hiurai or S. (N.) ishikawai sp. nov. Therefore, S. (N.) aperta is probably not distributed in the central and southern parts of Ryukyu Islands. Stephanitis (Norba) aperta inhabits the laurilignosa in a temperate climate of Japan proper (Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu) and its surrounding islands and the northern part of the Izu and Ryukyu Islands, which is in the Palaearctic Region.</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl, “Kusunoki” ( Lauraceae) (Fig. 43D) (Takeya 1963; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; present study); Neolitsea sericea (Blume) Koidz., “Shirodamo” (Fig. 43C) (present study); Machilus thunbergii Siebold et Zucc., “Tabunoki” ( Lauraceae) (Fig. 43B) (Takeya 1963; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Okochi 2019; present study). Stephanitis (Norba) aperta feeds only on lauraceous trees and is oligophagous. This lace bug was also collected from Symplocos glauca (Thunb.) Koidz., “Mimizubai” ( Symplocaceae), without any data on its development (Takeya 1963; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012). This lace bug sometimes occurs on plantings of C. camphora and M. thunbergii in its distribution range (present study), suggesting that it can become a pest of both lauraceous trees.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) aperta feeds on the abaxial surface of leaves of the three known host plants (present study). Adults were collected in almost all seasons (Takeya 1931, 1953; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Yano et al. 2013; present study); nymphs were collected in April, May, August, September and November (present study); the overwintering stage is represented by the adult (present study).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A2E144DDC53560E8C1AD97BF089175A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Souma, Jun	Souma, Jun (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the Lauraceae - feeding species of the genus Stephanitis (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Japan. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69 (2): 219-281, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864
75671D62D1035B35AACF1E13DE5DC8EF.text	75671D62D1035B35AACF1E13DE5DC8EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stephanitis (Norba) exigua Horvath 1912	<div><p>Stephanitis (Norba) exigua Horvath, 1912</p><p>[Japanese name: Himetabu-gunbai] Figs 2C, 4C, 7C, 9C, 11C, 13C, 15C, 17C, 19C, 21C, 23C, 25C, 27C, 29C, 31C, 35, 40H, I</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) exigua Horváth, 1912: 336. Syntype(s) (Fig. 34C): Japan: Okinawa [= Ryukyu Islands, Okinawa-ken (an administrative area including a number of islands) or Okinawa Island (an island)] and Tateyama [= Honshu, Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, former Tateyama-machi in early 20th century (current Tateyama, Kamisanagura and Shimosanagura)]; ELHU and HNHM.</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) aperta Horváth, 1912: Azuma and Kinjo (1987: 34) (distribution). Misidentification.</p><p>References.</p><p>Drake (1937: 594) (distribution); Drake (1948: 55) (checklist: Stephanitis); Takeya (1951b: 13) (checklist: Japan); Drake and Maa (1953: 100) (checklist: Stephanitis); Takeya (1953: 168) (distribution: part); Takeya (1963: 38) (distribution: part); Drake and Ruhoff (1965: 367) (catalog); Miyamoto (1964a: 274) (distribution: part); Miyamoto (1964b: 524) (distribution: part); Lee (1969: 246) (male genitalia); Jing (1981: 348) (monograph); Miyamoto and Yasunaga (1989: 168) (checklist: Japan); Tomokuni (1994: 843) (type material); Péricart and Golub (1996: 58) (catalogue: Palaearctic; Yamada and Tomokuni (2012: 204) (monograph: part); Yamada and Ishikawa (2016: 433) (checklist: Japan); Nakatani (2021: 78) (distribution).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Syntype (1 ♀, ELHU) (Fig. 34C), JAPAN: Honshu: “タテヤマ” [= Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, former Tateyama-machi in early 20th century (current Tateyama, Kamisanagura and Shimosanagura; approximate coordinates: 34°58'50.9"N, 139°51'27.1"E)], 11/VIII 1905 [= 11.viii.1905], “Matsumra” [sic; = collected by Shonen Matsumura and/or deposited in Matsumura’s collection]. As pointed out in a previous study (Tomokuni 1994), this single female syntype corresponds to Stephanitis (Stephanitis) pyrioides (Scott, 1874) and does not match the original description of S. (Norba) exigua ( Horváth 1912). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Therefore</a>, if the remaining syntypes are present in ELHU and/or HNHM, a lectotype should be designated. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Nevertheless</a>, the former curator of HNHM does not know if the syntype of S. (N.) exigua exists in the collection (D. Rédei, pers. comm. 2021). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Suspected</a> syntypes (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ 1 nymph, ELHU) (Fig. 35), JAPAN: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Ryukyu Islands</a>: “Okinawa” [= Okinawa-ken (a prefecture including a number of islands) or Okinawa Island (an island)], "6 29". <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">These</a> four individuals were labelled with inscriptions of " Stephanitis yaeyamae " (unpublished name) and “Matsum” (collected by Shonen Matsumura and/or deposited in Matsumura’s collection). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">The</a> species epithet of the unpublished name seems to refer to the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Yaeyama Islands</a>, the southern part of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Ryukyu Islands</a>, but this morphological species is only distributed in the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Daito Islands</a> and the central part of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Ryukyu Islands</a>. The morphological characteristics and locality data of three adult specimens match the original description of S. (N.) exigua ( Horváth 1912). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">However</a>, the collector data of the four specimens are unclear and syntype (s) from “Okinawa” was (were) collected by “Kuroiwa” ( Horváth 1912). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Therefore</a>, these three adults could correspond to syntypes of S. (N.) exigua . In the present study, the author identified S. (N.) exigua based on three adult individuals. Non-types (106 ♂♂ 189 ♀♀ 7 nymphs), JAPAN: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Ryukyu Islands</a> (central part): Okinawa Island: 10.viii.1957, leg. T. Takara (1 ♀, NSMT); Kin, 14.vi.1958, leg. T. Takara (2 ♀♀, NSMT); Osato, 8.xi.1960, leg. K. Yasumatsu (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, ELKU; 3 ♀♀, KUM); Yona, 14.xi.1960, leg. K. Yasumatsu (1 ♂, KUM); as above but 19.xi.1963, leg. H. Hasegawa (1 ♀, KUM); as above but 24.iii.1964, leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♀, KUM); as above but 23.xi.1985, leg. M. Hayashi (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA); as above but 28.vi.1984, leg. M. Tomokuni (2 ♀♀, NSMT); Shuri, 2.vi.1961, leg. O. Nakoshi (1 ♂, KUM); Nago, 22.x.1963, leg. S. Uéno (1 ♂, KUM); Tamagusuku, 17.xi.1963, leg. H. Hasegawa (1 ♀, KUM); Kudeken, 20.iii.1964, leg. Y. Miyatake (2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, KUM); Izumi, 22.iii.1964, leg. T. Shirozu (9 ♂♂ 24 ♀♀, KUM); Izumi-Gogayama, 22.iii.1964, leg. S. Kimoto (1 ♂, KUM); as above but leg. Y. Miyatake (3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, KUM); Shoshi, 23.iii.1964, leg. S. Kimoto (1 ♂ 1 ♀, KUM); Nago, 23.iii.1964, leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, KUM); Hiji-Yonahadake, 25.iii.1964, leg. T. Shirozu (2 ♀♀, KUM); Hiji-gawa, 26.iii.1964, leg. T. Shirozu (1 ♀, KUM); Chinen, Sefa utaki, 17.ii.1973, leg. H. Hasegawa (1 ♀, NIAES); Yona, 21.ii.1973, leg. H. Hasegawa (1 ♀, NIAES); Kunigami-son, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Mt. Yonahadake</a>, 29.vi.1984, leg. M. Tomokuni (3 ♀♀, NSMT); Hanejiokawa, 14.xi.1985, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA); Kunigami, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Mt. Nishime</a>, 19.x.1987, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♀, NSMT); Kunigami, Hama, 20.x.1987, leg. M. Sakai (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, NSMT); Kunigami, Ooguni-rindo, 8 km from Yona, alt. 300 m, 21.x.1987, leg. M. Tomokuni (3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, NSMT); Kunigami, Hiji-Hiji Fall, 22.x.1987, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♂, NSMT); Kudeken, Seifa-utaki, 8.x.1988, leg. M. Sakai (1 ♂ 1 ♀, NSMT); Kunigamison, 10-11.x.1988, leg. K. Konishi (1 ♀, NIAES); Nago City, 12.x.1988, leg. K. Konishi (1 ♀, NIAES); Nakijin, Uebaru, 23.x.1990, leg. M. Hayashi et al. (1 ♂, NSMT); Afuso, 3.iv.1991, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♂, TUA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Mt. Terukubi</a>, 5.v.1991, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♀, TUA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Mt. Yonahadake</a>, 3.iv.1999, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♀, TUA); Hedo, 16.ix.2002, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♀, TUA); Kisebaru, 10.xii.2010, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♀, TUA); Manzamô, 30.iii.2013, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♂, TUA); Nago, Katsuyama, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Mt. Katsuudake</a>, 9.vi.2015, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES); Motobu, Namizato, Yaedake-sakura-no-mori-kôen, 30.iii.2018, leg. H. Yoshitake (4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, NIAES); Kunigami-son, Uka-rindô, 10.xi.2018, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES); Naha-shi, Shuri-sueyoshi-chô, Sueyoshi-kôen, 5.i.2019, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES); Yaese Park, 19.i.2019, leg. H. Shigetoh (4 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ 1 nymph, TUA); as above but leg. H. Yoshitake (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, NIAES); Nago-shi, Tanodake, 28.iv.2019, leg. R. Ito (1 ♂, TUA); Kunigami-gun, Kunigami-son, Sate, 6.v.2019, leg. R. Ito (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Nago, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Genka Shisen For. Rd.</a>, 3.vi.2019, leg. T. Saeki (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Uruma-shi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Mt. Ishikawadake</a>, 29.xii.2019, leg. H. Shigetoh (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Naha-shi, Ohnoyama Park, 8.iii.2020, leg. J. Souma (4 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ 3 nymphs); Kunigami-son, Aha, 5.v.2019, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES); as above but 18.iv.2020 (1 ♂ 1 ♀, NIAES); as above but 18.iv.2020, leg. H. Shigetoh (3 ♀♀, TUA); Toyomigusuku, 6.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Tabaru, 6.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 9 ♀♀, TUA); Midorigaoka Park, 10.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (5 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ 1 nymph, TUA); Nanjô-shi, Chinen-jôseki, 30.i.2021, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES); Kitanakagusuku-son, Taguchi, 3.ii.2021, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES); Nakagusuku, Noborimata, 3.ii.2021, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES); Okinawa-shi, Yaeshima-kôen, 4.ii.2021, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES); Uruma-shi, Enobi, 4.ii.2021, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES); Yomitan-son, Zakimi-jôseki, 5.ii.2021, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES); Yonabaru-chô, Untamamori, 20.ii.2021, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES); Nago-shi, Makiya, 1-2.vi.2021, leg. T. Saeki (1 ♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Aka Island</a>: 13.viii.1977, leg. M. Kinjo (1 ♀, NSMT); as above but 14.viii.1977 (1 ♀, NSMT); as above but 14.viii.1977, leg. S. Azuma (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, NSMT); Aka, 4.v.2021, leg. R. Ito (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Fukaji Island</a>: 3.v.2021, leg. R. Ito (6 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Geruma Island</a>: 10.viii.1977, leg. S. Azuma (1 ♀, NSMT); 2.viii.2019, leg. H. Shigetoh (1 ♀, TUA); 4.v.2021, leg. R. Ito (4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Kume Island</a>: Une, Tonnaha-enchi, 27.iii.2018, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES); Daruma-yama, 28.iv.2018, leg. R. Ito (3 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, TUA); Shirase-Riv., 29.iv.2018, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, TUA); Yamashiro, 22-24.vii.2020, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Tokashiki Island</a>: near Shuraku, 27.iv.2019, leg. H. Shigetoh (1 ♂, TUA); Tokashiki, 7.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, TUA); Aharen, 7.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU; 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Mt. Kumichizi</a>, 8.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ 2 nymphs, TUA); Ôtani-path, 1.v.2018, leg. R. Ito (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA); Tokashiki, Ôtani road, 30.iv.2021, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, TUA); as above but 1.v.2021 (4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Tsuken Island</a>: 16.iii.2019, leg. H. Shigetoh (1 ♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Yabuchi Island</a>: 5.iii.2020, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Yagaji Island</a>: Gabu, 9.iii.2020, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA); Sumuide, 17.iv.2020, leg. H. Shigetoh (1 ♂, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Zamami Island</a>: near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Mt. Odake</a>, 20.iii.2020, leg. H. Shigetoh (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA); Asa Evacuation Route, 21.iii.2020, leg. H. Shigetoh (1 ♀, TUA); Ama, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Mt. Bansho</a>, 21.iii.2020, leg. H. Shigetoh (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Inazaki-Kaminohama, 21.iii.2020, leg. H. Shigetoh (1 ♀, TUA); Ama, 3.vi.2020, leg. H. Shigetoh (1 ♀, TUA); Asa, 2.v.2018, leg. R. Ito (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Daito Islands</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Kitadaito Island</a>: Nakano, Daitôgû Shrine, 24.xi.2021, leg. T. Saeki (2 ♀♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Minamidaito Island</a>: Ikenosawa, 10.iii.2013, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♂ 1 ♀, NIAES); Zaisho, 6.vii.2014, leg. H. Ogai (5 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA); Daito Shrine, 9.ii.2018, leg. R. Ito (3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA). Six specimens from Aka and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.85753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.980804" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.85753/lat 34.980804)">Geruma islands</a> collected in 1977 were considered to be recorded as " Stephanitis aperta " by a previous study (Azuma and Kinjo 1987) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) exigua is recognised amongst other species of Stephanitis by a combination of the following characters: head, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface in various shades of brown (Figs 7C, 9C, 11C, 13C, 15C, 17C, 19C, 21C, 23C); calli light brown; body in male 2.2 times (in female 2.1 times) as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Figs 2C, 4C); rostrum not reaching metasternum; pronotum unicarinate (Fig. 25C); hood pale, shorter than median carina of pronotum, as wide as vertex at widest part, not covering eye, as high as median carina of pronotum at highest part, with posterior margin not extending to middle of pronotal disc; median carina of pronotum with 2 rows of areolae at highest part; pronotal disc lustrous; paranotum less erect, narrowed posteriorly, with 2 rows of areolae at widest part, with anterolateral angle slightly protruding anteriad, with outer margin gently curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height shorter than height of eye (Fig. 27C); apices of hemelytra close to each other in rest; costal area with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area with 2 rows of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; R+M (radiomedial) vein carinate; pygophore elevated at centre of venter, with posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part (Fig. 29C); and paramere stout, weakly curved inwards at apex, with outer margin not sinuate in middle part, inner margin nearly straight in basal part (Fig. 31C).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Amongst the Japanese species of Stephanitis, S. (Norba) exigua is similar to S. (N.) hiurai in general habitus, but the former is easily distinguished from the latter by the following characters: hood as wide as vertex at widest part (wider than vertex in S. (N.) hiurai), not covering eye (incompletely covering in S. (N.) hiurai) (Figs 7C, E, F, 9C, E, F, 25C, E); paranotum with 2 rows of areolae at widest part (3 rows in S. (N.) hiurai), with anterolateral angle slightly protruding anteriad (protruding in S. (N.) hiurai); costal area of hemelytron with 3 rows of areolae at widest part (4 rows in S. (N.) hiurai) (Figs 15C, E, F, 17C, E, F); subcostal area in female with 2 rows of areolae at widest part (3 rows in S. (N.) hiurai); and R+M (radiomedial) vein in female carinate (not carinate in S. (N.) hiurai).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Japan (Ryukyu Islands (central part): Okinawa Island, Aka Island, Fukaji Island, Geruma Island, Kume Island, Tokashiki Island, Tsuken Island, Yabuchi Island, Yagaji Island, Zamami Island; Daito Islands: Kitadaito Island, Minamidaito Island) (Fig. 45); China ( Horváth 1912; Drake 1937; Takeya 1963; Miyamoto 1964a, 1964b; Azuma and Kinjo 1987; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Yamada and Ishikawa 2016; Nakatani 2021; present study). The previous record from Honshu ( Horváth 1912) is a misidentification of Stephanitis (Stephanitis) pyrioides . Hundreds of specimens from Honshu possessing the unicarinate pronotum were examined, but all of them belong to S. (Norba) aperta, S. (N.) mendica or S. (S.) tabidula . Therefore, S. (N.) exigua is probably not distributed in Honshu. The previous records from the southern part of the Ryukyu Islands and northern Taiwan (Takeya 1963; Miyamoto 1964a, 1964b, 1964c; Azuma and Kinjo 1987; Hayashi 2002) correspond to S. (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov., described below. Hundreds of specimens from the southern part of the Ryukyu Islands possessing the unicarinate pronotum were examined, but all of them belong to S. (N.) ishikawai sp. nov. Therefore, S. (N.) exigua is probably not distributed in the southern part of the Ryukyu Islands. In Japan, S. (N.) exigua inhabits the laurilignosa in a subtropical climate of the central part of the Ryukyu Islands, which is in the Oriental Region.</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Cinnamomum camphora, “Kusunoki” ( Lauraceae) (Takeya 1963; present study); C. yabunikkei H.Ohba, “Yabunikkei” (present study); Machilus thunbergii, “Tabunoki” ( Lauraceae) (Fig. 43E) (Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; present study). Stephanitis (Norba) exigua feeds only on lauraceous trees and is oligophagous. This lace bug sometimes occurs on plantings of C. camphora and M. thunbergii in its distribution range (present study), suggesting that it can become a pest of both lauraceous trees.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) exigua feeds on the abaxial surface of leaves of the three host plants in Japan (present study). In Japan, adults were collected in almost all seasons (Miyamoto 1964a, 1964b; present study); nymphs were collected in January, March and November (present study).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/75671D62D1035B35AACF1E13DE5DC8EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Souma, Jun	Souma, Jun (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the Lauraceae - feeding species of the genus Stephanitis (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Japan. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69 (2): 219-281, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864
