taxonID	type	description	language	source
66722E7CFFFD4B66FF38FF7C92B7FF55.taxon	description	23. Surface in females convex (0), indented (1), or flattened (2) .. Surface with hair­like setae (0), scale­like setae (1), glabrous (2), or thick­	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFED4B74FE93FC8A9099FD23.taxon	description	Tribostethes Curtis 1845: 448. Type species Brachysternus castaneus Laporte fixed by monotypy. NEW SYNONYMY. Bembegeneius Solier 1851: 84. Type species Bembegeneius fulvescens Solier fixed by monotypy. Placed in synonymy with Aulacopalpus by Ohaus (1918). Sulcipalpus Harold 1869 a: 1232. Type species Aulacopalpus viridis Guérin­ Méneville. Sulcipalpus was proposed as a replacement name for Aulacopalpus, but the replacement name is unjustified emendation. Sulcipalpus is a junior objective synonym of Aulacopalpus and has the same type species. Pseudadelphus Arrow 1899: 369. Type species Tribostethes ciliatus Solier fixed by monotypy. Placed in synonymy with Aulacopalpus by Ohaus (1905). Amblyterodes Germain 1905: 470. Type species Aulacopalpus viridis Guérin­ Méneville HERE DESIGNATED (see ‘‘ Taxonomic History’ ’ section). Placed in synonymy with Aulacopalpus by Ohaus (1918).	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFED4B74FE93FC8A9099FD23.taxon	description	Description. Length 10.0 – 20.0 mm. Width 5.5 – 10.8 mm. Color: Dorsally green to brown, ventrally brown. Head: Dorsal surface punctate and setose; punctures dense, moderately large; setae long, slender, tawny to cream­colored. Frontoclypeal suture complete. Clypeal apex rounded, moderately reflexed. Labrum with apex vertically produced 400 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 with respect to clypeus, moderately produced at middle, rounded or triangular. Mandibles with proximal molar lobe well developed with more than 10 black lamellae or reduced with less than 10 black lamellae. Maxillary surface moderately setose; maxilla with 3 – 5 poorly defined teeth on 2 elevated ridges or reduced with no distinguishable teeth on 1 weakly elevated ridge; maxillary palpus with terminal segment longer than basal 3 segments, with deep sulcus. Mentum with surface moderately setose, apex moderately produced or reflexed into oral cavity. Antenna 10 ­ segmented (sometimes appearing 9 ­ segmented) with 3 ­ segmented club. Pronotum: Form widest at middle, basomedially protuberant towards posterior. Surface moderately to densely punctate with moderately large punctures, setae usually present; setae long, slender, tawny to cream­colored. Marginal bead present laterally. Scutellum: Surface glabrous, moderately punctate with moderately large punctures. Elytron: Surface glabrous to sparsely setose; setae long, slender, tawny to cream­colored (never scale­like); longitudinal striae punctate or moderately impressed. Epipleuron rounded, marginal bead complete; row of dense setae just ventral to bead present medially, sometimes absent in apical and basal 1 / 5. Membranous border thickened apically. Hind Wing: Leading margin with row of setae on apical half. Vein AA 1 + 2 about 1 / 4 length of AA 3 + 4. Pygidium: Surface evenly convex, sparsely to moderately punctate, setose; setae long, slender, tawny to cream­colored (never scale­like). Apex evenly rounded. Venter: Thorax densely to moderately setose; setae usually long, tawny. Prothoracic and metathoracic processes absent. Abdominal sternites moderately setose; setae moderately long, tawny, yellowish­brown, or cream­colored. Apical spiracle THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 401 with or without supraspiracular ridge. Apical abdominal sternite of female not deeply emarginate. Legs: Coxae, trochanters, and femora moderately setose; setae long, tawny, yellowish­brown, or cream­colored. Protibia with 3 teeth in apical half. Male protarsal claws with modified claw thickened and bifurcate (sometimes weakly), male meso­ and metatarsal claws with modified claw thickened and bifurcate or with all claws simple. Female tarsal claws with ventral tooth on modified claw or with all claws simple. Protarsomere 4 with or without recurved spines. Tarsomere 5 with or without ventromedial tooth. Unguitractor plate cylindrical, produced beyond apex of tarsomere 5, with 2 apical setae. Parameres: Figures. 11 – 20. Form symmetrical in caudal view.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFED4B74FE93FC8A9099FD23.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This genus is distinguished from all other genera of Neotropical Anoplognathini by the following combination of characters: elytron with membranous border (more pronounced at apex of elytron), metathoracic process absent, parameres with apices widely separated (not close together), unguitractor plate with 2 setae, tarsomere 5 usually without tooth (two species have the tooth), claws usually split or toothed (three species have some or all claws simple), last abdominal sternite (in females) with apex entire (not emarginate), and elytra glabrous or with setae hair­like (not thick or scale like).	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFED4B74FE93FC8A9099FD23.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Maps 1 – 4). Known from central Chile and west­central Argentina south to Tierra del Fuego.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFEF4B7AFED8FD6A904AFA96.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 4, 12, Map 1) Types. Holotype labeled a) ‘‘ CHILE: Aconcagua Cachagua 2 ­ VIII­ 1974 P. Vidal & M. Donoso, ’’ b) ‘‘ FMNH 986 L. Peña Coll. Acc # 17 – 422. ’’ Sixteen male paratypes with same data; one additional male paratype with identical locality label but without a second label. Two male paratypes labeled a) ‘‘ HUAQUEN Costa Coqbo. 24, 31. Julio­ 1960 Coll: L. E. Pena, ’’ b) ‘‘ H. & A. HOWDEN COLLECTION ex. A. Martinez coll. ’’ Two male paratypes labeled a) ‘‘ TUNQUEN Costa Valpso 6, 15 Junio­ 1960 Coll: L. E. Pena, ’’ b) ‘‘ H. & A. HOWDEN COLLECTION ex. A. Martinez coll. ’’ One male paratype labeled a) ‘‘ ALGARROBO Costa Valpar. Julio­ 1957 Coll: L. E. Pena, ’’ b) ‘‘ H. & A. HOWDEN COLLECTION ex. A. Martinez coll. ’’ One male paratype labeled a) ‘‘ Q. AMOLANAS Costa Coqbo. 24, 31 Julio­ 1960 Coll: L. E. Pena, ’’ b) ‘‘ 57, ’’ c) ‘‘ 198, ’’ d) ‘‘ H. & A. HOWDEN COLLECTION ex. A. Martinez coll. ’’ Two male paratypes labeled a) ‘‘ El Totoral Sa Antonio 28 ­ V­ 1995 S. Rothmann, ’’ b) ‘‘ COLECCION SERGIO ROTHMANN. ’’ One male paratype labeled ‘‘ CHILE SN. ANTONIO Las Cruces 20 ­ VII­ 1976 col. G. Arriagada. ’’ One male paratype labeled a) ‘‘ CHILE SANTIAGO LAS CRU­ CES 20 ­ VII­ 1976 Coll. G. ARRIAGADA, ’’ b) ‘‘ CHILE SN. ANTONIO Las Cruces 20 ­ VII­ 1976 col. G. Arriagada. ’’ One male paratype labeled a) ‘‘ CHILE V REGION Las Cruces Julio. 1998. leg. Gerardo Arriagada, ’’ b) ‘‘ COLEC­ CIÓN Gerardo Arriagada S. ’’ One male paratype labeled ‘‘ Fray Jorge Coquimbo 24 ­ IX­ 1970 J. Solervicens. ’’ One male paratype labeled ‘‘ Co LA CAMPANA VALPARAISO 4 – 9 – 1979 J. Solervicens. ’’ One male paratype labeled ‘‘ Co Placenes Valpso. 1 ­ VII­ 1968 Col. C. Vivar T. ’’ One male paratype labeled ‘‘ P. PETORCA 2 km S. Zapallar 15 ­ II­ 79 A. CHUBRETOVIC. ’’ One male paratype labeled a) ‘‘ FRAY JORGE Ovalle 27 / VII / 1987, ’’ b) ‘‘ Leg. P. Vidal GH. ’’ One male paratype labeled ‘‘ 182 / 1. ’’ Holotype and eight male paratypes at FMNH. Seven male paratypes at MNNC. Six male paratypes at UNSM. Five male paratypes at CMNC. Three male paratypes at ABTS. Two male paratypes at PVGH. One male paratype each at BCRC, GASC, MLJC. 402 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 Map 1. Distribution of Aulacopalpus aconcaguensis (•) and Aulacopalpus castaneus (O). THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 403	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFEF4B7AFED8FD6A904AFA96.