identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0F1A2A2B983FE8658B7C03706B8775D2.text	0F1A2A2B983FE8658B7C03706B8775D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opamyrma	<div><p>Opamyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238041" title="Lookup 'Opamyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> gen. n.</p><p>(Figs. 1-12)</p><p>Type species. Opamyrma hungvuong <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238042" title="Lookup 'Opamyrma hungvuong' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> sp. n.</p><p>Worker description. Preoccipital carina complete, almost encircling the head slightly before its posterior margin (“poc” in Fig. 4). Venter of head with a distinct and complete median furrow, with each anterolateral corner forming a process (“alc” in Fig. 3). Clypeus posteriorly margined with a distinct continuous carina (“pcc” in Fig. 3); median part of clypeus rather clearly divided into posterior horizontal portion and anterior steep slope; the posterior portion broadly inserted between antennal sockets, extending anteriorly to the level of posterior margin of the sockets; lateral part of clypeus narrow from front to back. Mandibular base with closed trulleum (“trl” in Fig. 3). Labrum on its outer face with at least two rows of peg-like denticles, each with more than 10 denticles (“lpd” in Fig. 3). Eye absent. Frontal lobe absent. Antennal sockets completely exposed in full-face view, directing almost dorsad, located in a large, roundly excavated area whose anterior wall is steep just behind the posterior margin of clypeus; the area not clearly defined posteriorly. Antenna 12- segmented, gradually incrassate from segment II to XII.</p><p>Mesosoma elongate, with a single furrow (“msf” in Figs. 6 &amp; 7) which is deep and flexible and separates pronotum from the remaining part of mesosoma. Metapleural gland bulla round, occupying posterior twofifths of ventrolateral part of the pleuron; metapleural trench running below the bulla. Junction of dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum round without any transverse carina; posterior face of propodeum laterally without spines/carinae. Propodeal spiracle situated relatively low on the side of propodeum, near the weak furrow separating metapleuron from lateral side of propodeum. Propodeal lobe present, low and round.</p><p>Mid- and hind tibiae each with a reduced barbulate anterior spur (“ats” in Fig. 8) and a well-developed pectinate posterior spur (“pts” in Fig. 8). Pretarsal claws simple, without teeth.</p><p>Waist consisting of a single segment (petiole); petiole elongate, narrowly attached to abdominal segment III (gastral segment I), virtually without anterior peduncle; tergo-sternal sutures of petiole present as longitudinal furrows on ventrolateral edges that meet medially at 1/3 length of petiole from the base (“tss” in Fig. 10); the sternite of petiole reduced to a small posteroventral sclerite, bounded by the conspicuous tergo-sternal sutures; petiolar spiracle located anteriorly on the lateral face of petiole at its mid-height.</p><p>Gaster very long, laterally compressed, especially in posterior portion, in profile highest at the posterior end of abdominal segment VI (“absg-VI” in Fig. 11). Segment III (“absg-III” in Fig. 11) seen from above longer than broad, narrowed basally, longer than segments I V, V and VI, having a free anterior face above the helcium; anteriormost part of abdominal sternite III (“abs-III” in Fig.11) produced anteriad to the same level as the anteriormost part of tergite III (“abt-III” in Fig. 11). Segment IV with differentiated presternite (“ps-IV” in Fig. 11). Spiracles on segments V -VII concealed by the preceding segments. Segment VII (“absg-VII” in Fig. 11) longest among the segments III -VII. Pygidium (“abt-VII” in Fig. 11) and hypopygium (“abs-VII” in Fig. 11) unarmed.</p><p>Discussion</p><p>Opamyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238041" title="Lookup 'Opamyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is similar to Apomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2355" title="Lookup 'Apomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> with several shared characteristics: the outer face of the labrum bears peglike teeth; the frontal lobe is absent; the antennal socket is directed almost dorsad; the sternite of the petiole is reduced to a small posteroventral sclerite, bounded by the conspicuous tergo-sternal sutures; and the third abdominal segment above the helcium has a free anterior face. All this may support the inclusion of the new genus within the separate tribe Apomyrmini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183163" title="Lookup 'Apomyrmini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> with Apomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2355" title="Lookup 'Apomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (but see below for the current status of this tribe).</p><p>The features which support the erection of the new genus Opamyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238041" title="Lookup 'Opamyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> independent of Apomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2355" title="Lookup 'Apomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (see Brown et al 1971; Bolton 1990, 2003 for characterization of Apomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2355" title="Lookup 'Apomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>) are: preoccipital carina complete, almost encircling the head slightly before its posterior margin; clypeus posteriorly margined with a distinct continuous carina; petiole without a distinct anterior peduncle; abdominal segment III longer than I V, V and VI; segment VII longest among the segments III -VII; anteriormost part of abdominal sternite III produced anteriad to the same level as the anteriormost part of tergite III; segment IV with differentiated presternite.