FC87BF49D8BB5D41BF0CA8D0818B70C6.text	FC87BF49D8BB5D41BF0CA8D0818B70C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stephanitis (Norba) hayashii Souma 2022	<div><p>Stephanitis (Norba) hayashii sp. nov.</p><p>[Japanese name: Hayashi-gunbai] Figs 2D, 4D, 7D, 9D, 11D, 13D, 15D, 17D, 19D, 21D, 23D, 25D, 27D, 29D, E, 31D, E, 41A-D</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) aperta Horváth, 1912: Miyamoto (1964b: 524) (distribution); Yamada and Ishikawa (2016: 433) (checklist: Japan). Misidentifications.</p><p>Type series.</p><p>Holotype (♂, ELKU), "[JAPAN]: the Ryukyus, Okinawa Isls., Aguni Is., Hama" [=JAPAN: Ryukyu Islands (central part): Aguni Island: Hama (approximate coordinates: 26°34'50.7"N, 127°14'06.4"E)], 10.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma. Paratypes (47 ♂♂ 67 ♀♀), JAPAN: Ryukyu Islands (central part): Amami-Oshima Island: Sokaru, 5.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (7 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, ELKU); Amami-shi, Kasari-cho, Wano 27.iv.2022, leg. J. Souma (4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU). Kakeroma Island: Osai, 3.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU). Yoron Island: Furusato, 11.xi.1966, leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♂, KUM). Okinawa Island: Tamagusuku, 17.xi.1963, leg. H. Hasegawa (1 ♂, NIAES); Kudeken, 20.iii.1964, leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♀, KUM); Yaese-chô, Yaese-kôen, 19.i.2019, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES); Rondon Forest Park, 20.i.2019, leg. H. Shigetoh (2 ♂, TUA); as above but leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES); Uruma-shi, Ishikawayamashiro, 2.viii.2019, leg. H. Shigetoh (1 ♀, TUA); Kakazu, 9.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, ELKU). Aguni Island: Bannyabaru, 7.iv.1999, leg. M. Hayashi et al. (1 ♀, TUA); Higashi, 6.iii.2020, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀ ELKU, 14 ♂♂ 14 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 7.iii.2020 (5 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, TUA); as holotype (3 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, ELKU). Fukaji Island: 3.v.2021, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, ELKU). Kouri Island: nr Amajafubaru-nôson-kôen, 7.iii.2020, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES). Senaga Island: 9.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU). Tokashiki Island: Tokashiki, 9.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (7 ♀♀, ELKU). Yagaji Island: Gabu, 9.iii.2020, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, TUA). A single specimen collected in 1964 was recorded as " Stephanitis aperta " by the previous study (Miyamoto 1964b).</p><p>Additional material examined</p><p>(27 nymphs). JAPAN: Ryukyu Islands (central part): Kakeroma Island: Osai, 3.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (3 nymphs, ELKU). Aguni Island: Higashi, 6.iii.2020, leg. J. Souma (6 nymphs, TUA); as above but 7.iii.2020 (1 nymph, TUA); as holotype (6 nymphs, ELKU). Tokashiki Island: Tokashiki, 9.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (7 nymphs, ELKU). Yagaji Island: Gabu, 9.iii.2020, leg. J. Souma (2 nymphs, ELKU; 2 nymphs, TUA). All 27 nymphs recorded above are in poor condition and are thus not described in the present study .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) hayashii sp. nov. is recognised amongst other species of Stephanitis by a combination of the following characters: head, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface in various shades of brown (Figs 7D, 9D, 11D, 13D, 15D, 17D, 19D, 21D, 23D); calli light brown; body in male 2.1 times (in female 2.0 times) as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Figs 2D, 4D); rostrum reaching metasternum; pronotum unicarinate (Fig. 25D); hood pale, shorter than median carina of pronotum, wider than vertex at widest part, incompletely covering eye, as high as median carina of pronotum at highest part, with posterior margin extending to middle of pronotal disc; median carina of pronotum with 2 rows of areolae at highest part; pronotal disc opaque; paranotum more erect, slightly narrowed posteriorly, with 3 rows of areolae at widest part, with anterolateral angle protruding anteriad, with outer margin gently curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height longer than height of eye (Fig. 27D); apices of hemelytra close to each other in rest; costal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area in male with 2 rows (in female with 3 rows) of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; R+M (radiomedial) vein carinate; pygophore elevated at centre of venter, with posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part (Fig. 29D, E); and paramere slender, weakly curved inwards at apex, with outer margin not sinuate in middle part, inner margin slightly curved inwards in basal part (Fig. 31D, E).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Head, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface various shades of brown; calli light brown; eye dark red; areolae of pronotum and hemelytron transparent; hood pale; pronotal disc opaque; pubescence on body yellowish (Figs 2D, 7D, 11D, 15D, 19D, 21D).</p><p>Body 2.1 times as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Fig. 2D). Head (Figs 7D, 11D, 19D, 25D) glabrous; pair of frontal spines close at apices, not reaching apex of clypeus; median spine as long as frontal spines, reaching bases of frontal spines; pair of occipital spines longer than median spine, reaching middle part of eyes; antenniferous tubercles obtuse, slightly curved inwards; clypeus smooth. Compound eye round in dorsal view. Antenna densely covered with pubescence; segment I cylindrical; segment II cylindrical, shortest amongst antennal segments; segment III longest amongst antennal segments; segment IV cylindrical, longer than segment I. Bucculae closed at anterior ends, with 3 rows of areolae throughout length. Rostrum reaching metasternum.</p><p>Pronotum (Figs 7D, 11D, 25D, 27D) unicarinate, 1.4 times as long as maximum width across paranota, sparsely covered with pubescence. Pronotal disc coarsely punctate. Hood shorter than median carina of pronotum, wider than vertex at widest part, incompletely covering eye, as high as median carina of pronotum at highest part, posterior margin extending to middle of pronotal disc, 4 rows of areolae at highest part, dorsal margin arched. Median carina straight, extending to apex of posterior process, 2 rows of areolae at highest part, dorsal margin arched. Calli smooth. Paranotum more erect, slightly narrowed posteriorly, 3 rows of areolae at widest part, anterolateral angle protruding anteriad, outer margin gently curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height longer than height of eye. Posterior process triangular, obtuse at apex.</p><p>Hemelytron (Fig. 15D) 2.4 times as long as maximum width, extending beyond apex of abdomen, sparsely covered with pubescence; maximum width across hemelytra 1.7 times as wide as maximum width across paranota; apices close in rest; costal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area with 2 rows of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; C (costal), R+M (radiomedial) and Cu (cubital) veins carinate.</p><p>Thoracic pleura (Fig. 11D) smooth in anterior part, coarsely punctate in posterior part. Ostiolar peritreme oblong. Sternal laminae (Fig. 19D) lower than bucculae; pro- and mesosternal laminae open in both anterior and posterior ends; metasternal laminae as high as mesosternal laminae, open at anterior ends, fused each other at posterior ends. Legs (Fig. 2D) smooth, densely covered with pubescence; femora thickest at middle.</p><p>Abdomen oblong in dorsal and ventral views. Pygophore (Figs 21D, 29D, E) compressed dorsoventrally, semicircular in ventral view, elevated at centre of venter, with posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part, covered with pubescence. Paramere (Fig. 31D, E) slender, expanded in middle part, slightly curved inwards at apex, outer margin not sinuate in middle part, inner margin weakly curved inward in basal part, covered with pubescence in middle part of outer and inner margins.</p><p>Measurements (n = 20). Body length with hemelytra 2.9-3.2 mm; maximum width across hemelytra 1.4-1.5 mm; length of antennal segments I to IV 0.2 mm, 0.1 mm, 1.2 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively; pronotal length 1.2-1.3 mm; pronotal width across paranota 0.8-0.9 mm; hemelytral length 2.2-2.5 mm; maximum width of hemelytron 1.0-1.1 mm.</p><p>Female. General habitus very similar to that of male (Figs 4D, 9D, 13D, 17D, 23D), except for the following characters: body 2.0 times as long as maximum width across hemelytra; antennal segment III shorter than in male; pronotum 1.5 times as long as maximum width across paranota; hood wider than in male; hemelytron 2.3 times as long as its maximum width; maximum width across hemelytra 1.9 times as much as maximum width across paranota; subcostal area wider than in male, with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; and apical part of abdomen pentagonal in ventral view.</p><p>Measurements (n = 20). Body length with hemelytra 3.1-3.4 mm; maximum width across hemelytra 1.6-1.7 mm; length of antennal segments I to IV 0.2 mm, 0.1 mm, 1.0 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively; pronotal length 1.3-1.4 mm; pronotal width across paranota 0.9 mm; hemelytral length 2.4-2.5 mm; maximum width of hemelytron 1.0-1.1 mm.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) hayashii sp. nov. was misidentified as S. (N.) aperta in a previous study (Miyamoto 1964b), as both species are very similar to each other. However, the former is easily distinguished from the latter by the following characters: calli light brown (dark brown in S. (N.) aperta) (Figs 7B, D, 9B, D, 11B, D, 13B, D); rostrum reaching metasternum (not reaching in S. (N.) aperta) (Fig. 19B, D); hood wider than vertex at widest part (as wide as in S. (N.) aperta), incompletely covering eye (not covering in S. (N.) aperta), slightly higher than median carina of pronotum at highest part (as high as in S. (N.) aperta), with posterior margin extending to middle of pronotal disc (not extending in S. (N.) aperta) (Fig. 25B, D); paranotum more erect (less erect in S. (N.) aperta), slightly narrowed posteriorly (strongly narrowed in S. (N.) aperta); and paramere slender (stout in S. (N.) aperta), with inner margin slightly curved inwards in basal part (nearly straight in S. (N.) aperta) (Fig. 31B, D, E).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Japan (Ryukyu Islands (central part): Amami-Oshima Island, Kakeroma Island, Yoron Island, Okinawa Island, Aguni Island, Fukaji Island, Kouri Island, Senaga Island, Tokashiki Island, Yagaji Island) (Fig. 46) (Miyamoto 1964b; Yamada and Ishikawa 2016; present study). Stephanitis (Norba) hayashii sp. nov. inhabits the laurilignosa in a subtropical climate of the central part of the Ryukyu Islands, which is in the Oriental Region.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This new species is named in honour of Masami Hayashi, a Japanese heteropterist who collected part of paratypes and taught the author how to conduct fieldwork.</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Cinnamomum yabunikkei, “Yabunikkei” (Fig. 43G) (present study); Litsea japonica (Thunb.) Juss., “Hamabiwa” ( Lauraceae) (Fig. 43F) (present study). Stephanitis (Norba) hayashii sp. nov. feeds only on lauraceous trees and is oligophagous.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) hayashii sp. nov. feeds on the abaxial surface of leaves of the two known host plants (present study). Adults were collected from March to May and in January, August and November (Miyamoto 1964b; present study); nymphs were collected in March and November (present study).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC87BF49D8BB5D41BF0CA8D0818B70C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Souma, Jun	Souma, Jun (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the Lauraceae - feeding species of the genus Stephanitis (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Japan. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69 (2): 219-281, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864
64316192E12352CEAB0E137EB21EC898.text	64316192E12352CEAB0E137EB21EC898.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stephanitis (Norba) hiurai Takeya 1963	<div><p>Stephanitis (Norba) hiurai Takeya, 1963</p><p>[Japanese name: Hiura-gunbai] Figs 2E, F, 4E, F, 7E, F, 9E, F, 11E, F, 13E, F, 15E, F, 17E, F, 19E, 21E, 23E, 25E, 28A, 29F, 31F, 36A, 36B, 41E-G</p><p>Stephanitis hiurai Takeya, 1963: 34 (in Norba group). Holotype, ♀ (Fig. 36A): Japan: Amami-Oshima, Naze [= Ryukyu Islands, Amami-Oshima Island, Naze]; OMNH (not deposited), ELKU (currently deposited).</p><p>Stephanitis hiurai takaranis Takeya, 1963: 36 (in Norba group). Holotype, ♀ (Fig. 36B): Japan: Tokara Is., Takarajima [= Ryukyu Islands, Takara Island]; OMNH (not deposited), ELKU (currently deposited). Synonymised with Stephanitis (Norba) hiurai Takeya, 1963 by Miyamoto (1964b: 524).</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) aperta Horváth, 1912: Hayashi (2002: 137) (distribution). Misidentification.</p><p>References.</p><p>Miyamoto (1964a: 274) (distribution: part); Miyamoto (1964b: 524) (distribution: part); Miyamoto and Yasunaga (1989: 168) (checklist: Japan); Péricart and Golub (1996: 58) (catalogue: Palaearctic); Hayashi (2002: 137) (distribution); Yamada and Tomokuni (2012: 205) (monograph); Yamada and Ishikawa (2016: 433) (checklist: Japan).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype (1 ♀, ELKU) (Fig. 36A), JAPAN: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49394&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.387112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49394/lat 28.387112)">Ryukyu Islands</a> (central part): " Amami Is. Naze " [= Amami-Oshima Island, Naze (approximate coordinates: 28°23'13.6"N, 129°29'38.2"E)], 4.v.1960, leg. T. Shibata. Holotype of Stephanitis (Norba) hiurai takaranis <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.20772&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.143888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.20772/lat 29.143888)">Takeya</a>, 1963 (1 ♀, ELKU) (Fig. 36B), JAPAN: Ryukyu Islands (central part): " Tokara Is. Takarajima " [= Takara Island (approximate coordinates: 29°08'38.0"N, 129°12'27.8"E)], 5.vii.1960, leg. Y. Hama. Paratype of Stephanitis (Norba) hiurai takaranis <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Takeya</a>, 1963 (1 ♀, ELKU), JAPAN: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Ryukyu Islands</a> (central part): " Tokara Is. Takarajima " [= Takara Island (approximate coordinates: 29°08'38.0"N 129°12'27.8"E)], 5.vii.1960, leg. Y. Hama. The original description of S. (N.) hiurai and S. (N.) hiurai takaranis (Takeya 1963) states that their type specimens are deposited in OMNH, but these holotypes and paratype are now deposited in ELKU. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Non-types</a> collected at type locality (4 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀), JAPAN: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Ryukyu Islands</a> (central part): <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Amami-Oshima</a> Island: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Amami-shi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Naze</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Kaneku</a> (approximate coordinates: 28°22'27.1"N, 129°29'43.6"E), 30.iv.2022, leg. J. Souma (3 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, TUA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Amami-shi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Naze</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Asani</a> (approximate coordinates: 28°24'03.1"N, 129°29'25.3"E), 30.iv.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA). Non-types (50 ♂♂ 104 ♀♀ 16 nymphs), JAPAN: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Ryukyu Islands</a> (central part): <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Takara Island</a>: 26.v-1.vi.1953, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU); 27.iv.1971, leg. M. Sakai (2 ♀♀ 1 nymph, NSMT). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Kikai Island</a>: Hyakunodai, 9.iii.2019, leg. H. Kojima (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA); between Keraji and Aden, 9.iii.2019, leg. H. Kojima (9 ♀♀, TUA). Amami-Oshima Island: Hatsuno, 11.xi.1962, leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♂, ELKU); as above but 5.x.1988, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, NSMT); Uragami, 31.x.1966, leg. Y. Miyatake (3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, KUM); Santaro-toge Pass, 2.xi.1966, leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♀, KUM); as above but 30.vi.2000, leg. Y. Nakatani (1 ♂, NIAES); Yuwan, 3.xi.1966, leg. Y. Miyatake (5 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀, KUM); Naze, 21.iv.1971, leg. M. Sakai (3 ♀♀ 1 nymph, NSMT); Naze-shi, Akazaki, 2.xi.1984, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♂ 5 ♀♀, NSMT); Sumiyô-son, Kawauchi, Chûô-rindô, alt. 200 m, 3.x.1988, leg. M. Tomokuni (5 ♀♀, NSMT); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Mt. Yuwandake</a>, 4.x.1988, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♀, NSMT); Uken-son, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Mt. Yuwan-dake</a>, 23.iii.2019, leg. Y. Hisasue (1 ♀, TUA); Shinokawa, 2.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, ELKU; 5 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 4.xi.2020 (1 ♂ 1 ♀ 8 nymphs, TUA); Konase, 2.