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. Length 10.9 mm. Width 6.0 mm. Color: head and elytron light brown, pronotum dark brown with greenish reflections. Head: Figure 4. Dorsal surface densely punctate and moderately setose; punctures moderately­sized; setae long, slender, tawny. Frontoclypeal suture weakly bisinuate. Labrum with apex vertically produced with respect to clypeus, weakly produced at middle, rounded. Maxillary palpus with terminal segment enlarged, with deep sulcus. Mentum with surface moderately setose, apex acuminate. Antenna 10 ­ segmented (segments 5 and 6 partially fused making antenna appear 9 ­ segmented); club elongated, flattened, longer that combined basal segments (club length approximate to head length). Pronotum: Form widest at middle, midline absent (weakly punctate in other individuals). Surface densely punctate, moderately setose; punctures moderately­sized; setae long, slender, tawny. Scutellum: Shape parabolic: 1.3 times wider than long medially. Surface densely punctate, setose; punctures moderately large; setae long, slender, tawny. Elytron: Surface glabrous. Longitudinal striae punctate; punctures moderately­sized, separated by 2 – 6 puncture widths. Intervals sparsely punctate with moderately­sized punctures. Epipleuron with row of dense setae ventral to bead. Pygidium: Width 2.3 times length medially. Surface sparsely punctate, moderately setose; punctures moderately­sized; setae tawny. Venter: Thorax densely setose; setae long, tawny. Legs: Protibia with 3 subequally large teeth. Tarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared to other claw, apex bifurcate (similar to Fig. 7). Tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth (similar to Fig. 6). Meso­ and metatibia with apical spurs slender, acute. Mesotibial apex with 17 spinules. Metatibial apex with 25 spinules. Parameres: Figure 12. Basally with broad, medial furrow.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFEF4B7AFED8FD6A904AFA96.taxon	description	Variation. (34 paratypes). Length 10.9 – 16.6 mm. Width 6.0 – 8.6 mm. Color of elytron light to dark brown. The paratypes do not differ significantly from the holotype. Female unknown.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFEF4B7AFED8FD6A904AFA96.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the latinized adjective for ‘‘ Aconcaguan, ’’ referring to the region in Chile in which this species is found and the province where most of the type series was collected.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFEF4B7AFED8FD6A904AFA96.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from all other species in the genus Aulacopalpus by the following combination of characters: antennal club elongated in males (length equal to or slightly shorter than head); pronotum green to greenish brown when viewed without magnification; elytron brown, glabrous; all tarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared to other claw and with apex bifurcate (males); tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth; parameres basally with broad, medial furrow.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFEF4B7AFED8FD6A904AFA96.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Map 1). Coastal Chile from Coquimbo to Santiago. Locality Data. Based on 35 specimens examined from the CMNC, FMNH, MNNC, PVGH.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFEF4B7AFED8FD6A904AFA96.taxon	materials_examined	CHILE (34). ACONCAGUA (19): Cachagua, Zapallar. COQUIMBO (5): Coquimbo, Guaquén, Ovalle, Quebrada Amolanas. SANTIAGO (3): Las Cruces. VALPARAÍSO (7): Algarrobo, El Totoral, La Campana, Placeres Tunquén. NO DATA (1). Temporal Data. February (1), May (2), June (2), July (9), August (18), September (2).	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE14B79FEE4FA8290C8FBA0.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 10, 16, Map 1)	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE14B79FEE4FA8290C8FBA0.taxon	description	neotype for A. castaneus because the original type has been lost. Laporte (1840) did not specify where the type was deposited. All of Laporte’s types are now housed at MNHN or the Museum of Victoria in Abbotsford, Australia (MVMA). I searched for the types at the MNHN and Ken Walker (curator of entomology at the MVMA) searched for the types in the MVMA without success. I can only conclude that the types have been lost. The original type was from Chile. I selected a male neotype from Santiago, Chile that matches the original description by Laporte (1840). Laporte (1840) stated that A. castaneus is ‘‘ of a copper, granulous green; (with the) pronotum and sides of the corselet with red reflections, ’’ which describes the distinct color of this species. The neotype is a specimen that was supposedly compared with the type by Friedrich Ohaus in Paris on 5 July 1911 (as indicated on the label). Based on the original description and Ohaus’s label, I am confident that the neotype is virtually identical to the original type. Bembegeneius fulvescens Solier 1851: 85. Lectotype male at MNHN, labeled a) ‘‘ 15 43 ’’ (green, round label with handwriting underneath), b) ‘‘ Bembegeneius fulvescens Sol Santiago — ­ ’’ (label sideways on pin), c) ‘‘ B. fulvescens. Solier Chili. M. Gay. ’’ (green label), d) ‘‘ BEMBEGENEIUS FULVESCENS SOLIER Ƌ LECTOTYPE A. B. T. SMITH 2001, ’’ e) ‘‘ Aulacopalpus CASTANEUS (LAPORTE) Ƌ Det: A. B. T. Smith 2001. ’’ LECTOTYPE HERE DESIGNATED. See statement of taxonomic purpose in Methods and Materials section. Solier (1851) had several specimens in the original type series. The lectotype is the only specimen in the MNHN unambiguously labeled as part of Solier’s original type series. Since Solier considered Bembegeneius fulvescens and Tribostethes castaneus as different species, it is impossible to determine, with any certainty, the identity (as Solier would have determined) and type status of the unlabeled specimens in the MNHN. Therefore, the location of the paralectotypes is unknown. Placed in synonymy with A. castaneus by Ohaus (1905).	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE14B79FEE4FA8290C8FBA0.taxon	description	[three illegible words] 1505, ’’ e) ‘‘ AULACOPALPUS FULVOVIRENS OHAUS Ƌ DET: A. B. T. SMITH 2000 PARALECTOTYPE, ’’ f) ‘‘ Au­ lacopalpus CASTANEUS (LAPORTE) Ƌ Det: A. B. T. Smith 2000. ’’ One paralectotype female at ZMHB, labeled a) ‘‘ ♀, ’’ b) ‘‘ Typus!, ’’ c) ‘‘ Tri­ bostethes fulvovirens Ohs., ’’ d) ‘‘ AULACOPALPUS FULVOVIRENS OHAUS ♀ DET: A. B. T. SMITH 2000 PARALECTOTYPE, ’’ e) ‘‘ Zool. Mus. Berlin, ’’ f) Aulacopalpus CASTANEUS (LAPORTE) ♀ Det: A. B. T. Smith 2000. ’’ The location of other possible paralectotypes is un­ known. NEW SYNONYMY. Description. Male (n = 215): Length 14.9 – 19.2 mm. Width 7.8 – 10.2 mm. Color: dorsally brown, head and pronotum often with greenish reflections; ventrally brown. Head: Dorsal surface densely punctate, punctures moderately large. Dorsal surface with margin sparsely setose; setae long, slender, tawny to cream­colored. Frontoclypeal suture complete, weakly bisinuate. Labrum with apex vertically produced with respect to clypeus, moderately produced at middle with triangular tooth. Maxillary palpus with terminal segment longer than basal segments, with deep sulcus. Mentum with surface moderately setose, apex reflexed into oral cavity. Antenna 10 ­ segmented, club greatly elongated (longer than combined basal segments), slightly flattened. Pronotum: Midline weakly depressed. Surface moderately punctate with moderately large punctures, sparsely setose (setae often worn off), lateral edges moderately setose; setae long, slender, tawny to cream­colored. Scutellum: Surface glabrous and moderately punctate with moderately large