identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
677687C13505FFDCFCFFB08894A2FD34.text	677687C13505FFDCFCFFB08894A2FD34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Blachia Baill.	<div><p>Blachia Baill.</p><p>Blachia Baill.(1858) 385,nom.cons.; Thwaites (1861) 277;Benth.(1878) 226; (1880) 301; Hook.f. (1887) 402; Trimen (1898) 53; Boerl. (1900) 284; Brandis (1906) 581; T. Cooke (1908) 602; Bourd.(1908) 339; Talbot (1911) 474; Pax &amp; K.Hoffm. (1911) 36; C.E. Parkinson (1923) 236; Gagnep. (1925) 410; Gamble (1925) 1337; Pax &amp; K.Hoffm. (1931) 159; Airy Shaw (1969) 121; (1972) 223; Whitmore (1973) 68; Airy Shaw (1975) 57; Ramamoorthy (1976) 332; Airy Shaw 37 (1982) 9; (1983) 10; N.P.Balakr. &amp; Chakrab. (1989) 568; Thin (1989) 16; G.L. Webster (1994) 107; Philcox (1997) 105; Radcl.-Sm. (2001) 304; Phattar. &amp; Chayam. (2005) 126; Thin (2007) 260. — Codiaeum A.Juss. sect. Blachia (Baill.) Müll.Arg. (1866) 1118. — Type: Blachia umbellata (Willd.) Baill.</p><p>Bruxanellia Dennst. ex Kostel. (1836) 2002, nom. rej. — Type: Bruxanellia indica Dennst. ex Kostel.</p><p>Shrubs to shrubby trees, mainly monoecious; without latex. Indumentum simple hairs, sericeous or hirsute, often most parts glabrescent. Stipules absent, but axillary bud scales at base of side branches and inflorescences resemble stipules; latter ovate, glabrous (to hairy), late caducous. Leaves spiral, simple, glandless; petiole short, not pulvinate; blade sometimes basally with 4 or more papillae or 2 stipule-like stipellae, these often obscured by hairs; base usually slightly oblique, margin (sub)entire, penninerved. Inflorescences terminal (or terminal on short axillary branches) raceme-like thyrses, with per node subumbellate groups of flowers; bisexual with staminate flowers above and pistillate flowers below or unisexual; bracts absent, though usually new leaves developing at lower nodes. Staminate flowers pedicellate, with abscission zone in lower third or halfway; sepals (4–)5(–6), basally connected, imbricate, membranous, margin entire; petals (4–)5(–6), free, shorter than sepals, membranous; disc glands (4–)5(–6); stamens 14–24 (variability as observed in Thailand, unknown for com- plete range), filaments free (to adnate to each other and to disc when young), flat, tapering towards apex, anthers basifixed, 2-thecate, opening latrorsely with longitudinal slits; pistillode absent. Pistillate flowers pedicellate; sepals 4–6, triangular, persistent, often accrescent in fruit (not in Thailand); petals often absent, sometimes 1–5 present; disc lobes 5–6, often appearing as lobed ring; ovary (2–)3-locular, ovules single per locule; stigmas sessile, free, bifid. Fruits capsules, lobed or subglobose, septicidally dehiscent into 2-valved cocci; septa thickened above attachment of seeds; columella persistent. Seeds brown; ecarunculate to carunculate.</p><p>Distribution — Circa twelve species in tropical Asia from India to China (Hainan) to the Malay Peninsula and the Andaman Islands, also one species in the Philippines. Two species in Malesia of which one uncertain (see under B. andamanica).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/677687C13505FFDCFCFFB08894A2FD34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	van Welzen, P. C.	van Welzen, P. C. (2015): A revision of the Malesian species of Blachia (Euphorbiaceae). Blumea 59 (3): 163-166, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687831, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687831