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (5 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ 1 nymph, TUA); Sokaru, 5.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Uken-son, Yuwan, 28.iv.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA); Setouchi-cho, Amurogama, 29.iv.2022, leg. J. Souma (3 ♀♀, TUA); Uken-son, Ikegachi, 30.iv.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, TUA); Amami-shi, Sumiyo-cho, Aoku, 30.iv.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Amami-shi, Sumiyo-cho, Santaro Pass, 1.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 5 ♀♀ 4 nymphs, TUA); Amami-shi, Kasari-cho, Manya, 3.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA); Asani, Akazaki Park, 29.vi.2022, leg. S. Imada (1 ♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Kakeroma Island</a>: Shokazu, 3.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (3 ♀♀, TUA); Kachiyuki, 3.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (8 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀ 1 nymph, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Tokunoshima Island</a>: Asahigaoka, 11.xi.1966, leg. Y. Miyatake (2 ♀♀, KUM); Amagi-cho, Yonama, 2.x.1988, leg. M. Tomokuni (2 ♂ 1 ♀, NSMT). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Okinoerabu Island</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Mt. Koshiyama</a>, 8.vii.2019, leg. Y. Tamadera (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA); Oyama Botanical Park, 23-26.vi.2022, leg. S. Imada (3 ♀♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.49037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.40086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.49037/lat 28.40086)">Okinawa Island</a>: Yona, 19.x.1963, leg. S. Miyamoto (2 ♂♂, KUM); as above but leg. Y. Hirashima (1 ♀, KUM); as above but 25-27.v.1974, leg. M. Sato (2 ♀♀, NSMT); Izumi-Gogayama, 22.iii.1964, leg. S. Kimoto (1 ♂, KUM); as above but leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♀, KUM); Aha, 26.xii.1973, leg. M. Hamakawa (1 ♂ 1 ♀, NSMT); Kunigami, Mt. Yonaha, 20.x.1987, leg. M. Sakai (1 ♀, NSMT); Kunigami, Ooguni-rindo, 8 km from Yona, alt. 300 m, 21.x.1987, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♂, NSMT); Okuni-Rindô, 16-21.iv.1997, leg. T. Ishikawa (1 ♀, TUA); Oku For. Rd., 12.ix.2005, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♀, TUA) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) hiurai is recognised amongst other species of Stephanitis by a combination of the following characters: head, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface in various shades of brown (Figs 7E, F, 9E, F, 11E, F, 13E, F, 15E, F, 17E, F, 19E, 21E, 23E); calli light brown; body in male 2.0-2.1 times (in female 1.8-2.0 times) as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Figs 2E, F, 4E, F); rostrum not reaching metasternum; pronotum unicarinate (Fig. 25E); hood pale, shorter than median carina of pronotum, wider than vertex at widest part, incompletely covering eye, as high as median carina of pronotum at highest part, with posterior margin not extending to middle of pronotal disc; median carina of pronotum with 2 rows of areolae at highest part; pronotal disc lustrous; paranotum less erect, narrowed posteriorly, 3 rows of areolae at widest part, anterolateral angle protruding anteriad, outer margin gently curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height longer than height of eye (Fig. 28A); apices of hemelytra close to each other in rest; costal area with 4 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area in male with 2 rows (in female with 3 rows) of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; R+M (radiomedial) vein in male not carinate (in female carinate); pygophore elevated at centre of venter, posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part (Fig. 29F); and paramere stout, weakly curved inwards at apex, with outer margin not sinuate in middle part, inner margin nearly straight in basal part (Fig. 31F).</p><p>Intraspecific variation.</p><p>According to the original description (Takeya 1963), Stephanitis (Norba) hiurai is divided into two subspecies, S. (N.) h. hiurai Takeya, 1963 and S. (N.) h. takaranis . However, previous studies by Miyamoto (1964a, 1964b) used only a few specimens which included misidentified S. (N.) ishikawai sp. nov., described below, and synonymised S. (N.) h. takaranis with the nominotypical subspecies. Nevertheless, subsequent authors ( Péricart and Golub 1996; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Yamada and Ishikawa 2016) continued to treat S. (N.) h. takaranis as a valid subspecies without providing any justification. Many specimens of S. (N.) hiurai from various localities were observed in the present study and the differences in colouration and shape of the hood cited in the original description of the two subspecies (Takeya 1963) are herein considered to be intraspecific variations depending on individual and size, respectively. Therefore, the synonymy of S. (N.) h. takaranis with S. (N.) hiurai, proposed by Miyamoto (1964a, 1964b) is supported.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The partial COI gene pairwise sequence distances between Stephanitis (Norba) hiurai and S. (N.) aperta are only 0.006632-0.009310 (Suppl. material 3) and both species resemble each other in general habitus. However, the former is easily distinguished from the latter by the following characters: hood wider than vertex at widest part (as wide as vertex in S. (N.) aperta), incompletely covering eye (not covering in S. (N.) aperta) (Figs 7B, E, F, 9B, E, F, 25B, E); pronotal disc lustrous (opaque in S. (N.) aperta); and R+M (radiomedial) vein in female carinate (not carinate in S. (N.) aperta) (Fig. 17B, E, F).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Japan (Ryukyu Islands (central part): Takara Island, Kikai Island, Amami-Oshima Island, Kakeroma Island, Tokunoshima Island, Okinoerabu Island, Okinawa Island) (Fig. 46) (Takeya 1963; Miyamoto 1964a, 1964b, 1964c; Hayashi 2002; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Yamada and Ishikawa 2016; present study). The previous record from Ishigaki Island, the southern part of the Ryukyu Islands (Miyamoto 1964a, 1964b), corresponds to Stephanitis (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov., described below. Hundreds of specimens from the southern part of the Ryukyu Islands possessing an unicarinate pronotum were examined, but all of them belonged to S. (N.) ishikawai sp. nov. Therefore, S. (N.) hiurai is probably not distributed in the southern part of the Ryukyu Islands. Stephanitis (Norba) hiurai inhabits the laurilignosa in a subtropical climate of the central part of the Ryukyu Islands, which is in the Oriental Region.</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Machilus thunbergii, “Tabunoki” ( Lauraceae) (Fig. 43H) (present study). Stephanitis (Norba) hiurai feeds only on this lauraceous tree and is monophagous. This lace bug was also collected from Symplocos myrtacea Siebold et Zucc., “Hainoki” ( Symplocaceae) without any data on its development (Yamada and Tomokuni 2012).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) hiurai feeds on the abaxial surface of leaves of Machilus thunbergii (present study. Adults were collected in almost all seasons (Takeya 1963; Miyamoto 1964a, 1964b; present study). Nymphs were collected in April and November (present study).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/64316192E12352CEAB0E137EB21EC898	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Souma, Jun	Souma, Jun (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the Lauraceae - feeding species of the genus Stephanitis (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Japan. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69 (2): 219-281, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864
3A2B74D8666753F7AD7C78A31C6283F9.text	3A2B74D8666753F7AD7C78A31C6283F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stephanitis (Norba) ishikawai Souma 2022	<div><p>Stephanitis (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov.</p><p>[Japanese name: Ishikawa-gunbai] Figs 3A, 5A, 8A, 10A, 12A, 14A, 16A, 18A, 19F, 21F, 23F, 25F, 28B, 30A-C, 32A-C, 41H, I</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) aperta Horváth, 1912: Takeya (1931: 75) (distribution: part); Maa (1957: 127) (nymph); Takeya (1963: 38) (distribution: part); Miyamoto (1964a: 274) (distribution: part); Miyamoto (1964b: 524) (distribution: part); Takara and Azuma (1972: 113) (distribution); Azuma and Kinjo (1987: 34) (distribution); Miyamoto and Yasunaga (1989: 168) (checklist: Japan); Yasunaga et al. (1993: 178) (monograph: part); Hayashi (2002: 137) (distribution); Tomokuni (2006b: 67) (checklist: Taiwan); Zheng and Lin (2013: 312) (distribution); Yamada and Tomokuni (2012: 205) (monograph: part); Yamada and Ishikawa (2016: 433) (checklist: Japan). Misidentifications.</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) exigua Horváth, 1912: Takeya (1963: 38) (distribution: part); Miyamoto (1964a: 274) (distribution: part); Miyamoto (1964b: 524) (distribution: part); Miyamoto (1964c: 105) (distribution); Takara and Azuma (1972: 113) (distribution); Azuma and Kinjo (1987: 34) (distribution); Miyamoto and Yasunaga (1989: 168) (checklist: Japan); Hayashi (2002: 137) (distribution); Tomokuni (2006b: 67) (checklist: Taiwan); Yamada and Tomokuni (2012: 204) (monograph: part); Yamada and Ishikawa (2016: 433) (checklist: Japan). Misidentifications.</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) hiurai Takeya, 1963: Miyamoto (1964a: 272) (distribution: part); Miyamoto (1964b: 524) (distribution: part). Misidentifications.</p><p>Type series.</p><p>Holotype (♂, ELKU), "[JAPAN]: the Ryukyus, Yaeyama Isls., Yonaguni Is., Mantabaru" [=JAPAN: Ryukyu Islands (southern part): Yonaguni Island: Mantabaru (approximate coordinates: 24°27'27.6"N, 122°58'16.6"E)], 11.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma. Paratypes (141 ♂♂ 252 ♀♀), JAPAN: Ryukyu Islands (southern part): Miyako Island: Karimata, 2.ix.1958, leg. T. Hidaka (1 ♀, ELKU); Hirara, Karimata, 1.iv.1991, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♀, TUA); as above but 21.xi.1992 (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, ELKU); as above but 22.xi.1992 (1 ♀, TUA); Gusukube, Wipya, 2.iv.1991, leg. M. Hayashi (5 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, TUA); Mt. Nobarudake, 2.iv.1991, leg. M. Hayashi (6 ♂♂ 12 ♀♀, TUA); as above, but 11.x.1993 (7 ♂♂ 21 ♀♀, TUA); as above, but 13.v.1995 (1 ♀, TUA); as above, but 24.vi.2008 (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA); as above but 9.xi.2018, leg. J. Souma (3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA); Ono Mountain Forest, 18.v.1991, leg. M. Hayashi (3 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 7.xi.2018, leg. J. Souma (5 ♀♀, ELKU; 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA); Ueno-son, Mt. Nobaru-dake, 31.x.1999, leg. T. Ishikawa (3 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, TUA); as above but leg. M. Tomokuni (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, NSMT); Karimata, Ôno-sanrin, 1.xi.1999, leg. T. Ishikawa (1 ♂, TUA); Hirara, Higashi-sokobaru, 2.xi.1999, leg. T. Ishikawa (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Kamamamine Park, 28.iv.2002, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♀, TUA); Ueno, Mt. Nobarudake, 27.xii.2017, leg. H. Yoshitake (2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA); Gusukube, Yoshino, 8.xi.20118, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 7 ♀♀, TUA). Irabu Island: Irabu, 10.xi.2018, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, ELKU); Makiyama, 10.xi.2018, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU); as above but 25.vii.2022, leg. S. Shimamoto (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA); near Makiyama-tenbôdai, 26.ix.2020, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♂ 1 ♀, NIAES). Kurima Island: 31.x.2007, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♀, TUA). Ogami Island: 9.vi.2009, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♂, TUA); 27.xii.2017, leg. H. Yoshitake (2 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, TUA). Ishigaki Island: 5.ix.1957, leg. T. Takara (2 ♀♀, NSMT); 20.iii.1960, leg. T. Takara (1 ♂ 1 ♀, KUM); Nanbadake, 24.xi.1960, leg. K. Yasumatsu (1 ♀, KUM); Kawara, 28.x.1963, leg. Y. Hirashima (2 ♀♀, KUM); Mt. Omoto, alt. 100-526 m, 17.xi.1963, leg. G. A. Samuelson (1 ♀, KUM); Yonehara, 15.iii.1964, leg. Taira (1 ♂ 1 ♀, NIAES); Kahara-yama, 14.iii.1964, leg. Y. Miyatake (4 ♂♂ 1 ♀, KUM); as above but leg. S. Kimoto (1 ♂, KUM); as above but 18.iii.1964 (1 ♀, KUM); Yonehara, 15.iii.1964, leg. T. Shirozu (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, KUM); as above but leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♂ 1 ♀, KUM); as above but 12.vi.2008, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♀, TUA); Omoto-san, 16.iii.1964, leg. Y. Miyatake (2 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, KUM); Takada, 10.iv.1981, leg. K. Baba (1 ♀, NIAES); as above but 10.xi.1985, leg. M. Hayashi (2 ♀♀, TUA); Omoto, 15.x.1988, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♀, TUA); as above but 2.vii.1998, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♀, TUA); Banna-dake, 12.v.1975, leg. Y. Notsu (1 ♂, NSMT); as above but 16.xi.1984, leg. M. Tomokuni (2 ♀♀, NSMT); Mt. Bannadake, 2.iv.1976, leg. K. Murakami (1 ♂, NSMT); as above but 19.vii.2022, leg. S. Shimamoto (3 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, TUA); Banna Park, 17.iii.1993, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♀, TUA); Nosoko, 1.v.1998, leg. K. Takahashi (1 ♂, NSMT); Mt. Yarabu-dake, 23.iv.1999, leg. T. Ishikawa (1 ♀, TUA); as above but 6-9.v.2016, leg. N. Tsuji (2 ♀♀, ELKU); as above but 13.xi.2018, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, TUA); Takeda-rindo, 23.v.2000, leg. H. Mizushima (1 ♂, TUA); Mt. Omoto-dake, 18.vi.1991, leg. S. Miyakawa (4 ♀♀, NSMT); as above but 22.vi.1991 (1 ♀, NSMT); as above but 12.v.1993, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♀, TUA); as above but 24.v.2000, leg. T. Ishikawa (1 ♀, TUA); Mt. Maesedake, 20.iv.2005, leg. M. Hayashi (3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 21.ii.2006 (2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, TUA) as above but 22.iii.2006 (1 ♂, TUA); as above but 16.xi.2018, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); as above but 6.iii.2022, leg. T. Saeki (1 ♂, TUA); as above but 20.vii.2022, leg. S. Shimamoto (5 ♀♀, TUA); Shiramizu, 29.x.2007, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♀, TUA); Kabira, 29.x.2007, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♀, TUA); as above but 8.x.2013, leg. R. Ito (1 ♂ 1 ♀, ELKU); Hirae, Takeda-rindô, 4.x.2013, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, ELKU); Hirae, Omoto-dake, 7.x.2013, leg. R. Ito (1 ♂, ELKU); Nagura, 7.x.2013, leg. R. Ito (3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU); Yarabu, Yarabu-dake, 8.x.2013, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, ELKU); Yarabu, 8.x.2013, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, ELKU); Okawa, 11.xi.2018, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, TUA); Oganzaki, 13.xi.2018, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, ELKU); Nosoko, 14.xi.2018, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, ELKU); Itona, 14.xi.2018, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, TUA); Inoda, 14.xi.2018, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, ELKU); Hirae, 17.xi.2018, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Sakieda, 1.iii.2020, leg. Y. Obae (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, ELKU). Iriomote Island: 24.iv.1951, leg. T. Takara (1 ♀, NSMT); Ôhara, 22.xi.1960, leg. K. Yasumatsu (1 ♂, ELKU); Ushikumori, 4.x.1963, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♂, KUM); as above but 9.iii.1964, leg. Y. Miyatake (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, KUM); as above leg. T. Shirozu (1 ♂ 4 ♀♀, KUM); as above but 11.iii.1964, leg. Y. Miyatake (3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, KUM); as above but 24.iii.1973, leg. S. Azuma (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, NSMT); Sonai, 6.x.1963, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♂, KUM); as above but 8.x.1963 (1 ♂ 1 ♀, KUM); Komi, 12.vii.1963, leg. Y. Miyatake (4 ♀♀, KUM); as above but 2.iv.1978, leg. K. Baba (1 ♀, NIAES); as above but 10.xi.1984, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♀, NSMT); as above but 11.xi.1984, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♂, NSMT); as above but 20.xi.1998, leg. T. Ishikawa (1 ♀, TUA); as above but 20-23.iii.2015, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, ELKU); as above but 24.viii.2020, leg. Y. Hisasue (1 ♂, ELKU); Shirahama, 5.xi.1963, leg. H. Hasegawa (1 ♀, NIAES); Shirahama-Sonae, 5.xi.1963, leg. H. Hasegawa (1 ♀, KUM); Shirahama-Hoshidate, 8.iii.1964, leg. Y. Miyatake (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, KUM); as above but leg. S. Kimoto (1 ♀, KUM); Upstream of Nakara-gawa Riv., 12.iii.1964, leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♀, KUM); as above but leg. S. Kimoto (1 ♂ 1 ♀, KUM); as above but leg. S. Higashihirachi (1 ♂, NIAES); Ohara, 20.viii.1971, leg. S. Azuma (1 ♂, NSMT); Funaura, 28.iii.1973, leg. S. Azuma (1 ♂, NSMT); as above but 21.viii.1976, leg. K. Kyoda (1 ♀, NSMT); as above but 8.x.1977, leg. M. Taniguchi (1 ♀, NSMT); as above but 9.x.1977, leg. M. Kinjo (1 ♀, NSMT); as above but 9.x.1977, leg. M. Arasaki (1 ♀, NSMT); as above but 11.xi.1984, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♀, NSMT); as above but 31.iii.1996, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♂, TUA); Hoshidate, 7.xi.1985, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♂, TUA); Monpanare, 29.ix.1993, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♀, TUA); Takana, Yutsun Riv., 22.xi.1997, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♀, NSMT); Urauchi, 19.vi.1998, leg. T. Ishikawa (1 ♀, TUA); Shirahama-rindô, 1.iii.2002, leg. T. Ishikawa (2 ♀, TUA); Mt. Sonaidake, 1.iii.2002, leg. T. Ishikawa (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Ôhara, Fusatoruba, 3.iii.2002, leg. T. Ishikawa (4 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Aira-gawa Rev., 7.x.2009, leg. T. Ishikawa (1 ♂, TUA); Haiminaka, 21-23.iii.2015, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, ELKU); Sonai, 19.xi.2018, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, ELKU); Otomi For. Rd., 20.xi.2018, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, TUA); Unarizaki, 20.xi.2018, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, ELKU); Ôtomi-path, 21.ii.2020, leg. R. Ito (3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, ELKU); Mt. Tedo-san, 14.x.2020, leg. Y. Hisasue (1 ♀, ELKU); Inaba Trail, 16.x.2020, leg. Y. Hisasue (1 ♀, ELKU). Yonaguni Island: Mt. Kubura-dake, 2.vii.1973, leg. K. Shigematsu (1 ♂, NSMT); as above but 30.iii.2020, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, ELKU); Mt. Urabu-dake, 28.iii.1997, leg. T. Ishikawa (5 ♂♂ 1 ♀♀, TUA); as holotype (6 ♂♂ 13 ♀♀, ELKU); as holotype but 14.xi.2020 (2 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, ELKU); Mt. Inbidake, 11.