punctures. Shape parabolic: 1.1 times wider than long medially. Elytron: Surface glabrous, longitudinal striae punctate, moderately impressed; punctures moderately­sized, separated by 1 – 4 puncture widths. Interval moderately to sparsely punctate with moderately­sized punctures. Epipleuron with row of dense setae medially ventral to bead, absent in apical and basal 1 / 5 of length. Pygidium: Width 2.3 times length medially. Surface sparsely to moderately punctate, punctures moderately­sized, sparsely to moderately setose, setae tawny. Venter: Thorax densely setose; setae long, tawny. Legs: Protibia with 3 subequally large teeth in apical half. Protarsal claws with modified claw (Fig. 10) slightly thickened when compared to other claw; apex weakly bifurcate (often worn, appearing simple). Meso­ and metatarsal claws simple (similar to Fig. 6). Tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth (similar to Fig. 6). Meso­ and metatibia with apical spurs slender, acute. Mesotibial apex with 12 – 13 spinules. Metatibial apex with 19 – 20 spinules. Parameres: Figure 16. Basally without broad, medial furrow. Female (n = 9): Length 18.0 – 18.8 mm. Width 9.4 – 9.6 mm. As male except in the following respects. Head: Antennal club not elongated and flattened, equal to or less than length of basal segments. Legs: Protarsal claws simple. Meso­ and metatibia with apical spurs broader, blunter.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE14B79FEE4FA8290C8FBA0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from all other species in the genus Aulacopalpus by the following combination of characters: size large (usually about 18 mm in length), antennal club elongated in males (length equal to or slightly shorter than head), pronotum greenish­brown to green, elytra brown; male protarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared to other claw and with apex weakly bifurcate (often worn and appearing simple); female protarsal claws simple; meso­ and metatarsal claws simple; and tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth; parameres without broad, medial furrow.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE14B79FEE4FA8290C8FBA0.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Map 1). Coquimbo to Malleco, Chile. Locality Data. Based on 224 specimens examined from AMNH, BCRC, CASC, CMNC, CMNH, CNCI, FMNH, KSUC, MABC, MCZC, MGFT, MNHN, MNNC, PVGH, UMRM, USNM, VMDM, ZMHB.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE14B79FEE4FA8290C8FBA0.taxon	materials_examined	CHILE (217). ARAUCO (23): Contulmo. COLCHAGUA (4): La Mina, La Rufina, San Fernando. CONCEPCIÓN (42): Chiguayante, Concepción. CO­ 406 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 QUIMBO (1): Socos. CURICÓ (2): Curico´, El Coigo. MALLECO (9): Angol, Renaico. ÑUBLE (3): Salto del Laja. O’HIGGINS (5): Rancagua. SANTIAGO (58): Apoquindo, El Canelo, El Principal, Farellones, La Cisterna, Los Dominicos, Los Leones, Maipu´, Quebrada de Macul, Renca, Santiago. TALCA (2): Molina. VALPARAÍSO (52): Algarrobo, El Quisco, El Salto, La Cruz, Limache, Olmue´, Quillota, Valparaíso, Villa Alemana, Viña del Mar. NO DATA (16). NO DATA (7). Temporal Data. January (1), February (1), May (14), June (3), July (37), August (52), September (17), October (3) November (25), December (7).	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE14B79FEE4FA8290C8FBA0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The variability of A. castaneus has resulted in confusion over the identity of this species. The main source of confusion was whether the protarsal claws of the males are simple or with modified claw slightly thickened when compared to the other claw and apex weakly bifurcate. Ohaus (1905, 1909) and Gutiérrez (1949) stated that the male protarsal claws of A. castaneus are simple, and Ohaus (1909) described a new species, A. fulvovirens, with male protarsal claws split and with a green head and pronotum but otherwise similar to A. castaneus. Based on 224 specimens, it is apparent that A. castaneus has a weakly split male protarsal claw that is often worn (or perhaps never develops in some individuals) and appears simple. I have also observed that the coloration of the head and pronotum of this species varies from brown or copper with greenish reflections to green. After careful examination of the types, and in light of the observed variation, I am synonymizing A. fulvovirens with A. castaneus. In fact, the ‘‘ A. fulvovirens ’’ color form is very similar to Solier’s (1851) Bembegeneius fulvescens, of which Ohaus (1905) himself states ‘‘ Bembegeneius fulvescens is nothing different than Tribostethes castaneus with a green head and pronotum. ’’ Solier’s (1851) description and figures of Bembegeneius fulvescens are inaccurate, but I agree with Ohaus that, based on the original description and examination of the lectotype, it is a synonym of A. castaneus. I have also examined the holotype of Philippi and Philippi’s (1864) Tribostethes cupreus and have determined that it fits well within my description of A. castaneus. I agree with Ohaus’s (1909) synonymy of this species with A. castaneus.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE24B7FFEC5FBE891BAFC81.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 8 – 9, 13, Map 2) Tribostethes ciliatus Solier 1851: 89. Lectotype male at MNHN, labeled a) ‘‘ 15 45 ’’ (green, round label with handwriting underneath), b) ‘‘ S. tago’ ’ (label sideways on pin), c) ‘‘ T. ciliatus. Solier. Chili. M. Gay., ’’ d) ‘‘ TRI­ BOSTETHES CILIATUS SOLIER Ƌ LECTOTYPE A. B. T. SMITH 2001, ’’ e) ‘‘ Aulacopalpus CILIATUS (SOLIER) Ƌ Det: A. B. T. Smith 2001. ’’ LECTOTYPE HERE DESIGNATED. See statement of taxonomic purpose in Methods and Materials section. One paralectotype male at MNHN, labeled a) ‘‘ 15 45 ’’ (green, round label with handwriting underneath), b) ‘‘ [illegible] ciliatus Sol. Santiago [illegible] ’’ (label sideways on pin), c) ‘‘ TRIBOSTETHES CILIATUS SOLIER Ƌ DET: A. B. T. SMITH 2001 PARALECTOTYPE, ’’ d) ‘‘ Aulacopalpus CILIA­ TUS (SOLIER) Ƌ Det: A. B. T. Smith 2001. ’’ The location and existence of other paralectotypes is unknown. Description. Male (n = 81): Length 12.2 – 15.3 mm. Width 6.7 – 7.4 mm. Color: dorsally reddish­brown to dark brown, sometimes with copper (pronotum) or weak greenish THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 407 Map 2. Distribution of Aulacopalpus ciliatus (•), Aulacopalpus clypealis (*), Aulacopalpus pilicollis (O), and Aulacopalpus punctatus (X). 408 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 (toclypeal suture weakly bisinuate. Labrum with apex vertically produced with respect to clypeus, moderately produced medially with triangular tooth. Maxillary palpus with terminal segment enlarged, moderately elongate, with sulcus. Mentum with surface moderately setose, apex appearing bidentate. Antenna 10 ­ segmented, club slightly shorter than combined basal segments. Pronotum: Midline absent. Surface moderately to densely punctate with moderately­sized punctures; moderately setose in apical half and along margins; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowish­brown. Scutellum: Surface moderately punctate, moderately setose; punctures moderately­sized; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowish­brown. Shape parabolic, 1.3 times wider than long medially. Elytron: Surface glabrous; longitudinal striae punctate, weakly impressed to not impressed; punctures moderately­sized, separated by 2 – 6 puncture widths. Intervals sparsely punctate with moderately­sized punctures. Epipleuron with row of thick setae present just ventral to bead. Pygidium: Width 2.0 times length medially. Surface weakly rugose; moderately setose; setae short to long, tawny to yellowish­brown. Venter: Thorax densely setose; setae long, tawny to yellowish­brown. Legs: Protibia with 3 subequally large teeth in apical half. Tarsal claws with modified claw (Fig. 9) slightly thickened when compared with other claw, apex bifurcate. Tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth (similar to Fig. 6). Meso­ and metatibia with apical spurs slender, acute. Mesotibial apex with 15 – 17 spinules. Metatibial apex with 22 – 26 spinules. Parameres: Figure 13. Basally with broad, medial furrow. Female (n = 12): Length 13.0 – 19.0 mm. Width 7.1 – 10.1 mm. As male except in the following respects. Head: Antennal club shorter that combined basal segments. Legs: Tarsal claws (Fig. 8) with modified claw with ventral tooth, not thickened when compared with other claw, apex not bifurcate. Metatibia with apical spurs slightly broader, blunter.