</p><p>Opamyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238041" title="Lookup 'Opamyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> also shares some features with members of Leptanillinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2255" title="Lookup 'Leptanillinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, which, however, clearly differ from all the amblyoponines sensu Saux et al. (2004) in having a 2-segmented waist. For example, the morphology of clypeus resembles that of Protanilla <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2383" title="Lookup 'Protanilla' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Anomalomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2347" title="Lookup 'Anomalomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, and the structure of the metapleural gland orifice and its surroundings is also rather similar to that seen in Leptanillinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2255" title="Lookup 'Leptanillinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. The extremely hypertrophied pygidium of Opamyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238041" title="Lookup 'Opamyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> also reminds us of the condition in some leptanillines.</p><p>The complicated history summarized below indicates the difficulty in deciding the systematic position of Apomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2355" title="Lookup 'Apomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. Apomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2355" title="Lookup 'Apomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> was established as a monotypic genus under the subfamily Ponerinae by Brown et al. (1971) from Ivory Coast (Afrotropical region). Wheeler and Wheeler (1985) placed it under the tribe Amblyoponini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:233549" title="Lookup 'Amblyoponini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> of Ponerinae, and later Dlussky &amp; Fedoseeva (1988) established the tribe Apomyrmini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183163" title="Lookup 'Apomyrmini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> under Ponerinae. However, Bolton (1990) transferred Apomyrmini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183163" title="Lookup 'Apomyrmini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> to Leptanillinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2255" title="Lookup 'Leptanillinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> listing 16 characteristics shared by the traditional Leptanillinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2255" title="Lookup 'Leptanillinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Apomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2355" title="Lookup 'Apomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (but only with the size and location of the spiracle on abdominal segment III as apomorphies), and then Baroni Urbani et al. (1992) established the subfamily Apomyrminae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2247" title="Lookup 'Apomyrminae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. Bolton(2003), in his morphology-based classification of the family Formicidae, followed their treatment. More recently Saux et al. (2004), based on their molecular phylogenetic analysis, placed the genus under the subfamily Amblyoponinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183164" title="Lookup 'Amblyoponinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, and partly modified Bolton's (2003) definition of Amblyoponinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183164" title="Lookup 'Amblyoponinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. Although the three recent molecular analyses of these taxa (Saux et al. 2004, Moreau et al. 2006, Brady, et al. 2006) all gave different results, in each of them Apomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2355" title="Lookup 'Apomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is the sister group of one or more genera of Amblyoponinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183164" title="Lookup 'Amblyoponinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> sensu Bolton (2003).</p><p>As mentioned above, and also as pointed out by Ward (2007), Apomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2355" title="Lookup 'Apomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> has some similarities in morphology and behavior with both Leptanillinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2255" title="Lookup 'Leptanillinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Amblyoponinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183164" title="Lookup 'Amblyoponinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (see also Brown et al. 1971, Bolton, 1990, Masuko 1990, Ward 1994). The discovery of the new genus Opamyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238041" title="Lookup 'Opamyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> would further require a reexamination of the relationship of these two subfamilies, since Opamyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238041" title="Lookup 'Opamyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> possesses additional features shared with Leptanillinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2255" title="Lookup 'Leptanillinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. Here we do not intend to propose any new classification system in which the position of this new genus is appropriately settled. Here Opamyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238041" title="Lookup 'Opamyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is tentatively placed in Amblyoponinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183164" title="Lookup 'Amblyoponinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. Since the resolution within Amblyponinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238043" title="Lookup 'Amblyponinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is still insufficient to address relationships among the genera (Saux et al., 2004), we follow the single tribe-rank classification for this subfamily.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F1A2A2B983FE8658B7C03706B8775D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yamane, S.;Bui, T. V.;Eguchi, K.	Yamane, S., Bui, T. V., Eguchi, K. (2008): Opamyrma hungvuong, a new genus and species of ant related to Apomyrma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Amblyoponinae). Zootaxa 1767: 55-63, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=21682