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, ELKU); as above but 13.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (11 ♂♂ 16 ♀♀, ELKU); Higawa, 11.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (4 ♀♀, ELKU); Iranda For. Rd., 25.iii.2021, leg. T. Saeki (1 ♂, ELKU); Promenade of Atlas Moth Museum, 26.iii.2021, leg. K. Saito (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, ELKU). A single paratype collected in 1958 was recorded as " Stephanitis aperta ", four paratypes collected in 1960 as " Stephanitis exigua " by Takeya (1963). Of 12 paratypes collected in 1963, eight were recorded as " Stephanitis exigua " or " Stephanitis hiurai " by Miyamoto (1964a). Of 42 paratypes collected in 1964, 38 individuals were recorded as " Stephanitis exigua " by Miyamoto (1964b). Four paratypes from Iriomote Island collected by Y. Miyatake in 1963 were recorded as " Stephanitis exigua " by Miyamoto (1964c). Six paratypes from Iriomote Island collected by S. Azuma or M. Kinjo were considered to be recorded as " Stephanitis aperta " or " Stephanitis exigua " by Azuma and Kinjo (1987).</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>Non-types (13 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ 13 nymphs), JAPAN: Ryukyu Islands: (southern part): Iriomote Island: Shirahama-Hoshidate, 8.iii.1964, leg. Y. Miyatake (1 nymph); Ôhara, Fusatoruba, 3.iii.2002, leg. T. Ishikawa (4 nymphs, TUA). Yonaguni Island: as holotype (1 nymph) . TAIWAN: Taipei City: Taihoku [= Taipei], 16.iv.1917, leg. M. Maki (2 ♂♂, ELKU); as above but 15.i.1927, leg. R. Takahashi (1 ♀, ELKU); as above but 2.iv.1930, leg. C. Takeya (1 ♂ 1 ♀, ELKU); as above, but 10.ii.1932, leg. R. Takahashi (4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU; 1 ♂, KUM); Da'an District , 5.x.2021, leg. Y.-J. Tsai (3 ♂♂ 1 ♀ 7 nymphs, NMNS); as above but 22.xi.2021 (2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, NMNS). Twelve specimens collected from Taiwan in the early 20th century were recorded as " Stephanitis aperta " or " Stephanitis exigua " by Takeya (1931, 1963). The Taiwanese specimens are most similar to Stephanitis (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov. in morphological characteristics and were provisionally identified as pertaining to the new species in the present study. All 13 nymphs recorded above are in poor condition and are thus not described here .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov. is recognised amongst other species of Stephanitis by a combination of the following characters: head, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface in various shades of brown (Figs 8A, 10A, 12A, 14A, 16A, 18A, 19F, 21F, 23F); calli light brown; body in male 2.1 times (in female 2.0 times) as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Figs 3A, 5A); rostrum reaching metasternum; pronotum unicarinate (Fig. 25F); hood pale, shorter than median carina of pronotum, wider than vertex at widest part, incompletely covering eye, as high as median carina of pronotum at highest part, posterior margin extending to middle of pronotal disc; median carina of pronotum with 2 rows of areolae at highest part; pronotal disc opaque; paranotum less erect, slightly narrowed posteriorly, with 3 rows of areolae at widest part, anterolateral angle protruding anteriad, outer margin gently curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height longer than height of eye (Fig. 28B); apices of hemelytra close to each other in rest; costal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area in male with 2 rows (in female with 3 rows) of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; R+M (radiomedial) vein carinate; pygophore elevated at centre of venter, posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part (Fig. 30A-C); and paramere stout, weakly curved inwards at apex, with outer margin not sinuate in middle part, inner margin nearly straight in basal part (Fig. 32A-C).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Head, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface in various shades of brown; calli light brown; eye dark red; areolae of pronotum and hemelytron transparent; hood pale; pronotal disc opaque; pubescence on body yellowish (Figs 3A, 8A, 12A, 16A, 19F, 21F).</p><p>Body 2.1 times as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Fig. 3A). Head (Figs 8A, 12A, 19F, 25F) glabrous; a pair of frontal spines close to each other at apices, not reaching apex of clypeus; median spine as long as frontal spines, reaching bases of frontal spines; pair of occipital spines longer than median spine, reaching middle part of eyes; antenniferous tubercles obtuse, slightly curved inwards; clypeus smooth. Compound eye round in dorsal view. Antenna densely covered with pubescence; segment I cylindrical; segment II cylindrical, shortest among antennal segments; segment III longest amongst antennal segments; segment IV cylindrical, longer than segment I. Bucculae closed at anterior ends, with 3 rows of areolae throughout length. Rostrum reaching metasternum.</p><p>Pronotum (Figs 8A, 12A, 25F, 28B) unicarinate, 1.3 times as long as maximum width across paranota, sparsely covered with pubescence. Pronotal disc coarsely punctate. Hood shorter than median carina of pronotum, wider than vertex at widest part, incompletely covering eye, as high as median carina of pronotum at highest part, posterior margin extending to middle of pronotal disc, 4 rows of areolae at highest part, dorsal margin arched. Median carina straight, extending to apex of posterior process, 2 rows of areolae at highest part, dorsal margin arched. Calli smooth. Paranotum less erect, slightly narrowed posteriorly, with 3 rows of areolae at widest part, anterolateral angle protruding anteriad, outer margin gently curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height longer than height of eye. Posterior process triangular, obtuse at apex.</p><p>Hemelytron (Fig. 16A) 2.4 times as long as its maximum width, extending beyond apex of abdomen, sparsely covered with pubescence; maximum width across hemelytra 1.6 times as much as maximum width across paranota; apices close to each other in rest; costal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area with 2 rows of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; C (costal), R+M (radiomedial) and Cu (cubital) veins carinate.</p><p>Thoracic pleura (Fig. 12A) smooth in anterior part, coarsely punctate in posterior part. Ostiolar peritreme oblong. Sternal laminae (Fig. 19F) lower than bucculae; pro- and mesosternal laminae open in both anterior and posterior ends; metasternal laminae as high as mesosternal laminae, open at anterior ends, fused each other at posterior ends. Legs (Fig. 3A) smooth, densely covered with pubescence; femora thickest at middle.</p><p>Abdomen oblong in dorsal and ventral views. Pygophore (Figs 21F, 30A-C) compressed dorsoventrally, semicircular in ventral view, elevated at centre of venter, with posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part, covered with pubescence. Paramere (Fig. 32A-C) stout, expanded in middle part, weakly curved inwards at apex, outer margin not sinuate in middle part, inner margin nearly straight in basal part, covered with pubescence in middle part of outer and inner margins.</p><p>Measurements (n = 20). Body length with hemelytra 2.9-3.2 mm; maximum width across hemelytra 1.4-1.6 mm; length of antennal segments I to IV 0.2 mm, 0.1 mm, 1.2 mm and 0.7-0.8 mm, respectively; pronotal length 1.2-1.3 mm; pronotal width across paranota 0.8-1.0 mm; hemelytral length 2.2-2.5 mm; maximum width of hemelytron 0.9-1.1 mm.</p><p>Female. General habitus very similar to that of male (Figs 4D, 9D, 13D, 17D, 23D), except for the following characters: body 2.0 times as long as maximum width across hemelytra; antennal segment III shorter than in male; pronotum 1.4 times as long as maximum width across paranota; hood wider than in male; hemelytron 2.3 times as long as maximum width; maximum width across hemelytra 1.7 times as much as maximum width across paranota; subcostal area wider than in male, with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; and apical part of abdomen pentagonal in ventral view.</p><p>Measurements (n = 20). Body length with hemelytra 3.0-3.4 mm; maximum width across hemelytra 1.5-1.7 mm; length of antennal segments I to IV 0.2 mm, 0.1 mm, 1.0 mm and 0.7-0.8 mm, respectively; pronotal length 1.2-1.4 mm; pronotal width across paranota 0.9-1.0 mm; hemelytral length 2.3-2.5 mm; maximum width of hemelytron 1.0-1.1 mm.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Amongst the Japanese species of Stephanitis, S. (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov. is most similar to S. (N.) hayashii sp. nov. in general habitus, but the former is easily distinguished from the latter by the following characters: length of antennal segment IV 0.7-0.8 mm (0.6 mm in S. (N.) hayashii sp. nov.); paranotum less erect (more erect in S. (N.) hayashii sp. nov.) (Figs 7D, 8A, 9D, 10A, 11D, 12A, 13D, 14A); and paramere stout (slender in S. (N.) hayashii sp. nov.), with inner margin nearly straight in basal part (slightly curved inward in S. (N.) hayashii sp. nov.) (Figs 31C, D, 32A-C). Moreover, the partial COI gene pairwise sequence distances between both species are 0.042503-0.048201 (Suppl. material 3). Stephanitis (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov. was misidentified as S. (N.) aperta, S. (N.) exigua and S. (N.) hiurai in previous studies (Takeya 1931, 1963; Maa 1957; Miyamoto 1964a, 1964b; Takara and Azuma 1972; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Zheng and Lin 2013), as these four species are very similar to each other. However, S. (N.) ishikawai sp. nov. is easily distinguished from the three species by the following characters: rostrum reaching metasternum (not reaching in S. (N.) aperta, S. (N.) exigua and S. (N.) hiurai) (Fig. 19B, C, E, F); and hood slightly higher than median carina of pronotum at highest part (as high as S. (N.) aperta, S. (N.) exigua and S. (N.) hiurai), with posterior margin extending to middle of pronotal disc (not extending in S. (N.) aperta, S. (N.) exigua and S. (N.) hiurai) (Figs 7B, C, E, F, 8A, 9B, C, E, F, 10A, 11B, C, E, F, 12A, 13B, C, E, F, 14A, 25B, C, E, F).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Japan (Ryukyu Islands (southern part): Miyako Island, Irabu Island, Kurima Island, Ogami Island, Ishigaki Island, Iriomote Island, Yonaguni Island); Taiwan (northern part) (Fig. 47) (Takeya 1931, 1963; Maa 1957; Miyamoto 1964a, 1964b, 1964c; Takara and Azuma 1972; Azuma and Kinjo 1987; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Hayashi 2002; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Zheng and Lin 2013; Yamada and Ishikawa 2016; present study). Judging from the photographs, living individuals identified as " Stephanitis (Norba) aperta " or " S. (N.) exigua " in previous studies (Yasunaga et al. 193; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Zheng and Lin 2013) corresponded to the new species. Stephanitis (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov. inhabits the laurilignosa in a subtropical climate of the southern part of the Ryukyu Islands and northern Taiwan, which is in the Oriental Region.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The new species is named in honour of Tadashi Ishikawa, a Japanese heteropterist who collected part of paratypes and taught the author how to describe new species.</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Cinnamomum camphora, “Kusunoki” ( Lauraceae) (present study); Litsea japonica, “Hamabiwa” ( Lauraceae) (Fig. 43I) (present study); Machilus thunbergii, “Tabunoki” ( Lauraceae) (present study). Stephanitis (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov. feeds only on lauraceous trees and is oligophagous.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov. feeds on the abaxial surface of leaves of the three host plants (present study). Adults were collected in almost all seasons (Miyamoto 1964a, 1964b, 1964c; Takara and Azuma 1972; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; present study); nymphs were collected in March and November (present study).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A2B74D8666753F7AD7C78A31C6283F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Souma, Jun	Souma, Jun (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the Lauraceae - feeding species of the genus Stephanitis (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Japan. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69 (2): 219-281, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864
6D10E055B4255DE3AC49B8540B033EFB.text	6D10E055B4255DE3AC49B8540B033EFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stephanitis (Norba) mendica Horvath 1912	<div><p>Stephanitis (Norba) mendica Horvath, 1912</p><p>[Japanese name: Yabunikkei-gunbai] Figs 3B, 5B, 8B, 10B, 12B, 14B, 16B, 18B, 20A, 22A, 24A, 26A, B, 28C, 30D, 32D, 42A, B</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) mendica Horváth, 1912: 334. Syntype(s): Japan: Sakuna [= Honshu, Chiba-ken, Sakuna of former Toyofusa-mura in early 20th Century (current Tateyama-shi, Sakuna)] and Satsuma [= Kyushu, Kagoshima-ken, former Satsuma-gun in early 20th Century (current Satsumasendai-shi and Satsuma-cho)]; ELHU (not deposited), HNHM.</p><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) fasciicarina Takeya, 1931: Takara and Hidaka (1960: 188) (distribution). Misidentification.</p><p>References.</p><p>Takeya (1931: 77) (distribution); Drake (1948: 55) (checklist: Stephanitis); Takeya (1951b: 13) (checklist: Japan); Drake and Maa (1953: 100) (checklist: Stephanitis); Takeya (1953: 168) (distribution); Takeya (1963: 38) (distribution); Drake and Ruhoff (1965: 367) (catalog); Jing (1981: 346) (monograph); Miyamoto and Yasunaga (1989: 168) (checklist: Japan); Péricart and Golub (1996: 58) (catalogue: Palaearctic); Yamada and Tomokuni (2012: 205) (monograph); Yamada and Ishikawa (2016: 433) (checklist: Japan); Okochi (2019: 2) (distribution); Souma (2021d: 26) (distribution).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Non-types (186 ♂♂ 291 ♀♀ 9 nymphs), JAPAN: Honshu: Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, Shimosanagura, 22.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (19 ♂♂ 16 ♀♀ 1 nymph, TUA); Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, Tateyama, 22.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (8 ♂♂ 1 ♀ 5 nymphs); as above but 23.v.2021 (7 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, TUA); Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, Sunozaki, 23.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀); Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, Yamogi (approximate coordinates: 34°58'08.9"N, 139°53'33.4"E), 24.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (3 ♂♂ 1 nymph, ELKU; 1 ♂ 4 ♀♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Yokohama-shi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Kanazawa-ku</a>, Noukendaimori. 15.vi.2017, leg. J. Souma (45 ♂♂ 61 ♀♀, TUA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Kanagawa-ken</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Yokosuka-shi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Kamoi</a>, 27.vi.2017, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, ELKU; 38 ♂♂ 98 ♀♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Jogashima Island</a>: 4.vi.2019, leg. J. Souma (7 ♂♂ 13 ♀♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Shikoku</a>: Kochi Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Ashizuri-misaki</a>, 29.v.1999, leg. T. Befu (1 ♂, NSMT); Kochi Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Mt. Oodo</a>, 3.vi.1971, leg. M. Tomokuni (2 ♂♂ 2 nymphs, NSMT). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Kyushu</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Chikuzen</a>, Fukuoka, 27.vi.1931, leg. C. Takeya (1 ♂, ELKU; 5 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, KUM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Chikuzen</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Aburayama</a>, 6.vii.1952, leg. C. Takeya (4 ♀♀, KUM); Fukuoka, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Atagoyama</a>, 26.vi.1959, leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♂, KUM); as above but 4.viii.1961, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♀, KUM); Fukuoka, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Hirao</a>, 4.vii.1959, leg. Y. Miyatake (4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, KUM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Fukuoka-ken</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Itoshima-shi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Shimakeya</a>, 14.vi.2021, leg. J. Souma (6 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀, ELKU); Ôita Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Saiki-shi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Kamiura</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Niinameura</a>, 19.vii.2020, leg. R. Ito (1 ♂ 5 ♀♀, ELKU); Miyazaki Pref., Takanabe-chô, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Mochida</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Omarugawa</a>, 12.v.2019, leg. R. Ito (13 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, ELKU); Miyazaki Pref., Hyûga-shi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Okuragahama</a>, 1.vi.2019, leg. R. Ito (4 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, ELKU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Kagoshima-ken</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Kagoshima-shi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Shiroyama-cho</a>, 4.vii.2017, leg. J. Souma (4 ♀♀, TUA); Kagoshima Pref., Sô-shi, Sueyoshi-chô, Minaminogô, 8.vi.2019, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, ELKU); Kagoshima Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Kanoya-shi</a>, Aira-chô, Kamimyô, 7.vi.2020, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, ELKU). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Nokonoshima Island</a>: 27.vi.1987, leg. S. Miyamoto (2 ♀♀, KUM). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Ryukyu Islands</a> (northern and central parts): <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Yakushima Island</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Tabugawa</a>, 18.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (13 ♂♂ 12 ♀♀, TUA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Kusugawa</a>, 18.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (5 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, TUA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Koseda</a>, 19.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Amami-Oshima Island</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Amami-shi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Sumiyo-cho</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Ishihara</a>, 2.