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE74B41FEDEFED591F9FF67.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 14, Map 2)	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE74B41FEDEFED591F9FF67.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 11): Length 15.5 – 17.3 mm. Width 9.0 – 9.8 mm. Color: dorsally greenish­brown to shiny green, sometimes with purple reflections. Head: Dorsal surface densely punctate, punctures moderately large. Dorsal surface moderately setose; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowish­brown. Frontoclypeal suture weakly bisinuate. Labrum with apex vertically produced with respect to clypeus, moderately produced medially with triangular tooth. Maxillary palpus with terminal segment enlarged, elongate, with sulcus. Mentum with surface moderately setose, apex bidentate. Antenna 10 ­ segmented, club slightly shorter than combined basal segments. Pronotum: Midline absent. Surface moderately to densely punctate and moderately setose; punctures moderately­ to moderately large­sized; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowish­brown. Scutellum: Shape parabolic: 1.4 times wider than long medially. Surface moderately punctate, moderately setose; punctures moderately­sized; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowishbrown. Elytron: Surface sparsely setose (setae often worn off); longitudinal striae punctate, weakly impressed; punctures moderately­sized, separated by 2 – 4 puncture widths. Intervals moderately punctate with moderately­sized punctures. Epipleuron with row of thick setae just ventral to bead. Pygidium: Width 2.0 times length medially. Surface weakly rugose, moderately setose; setae short to long, tawny to yellowish­brown. Venter: Thorax densely setose; setae long, tawny to yellowish­brown. Legs: Protibia with 3 subequally large teeth in apical half. Tarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared with other claw, apex bifurcate (similar to Fig. 7). Tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth (similar to Fig. 6). Meso­ and metatibia with apical spurs slender, acute. Mesotibial apex with 14 – 16 spinules. Metatibial apex with 22 – 24 spinules. Parameres: Figure 14. Basally with broad, medial furrow. Female: Unknown.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE74B41FEDEFED591F9FF67.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from all other species in the genus Aulacopalpus by the following combination of characters: antennal club not elongated (length much shorter than head); head and pronotum noticeably setose when viewed without magnification; pronotum and elytron appearing shiny green when viewed without magnification; all tarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared with other claw and with apex bifurcate (males); and tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth; parameres basally with broad, medial furrow.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE74B41FEDEFED591F9FF67.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Map 2). Valparaíso to O’Higgins, Chile. Locality Data. Based on 11 specimens examined from BMNH, CMNC, FMNH, PVGH, MNNC, ZMHB.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE74B41FEDEFED591F9FF67.taxon	materials_examined	CHILE (8). O’HIGGINS (2): Parque Nacional Los Cipreses. SANTIAGO (3): Cerro El Roble. VALPARAÍSO (1): Cerro El Roble. NO DATA (2). NO DATA (3). Temporal Data. October (2), November (3). 410 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 Tribostethes pilicollis Fairmaire 1883: 491. Lectotype male at MNHN, labeled a) ‘‘ Tribostethes pilicollis Fairm Magellan, ’’ b) ‘‘ MUSEUM PARIS Collection Léon Fairmaire 1906, ’’ c) ‘‘ TRIBOSTETHES PILICOLLIS FAIRMAIRE Ƌ LECTOTYPE DET: A. B. T. SMITH 2001, ’’ d) ‘‘ Aulacopalpus PILICOLLIS (FAIRMAIRE) Ƌ Det: A. B. T. Smith 2001. ’’ LEC­ TOTYPE HERE DESIGNATED. See statement of taxonomic purpose in Methods and Materials section. Fairmaire (1883) did not specify how many specimens were in the original type series. The location and existence of other paralectotypes is unknown.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE74B41FEDEFED591F9FF67.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 189): Figure 3. Length 12.9 – 18.6 mm. Width 7.5 – 9.8 mm. Color: dorsally yellowish­brown to brown. Head: Dorsal surface densely punctate, moderately setose; punctures moderately large; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowish­brown. Frontoclypeal suture weakly bisinuate. Labrum with apex vertically produced with respect to clypeus, moderately produced at middle with triangular tooth. Maxillary palpus with terminal segment enlarged, elongate, with deep sulcus. Mentum with surface moderately setose, apex bidentate. Antenna 10 ­ segmented, club slightly shorter that combined basal segments. Pronotum: Midline absent. Surface densely punctate, moderately setose; punctures moderately large; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowish­brown. Scutellum: Surface moderately punctate and moderately setose; punctures moderately­sized; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowish­brown. Shape parabolic: 1.3 times wider than long medially. Elytron: Surface moderately to sparsely setose at base, sparsely setose to glabrous toward lateral edges; setae long to short, slender, tawny (setae sometimes worn off). Longitudinal striae punctate, weakly impressed to not impressed; punctures moderately­sized, separated by 2 – 6 puncture widths. Intervals sparsely punctate with moderately­sized punctures. Epipleuron with row of thick setae just ventral to bead. Pygidium: Width 1.8 times length medially. Surface weakly rugose, moderately setose; setae tawny to yellowish­brown. Venter: Thorax densely setose; setae long, tawny to yellowish­brown. Legs: Protibia with 3 subequally large teeth in apical half. Tarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared with other claw, apex bifurcate (similar to Fig. 7). Tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth (similar to Fig. 6). Meso­ and metatibia with apical spurs slender, acute. Mesotibial apex with 14 – 16 spinules. Metatibial apex with 22 – 26 spinules. Parameres: Figure 15. Basally with broad, medial furrow. Female (n = 17): Length 12.9 – 17.9 mm. Width 7.5 – 10.8 mm. As male except in the THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 411 following respects. Legs: Tarsal claws with modified claw with ventral tooth, not thickened when compared with other claw; apex not bifurcate (similar to Fig. 8). Metatibia with apical spurs slightly broader, blunter.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE74B41FEDEFED591F9FF67.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from all other species in the genus Aulacopalpus by the following combination of characters: antennal club not elongated (length much shorter than head); head, pronotum, and elytron yellowish­brown to brown; all male tarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared with other claw and with apex bifurcate, all female tarsal claws with modified claw with a ventral tooth, not thickened when compared with other claw; and tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth; parameres basally with broad, medial furrow.