677687C13504FFDEFCFEB19F94D3FB96.text	677687C13504FFDEFCFEB19F94D3FB96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Blachia philippinensis	<div><p>2. Blachia philippinensis — Fig. 1a‒g</p><p>Blachia philippinensis Merr. (1909) 277; Pax &amp; K.Hoffm. (1911) 285; Merr. (1923) 455. — Lectotype (designated here): Curran FB 4128 (holo L; iso K), Philippines, Palawan, near Puerto Princesa. (Syntypes: Curran &amp; Merritt FB 8369 (US), Philippines, Luzon, Pangasinan Prov.; Merritt &amp; Darling FB 13829 (US), Philippines, Luzon, Ilocos Norte Prov., Cape Bojeador.)</p><p>Blachia andamanica auct. non (Kurz) Hook.f.: Airy Shaw (1983) 10.</p><p>Shrubs to shrubby trees, up to 6 m high, dbh 2 cm or more; flowering branches 1‒2 mm thick; young parts with very few hairs. Axillary bud scales 2.3‒3.5 mm long, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 5–12 mm long, not pulvinate, green, often (especially older ones) with transverse corky cracks, then brownish green, glabrous to few hairs when young, above sharply V-shaped in transverse section; blade ovate to elliptic, 4.1‒9(‒14.5) by 1.1‒3.5(‒5) cm, length/width index 2.4‒4(‒5.4), subcoriaceous, symmetric to asymmetric, base cuneate, margin entire, wavy, usually somewhat reflexed, apex (acute to) cuspidate to caudate, subglabrous when young, glabrescent, upper surface glossy dark green, lower surface pale green to dull green; venation slightly raised on both sides, midrib especially raised beneath, secondary nerves 8‒12 pairs, looped and closed near the margin, intercalary veins distinct, higher order 1 mm 1 cm veins reticulate. Inflorescences terminal (to axillary), up to 3 cm long, with few hairs; buds green. Staminate flowers c. 3.5 mm diam; pedicel 7‒7.5 mm long; sepals 4–5, elliptic, c. 2.3 by 1.5 mm, white, apex rounded; petals 5, obovate, c. 0.9 by 0.6 mm, glabrous, membranous, apex slightly emarginate; disc glands 5, obtrapezoid, c. 0.9 by 0.8 mm, thick, glabrous, apex slightly 3-lobed; stamens c. 14‒20, filaments c. 2 mm long, slender, slightly thickened basally, anthers elliptic, c. 0.4 by 0.4 mm. Pistillate flowers c. 2.5 mm diam, green; pedicel 3‒4 mm long; sepals 5, triangular, 1.5‒2.5 by 0.6‒0.8 mm; petals 1‒5, in young flower hardly visible, clear in fruit, triangular to ovate, c. 0.7 by 0.3‒0.4 mm; disc lobes 5 when young; ovary 3-locular, ovoid, 3-lobed, c. 0.8 mm high by 0.8 mm wide, somewhat hairy in lower half (to completely hairy; see note); style short, 0.5‒0.8 mm long, glabrous, stigmas 1.7‒2.8 mm long, split except for basal 0.4‒0.8 mm. Fruits on elongated pedicel, up to 10 mm long, obovoid, 3-lobed, c. 10 by 10 mm high, green when young, glabrous; sepals, petals, style and stigmas persistent, not enlarging; columella 6‒7 mm long, apically not enlarged and T-shaped. Seeds ± oblong, but somewhat triangular in transverse section, c. 8 by 5.5 by 5 mm, slightly marbled, caruncle present.</p><p>Distribution — Philippines (Palawan, Luzon).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Along edge of forest, lowland mixed forest along river, soil clay. Altitude: 300‒ 450 m. Flowering: February to April, September; fruiting: February, August.</p><p>Vernacular name — Pañgapien (Iloko/Ilokana; Merrill 1923).</p><p>Note — The specimen Loher 4642 from the Philippines is the only specimen seen so far that has ovaries completely hairy instead of only hairy in the lower half. This specimen still has relatively small leaves, petioles with corky transverse cracks and the apices of the laminas are acute to acuminate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/677687C13504FFDEFCFEB19F94D3FB96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	van Welzen, P. C.	van Welzen, P. C. (2015): A revision of the Malesian species of Blachia (Euphorbiaceae). Blumea 59 (3): 163-166, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687831, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687831