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Amami-shi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Kasari-cho</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Manya</a>, 3.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 12 ♀♀, TUA). Okinawa <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.89261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.96914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.89261/lat 34.96914)">Island</a>: 20.iv.1958, leg. T. Takara (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, NSMT). Eight adult specimens collected from “Yamogi”, which is adjacent to one of the type localities, “Sakuna”, match the original description of Stephanitis (Norba) mendica ( Horváth 1912). The author identified S. (N.) mendica based on these eight adults in the present study. Syntype (s) of S. (N.) mendica exist in the collection of HNHM (D. Rédei, pers. comm. 2021). Four specimens collected from Okinawa Island were recorded as " Stephanitis fasciicarina " by Takara and Hidaka (1960) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) mendica is recognised amongst other species of Stephanitis by a combination of the following characters: head, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface in various shades of brown (Figs 8B, 10B, 12B, 14B, 16B, 18B, 20A, 22A, 24A); calli light brown; body in male 2.2 times (in female 2.0 times) as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Figs 3B, 5B); rostrum reaching metasternum; pronotum unicarinate or tricarinate (Fig. 26A, B); hood pale, shorter than median carina of pronotum, wider than vertex at widest part, incompletely covering eye, higher than median carina of pronotum at highest part, with posterior margin extending to middle of pronotal disc; median carina of pronotum with 2 rows of areolae at highest part; pronotal disc opaque; paranotum more erect, not narrowed posteriorly, with 3 rows of areolae at widest part, with anterolateral angle protruding anteriad, with outer margin angularly curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height longer than height of eye (Fig. 28C); apices of hemelytra close to each other in rest; costal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area in male with 2 rows (in female with 2-3 rows) of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; R+M (radiomedial) vein not carinate; pygophore elevated at centre of venter, with posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part (Fig. 30D); and paramere stout, weakly curved inwards at apex, with outer margin not sinuate in middle part, inner margin nearly straight in basal part (Fig. 32D).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Amongst the Japanese species of Stephanitis, S. (Norba) mendica is similar to S. (N.) hiurai in general habitus, but it is easily distinguished by the following characters: hood slightly higher than median carina of pronotum at highest part (as high as in S. (N.) hiurai), with posterior margin extending middle of pronotal disc (not extending in S. (N.) hiurai) (Figs 7E, F, 8B, 9E, F, 10B, 11E, F, 12B, 13E, F, 14B, 25E, 26B); pronotal disc opaque (lustrous in S. (N.) hiurai); paranotum more erect (less erect in S. (N.) hiurai), not narrowed posteriorly (narrowed in S. (N.) hiurai), with outer margin angularly curved inwards at posterolateral angle (gently curved in S. (N.) hiurai); and R+M (radiomedial) vein in female carinate (not carinate in S. (N.) hiurai) (Figs 17E, F, 18B). The place name of one of the type localities “Sakuna” was considered to be a misspelling of “Satsuma” by Takeya (1931). However, both place names were listed together in the original description and the former is the name of an actual place in Honshu. The present author confirms the occurrence of S. (N.) mendica in “Yamogi”, adjacent to “Sakuna” (see material examined). Therefore, “Sakuna” seems to indeed correspond to one of the type localities of S. (N.) mendica .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Japan (Honshu; Jogashima Island; Shikoku; Kyushu; Nokonoshima Island; Ryukyu Islands (northern and central parts): Yakushima Island, Amami-Oshima Island, Okinawa Island) (Fig. 47) ( Horváth 1912; Takeya 1931, 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Yamada and Ishikawa 2016; present study). Judging from the description and illustration provided by Jing (1981), Chinese individuals identified as Stephanitis (Norba) mendica differ from Japanese specimens in the structure of the pronotum, suggesting that they pertain to another species. Stephanitis (N.) mendica inhabits the laurilignosa in a temperate climate of Japan proper (Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu) and its surrounding islands, which are in the Palaearctic Region.</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Cinnamomum yabunikkei H.Ohba, “Yabunikkei” ( Lauraceae) (Fig. 44A) (Takeya 1931, 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Okochi 2019; Souma 2021d; present study). Stephanitis (Norba) mendica feeds only on this lauraceous tree and is monophagous.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Stephanitis (Norba) mendica feeds on the abaxial surface of leaves of Cinnamomum yabunikkei (present study). This lace bug occurs only around “Tsuyu” (rainy season in Japan) (present study) and seems to be univoltine; adults were collected from April to August (Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Okochi 2019; Souma 2021d; present study); nymphs were collected in May and June (present study); the overwintering stage is unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D10E055B4255DE3AC49B8540B033EFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Souma, Jun	Souma, Jun (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the Lauraceae - feeding species of the genus Stephanitis (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Japan. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69 (2): 219-281, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864
4B04CE33F5E15588B8763093F75F6561.text	4B04CE33F5E15588B8763093F75F6561.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stephanitis (Stephanitis) ambigua Horvath 1912	<div><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) ambigua Horvath, 1912</p><p>[Japanese name: Yamakobashi-gunbai] Figs 2A, 4A, 7A, 9A, 11A, 13A, 15A, 17A, 19A, 21A, 23A, 25A, 27A, 29A, 31A, 33, 40A-C</p><p>Tingis pyrioides Scott, 1874: Matsumura (1905: 33) (monograph). Misidentification ( Horváth 1912: 328).</p><p>Stephanitis pyri Fabricius, 1775: Horváth (1906: 56) (monograph). Misidentification ( Horváth 1912: 328).</p><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) ambigua Horváth, 1912: 328. Syntype(s): Japan: Kanagawa [= Honshu, Kanagawa-ken] and Akashi [= Honshu, Hyogo-ken, Akashi-shi]; HNHM.</p><p>References.</p><p>Esaki and Takeya (1931: 54) (host plant); Takeya (1932: 8) (distribution); Saito (1933: 6) (distribution); Drake (1938: 197) (distribution); Drake (1948: 54) (distribution); Takeya (1951b: 9) (checklist: Japan); Drake and Maa (1953: 100) (checklist: Stephanitis); Takeya (1953: 168) (distribution); Takeya (1963: 32) (distribution); Drake and Ruhoff (1965: 354) (catalog); Lee (1967: 106) (checklist: Korea); Lee (1969: 208) (nymph, male genitalia); Jing (1981: 355) (monograph); Miyamoto and Yasunaga (1989: 168) (checklist: Japan); Takahashi (1990b: 5) (checklist: Hyogo); Péricart and Golub (1996: 59) (catalogue: Palaearctic); Tomokuni (2006b: 67) (checklist: Taiwan); Yamada and Tomokuni (2012: 205) (monograph); Yano et al. (2013: 25) (distribution); Maehara (2014: 60) (distribution); Yamada and Ishikawa (2016: 433) (checklist: Japan); Ahn et al. (2018: 64) (distribution); Ito and Sasaki (2018: 19) (checklist: Oita); Cho et al. (2020: 742) (distribution).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Non-types collected at type locality (36 ♂♂ 34 ♀♀ 2 nymphs), JAPAN: Honshu: Kanagawa-ken, Sagamihara-Shi, Midori-ku, Yoshino (approximate coordinates: 35°37'54.8"N, 139°10'11.0"E), 9.viii.2017, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂, ELKU; 30 ♂♂ 28 ♀♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Sagamihara-Shi, Midori-ku, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.01875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.545334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.01875/lat 36.545334)">Naramoto For. Rd.</a> (approximate coordinates: 35°37'48.6"N, 139°09'55.5"E), 4.ix.2020, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ 2 nymphs, TUA). 64 adult individuals recorded above, matching the original description of the species ( Horváth 1912), were collected from the type locality, “Kanagawa” [= Honshu, Kanagawa-ken (a prefecture) or Kanagawa-ku (a ward) of Yokohama-shi (a city) of Kanagawa-ken]. Identification of S. (S.) ambigua in the present work is mainly based on these 64 adults. A total of 8- 10 syntypes of S. (S.) ambigua exist in the collection of HNHM (D. Rédei, pers. comm. 2021). Non-types (26 ♂♂ 22 ♀♀ 1 abdomen missing 2 nymphs), JAPAN: Honshu: “群馬” [= Gunma-ken (approximate coordinates: 36°32'43.2"N, 139°01'07.5"E)], “20/5/914” [= 20.v.1914], “武井氏” [= leg. Takei] (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, ELHU) (Fig. 33); Nagano, Ohya, 8.viii.1959, leg. S. Miyamoto (15 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀ 1 abdomen missing 2 nymphs, KUM); Nagano, Onasawa, 21.viii.1962, leg. Y. Miyatake (5 ♂♂, KUM); Nagano, Arayasu, 7.vii.1966, leg. Y. Miyatake (4 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, KUM). Shikoku: Kagawa-ken, Takamatsu-shi, Nishiueta-cho, Donguri Land, Fujio Shrine, 4.vi.2020, leg. Y. Waki (2 ♀♀, TUA). Kyushu: Bungo, Sobosan, 20.vii.1930, leg. Fujino &amp; Yasumatsu (1 ♀, ELKU). Four specimens deposited in ELHU were labeled with an inscription of “Matsumura” (deposited in Matsumura’s collection) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) ambigua is recognised amongst other species of Stephanitis by a combination of the following characters: head, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral in various shades of brown (Figs 7A, 9A, 11A, 13A, 15A, 17A, 19A, 21A, 23A); calli light brown; body 1.8 times as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Figs 2A, 4A); rostrum reaching metasternum; pronotum tricarinate (Fig. 25A); hood pale, shorter than median carina of pronotum, wider than maximum width of head across eyes, completely covering eye, slightly higher than median carina of pronotum at highest part, with posterior margin extending to middle of pronotal disc; median carina of pronotum with 3 rows of areolae at highest part; pronotal disc opaque; paranotum more erect, not narrowed posteriorly, with 4 rows of areolae at widest part, with anterolateral angle protruding anteriad, with outer margin angularly curved inward at posterolateral angle, maximum height longer than height of eye (Fig. 27A); apices of hemelytra separated from each other in rest; costal area with 5 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area with 2 rows of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 4 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; R+M (radiomedial) vein carinate; pygophore flat at centre of venter, with posterior margin emarginate in middle part (Fig. 29A); and paramere stout, weakly curved inwards at apex, with outer margin sinuate in middle part, inner margin not curved in basal part (Fig. 31A).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Amongst the Japanese species of Stephanitis, S. (Stephanitis) ambigua is similar to S. (S.) nashi Esaki &amp; Takeya, 1931, which feeds on deciduous rosaceous trees (Esaki and Takeya 1931; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012), in its general habitus. However, the former is easily distinguished from the latter by the following characters: hood wider than maximum width of head across eyes (as wide as vertex at widest part in S. (S.) nashi), completely covering eye (not covering in S. (S.) nashi) (Figs 7A, 9A, 25A); costal area of hemelytron with 5 rows of areolae at widest part (4 rows in S. (S.) nashi) (Figs 15A, 17A); and hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length (2 rows in basal part and a single row in remaining parts in S. (S.) nashi).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Japan (Honshu; Shikoku; Kyushu) (Fig. 45); China; Korea (Esaki and Takeya 1931; Takeya 1932, 1963; Drake 1938, 1948; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Yamada and Ishikawa 2016). A record from Taiwan (Drake 1948) does not list any examined specimen and appears to be erroneous. In Japan, Stephanitis (Stephanitis) ambigua inhabits deciduous broad-leaved forests in the temperate climatic zone of Japan proper (pertaining to the Palaearctic Region).</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Lindera erythrocarpa Makino, “Kanakuginoki” (Cho et al. 2020); L. glauca (Siebold et Zucc.) Blume, “Yamakobashi” ( Lauraceae) (Fig. 43A) (Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; present study); L. obtusiloba Blume, “Dankobai” (Esaki and Takeya 1931; Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012); L. triloba (Siebold et Zucc.) Blume, “Shiromoji” (Takeya 1963). Stephanitis (Stephanitis) ambigua feeds only on lauraceous trees and is oligophagous.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) ambigua feeds on the abaxial surface of leaves of the three host plants in Japan (present study). In Japan, adults were collected in almost all seasons (Takeya 1953; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Yano et al. 2013; Maehara 2014; present study), whereas nymphs were collected in August and September (present study). The overwintering stage is the adult (Maehara 2014). One of the natural enemies of this lace bug is Stethoconus japonicus Schumacher, 1917 ( Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae) (Maehara 2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B04CE33F5E15588B8763093F75F6561	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Souma, Jun	Souma, Jun (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the Lauraceae - feeding species of the genus Stephanitis (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Japan. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69 (2): 219-281, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864
6FDD30BF5F045A71AEC66BC6030C719E.text	6FDD30BF5F045A71AEC66BC6030C719E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tabidula Horvath 1912	<div><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tabidula Horvath, 1912</p><p>[Japanese name: Kusu-gunbai] Figs 3C, D, 5C, D, 8C, D, 10C-E, 12C, D, 14C-E, 16C, D, 18C, D, 20B, 22B, 24B, 26C, D, 28D, 30E, F, 32E, F, 37A, 38, 42C-G</p><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tabidula Horváth, 1912: 333. Syntype(s): Japan: Kanagawa [Honshu, Kanagawa-ken (a prefecture) or Kanagawa-ku (a ward) of Yokohama-shi (a city) of Kanagawa-ken]; HNHM.</p><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) fasciicarina Takeya, 1931: 70: Holotype, ♂: Japan: Kyushu, Chikuzen, Akama [= Kyushu, Fukuoka-ken, Munakata-shi, Akama]; ELKU (not found, mislabeling of paratype collected at type locality?). New subjective synonym.</p><p>Stephanitis kyushuana Drake, 1948: 52: Holotype, ♂: Japan: Kyushu, Moje [= Kyushu, Fukuoka-ken, Kitakyushu-shi, Moji-ku]; USNM. Synonymised with Stephanitis (Stephanitis) fasciicarina Takeya, 1931 by Takeya (1951b: 11).</p><p>References.</p><p>Drake and Poor (1937: 403) (distribution); Drake (1948: 56) (checklist: Stephanitis); Takeya (1951b: 12) (checklist: Japan); Drake and Maa (1953: 101) (checklist: Stephanitis); Takara and Hidaka (1960: 188) (distribution); Takeya (1963: 42) (distribution: part); Miyamoto (1964a: 275) (checklist: Ryukyu Islands); Drake and Ruhoff (1965: 363) (catalog); Miyamoto (1965: 91) (monograph); Lee (1969: 215) (nymph, male genitalia); Miyamoto (1976: 497) (distribution); Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology (1980: 194) (pest); Jing (1981: 353) (monograph); Tomokuni (1981: 109) (distribution); Tomokuni (1985: 156) (distribution); Miyamoto and Yasunaga (1989: 168) (checklist: Japan); Yasunaga et al. (1993: 178) (monograph); Péricart and Golub (1996: 63) (catalogue: Palaearctic); Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology (2006: 250) (pest); Tomokuni and Hayashi (2006: 293) (distribution); Miyamoto (2008: 157) (monograph); Yamada and Tomokuni (2012: 208) (monograph: part); Yano et al. (2013: 25) (distribution); Maehara (2014: 60) (distribution); Yamada and Ishikawa (2016: 434) (checklist: Japan); Ahn et al. (2018: 65) (distribution); Okochi (2019: 3) (distribution); Cho et al. (2020: 742) (distribution); Souma (2021b: 31) (distribution).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Non-types collected at type locality of S. (S.) tabidula Horváth, 1912 (77 ♂♂ 69 ♀♀ 8 nymphs), JAPAN: Honshu: Kanagawa-ken, Sagamihara-shi, Chuo-ku, Tanashioda (approximate coordinates: 35°32'03.6"N, 139°20'57.7"E), 19.v.2019, leg. J. Souma (43 ♂♂ 22 ♀♀ 8 nymphs, TUA); as above but 25.v.2019 (4 ♂♂, ELKU; 22 ♂♂ 31 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 25.ii.2020, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 12 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 17.xi.2021 (3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA); "Mt. Ohokusu" [= Kanagawa-ken, Yokosuka-shi, Ashina, Mt. Ogusu (approximate coordinates: 35°15'00.8"N, 139°37'40.6"E)], 7.viii.1973, leg. K. B. S. (1 ♂, KPMNH); “三崎” [= Kanagawa-ken, Miura-shi, Misaki (approximate coordinates: 35°08'31.5"N, 139°36'55.1"E)], “21-18/4/1911” [= 18-21.iv.1911], “Matsumra” (collected by Shonen Matsumura and/or deposited in Matsumura’s collection) (1 ♂ 1 ♀, ELHU) (Fig. 38); Kanagawa-ken, Oiso-machi, Terasaka, Nagayama, 9.vi.1991, leg. M. Enju (1 ♂, TUA); Kanagawa Pref., Ashigarashimo-gun, Manazuru-hantou, 11.xi.2000, leg. S. Nagashima (1 ♂, TUA). The type locality of Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tabidula is “Kanagawa” [= Honshu, Kanagawa-ken (a prefecture) or Kanagawa-ku (a ward) of Yokohama-shi (a city) of Kanagawa-ken] and the 146 adult individuals recorded above match the original description of the species ( Horváth 1912). The author identified S. (S.) tabidula based on the 146 adults in the present study. Paratypes of S. (S.) fasciicarina Takeya, 1931 collected at type locality (40 ♂ 45 ♀♀, ELKU; 1 ♀, KUM) (Fig. 37A), JAPAN: Kyushu: "Chikuzen Akama" [= Fukuoka-ken, Munakata-shi, Akama (approximate coordinates: 33°48'26.1"N, 130°35'31.2"E)], 31.v.1931, leg. C. Takeya. The male holotype of S. (S.) fasciicarina is currently missing (Souma 2021b). However, the labels shown in Fig. 37A were created after the original description (T. Mita, pers. comm. 2021). As mentioned in the section below, some of the non-types were labelled as “paratype” . Therefore, since labelling errors are suspected to have occurred for some of the type specimens, one of the 40 male paratypes collected at the type locality recorded above may correspond to the holotype. Paratypes of S. (S.) fasciicarina (59 ♂♂ 46 ♀♀, ELKU), JAPAN: Honshu: "Nagato Shimonoseki" [= Yamaguchi-ken, Shimonoseki-shi (approximate coordinates: 33°57'09.1"N, 130°55'16.8"E)], 22.viii.1930, leg. K. Yasumatsu (8 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀). Kyushu: “Fukuoka” [= Fukuoka-ken (a prefecture) or Fukuoka-shi (a city) of Fukuoka-ken (approximate coordinates: 33°35'06.7"N, 130°22'43.4"E)], 14.v.1930, leg. C. Takeya (7 ♂♂ 1 ♀♀); as above but 21.v.1930 (6 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀); as above, but 22.v.1930 (21 ♂♂ 14 ♀♀); as above, but 30.vi.1930 (1 ♂ 1 ♀); as above but 7.vii.1930 (16 ♂♂ 18 ♀♀). Although the labels of the 105 specimens were created after (T. Mita, pers. comm. 2021), their locality data match that of the original description of S. (S.) fasciicarina (Takeya 1931). Non-types collected at type locality of S. (S.) fasciicarina (4 ♀♀, TUA), JAPAN: Kyushu: Fukuoka-ken, Munakata-shi, Akama (approximate coordinates: 33°48'26.1"N, 130°35'31.2"E), 26.ix.2021, leg. J. Souma. Non-types collected at type locality of S. (S.) kyushuana Drake, 1948 (1 ♀, TUA), JAPAN: Kyushu: Fukuoka-ken, Kitakyushu-shi, Moji-ku, Motokiyotaki (approximate coordinates: 33°56'18.9"N, 130°57'42.7"E), 16.ix.2022, leg. J. Souma. Non-types (518 ♂♂ 653 ♀♀ 60 nymphs), JAPAN: Honshu: Miyagi-ken, Oshika-gun, Onagawa-cho, Kirigasaki, 20.ix.2020, leg. H. Konno (2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA); Miyagi-ken, Miyagi-gun, Rifu-cho, Akanuma, Tanbazawa, 22.ix.2020, leg. H. Konno (1 ♀, TUA); Ibaraki, Chôshi, 15.vi.1981, leg. M. Miyazaki (13 ♂♂ 24 ♀♀ 1 nymph, NIAES); Tochigi Pref., Uchino, Watarase-yusuichi, 29.v.2001, leg. S. Maehara (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA); as above but 5.xi.2012 (1 ♂, TUA); Tochigi, Simotsuke City, Motoyoshida, 12.x.2013, leg. S. Maehara (2 ♀♀, TUA); as above, but 28.xi.2016 (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀); as above but 12.xi.2019 (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA); as above, but 15.x.2020 (4 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Saitama Pref., Nihongi Pass, 3.vii.1984, leg. M. Hayashi et al. (1 ♂, TUA); Saitama-ken, Iruma-gun, Moroyama-machi, Takinoiri, Shobo-goya, 28.