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE74B41FEDEFED591F9FF67.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Map 2). Argentina and Chile from Malleco and Neuquén to Tierra del Fuego. Three specimens were also examined from La Rioja, Argentina. Locality Data. Based on 206 specimens examined from BMNH, CASC, CMNC, CNCI, FMNH, LACM, MABC, MCZC, MGFT, MLJC, MLPA, MNHN, MNNC, NHMB, PVGH, SEMC, UNSM.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE74B41FEDEFED591F9FF67.taxon	materials_examined	ARGENTINA (141). CHUBUT (20): Comodoro Rivadavia, Lago Fontana, Lepa´, Trevelín, No Data. LA RIOJA (3): El Peñón, Portezuelo de Santa Rosa. NEUQUÉN (52): Collón­Cura´, Confluencia, Copahue, Estancia Llamuco, Huncal, Isla Victoria, Lago Guillelmo, La Negra, La Pintada, Mallín Largo, Parque Nacional Lanín, Pico del Águila, Río Caleufu´, Piedra del Águila, San Martín de Los Andes, Zapala, No Data. RÍO NEGRO (20): Cipolletti, El Bolsón, Lago Nahuel Huapı´, Ñirihuau, Pilcaniyeu, San Carlos de Bariloche, San Ramón, Villa Regina. SANTA CRUZ (42): Güer Aike, Lago Posadas, Las Buitreras, Las Heras, Monte Aymond (20 km E), Piedra Buena, Río La Leona, Río Santa Cruz, No Data. TIERRA DEL FUEGO (4): Puerto Baños, Punta de Arenas, Viamonte. CHILE (61). AISÉN (2): Coyhaique. MAGALLANES (27): Bahía San Gregorio, Caleta Hops., Cerro Castillo, Isla Magdalena, Lago Sarmiento, Laguna Amarga, Laguna Figueroa, Laguna Los Palos, La Península, La Portada, Monte Aymond, Morro Chico, Pali Aike, Puerto Percy, Tierra del Fuego, No Data. MALLECO (27): Liucura, Lonquimay, Manzanar (9.2 km E), Marimenuco. NO DATA (5). NO DATA (4). Temporal Data. January (5), February (6), March (1), April (5), August (1), September (22), October (36) November (74), December (11).	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE74B41FEDEFED591F9FF67.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although the parameres (Fig. 15) are distinct in A. pilicollis there is interspecific variability in the form. This can lead to confusion between A. pilicollis and A. aconcaguensis, A. ciliatus, and A. clypealis when only the parameres are used for identification. Fairmaire (1883) described A. pilicollis using specimens from ‘‘ the coasts of Patagonia and the Magellan Strait’ ’ (likely from Punta Arenas, Chile). Kolbe (1907) later described the same species from the same locality naming it Aegolasia michaelseni, but he mistakenly placed it in the subfamily Melolonthinae. It is clear from the original description and type locality that Aegolasia michaelseni is indeed Aulacopalpus pilicollis, and I synonymize the two names. Martínez (1975) was the first to recognize that Aegolasia was not a Melolonthinae during the course of his research on the Neotropical Pachydemini (a tribe of Melolonthinae). Martínez correctly synonymized the generic name Aegolasia under Aulacopalpus but was probably not familiar enough with the group to synonymize the species name. Aulaco­ 412 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 palpus pilicollis is the most widespread and southernmost species of the genus. The three specimens from La Rioja, Argentina (collected by Antonio Martínez in January and February 1947, specimens in the CMNC) were a surprise because this is a disjunct locality at least 500 km north of the rest of the population (and the northern­most records of the entire subtribe Brachysternina). More collecting is necessary to determine if a) this is a relict population perhaps separated during post­Pleistocene warming, b) the populations are connected but little collecting has been done in west­central Argentina during the months of adult activity, or c) the three La Rioja specimens were somehow mislabeled and actually came from further south. Ohaus (1905) made the interesting observation, ‘‘ I have received this species (A. pilicollis) in large numbers with sheep wool from Punta Arenas, which is shipped to Hamburg. The beetles probably creep into the wool bundles to hide after their period of activity in the evening and entangle their legs in the fibers, from which they cannot easily escape. ’’ Aulacopalpus punctatus (Fairmaire and Germain, 1860) (Figs. 1, 17, Map 2) Tribostethes punctatus Fairmaire and Germain 1860: 268. Neotype male at UNSM labeled a) ‘‘ CHILE Valdivia IV­ 1992 L. Peña, ’’ b) ‘‘ TRIBOS­ TETHES PUNCTATUS FAIRMAIRE & GERMAIN Ƌ DET: A. B. T. SMITH 2001 NEOTYPE, ’’ c) ‘‘ Aulacopalpus PUNCTATUS (FAIRMAIRE & GERMAIN) Ƌ Det: A. B. T. Smith 2001. ’’ NEOTYPE HERE DESIGNATED. See statement of taxonomic purpose in Methods and Materials section. It is necessary to designate a neotype for A. punctatus because the original type has been lost. Fairmaire and Germain (1860) did not specify where the type was deposited. Fairmaire’s types are now housed at the MNHN and Germain’s types are at the MNNC. I searched for the types at the MNHN and Mario Elgueta (curator of entomology at the MNNC) searched for the types in the MNNC without success. I can only conclude that the types have been lost. The original types were from Valdivia, Chile. I selected a male neotype from the same locality that matches the original description by Fairmaire and Germain (1860). The original description of this species is somewhat vague, but there is only one species from the vicinity of Valdivia that matches it.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE74B41FEDEFED591F9FF67.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 35): Length 13.0 – 17.2 mm. Width 6.7 – 8.8 mm. Color: dorsally reddish­brown to dark brown, pronotum with greenish reflections. Head: Dorsal surface densely punctate with moderately large punctures; moderately setose adjacent to lateral margin; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowish­brown. Frontoclypeal suture weakly bisinuate. Labrum with apex vertically produced with respect to clypeus, moderately produced medially with triangular tooth. Maxillary palpus with terminal segment enlarged, moderately elongate, with sulcus. Mentum with surface moderately setose, apex appearing bidentate. Antenna 10 ­ segmented, club slightly shorter than combined basal segments. Pronotum: Midline weak to absent. Surface moderately to densely punctate with moderately large­sized punctures; sometimes moderately setose near lateral margins; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowish­brown. Scutellum: Surface moderately punctate, punctures moderately­sized. Shape parabolic, 1.5 times wider than long medially. Elytron: Surface glabrous with rugose appearance; longitudinal striae punctate, weakly impressed to not impressed; punctures moderately­sized, separated by 2 – 6 puncture widths. Intervals rugose. Epipleuron with row of thick setae present just ventral to bead. Pygidium: Width 2.0 times length medially. Surface weakly rugose; moderately setose; setae short to long, tawny to yellowish­brown. Venter: Thorax densely setose; setae long, tawny to yellowish­brown. Legs: Protibia with 3 subequally large teeth in apical half. Tarsal claws with modified claw (similar to Fig. 9) slightly thickened when compared with other claw, apex bifurcate. Tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth (similar to Fig. 6). Meso­ and metatibia with apical spurs slender, acute. Mesotibial apex with 15 – 17 spinules. Metatibial apex with 22 – 26 spinules. Parameres: Figure 17. Basally without broad, medial furrow. Female (n = 4): Length 15.9 – 17.4 mm. Width 8.4 – 9.7 mm. As male except in the following respects. Head: Antennal club shorter that combined basal segments. Legs: Tarsal claws (similar to Fig. 8) with modified claw with ventral tooth, not thickened when compared with other claw, apex not bifurcate. Metatibia with apical spurs slightly broader, blunter.