F97AE1685215E38585600DBB1A1873F5.text	F97AE1685215E38585600DBB1A1873F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opamyrma hungvuong	<div><p>Opamyrma hungvuong <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238042" title="Lookup 'Opamyrma hungvuong' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> sp. n.</p><p>(Figs. 1-12)</p><p>Type material. Holotype (worker): 21 Feb. 2000, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.51666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.45/lat 18.51666)">Rao An, Son Kim II Commune</a> (18°31'N; 105°27'E), Huong Son District, Ha Tinh Province, northern part of Central Vietnam, leg. T.V. Bui (IEBR). Paratype: 1 worker, same data as in the holotype (KMNH).</p><p>Measurements and indices (holotype and paratype; those for paratype shown in parentheses). Head length (as measured from the anterior margin of clypeus to the posterior margin of head in full-face view) 0.73 mm (0.71); head width (maximum width of head in full-face view) 0.55 mm (0.55); cephalic index (head width/head length x 100) 75 (77); scape length (length of antennal scape excluding the basal condylar bulb) 0.38 mm (0.38); scape index (scape length/head width x 100) 69 (69); mesosomal length (as measured from the anterior margin of pronotum to the posterior margin of propodeum in profile) 1.12 mm (1.12); hind femur length (maximum length of hind femur) 0.50 mm (0.49); hind femur index (hind femur length/head width) 91 (89).</p><p>Worker description. Head long, almost rectangular, with slightly convex lateral margins and almost straight posterior margin in full-face view; in profile flattened dorsoventrally. Median part of clypeus with anterior margin weakly and broadly concave. Mandible slender, strongly curved at the apical end of trulleum (this can be clearly observed when the mandibles are opened); basal two-thirds almost parallel-sided in outer view (Fig. 5), with long but bluntly tapered apical tooth followed by a trapezoidal lobe (probably fusion of two preapical teeth: “mtl” in Fig. 3) and three inconspicuous teeth. Antennal scape (segment I) flattened dorsoventrally, narrowed toward base; segment II bead-like, in frontal view strongly narrowed at base (“as-II” in Fig. 2); segment III slightly longer than broad and narrowed basally; segments IV and V almost as long as broad; segments VI -XI broader than long; apical segment longer than broad and bluntly pointed at apex.</p><p>Pronotum longer than broad in dorsal view, with slightly convex dorsal face that merges into lateral face roundly; anterior slope short and steep. Remaining portion of mesosoma slightly narrower than pronotum and almost parallel-sided in dorsal view; nota and pleura roundly continuous; mesopleuron separated from metapleuron by a sulcus; lower portion of metapleuron defined posteriorly by a narrow furrow; propodeum with rather flat dorsum and steep posterior face.</p><p>Femur and tibia of fore leg broader than those of mid- and hind legs; relatively broad gap present between mid- and hind coxae.</p><p>Petiole seen from above much longer than broad, slightly narrowed posteriad, and laterally weakly convex, in profile much longer than high, weakly converging posteriad.</p><p>Gaster with a long and up-curved sting.</p><p>Whole body only weakly sculptured and moderately shining; mandible with sparse large punctures which generally bear setae; dorsum of head superficially punctate; clypeus with posterior portion almost unsculptured and shining; mesosoma more weakly sculptured than dorsum of head, with posteroventral portion of its side irregularly sculptured; petiole and gaster almost smooth and shining.</p><p>Head with dense short hairs that are erect or suberect; mandible when closed with lower margin bearing relatively long and sparse standing hairs; antennal scape with sparse erect hairs in addition to denser short pubescence; hairs on funiculus generally short, especially on apical segments; mesosoma and petiole dorsally with sparser standing hairs; erect hairs on tibiae and tarsi shorter than those on femora; gastral terga dorsally with standing hairs that are denser than those on mesosoma; gastral sterna each with isolated erect hairs.</p><p>Whole body light brown, with antennae and legs slightly yellowish.</p><p>Etymology. The genus name Opamyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238041" title="Lookup 'Opamyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is an anagram of Apomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2355" title="Lookup 'Apomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> for the first three letters. The specific name (hungvuong) derives from the legendary king Hung Vuong who founded the first Vietnamese state Van Lang.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F97AE1685215E38585600DBB1A1873F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yamane, S.;Bui, T. V.;Eguchi, K.	Yamane, S., Bui, T. V., Eguchi, K. (2008): Opamyrma hungvuong, a new genus and species of ant related to Apomyrma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Amblyoponinae). Zootaxa 1767: 55-63, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=21682