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, TUA); Saitama-ken, Iruma-gun, Moroyama-machi, Takinoiri, Kanikusa-hashi, 28.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (8 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, TUA); Tokyo, 22.viii.1949, leg. R. Takahashi (1 ♂ 1 ♀, ELKU); Chiba, Tateyama, Susaki, 11.x.2001, leg. M. Tomokuni (5 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, NSMT); Tokyo, Kiyosumi-koen, 24.vi.1972, leg. H. Hasegawa (11 ♂♂ 22 ♀♀, NIAES); Niigata-ken, Kitakanbara-gu, Seiro-machi, Mano, 14-15.vi.2013, leg. K. Nakano (1 ♂, TUA); Niigata-ken, Murakami-shi, Kashio, 13.vi.2015, leg. K. Nakano (1 ♂ 4 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 1.x.2016, leg. K. Nakano (1 ♂ 4 ♀♀, TUA); Niigata-ken, Niigata-shi, Nishi-ku, Igarashi-2no-cho, 19.vii.2015, leg. K. Nakano (1 ♀, TUA); Niigata-ken, Kariwa-gun, Kariwa-mura, Takiya, 13.vi.2021, leg. G. Mashima (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Niigata-ken, Kashiwazaki-shi, Miyagawa, 13.vi.2021, leg. G. Mashima (2 ♂♂, TUA); Ishikawa, Sekidoyama, 2.viii.1960, leg. T. Hidaka (1 ♀, ELKU); Fukui Pref., Otomi, 12.vii.1981, leg. O. Kishimoto (1 ♀, KUM); Fukui Pref., Mt. Aoba, 20.ix.1981, leg. O. Kishimoto (1 ♀, KUM); Mino, Utsumi, 21.x.1952, leg. Yasumatu (1 ♂ 1 ♀, ELKU); Izu, Kuren, 16.x.1952, leg. Yasumatsu (3 ♀♀, ELKU); Izu, Suzaki, 30.ix.1980, leg. M. Tomokuni (7 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, NSMT); Izu, Ohno-yama, nr. Ohsawa, 1.x.1980, leg. M. Tomokuni (3 ♀♀, NSMT); Shizuoka-ken, Hamamatsu-shi, Nishi-ku, Kamigaya-cho, 16.vi.2017, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Aichi-ken, Kitashitara-gun, Shitara-cho, Taguchi, 17.vi.2017, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Mie Pref., Oosugidani, 11.viii.1970, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♂, NSMT); Mie Pref., Ise-shi, Shimogu, 1.xi.2000, leg. T. Ishikawa (1 ♀, TUA); Kyoto Pref., Kurama-Kibune, 12.vii.1970, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♀, NSMT); Osaka Pref., Higashi-Sumiyoshi, Nagai, 2.vi.1985, leg. T. Kishimoto (1 ♀, TUA); Kobe, 29.v.1941, leg. Kurosa (1 ♂, ELKU); Tajima, Sekinomiya, 8.vii.1952, leg. R. Morimoto (7 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, ELKU); Hyogo-ken, Kobe-shi, Suma-ku, Higashisuma, 8.x.2022, leg. J. Souma (3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA); Yamato, Nara, 14.x.1951, leg. C. Takeya (3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, ELKU); as above but 16.x.1951 (23 ♂♂ 30 ♀♀, ELKU; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, KUM); Prov. Kii, Wakayama, 15.x.1951, leg. S. Goto (2 ♀♀, ELKU); Wakayama, Nachi-Irokawa, 2.ix.1998, leg. leg. S. Gotoh (1 ♂, NSMT); Okayama-ken, Okayama-shi, Kita-ku, Heidan, 20.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Yamaguchi-ken, Yamaguchi-shi, Atou, Shinome, 25.x.2008, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♀, TUA); Yamaguchi-ken, Shimonoseki-shi, Hon-machi, 24.ix.2022, leg. J. Souma (6 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA). Tashiro Island: Shikishima, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Manga Island</a>, 10.xi.2019, leg. H. Konno (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Sado Island</a>: Kitaikari, 26.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Kubota, 27.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (2 ♀♀, TUA); Ishida, 27.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, TUA); Anyoji, 28.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Kujikawachi, 29.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Kawasaki, 29.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (3 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Awa Island</a>: Uramura, Uchiura, 3.x.2021, leg. J. Souma (9 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Izu Islands</a> (northern part): Izu-Oshima Island: Kasamatsu, 4.x.2002, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, NSMT). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Awaji Island</a>: Fukura, 29.ix.1972, leg. M. Tomokuni &amp; M. Sakai (1 ♀, NSMT); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Mt. Mikuma</a>, 30.ix.1972, leg. M. Tomokuni &amp; M. Sakai (1 ♀, NSMT). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Oki Islands</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Dogo Island</a>: Saigo-cho, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Mt. Daimanji</a>, 12.ix.1984, leg. M. Tomokuni (3 ♀♀, NSMT). Shikoku: Tokushima-ken, Tokushima-shi, Bizan-cho, Mosukegahara, 2.x.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); "Sanuki Wada-mura" [= Kagawa-ken, Kannonji-shi, Toyohama-cho, Wada], 10.vi.1930, leg. M. Hanada (2 ♂ 3 ♀♀, ELKU; 1 ♀, KUM); Tosa, Yamakita-mura, 10.xi.1951, leg. K. Yasumatsu (3 ♂♂ 2 ♀, ELKU); Ehime P., Matsuyama C., 25.x.1972, leg. H. Hasegawa (11 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ 4 nymphs, NIAES). Kyushu: as paratype collected at type locality (1 nymph, ELKU); Fukuoka, Hirao, 22.x.1931, leg. Fujino &amp; Hashimoto (1 ♀, ELKU); as above but 16.x.1932, leg. T. Shrozu (1 ♂ 1 ♀, ELKU); as above but 3.vi.1951, leg. Matsuda (1 ♀, ELKU); as above but 21.vi.1957, leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♀, KUM); Chikuzen, Inunakiyama, 25.x.1931, leg. K. Yasumatsu (1 ♀, KUM); as above, but 15.vi.1969, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♀, KUM); Chikuzen, Tsutsugatake, 6.xii.1931, leg. C. Takeya (1 ♂ 14 ♀♀, ELKU); Tikuzen, Kyûdai-Kasuya-Ensyûrin, 20-22.vi.1944, leg. S. Ito (1 ♀, ELKU); Buzen, Hikosan, 12.vii.1948, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♀, KUM); as above, but 5.viii.1951, leg. C. Takeya (5 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, ELKU); as above, but 6.viii.1951, leg. C. Takeya (8 ♂♂ 15 ♀♀, ELKU); as above but 15.vii.1958, leg. Y. Miyatake (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, KUM); as above, but 6.vi.1959, leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♂, KUM); as above but 7.vi.1959, leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♀, KUM); as above, but 14.vi.1959 (3 ♀♀, KUM); as above, but 14.vi.1959, leg. K. Yasumatsu (1 ♀, ELKU); Chikugo, Korasan, 25.vii.1951, leg. C. Takeya (3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, ELKU); as above, but 7.viii.1951, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♂ 1 ♀, ELKU); as above, but 1.ix.1951, leg. C. Takeya (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, ELKU); as above but 26.v.1953 (4 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, ELKU); Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Korasan, 25.vii.1951, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, KUM); as above but 7.viii.1951 (2 ♀♀, KUM); as above, but 11.vi.1961 (3 ♀, KUM); Chikuzen, Fukuoka, 27.vii.1951, leg. C. Takeya (6 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, ELKU); Chikuzen, Narutake-yama, 19.viii.1951, leg. Y. Hirashima (1 ♀, ELKU); as above but 8.vi.1961, leg. C. Takeya (1 ♀, ELKU); Fukuoka, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Mt. Kumado</a>, 23.viii.1952, leg. S. Miyamoto (4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, ELKU; 9 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀ 5 nymphs, KUM); Aburayama, 28.viii.1952, leg. C. Takeya (1 ♀, ELKU); as above, but 5.v.1961, leg. S. Miyamoto (5 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀ 17 nymphs, KUM); as above, but 11.v.1961, leg. S. Miyamoto (16 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀, KUM); as above, but 4.vi.1961, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♀, KUM); Fukuoka, Magarifuchi, 23.ix.1952, leg. C. Takeya (6 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, ELKU); as above, but 16.vii.1961, leg. S. Miyamoto (3 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, KUM); Chikuzen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Mt. Kosho</a>, 14.vi.1953, leg. C. Takeya (1 ♀, ELKU); Chikugo, Himeharu, 3.vi.1954, leg. Gyotoku (3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, ELKU); Fukuoka, Sasayama, ix.1954, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, KUM); Fukuoka, Gokoku Shrine, 5.ix.1959, leg. S. Miyamoto (39 ♂♂ 36 ♀♀, KUM); as above, but 24.vii.1961 (9 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, KUM); Fukuoka, Kashii, 6.ix.1959, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♀, KUM); as above, but 2.xi.1961 (1 ♂, KUM); Fukuoka, Nogochi, 16.vi.1961, leg. S. Miyamoto (13 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀ 3 nymphs, KUM); Fukuoka, Tachibanayama, 23.vii.1961, leg. S. Miyamoto (2 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, KUM); Fukuoka, 24.vii.1961, leg. S. Miyamoto (2 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, KUM); Fukuoka, Atagoyama, 4.viii.1961, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♂ 1 ♀, KUM); Fukuoka, Hakozaki, Kyushu University, 12.viii.1961, leg. S. Miyamoto (134 ♂♂ 124 ♀♀ 14 nymphs, KUM); Fukuoka, Kanetake, 13.ix.1969, leg. S. Miyamoto (5 ♂♂ 12 nymphs, KUM); Fukuoka, Kamado Shrine, 27.ix.1977, leg. S. Miyamoto (2 ♂♂, KUM); as above, but 5.xi.1977 (1 ♀, KUM); Fukuoka, Tenmangu, 6.x.1977, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♀, KUM); Fukuoka-ken, Munakata-shi, Yamada, 28.viii.2017, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Fukuoka-ken, Fukuoka-shi, Nishi-ku, Motooka, Kyushu University, 23.v.2020, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, ELKU); as above, but 21.ix.2020 (3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, ELKU); Fukuoka-ken, Fukuoka-shi, Nishi-ku, Kusaba, 24.v.2020, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, ELKU); Fukuoka-ken, Itoshima-shi, Shimanokita, 24.v.2020, leg. J. Souma (14 ♂♂ 28 ♀♀, ELKU); Fukuoka-ken, Fukuoka-shi, Sawara-ku, Itaya, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Mt. Sefuri</a>, 30.v.2020, leg. S. Yagi (1 ♀, ELKU); Fukuoka-ken, Dazaifu-shi, Kitadani, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Mt. Homan</a>, 4.vi.2020, leg. J. Souma (7 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀, ELKU; 1 ♂ 4 ♀♀, TUA); Fukuoka-ken, Kasuya-gun, Sasaguri-machi, Tsubakuro, 5.vi.2020, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Fukuoka-ken, Itoshima-shi, Nijofukui, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Nijo Forest</a> Park, 20.vi.2020, leg. S. Chuman (4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA); Fukuoka-ken, Tagawa-gun, Soeda-machi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Mt. Hikosan</a>, 21.vi.2020, leg. J. Souma (3 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 20.vi.2020, leg. S. Yagi (1 ♀, ELKU); Fukuoka-ken, Itoshima-shi, Tomari, 29.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, ELKU); as above, but 10.vii.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, TUA); Saga Pref., Fujitsu-gun, Tara-cho, Oura, Ushioro, alt. 100 m, 12.vii.2021, leg. M. Nishida (1 ♂, ELKU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Hizen</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Kunimiyama</a>, 16.vi.1950, leg. T. Shrozu (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Higo</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Yatsushiro</a>, 8.x.1953, leg. C. Takeya (1 ♀, ELKU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Kumamoto</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Yuyama</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Mt. Ichifusa</a>, 5.viii.1985, leg. M. Miyazaki (3 ♀♀, NIAES); as above, but 6.viii.1985 (2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, NIAES); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Bungo</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Tsukumi</a>, 29.vii.1951, leg. R. Matsuda (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, ELKU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Bungo</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Hachiya</a>, 11.x.1951, leg. S. Nakao (1 ♀, KUM); Ôita Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Saiki-shi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Ume</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Minamitabaru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Takadoya-jinja</a>, 26.v.2019, leg. R. Ito (1 ♂, TUA); Oita Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Saeki-shi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Ume</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Kitagawa</a> dam, 25-26.v.2019, leg. N. Tsuji &amp; S. Imada (1 ♀, TUA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Hyuga</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Takaoka</a>, 25.viii.1952, leg. A. Ema (6 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀, ELKU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Hyuga</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Mt. Kirishima</a>, 12.ix.1952, leg. Nakao &amp; Ogata (1 ♂, ELKU); Miyazaki Pref., Hinokage-chô, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Mt. Tansuke-dake</a>, 1.vi.2019, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, TUA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Miyazaki-ken</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Higashimorokata-gun</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Aya-cho</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Takeno</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Omoridake For. Rd.</a>, 8.x.2021, leg. T. Saeki (1 ♂, ELKU); Kagoshima Pref., Mianmiôsumi-chô, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Sata</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Hetsuka</a>, 30.v.2020, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Nokonoshima Island</a>: 27.vi.1987, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♀, KUM). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Tsushima Island</a>: Izuhara-Sasutôge, 7.vi.1941, leg. T. Shirôzu (1 ♀, ELKU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Izuhara</a>, 31.x.1962, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♀, ELKU; 1 ♂, KUM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Mt. Ariake</a>, 12.vii.1968, leg. S. Miyamoto &amp; A. Nakanishi (1 ♀, KUM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Observatory</a>, 28.viii.1988, leg. S.+ K. M. (1 ♀, KUM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Kuda</a>, 29.viii.1988, leg. S. + K. M. (1 ♂ 1 ♀, KUM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Kamiagata-cho</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Sago</a>, 6.ix.2017, leg. J. Souma (5 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 8.ix.2017 (3 ♀♀, TUA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Izuhara-cho</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Tsutsu</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Mount Tatera</a>, 7.ix.2017, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, TUA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Kamiagata-machi</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Mt. Konoki-yama</a>, 8.ix.2017, leg. T. Ishikawa (11 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ 3 nymphs, TUA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Mitsushima-machi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Kechi</a>, 8.ix.2017, leg. J. Souma (12 ♂♂ 17 ♀♀, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Iki Island</a>: Gônoura-chô, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Katabaruhure</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Takenotsuji</a>, 16-18.vii.2016, leg. R. Ito (1 ♂, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Amakusa Islands</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Shimoshima Island</a>: “Kakuyama” [= Miyajidake-machi, Mt. Kakuyama], 18.ix.1931, leg. H. Hori (1 ♂ 1 ♀, ELKU). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Goto Islands</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Fukue Island</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Miiraku-Kahara</a>, 4.viii.1933, leg. T. Shirozu (2 ♀, KUM). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Ryukyu Islands</a> (northern part): <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Yakushima Island</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Kosugidani</a>, 23.viii.1952, leg. C. Takeya &amp; Y. Hirashima (2 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, ELKU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Koseda</a>, 21.ix.2013, leg. N. Tsuji (1 ♀, ELKU). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Eight</a> specimens from "Sanuki Wada-mura" and “Kakuyama” were labelled as “paratype” of S. (S.) fasciicarina . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">However</a>, their labels were created subsequently (T. Mita, pers. comm. 2021) and the locality data of these eight individuals do not match those of the original description of S. (S.) fasciicarina (Takeya 1931). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.96185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.938583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.96185/lat 33.938583)">Therefore</a>, the eight specimens do not seem to have paratype status. Four specimens from “Tachibanayama” were identified as " S. (N.) aperta possessing lateral carina" in a previous study (Takeya 1963) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tabidula is recognised amongst other species of Stephanitis by a combination of the following characters: head, calli, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface in various shades of brown (Figs 8C, D, 10C-E, 12C, D, 14C-E, 16C, D, 18C, D, 20B, 22B, 24B); body in male 2.1 times (in female 2.0 times) as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Figs 3C, D, 5C, D); rostrum not reaching metasternum; pronotum unicarinate or tricarinate (Fig. 26C, D); hood pale, shorter than median carina of pronotum, as wide as or wider than vertex at widest part, not or incompletely covering eye, as high as median carina of pronotum at highest part, with posterior margin not extending to middle of pronotal disc; median carina of pronotum with 2 rows of areolae at highest part; pronotal disc opaque; paranotum more erect, slightly narrowed posteriorly, with 3 rows of areolae at widest part, anterolateral angle protruding anteriad, outer margin gently curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height longer than height of eye (Fig. 28D); apices of hemelytra close to each other in rest; costal area with 3-5 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area in male with 2 rows (in female with 2-3 rows) of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; R+M (radiomedial) vein carinate; pygophore elevated at centre of venter, with posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part (Fig. 30E, F); and paramere stout, strongly curved inwards at apex, with outer margin not sinuate in middle part, inner margin nearly straight in basal part (Fig. 32E, F).</p><p>Intraspecific variation.</p><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) fasciicarina (including its junior synonym S. (S.) kyushuana) was previously distinguished from S. (S.) tabidula by the following characters (Takeya 1931; Drake 1948): body larger (smaller in S. (S.) tabidula); antennal segment III less than 2.0 times as long as antennal segment IV (2.0 times in S. (S.) tabidula); anterior margin of hood extending beyond clypeus (slightly extending in S. (S.) tabidula); markings on hemelytron indistinct (distinct in S. (S.) tabidula); and costal area with 4 rows of areolae at widest part (3 rows in S. (S.) tabidula). The author’s examination of 1,496 adults from various localities in Japan, including the type localities of S. (S.) tabidula and S. (S.) fasciicarina, together with the photographs of the holotype of S. (S.) kyushuana (United States National Museum of Natural History 2021) revealed that no other significant differences in the external morphology could be found between the two forms and these characters have considerable intraspecific variability, with transitional individuals between the extreme forms (Figs 3C, D, 5C, D, 8C, D, 10C-E, 12C, D, 14C-E, 16C, D, 18C, D, 20B, 22B, 24B, 26C, D, 30E, F, 32E, F, 32D, E, 37A, 38, 42C-F). In addition, the partial COI gene pairwise sequence distances between the two forms from the vicinity of the type localities of S. (S.) tabidula and S. (S.) fasciicarina (Suppl. material 2) were only 0.001321-0.003973 (Suppl. material 3). Furthermore, the Bayesian tree (Fig. 1), based on the partial COI gene, shows that the two forms are monophyletic with a high posterior probability. In conclusion, S. (S.) tabidula and S. (S.) fasciicarina are currently impossible to distinguish, based on morphological and molecular data either at the species or subspecies level. Therefore, the following new subjective synonymy is proposed: Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tabidula Horváth, 1912 = Stephanitis (Stephanitis) fasciicarina Takeya, 1931 syn. nov.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tabidula and S. (Norba) aperta are distributed in the same regions and feed on the same host plants (Takeya 1963; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; present study), but the former can be readily distinguished by the tricarinate pronotum (unicarinate in S. (N.) aperta) (Figs 7B, 8C, D, 9B, 10C, E, 25B, 26C, D). However, individuals of S. (S.) tabidula rarely have an unicarinate pronotum (Fig. 10D). Such specimens, although they strongly resemble S. (N.) aperta in general habitus, can still be easily differentiated from the latter species by the following characteristics: paranotum more erect (less erect in S. (N.) aperta), slightly narrowed posteriorly (narrowed in S. (N.) aperta), with maximum height longer than height of eye (shorter in S. (N.) aperta) (Figs 11B, 13B, 14D, 27B, 28D); and apex of paramere strongly curved inwards (slightly curved in S. (N.) aperta) (Figs 31B, 32E).</p><p>Teratological form.</p><p>As mentioned in the above section, Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tabidula rarely has a unicarinate pronotum (Figs 10D, 14D).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Japan (Honshu; Izu Islands (northern part): Izu-Oshima Island; Tashiro Island; Sado Island; Awa Island; Awaji Island; Oki Islands: Dogo Island; Shikoku; Kyushu; Nokonoshima Island; Tsushima Island; Iki Island; Amakusa Islands: Shimoshima Island; Goto Islands: Fukue Island; Ryukyu Islands (northern part): Yakushima Island) (Fig. 48); southern Korea ( Horváth 1912; Takeya 1931, 1963; Takara and Hidaka 1960; Miyamoto 1976; Tomokuni 1985; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Tomokuni and Hayashi 2006; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Yamada and Ishikawa 2016; Ahn et al. 2018; present study). Judging from the description and illustration (Jing 1981), the Chinese population differs from the Japanese population in the structure of the pronotum and seems to correspond to another species. According to the present author’s examination, the specimens previously recorded from Okinawa Island (the central part of the Ryukyu Islands) (Takara and Hidaka 1960) correspond to Stephanitis (Norba) mendica . Judging from the photographs and specimens, the previous records from the southern part of the Izu Islands (Takeya 1963; Tomokuni and Ishikawa 2002; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012) correspond to S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov., described below. In Japan, S. (S.) tabidula inhabits the laurilignosa in a temperate climate of Japan proper (Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu) and its surrounding islands and the northern part of Izu and Ryukyu Islands, which is located in the Palaearctic Region.</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Cinnamomum camphora, “Kusunoki” ( Lauraceae) (Fig. 44D) (Takeya 1963; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; present study); C. yabunikkei, “Yabunikkei” (Yasunaga et al. 1993; present study); Laurus nobilis L., “Gekkeiju” ( Lauraceae) (Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012); Neolitsea sericea, “Shirodamo” (Fig. 44C) (Takeya 1963; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Okochi 2019; present study); Machilus japonica Siebold et Zucc. ex Blume, “Aogashi” or “Hosobatabu” ( Lauraceae) (Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Okochi 2019; present study); M. thunbergii, “Tabunoki” (Fig. 44B) (Takeya 1963; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Okochi 2019; present study). Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tabidula feeds only on lauraceous trees and is oligophagous. This lace bug sometimes occurs on plantings of C. camphora and M. thunbergii in its distribution range (present study). This tingid species has been known to be a pest of C. camphora (Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology 1980, 2006) and occasionally also causes harm on M. thunbergii .</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tabidula feeds on the abaxial surface of leaves of the five host plants in Japan (present study). In Japan, adults were collected in almost all seasons (Takeya 1931; Miyamoto 1976; Tomokuni 1981, 1985; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Tomokuni and Hayashi 2006; Yano et al. 2013; Okochi 2019; present study); nymphs were collected from May to July and in September and October (present study); the overwintering stage is the adult (present study).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6FDD30BF5F045A71AEC66BC6030C719E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Souma, Jun	Souma, Jun (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the Lauraceae - feeding species of the genus Stephanitis (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Japan. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69 (2): 219-281, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864
180143158D8F524CA21EDEE37007513E.text	180143158D8F524CA21EDEE37007513E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stephanitis (Stephanitis) takeyai Drake & Maa 1955	<div><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) takeyai Drake &amp; Maa, 1955</p><p>[Japanese name: Tosaka-gunbai] Figs 3E, 5E, 6B, 8E, 10F, 12E, 14F, 16E, 18E, 20C, 22C, 24C, 26E, 28E, 30G, 32G, 37B, 42H-J</p><p>Tingis globurifera Matsumura, 1905: 36 (junior primary homonym of Tingis globurifera Walker, 1873). Lectotype by subsequent designation (Tomokuni 1994: 842), ♂ (Fig. 37B): Japan: Gifu [= Honshu, Gifu-ken]; ELHU.</p><p>Stephanitis globurifera: Matsumura (1907: 148) (new combination).</p><p>Stephanitis takeyai Drake &amp; Maa, 1955: 10. New name for Stephanitis globurifera (Matsumura, 1905).</p><p>References.</p><p>Horváth (1912: 330) (distribution); Drake (1923: 104) (distribution); Takeya (1930: 72) (host plant); Drake and Poor (1937: 403) (distribution); Drake (1948: 55) (checklist: Stephanitis); Bailey (1950: 148) (invasion); Takeya (1951b: 11) (checklist: Japan); Drake and Maa (1953: 100) (checklist: Stephanitis); Takeya (1953: 168) (distribution); Takeya (1963: 50) (distribution); Drake and Ruhoff (1965: 364) (catalog); Miyamoto (1965: 91) (monograph); Lee (1969: 226) (nymph, male genitalia); Tomokuni (1981: 109) (distribution); Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology (1980: 134) (pest); Tomokuni (1985: 156) (distribution); Ichita (1989: 33) (distribution); Miyamoto and Yasunaga (1989: 168) (checklist: Japan); Takahashi (1990a: 28) (checklist: Hyogo); Yasunaga et al. (1993: 179) (monograph); Tsukada (1994: 221) (biology); Péricart and Golub (1996: 63) (catalogue: Palaearctic); Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology (2006: 183) (pest); Miyatake (2006: 27) (host plant); Miyamoto (2008: 158) (monograph); Tsukada (2008: 349) (biology); Yamada and Tomokuni (2012: 208) (monograph); Vétek et al. (2012: 22) (distribution); Aukema et al. (2013: 72) (checklist: Palaearctic); Yano et al. (2013: 26) (distribution); Maehara (2014: 61) (distribution); Barta and Bideň (2016: 195) (distribution); Yamada and Ishikawa (2016: 434) (checklist: Japan); Ito and Sasaki (2018: 20) (checklist: Oita); Okochi (2019: 3) (distribution); Grosso-Silva et al. (2020: 371) (distribution).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Lectotype (1 ♂, ELHU) (Fig. 37B), JAPAN: Honshu: Gifu [= Honshu, Gifu-ken (approximate coordinates: 35°26'05.5"N, 136°46'16.6"E)]. Non-types (157 ♂♂ 169 ♀♀ 2 nymphs), JAPAN: Honshu: Saitama-ken, Iruma-gun, Moroyama-machi, Takinoiri, Kanikusa-hashi, 28.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (3 ♀♀, TUA); Tokyo-to, Hachioji-shi, Uratakao-machi, Kogesawa-rindo, 6.ix.2016, leg. J. Souma (11 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 12.v.2017 (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); as above 22.v.2017, leg. Y. Kato (1 ♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Sagamihara-shi, Minami-ku, Asamizodai, 4.vi.2017, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Sagamihara-shi, Minami-ku, Shimomizo, 10.ix.2020, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Atsugi-shi, Funako, 12.v.2016, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, TUA); as above but 7.iii.2017 (1 ♀, TUA); as above, but 5.v.2017 (23 ♂♂ 18 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 6.v.2017 (20 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, TUA); as above, but 7.v.2017, leg. H. Shigetoh (1 ♂, TUA); as above but 11.v.2017 (43 ♂♂ 52 ♀♀, TUA); as above, but 31.v.2017 (4 ♀♀, ELKU); as above but 5.vi.2017 (1 ♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Atsugi-shi, Nanasawa, 6.vi.2017, leg. J. Souma (8 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Isehara-shi, Oyama, 31.v.2017, leg. Y. Yamada (1 ♂, TUA); Yamanashi-ken, Hokuto-shi, Takane-cho, Kiyosato, 5.ix.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, TUA); Nagano-ken, Matsumoto-shi, Azumi, 7.ix.2022, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Hiroshima Pref., Kitahiroshima, Nakaso, 23.vii.2022, leg. Y. Uehara (1 ♂, TUA); as above but leg. H. Hashimoto (1 ♂, TUA). Sado Island: Chigusa, 28.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA); Kamiyokoyama, 28.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (3 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, TUA); Kujikawachi, 29.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (2 ♀♀, TUA); Noura, 29.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (3 ♀♀, TUA). Shikoku: Kagawa-ken, Takamatsu-shi, Nishiueta-cho, Fujio, 28.iv.2020, leg. Y. Waki (1 ♂, TUA); Kagawa-ken, Takamatsu-shi, Nishiueta-cho, Donguri Land, 23.v.2021, leg. Y. Waki (1 ♀, TUA); Kochi-ken, Kochi-shi, Shigekura, 2.vii.2020, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ 2 nymphs, ELKU). Kyushu: Fukuoka-ken, Kasuya-gun, Sasaguri-machi, Tsubakuro, 5.vi.2020, leg. N. Tsuji (5 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, ELKU); Fukuoka Pref., Tagawa, Soeda, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.77127&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.43486" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.77127/lat 35.43486)">Mt. Hiko-san</a>, Takanosubaru, 28.v.2022, leg. Y. Uehara (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Oita-ken, Kusu-gun, Kokonoe-machi, 12.vii.2017, leg. S. Imada (1 ♀, ELKU); Kumamoto Pref., Aso, Minamiaso, Kain, 12.vi.2022, leg. H. Hashimoto (1 ♀, TUA); Kumamoto-ken, Kuma-gun, Mizukami-mura, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.77127&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.43486" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.77127/lat 35.43486)">Mt. Ichifusa-yama</a>, 27.vii.2022, leg. S. Inoue (1 ♀, TUA); Oita-ken, Hita-shi, Maetsue-machi, Ono, 21.viii.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Oita-ken, Hita-shi, Maetsue-machi, Yugi, 21.viii.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, TUA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.77127&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.43486" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.77127/lat 35.43486)">Ryukyu Islands</a> (northern part): <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.77127&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.43486" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.77127/lat 35.43486)">Yakushima Island</a>: Kosugidani, 23.viii.1952, leg. C. Takeya &amp; Y. Hirashima (2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, ELKU); as above, but 29.vii.1963, leg. T. Okada (1 ♀, KUM); Hananoego, 24.viii.1952, leg. C. Takeya &amp; Y. Hirashima (17 ♂♂ 19 ♀♀, ELKU; 1 ♀, KUM); as above, but 26.x.1979, leg. S. Makihara (4 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, NSMT); Onoaida, 20.viii.2021 (3 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, ELKU).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) takeyai is recognised amongst other species of Stephanitis by a combination of the following characters: head, calli, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface black (Figs 8E, 10F, 12E, 14F, 16E, 18E, 20C, 22C, 24C); body in male 2.1 times (in female 1.9 times) as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Figs 3E, 5E, 6B); rostrum reaching metasternum; pronotum tricarinate (Fig. 26E); hood dark, longer than median carina of pronotum, wider than maximum width of head across eyes, completely covering eye, higher than median carina of pronotum at highest part, with posterior margin extending near posterior margin of pronotal disc; median carina of pronotum with 2 rows of areolae at highest part; pronotal disc opaque; paranotum more erect, not narrowed posteriorly, 3 rows of areolae at widest part, anterolateral angle slightly protruding anteriad, outer margin gently curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height longer than height of eye (Fig. 28E); apices of hemelytra close to each other in rest; costal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area in male with 3 rows (in female with 4 rows) of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; R+M (radiomedial) vein carinate; pygophore elevated at centre of venter, with posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part (Fig. 30G); and paramere stout, weakly curved inwards at apex, with outer margin cuspidate in middle part, inner margin slightly curved inwards in basal part (Fig. 32G).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Amongst the Japanese species of Stephanitis, S. (Stephanitis) takeyai is similar to S. (S.) svensoni Drake, 1948, which feeds on Illicium anisatum L. ( Schisandraceae) (Takeya 1963; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012), in general habitus, but the former is easily distinguished from the latter by the following characters: hood longer than median carina of pronotum (shorter in S. (S.) svensoni), wider than maximum width of head across eyes (narrower in S. (S.) svensoni), completely covering eye (incompletely covering in S. (S.) svensoni) (Figs 8E, 10F, 26E); and subcostal area of hemelytron in male with 3 rows (in female 4 rows) of areolae at widest part (in male 4 rows and in female 5 rows in S. (S.) svensoni) (Figs 16E, 18E).</p><p>Teratological form.</p><p>Segmental oligomery of the antenna was confirmed in S. (S.) takeyai and one examined specimen lacked the left antennal segment IV (Fig. 6B), as reported in many tingids ( Štusák and Stehlík 1978; Souma 2020b, 2020d, 2020e).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Japan (Honshu; Sado Island; Oki Islands: Dogo Island; Shikoku; Kyushu; Ryukyu Islands (northern part): Yakushima Island) (Fig. 48); Austria; Belgium; Canada; Czech Republic; France; Great Britain; Germany; Hungary; Italy; Netherlands; Poland; Portugal; Slovakia; Switzerland; U.S.A. (Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Vétek et al. 2012; Aukema et al. 2013; Barta and Bideň 2016; Yamada and Ishikawa 2016; Grosso-Silva et al. 2020; present study). Stephanitis (Stephanitis) takeyai is native to Japan, but it has invaded many countries in Europe and North America (Yamada and Tomokuni 2012). The previous record from India (Drake and Ruhoff 1965) is an error resulting from the confusion between the type locality of Tingis globulifera Walker, 1873 [= Cochlochila (Physodictyon) bullita ( Stål, 1873)] described from India and T. globulifera Matsumura, 1905 [= S. (S.) takeyai Drake &amp; Maa, 1955] described from Japan (cf. Drake and Maa 1955). The previous records from Amami-Oshima Island, the central part of the Ryukyu Islands (Takeya 1963), are misidentifications of S. (S.) pyrioides and a nymph pertaining to another genus. In Japan, S. (S.) takeyai inhabits the deciduous broad-leaved forest in a temperate climate of Japan proper (Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu) and its surrounding islands, which is in the Palaearctic Region.