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE74B41FEDEFED591F9FF67.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from all other species in the genus Aulacopalpus by the following combination of characters: antennal club not elongated (length much shorter than head); pronotum with greenish reflections, conspicuous punctures; elytron usually dark brown with rugose appearance; all male tarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared with other claw and with apex bifurcate; all female tarsal claws with modified claw with a ventral tooth; tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth; parameres basally without broad, medial furrow.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE74B41FEDEFED591F9FF67.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Map 2). Valdivia to Llanquihue, Chile. Locality Data. Based on 39 specimens examined from CMNC, FMNH, MNHN, MNNC, NMPC, PVGH, UNSM, ZMHB.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE74B41FEDEFED591F9FF67.taxon	materials_examined	CHILE (35). LLANQUIHUE (3): Frutillar, No Data. OSORNO (15): Trinquincahin, No Data. VALDIVIA (11): Isla Teja, Llancahue´, Santo Domingo, Valdivia. NO DATA (6). NO DATA (4). Temporal Data. April (6), May (9).	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFE74B41FEDEFED591F9FF67.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although Fairmaire and Germain’s (1860) original description and Fairmaire’s (1883) later comments regarding Tribostethes punctatus are vague, they can only refer to one species. The ‘‘ brown­green­bronze’ ’ color, the green pronotum with large punctures, the rugopunctate elytra, and the fact that the type locality is Valdivia leave no doubt as to the identity of A. punctatus. The character states of the lectotype of Amblyterus variabilis fall within the parameters of A. punctatus. I therefore synonymized the name Amblyterus 414 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 (	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFDA4B44FEDDFEC8925DFEF0.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 7, 19, Map 3)	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFDA4B44FEDDFEC8925DFEF0.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 22): Length 14.6 – 18.5 mm. Width 7.6 – 9.5 mm. Color: dorsally brown to greenish­brown, head and pronotum dark brown to brown with greenish reflections; venter brown. Head: Dorsal surface with margin sparsely setose; setae long, slender, tawny to cream­colored. Frontoclypeal suture weakly bisinuate. Clypeal surface brown, rugose. Frons green to brown with greenish reflections, densely punctate. Labrum moderately produced at middle, rounded. Maxillary palpus with terminal segment slightly shorter than basal 3 segments, with sulcus. Mentum with surface moderately setose; apex reflexed into oral cavity. Antenna 10 ­ segmented, club greatly elongated (longer than combined basal segments), flattened. Pronotum: Midline weakly punctate. Surface moderately to densely punctate and moderately setose; punctures moderately large; setae long, slender, tawny to cream­colored. Scutellum: Shape parabolic: 1.2 times wider than long medially. Surface densely punctate, moderately setose; punctures moderately large; setae long, slender, tawny to cream­colored. Elytron: Surface glabrous; longitudinal striae punctate, weakly impressed; punctures moderately­sized, separated by 1 – 4 puncture widths; intervals sparsely punctate with moderately­sized punctures. Epipleuron with row of dense setae just ventral to bead present medially, absent in apical and basal 1 / 5. Pygidium: Width 1.6 times length medially. Surface moderately punctate, moderately setose; punctures moderate­sized; setae tawny. Venter: Thorax densely setose; setae long, tawny. Legs: Protibia with 3 subequally large teeth in apical half. Protarsal claws (Fig. 7) with modified claw slightly thickened when compared with other claw, apex weakly bifurcate (often worn, appearing simple). Meso­ and metatarsal claws simple (similar to Fig. 6). Tarsomere 5 with ventromedial tooth (Fig. 7). Meso­ and metatibia with apical spurs slender, acute. Mesotibial apex with 12 – 13 weak spinules. Metatibial apex with 18 – 20 weak spinules. Parameres: Figure 19. Basally without broad, medial furrow. Female (n = 1): Length 16.4 mm. Width 8.2 mm. As male except in the following respects. Head: Antennal club not elongated and flattened, equal to or less than length of terminal segments. Legs: Tarsal claws simple. Meso­ and metatibia with apical spurs broader, blunter.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFDA4B44FEDDFEC8925DFEF0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from all other species in the genus Aulacopalpus by the following combination of characters: antennal club elongated (length equal or slightly shorter than head); head and pronotum dark brown to brown with greenish reflections; elytra brown to greenish brown; male protarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared with other claw and with apex weakly bifurcate (often worn and appearing simple); female protarsal claws simple; meso­ and metatarsal claws simple in both sexes; and tarsomere 5 with ventromedial tooth; parameres basally without broad, medial furrow.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFDA4B44FEDDFEC8925DFEF0.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Map 3). Chile from Concepción to Llanquihue. Locality Data. Based on 23 specimens examined from CMNC, FMNH, MNNC, ZMHB. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 415 Map 3. Distribution of Aulacopalpus pygidialis (O), Aulacopalpus valdiviensis (*), and Aulacopalpus viridis (•). 416 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 Map 4. Range of Brachysternina showing north and south limits to Nothofagus (after Veblen et al. 1996), Aulacopalpus, Brachysternus, and Hylamorpha. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 417	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFDA4B44FEDDFEC8925DFEF0.taxon	materials_examined	CHILE (21). CONCEPCIÓN (1): Concepción. LLANQUIHUE (8): Llanquihue, Maullín. OSORNO (11): Pucatrihue Costa. NO DATA (1). NO DATA (2). Temporal Data. August (11), September (3), October (1), November (5).	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFDA4B44FEDDFEC8925DFEF0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ohaus (1905) described Aulacopalpus pygidialis using only male specimens. This is the first time the female has been described.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFDF4B4AFEC9FEBA90E6FD4D.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 11, 20, Map 3) Types. Holotype and allotype labeled a) ‘‘ Sn. Juan Corral Valdivia 30 ­ VII­ 1982, ’’ b) ‘‘ FMNH 986 L. Peña Coll. Acc # 17 ­ 422. ’’ Three male and one female paratypes with same data; one additional male paratype with same locality label but second label ‘‘ Leg. P. Vidal GH. ’’ One male paratype labeled a) ‘‘ Corral Valdivia Chile 9 ­ VII­ 82 Leo. W. Fisher, ’’ b) ‘‘ FMNH 986 L. Peña Coll. Acc # 17 ­ 422. ’’ One male paratype labeled ‘‘ Corral Valdivia 15 Jul. 1980 W. Fisher. ’’ One male paratype labeled a) ‘‘ 54068, ’’ b) ‘‘ Reed, ’’ c) ‘‘ Chili, ’’ d) ‘‘ Fry Coll. 1905 – 100. ’’ One male paratype labeled a) ‘‘ Reed, ’’ b) ‘‘ Corral 1163, ’’ c) ‘‘ Chili Corral, ’’ d) ‘‘ Fry Coll. 1905 – 100. ’’ Holotype, allotype and two male paratypes at FMNH. One male and one female paratype at UNSM. Two male paratypes at BMNH. One male paratype each at ABTS, MNNC, and PVGH.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFDF4B4AFEC9FEBA90E6FD4D.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. Length 15.1 mm. Width 8.6 mm. Color: head and pronotum dorsally copper with strong greenish reflections, elytron greenish­brown; venter yellowish­brown. Head: Dorsal surface sparsely setose towards margin; setae long, slender, tawny to cream­colored. Clypeus with surface brown, rugose. Frontoclypeal suture weakly bisinuate. Frons copper colored with strong greenish reflections, densely punctate, punctures large. Labrum moderately produced at middle with triangular tooth. Maxillary palpus with terminal segment enlarged, with deep sulcus. Mentum with surface moderately setose, apex reflexed into oral cavity. Antenna 10 ­ segmented; club elongated, flattened, longer that combined basal segments. Pronotum: Midline weakly punctate. Surface moderately to densely punctate and moderately setose; punctures moderately­sized; setae long, slender, tawny. Scutellum: Surface densely punctate, setose; punctures moderately large; setae long, slender, tawny. Shape parabolic: 1.1 times wider than long medially. Elytron: Surface glabrous, longitudinal striae punctate, weakly impressed; punctures moderately­sized, separated by 1 – 4 puncture widths; intervals sparsely punctate with moderately­sized punctures. Epipleuron with row of dense setae ventral to bead. Pygidium: Width 2.2 times length medially. Surface sparsely to moderately punctate and moderately setose; punctures small; setae cream­colored. Venter: Thorax densely setose; setae long, tawny. Legs: Protibia with 3 subequally large teeth. Protarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared with other claw; apex bifurcate (similar to Fig. 7). Meso­ and metatarsal claws with modified claw with weak ventral tooth near apex, not thickened when compared with other claw, apex not weakly bifurcate (similar to Fig. 8). Tarsomere 5 with ventromedial tooth (similar to Fig. 7). Meso­ and metatibia with apical spurs slender, acute (smaller metatibial spur greatly reduced or worn but condition is not typical). Mesotibial apex with 14 spinules. Metatibial apex with 20 spinules. Parameres: Figure 20. Basally without broad, medial furrow. Allotype. Female. Length 15.2 mm. Width 8.6 mm. As male except in the following respects. Legs: Protarsal claws with modified claw with ventral tooth, not thickened when compared with other claw; apex not bifurcate.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFDF4B4AFEC9FEBA90E6FD4D.taxon	description	Variation. Based upon eight male and one female paratypes. Length 14.8 – 17.3 mm. Width 7.9 – 8.9 mm. The paratypes do not differ significantly from the holotype.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFDF4B4AFEC9FEBA90E6FD4D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the latinized adjective for ‘‘ Valdivian, ’’ referring to the 418 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 region in Chile in which this species is found and the province where the entire type series was collected.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFDF4B4AFEC9FEBA90E6FD4D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from all other species in the genus Aulacopalpus by the following combination of characters: antennal club elon­ THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 419 gated (length slightly shorter than head); head and pronotum dorsally copper with strong greenish reflections, elytron greenish­brown; male protarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared with other claw and with apex bifurcate; female protarsal claws with modified claw with ventral tooth, not thickened when compared with other claw, apex not bifurcate; meso­ and metatarsal claws of both sexes with modified claw with weak ventral tooth near apex and not thickened when compared with other claw (unique state for males in this subtribe); and tarsomere 5 with ventromedial tooth; parameres basally without broad, medial furrow.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFDF4B4AFEC9FEBA90E6FD4D.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Map 3). Known only from Corral, Valdivia, Chile. Locality Data. Based on 11 specimens examined from BMNH, FMNH, MNNC, PVGH.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFDF4B4AFEC9FEBA90E6FD4D.taxon	materials_examined	CHILE (11). VALDIVIA (10): Corral. NO DATA (1). Temporal Data. July (9).	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFDF4B4AFEC9FEBA90E6FD4D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Aulacopalpus valdiviensis is an unusual species because of the combination of claw characters of the males. This is the only species of Brachysternina with the modified protarsal claw of the male slightly thickened when compared with the other claw with the apex weakly bifurcate (normal for Aulacopalpus), but with the meso­ and metatarsal claws with the modified claw with a weak ventral tooth near the apex and not bifurcate (unique in male Brachysternina). This combination of male claw characters is seen in some species of Platycoelia.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFD14B48FE8EFCC893F4FB8D.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 5, 18 Map 3) Aulacopalpus viridis Guérin­Méneville 1838 a: 58. Neotype male at ZMHB, labeled a) ‘‘ Chile, ’’ b) ‘‘ Aulacopalpus viridis Guérin m. d. Type vergl. Paris 5. VII. 1911. ’’ (Ohaus’s handwriting), c) ‘‘ AULACOPALPUS VI­ RIDIS GUÉRIN­MÉNEVILLE Ƌ DET: A. B. T. SMITH 2001 NEO­ TYPE. ’’ NEOTYPE HERE DESIGNATED. See statement of taxonomic purpose in Methods and Materials section. It is necessary to designate a neotype for A. viridis because the original type has been lost. Guérin­Méneville (1838 a) did not specify where the type was deposited. All of Guérin­Méneville’s types are now housed at MNHN. I searched for the types at the MNHN without success. I can only conclude that the types have been lost. Although the original type series were reportedly from Lima, Peru they were undoubtedly collected in central Chile. I selected a male neotype from Chile that matches the original description by Guérin­Méneville (1838 a). The neotype is a specimen that was supposedly compared with the type by Friedrich Ohaus in Paris on 5 July 1911 (as indicated on the label). Based on the original description and Ohaus’s label, I am confident that the neotype is virtually identical to the original type.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFD14B48FE8EFCC893F4FB8D.taxon	description	Elgueta of the MNNC, the type for T. virens is not in that collection. No type was found in the NMPC where some F. Philippi specimens are housed. Philippi and Philippi did not label their types at the time (often Philippi types were labeled with only a species name or number or sometimes not at all), but many have been labeled retroactively by P. Germain and others. None of the specimens of Aulacopalpus I borrowed from the museum in Santiago fit the description given by Philippi and Philippi for T. virens. I can only conclude that the original type was lost from that collection. The original type was a female from San Fernando (Colchagua). The neotype was collected in the nearby province of Maule (less than 200 km away) and closely matches the original description of Philippi and Philippi (1864). Tribostethes virens was placed in synonymy with A. viridis by Ohaus (1905). Description. Male (n = 78): Length 11.7 – 16.3 mm. Width 6.5 – 8.9 mm. Color: dorsally light to dark olive green, sometimes greenish­brown; venter brownish­yellow to yellowish­brown. Head: Figure 5. Dorsal surface densely punctate, sparsely setose, punctures moderately large; setae long, slender, tawny to cream­colored. Frontoclypeal suture complete, weakly bisinuate. Labrum moderately produced medially with triangular