</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Aesculus turbinata Blume, “Tochinoki” ( Sapindaceae) (Takeya 1963); Cerasus jamasakura (Siebold ex Koidz.) H.Ohba, “Yamazakura” ( Rosaceae) (Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012); Cinnamomum camphora, “Kusunoki” ( Lauraceae) (Takeya 1930, 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Okochi 2019); Diospyros kaki Thunb., “Kaki” ( Ebenaceae) (Takeya 1963; Yasunaga et al. 1993); Elliottia paniculata (Siebold et Zucc.) Hook.f., “Hotsutsuji” ( Ericaceae) (Takeya 1963); Hydrangea hydrangeoides, “Iwagarami” (Siebold et Zucc.) B.Schulz ( Hydrangeaceae) (Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012); Illicium anisatum, “Shikimi” ( Schisandraceae) (Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012); Lindera obtusiloba, “Dankobai” ( Lauraceae) (Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; present study); L. praecox (Siebold et Zucc.) Blume, “Aburachan” (Takeya 1963); L. triloba, “Shiromoji” (Takeya 1963); Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers., “Aomoji” ( Lauraceae) (Takeya 1930, 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012); Lit. umbellata Thunb., “Kuromoji” (Fig. 44E) (Takeya 1930, 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Okochi 2019; present study); Lit. sericea (Siebold et Zucc.) Blume, “Kekuromoji” (Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012); Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude, “Nejiki” ( Ericaceae) (Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Maehara 2014; Okochi 2019); Machilus thunbergii, “Tabunoki” ( Lauraceae) (present study); Pieris japonica (Thunb.) D.Don ex G.Don, “Asebi” ( Ericaceae) (Takeya 1930, 1963; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Maehara 2014); Platanus spp., “Suzukakenoki” or “Puratanasu” ( Platanaceae) (Miyatake 2006); Pourthiaea villosa (Thunb.) Decne. “Ushikoroshi” ( Rosaceae) (Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012); Rhododendron japonoheptamerum Kitam. var. hondoense (Nakai) Kitam., “Honshakunage” (Okochi 2019); Salix sp., “Yanagi” ( Salicaceae) (Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012); Styrax japonicus Siebold &amp; Zucc, “Egonoki” ( Styracaceae) (Takeya 1930, 1963). Stephanitis (Stephanitis) takeyai feeds on an extremely wide range of angiosperms and is euryphagous, unlike many tingids (Schuh and Weirauch 2020). However, some records of this species, collected from Hydrangeaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Sapindaceae, Schisandraceae and Styracaceae (Takeya 1930, 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012), do not include data on the insect’s development. As this lace bug is the most common Japanese lace bug (Yamada and Tomokuni 2012), some of the previous host records may be of plant families from which S. (S.) takeyai was accidentally collected. This lace bug sometimes occurs on plantings of C. camphora, D. kaki and P. japonica in its distribution range (present study). This tingid species has been known to be a pest of D. kaki and P. japonica (Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology 1980, 2006) and, occasionally, it can also cause harm on C. camphora .</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) takeyai feeds on the abaxial surface of leaves of the various host plants in Japan (present study). In Japan, this lace bug is trivoltine (Tsukada 1994, 2008); adults were collected in almost all seasons (Takeya 1953; Tomokuni 1981, 1985; Ichita 1989; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Tsukada 1994, 2008; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Yano et al. 2013; Maehara 2014; Ito and Sasaki 2018; present study); nymphs were collected from April to October (Tsukada 1994, 2008; Maehara 2014; present study); the overwintering stage is the egg, but third-generation adults are found until March of the following year (Tsukada 1994; present study).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/180143158D8F524CA21EDEE37007513E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Souma, Jun	Souma, Jun (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the Lauraceae - feeding species of the genus Stephanitis (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Japan. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69 (2): 219-281, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864
0D22FADAAA615F7887CD9E7B072E63BA.text	0D22FADAAA615F7887CD9E7B072E63BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tomokunii Souma 2022	<div><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tomokunii sp. nov.</p><p>[Japanese name: Tomokuni-gunbai] Figs 3F, 5F, 8F, 10G, 12F, 14G, 16F, 18F, 20D, 22D, 24D, 26F, 28F, 30H, 32H, 39, 42K, L</p><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tabidula Horváth, 1912: Takeya (1963: 42) (distribution: part); Tomokuni and Ishikawa (2002: 170) (distribution); Yamada and Tomokuni (2012: 208) (monograph: part); Yamada and Ishikawa (2016: 434) (checklist: Japan). Misidentifications.</p><p>Type series.</p><p>Holotype (♂, ELKU), "[JAPAN]: Izu Isls., Hachijo, Is., Mitsune" [=JAPAN: Izu Islands (southern part): Hachijo Island: Mitsune (approximate coordinates: 33°07'16.3"N, 139°48'21.6"E)], 17.v.2021, leg. J. Souma. Paratypes (66 ♂♂ 134 ♀♀), JAPAN: Izu Islands: (southern part): Miyake Island: Ako, 15.v.1999, leg. T. Kishimoto (1 ♂ 1 ♀); Izu, 12.v.2018, leg. T. Ishikawa (8 ♂♂ 12 ♀♀, TUA); Tosa For. Rd., 12.v.2018, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, TUA); as above but leg. T. Saeki (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Sannomiya For. Rd., 12.v.2018, leg. J. Souma (20 ♂♂ 18 ♀♀, TUA); Nanto For. Rd., 13.v.2018, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA). Hachijo Island: “八丈” [= Hachijo Island], Arakawa, “20/V/909” [= 20.v.1909] (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, ELHU) (Fig. 39); Minemura, 7.viii.1948, leg. Fujiyama (1 ♀, ELKU); Kaminato, 24.v.1949, leg. I. Fujiyama (1 ♀, NIAES); Mitsune Beach, 28.v.1949, leg. T. Aoki (1 ♀, NIAES); Noboryo Pass, 11.viii.1949, leg. I. Fujiyama (1 ♀, NIAES); as above but alt. 350 m, 5.vii.2001, leg. M. Tomokuni (3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, NSMT); 19.vii.1957, leg S. Hisamatsu (1 ♀, NSMT); as holotype but 16.v.2021 (4 ♀♀, ELKU); Mt. Miharayama, alt. 200-560 m, 2.vii.2001, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, NSMT); Mt. Hachijo-fuji, alt. 250-530 m, 4.vii.2001, leg. M. Tomokuni (3 ♀♀, NSMT); as above but alt. 560-850 m, 3.vii.2001 (3 ♀♀, NSMT); as holotype (4 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, ELKU); as holotype but 18.v.2021 (10 ♂♂ 30 ♀♀, ELKU); as holotype but 19.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 1 ♀, ELKU; 5 ♂♂ 16 ♀♀, TUA); as holotype but 20.v.2021 (6 ♂♂ 14 ♂♂, TUA); Mistune, Mihara For. Rd., 17.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, ELKU); Sueyoshi, 17.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU). Three paratypes collected in 1909 are deposited in Matsumura’s collection. A single paratype collected in 1948 and 12 paratypes collected in 3-5.vii.2001, were recorded as " Stephanitis tabidula " in previous studies (Takeya 1963; Tomokuni and Ishikawa 2002; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tomokunii sp. nov. is recognised amongst other species of Stephanitis by a combination of the following characters: head, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface in various shades of brown (Figs 8F, 10G, 12F, 14G, 16F, 18F, 20D, 22D, 24D); calli dark brown; body in male 2.3 times (in female 2.1 times) as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Figs 3F, 5F); rostrum not reaching metasternum; pronotum tricarinate (Fig. 26F); hood pale, shorter than median carina of pronotum, as wide as vertex at widest part, not covering eye, as high as median carina of pronotum at highest part, posterior margin not extending to middle of pronotal disc; median carina of pronotum with 1-2 rows of areolae at highest part; pronotal disc; paranotum less erect, narrowed posteriorly, 3 rows of areolae at widest part, anterolateral angle slightly protruding anteriad, outer margin gently curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height shorter than height of eye (Fig. 28F); apices of hemelytra close to each other in rest; costal area with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area in male with 2 rows (in female with 2-3 rows) of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; R+M (radiomedial) vein carinate; pygophore elevated at centre of venter, posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part (Fig. 30H); and paramere stout, weakly curved inward at apex, with outer margin not sinuate in middle part, inner margin nearly straight in basal part (Fig. 32H).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Head, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface in various shades of brown; calli dark brown; eye dark red; areolae of pronotum and hemelytron transparent; hood pale; pronotal disc opaque; pubescence on body yellowish (Figs 3F, 8F, 12F, 16F, 20D, 22D).</p><p>Body 2.3 times as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Fig. 3F). Head (Figs 8F, 12F, 20D, 26F) glabrous; pair of frontal spines close to each other at apices, not reaching apex of clypeus; median spine as long as frontal spines, reaching bases of frontal spines; pair of occipital spines longer than median spine, reaching middle part of eyes; antenniferous tubercles obtuse, slightly curved inwards; clypeus smooth. Compound eye round in dorsal view. Antenna densely covered with pubescence; segment I cylindrical; segment II cylindrical, shortest amongst antennal segments; segment III longest amongst antennal segments; segment IV cylindrical, longer than segment I. Bucculae closed to each other at anterior ends, with 2 rows of areolae throughout its length. Rostrum not reaching metasternum.</p><p>Pronotum (Figs 8F, 12F, 26F, 28F) unicarinate, 1.3 times as long as maximum width across paranota, sparsely covered with pubescence. Pronotal disc coarsely punctate. Hood shorter than median carina of pronotum, as wide as vertex at widest part, not covering eye, as high as median carina of pronotum at highest part, posterior margin not extending to middle of pronotal disc, 4 rows of areolae at highest part, dorsal margin slightly arched. Median carina straight, extending to apex of posterior process, 1-2 rows of areolae at highest part, dorsal margin arched. Calli smooth. Paranotum less erect, narrowed posteriorly, 3 rows of areolae at widest part, with anterolateral angle slightly protruding anteriad, outer margin gently curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height shorter than height of eye. Posterior process triangular, obtuse at apex.</p><p>Hemelytron (Fig. 16F) 2.5 times as long as its maximum width, extending beyond apex of abdomen, glabrous; maximum width across hemelytra 1.6 times as much as maximum width across paranota; apices close to each other in rest; costal area with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area with 2 rows of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; C (costal), R+M (radiomedial) and Cu (cubital) veins carinate.</p><p>Thoracic pleura (Fig. 12F) smooth in anterior part, coarsely punctate in posterior part. Ostiolar peritreme oblong. Sternal laminae (Fig. 20D) lower than bucculae; pro- and mesosternal laminae open in both anterior and posterior ends; metasternal laminae as high as mesosternal laminae, open at anterior ends, fused each other at posterior ends. Legs (Fig. 3F) smooth, densely covered with pubescence; femora thickest at middle.</p><p>Abdomen oblong in dorsal and ventral views. Pygophore (Figs 22D, 30H) compressed dorsoventrally, semicircular in ventral view, elevated at centre of venter, posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part, covered with pubescence. Paramere (Fig. 32H) stout, expanded in middle part, weakly curved inwards at apex, outer margin not sinuate in middle part, inner margin nearly straight in basal part, covered with pubescence in middle part of outer and inner margins.</p><p>Measurements (n = 20). Body length with hemelytra 3.1-3.4 mm; maximum width across hemelytra 1.4-1.5 mm; length of antennal segments I to IV 0.2 mm, 0.1 mm, 1.2-1.3 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively; pronotal length 1.2-1.4 mm; pronotal width across paranota 0.8-0.9 mm; hemelytral length 2.4-2.6 mm; maximum width of hemelytron 1.0-1.1 mm.</p><p>Female. General habitus very similar to that of male (Figs 5F, 10G, 14G, 18F, 24D) except for the following characters: body 2.1 times as long as maximum width across hemelytra; antennal segment III shorter than in male; pronotum 1.4 times as long as maximum width across paranota; hood wider than in male; maximum width across subcostal area wider than in male, with 2-3 rows of areolae at widest part; and apical part of abdomen pentagonal in ventral view.</p><p>Measurements (n = 20). Body length with hemelytra 3.3-3.6 mm; maximum width across hemelytra 1.5-1.7 mm; length of antennal segments I to IV 0.2 mm, 0.1 mm, 1.0-1.1 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively; pronotal length 1.3-1.5 mm; pronotal width across paranota 0.9-1.0 mm; hemelytral length 2.5-2.7 mm; maximum width of hemelytron 1.0-1.2 mm.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The partial COI gene pairwise sequence distances between Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tomokunii sp. nov. and S. (S.) tabidula are only 0.002645-0.007978 (Suppl. material 3) and both species are very similar in general habitus. In fact, S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. was misidentified as S. (S.) tabidula in previous studies (Takeya 1963; Tomokuni and Ishikawa 2002; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012). However, the former is easily distinguished from the latter by the following characters: body in male 2.3 times (in female 2.1 times) as long as maximum width across hemelytra (in male 2.1 times and in female 2.0 times in S. (S.) tabidula) (Figs 3C, D, F, 5C, D, F); paranotum less erect (more erect in S. (S.) tabidula), narrowed posteriorly (slightly narrowed in S. (S.) tabidula), with anterolateral angle slightly protruding anteriad (protruding in S. (S.) tabidula), with maximum height shorter than height of eye (longer in S. (S.) tabidula) (Figs 8C, D, F, 10C-E, G, 12C, D, F, 14C-E, G, 26C, D, F, 28, D, F); and apex of paramere weakly curved inwards (strongly curved in S. (S.) tabidula) (Fig. 32E, F, H).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Japan (Izu Islands (southern part): Miyake Island, Hachijo Island) (Fig. 48) (Takeya 1963; Tomokuni and Ishikawa 2002; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; present study). Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tomokunii sp. nov. inhabits the laurilignosa in a temperate climate of the southern part of the Izu Islands, which is in the Palaearctic Region.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The new species is named in honour of Masaaki Tomokuni, a Japanese heteropterist who collected some of the paratype specimens.</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Machilus thunbergii, “Tabunoki” (Fig. 44F) (present study). Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tomokunii sp. nov. feeds only on this lauraceous tree and is monophagous.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tomokunii sp. nov. feeds on the abaxial surface of leaves of Machilus thunbergii (present study). Adults were collected in May, July and August (Takeya 1963; Tomokuni and Ishikawa 2002; present study); the nymph and overwintering stage are unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D22FADAAA615F7887CD9E7B072E63BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Souma, Jun	Souma, Jun (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the Lauraceae - feeding species of the genus Stephanitis (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Japan. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69 (2): 219-281, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864
01F095332F4F586E8331FE2F1560AA3C.text	01F095332F4F586E8331FE2F1560AA3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stephanitis Stal 1873	<div><p>Genus Stephanitis Stal, 1873</p><p>Stephanitis Stål, 1873: 119. Type species: Acanthia pyri Fabricius, 1775, by subsequent designation (Oshanin 1912: 130). For other synonyms and detailed description, see Péricart (1983), Péricart and Golub (1996) and Souma (2020c).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>To date, only macropterous morphs are known for members of the genus Stephanitis . To the best of the author’s knowledge, most species of this genus feed on the abaxial surface of angiospermous leaves, as do many lace bugs (Schuh and Weirauch 2020). The nominotypical subgenus Stephanitis Stephanitis is distinguished from the other two subgenera, Menodora and Norba, by the following characteristics ( Horváth 1912; Takeya 1963): pronotum tricarinate (unicarinate in Norba); lateral carina ridge-like or laminate (composed of a single row of areolae) (shell-like in Menodora); posterolateral angle of paranotum not protruding posteriad (protruding in Menodora); and hemelytral anterior margin not curved inwards in basal part (curved in Menodora). Nevertheless, four Japanese species- S. (N.) aperta, S. (N.) mendica, S. (N.) morimotoi Takeya, 1963 and S. (S.) tabidula [= S. (S.) fasciicarina syn. nov.]-have a unicarinate or tricarinate pronotum as intraspecific variation (Takeya 1931, 1963; Souma 2021c). Stephanitis (Norba) mendica is the type species of the subgenus Stephanitis Norba (Drake and Poor 1936). " Stephanitis (Norba) aperta " and " S. (S.) tabidula " possessing a unicarinate and tricarinate pronotum, respectively, reported in a previous study (Takeya 1963) are misidentifications of S. (S.) tabidula and S. (N.) aperta, respectively (see material examined of each species). However, S. (S.) tabidula possessing a unicarinate pronotum was confirmed in the present study. Therefore, the presence or absence of lateral carinae varies intraspecifically in at least three species. In conclusion, the number of the pronotal carinae is important for identifying most species, but insufficient for subgenus delimitation. Since the present author considers that molecular phylogenetic analysis using a high number of species and gene regions is necessary to synonymise Norba with the nominotypical subgenus Norba Stephanitis, the subgeneric status of ten species treated in the present study follows the current classification.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/01F095332F4F586E8331FE2F1560AA3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Souma, Jun	Souma, Jun (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the Lauraceae - feeding species of the genus Stephanitis (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Japan. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69 (2): 219-281, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864