tooth. Maxillary palpus with terminal segment greatly enlarged, elongate (larger than antennal club), with deep sulcus. Mentum with surface moderately setose, apex reflexed into oral cavity. Antenna 9 ­ or 10 ­ segmented (segments 5 and 6 sometimes fused), club slightly shorter that combined basal segments. Pronotum: midline with apical half weakly depressed. Surface moderately to densely punctate with moderately­sized punctures; moderately setose in apical third and along lateral edges; setae long, slender, tawny to creamcolored. Scutellum: Shape parabolic: 1.3 times wider than long medially. Surface glabrous, moderately punctate with moderately­sized punctures. Elytron: Surface glabrous, longitudinal striae punctate, moderately impressed; punctures moderately­sized, separated by 2 – 6 puncture widths; interval sparsely punctate with moderately­sized punctures. Epipleuron with row of dense setae just ventral to bead medially, absent in apical and basal 1 / 5. Pygidium: Width 2.1 times length medially. Surface sparsely punctate, sparsely to moderately setose; punctures small; setae cream­colored. Venter: Thorax densely setose; setae long, cream­colored. Legs: Protibia with 3 subequally large teeth in apical half. Tarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared with other claw, apex bifurcate (similar to Fig. 7). Tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth (similar to Fig. 6). Meso­ and metatibia with apical spurs slender, acute. Mesotibial apex with 12 – 13 spinules. Metatibial apex with 17 – 20 spinules. Parameres: Figure 18. Basally with broad, medial furrow. Female (n = 20): Length 13.3 – 15.3 mm. Width 7.1 – 9.0 mm. As male except in the following respects. Head: Maxillary palpus with terminal segment not enlarged or elongate (smaller than antennal club). Legs: Tarsal claws with modified claw with ventral tooth, not thickened when compared with other claw, apex not bifurcate (similar to Fig. 8). Meso­ and metatibia with apical spurs broader, blunter.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFD14B48FE8EFCC893F4FB8D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from all other species in the genus Aulacopalpus by the following combination of characters: antennal club not elongated (length much shorter than head); male maxillary palpus with terminal segment greatly elongated (length greater than antennal club length); head, pronotum, and elytron light to dark olive green; all male tarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared with other claw and with apex bifurcate; all female tarsal claws with modified claw with ventral tooth and not thickened when compared with other claw; and tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth; parameres basally without broad, medial furrow. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 421 CMNC, CNCI, FMNH, MGFT, MNNC, UMRM, USNM.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFD14B48FE8EFCC893F4FB8D.taxon	materials_examined	CHILE (98). ARAUCO (23): San Alfonso (above Caramávida). LINARES (26): Linares. MALLECO (27): Angol, Collipulli, Mininco. MAULE (7): Tregualemu. ÑUBLE (1): Chillán. SANTIAGO (7): El Canelo, Leyda. VALDI­ VIA (1): Valdivia. NO DATA (2). Temporal Data. April (2), May (2), June (1), August (2), September (24), October (24) November (3), December (13).	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFD14B48FE8EFCC893F4FB8D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The males of A. viridis are easily separated from other species of Aulacopalpus due to the greatly enlarged terminal segment of the maxillary palpus. Two aspects of the original description by Guérin­Méneville (1838 a) and redescriptions by Guérin­Méneville (1844) and Burmeister (1844) led to confusion over the true identity of this species: 1) it was described as having ‘‘ simple, unequal tarsal claws, ’’ which is incorrect (the tarsal claws are split in males and toothed in females); 2) the type locality for the species was listed as Lima, Peru, which is also incorrect (the specimen [s] examined by Guérin­ Méneville were probably collected in central Chile). Solier (1851) and Blanchard (1851) both remarked that A. viridis was actually from Chile noting that ‘‘ entomologists frequently confuse insect collections originating from the two regions (Peru and Chile) even though they are so different. ’’ The confusion probably led Philippi and Philippi to describe Tribostethes virens (a synonym of A. viridis) in 1864. Tribostethes virens was described using one female specimen that has been lost or destroyed since it is not in the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile. Philippi and Philippi (1864) described the original type for T. virens as a female with a mainly greenish dorsal surface and ‘‘ maxillary palpus very large with the apical segment almost 1.5 times as long as the other segments, with a deep furrow extending almost the whole length of the segment. ’’ Ohaus (1905) commented, ‘‘ I determined that Tribostethes virens F. Philippi is synonymous with Aulacopalpus viridis; the description of this species fits exactly with fresh specimens of the latter species. ’’ After careful examination of the original description and many specimens, I agree with Ohaus’s decision to synonymize T. virens with A. viridis, and I selected an appropriate neotype for both names.	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFD54B4CFEFCFA6690BCFF60.taxon	description	Aulacopalpus, original description, distribution]. 424 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFD54B4CFEFCFA6690BCFF60.taxon	description	1864: 321 [original description].	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFD74B4CFEDDFED490DCFDAB.taxon	description	Tribostethes ciliatus, Blanchard 1851: 226 [catalog listing]; Burmeister 1855: 526 [comparison with Brachysternus castaneus]; Harold 1869 a: 1231 [catalog listing].	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFD64B4DFED5FC369306FBFD.taxon	description	Aulacopalpus, original description, distribution].	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFD64B52FE8AFBA39352FE36.taxon	description	THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 427 320 [original description].	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFC94B53FF10FA1192B0FF60.taxon	description	428 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56 (3), 2002 [180 [catalog listing]; Blackwelder 1944: 247 [checklist]; Gutiérrez 1947: 313 [distribution]; Gutiérrez 1949: 34 [list]; Machatschke 1965: 65 [catalog listing]; Machatschke 1972: 307 [catalog listing]; Jameson and Smith 2002: this issue [key to species of Brachysternus, redescription, distribution, biology]; Smith 2002: this paper [phylogenetics]. 160, 166, 167 [redescription]; Kolbe 1907: 67 [catalog listing]; Ohaus 1909: 4, 10, 15, 19 locality data, key to species of Brachysternus, comment on morphology]; Ohaus 1918:	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFCB4B51FE91FCB1931EFA54.taxon	description	Brachysternus vicinus Guérin­Méneville 1840: 300 [original description]; Burmeister 1844: 461 [redescription]; Solier 1851: 86 [comparison with Brachysternus viridis]; Blan­ chard 1851: 226 [catalog listing as variety of Brachysternus viridis]; Burmeister 1855: 526 [list]; Lacordaire 1856: 375 [list of species in Brachysternus]; Philippi 1861: 741 [listed as possible synonym of Brachysternus prasinus]; Harold 1869 a: 1231 [catalog listing as variety of Brachysternus prasinus]; Ohaus 1905: 154, 166 [listed as possible synonym of Brachysternus prasinus]; Ohaus 1918: 181 [catalog listing]; Blackwelder 1944: 247 [checklist]; Machatschke 1965: 66 [catalog listing]; Machatschke 1972: 308 [catalog listing]; Jameson and Smith 2002: this issue [lectotype designated, placed in synonymy with Brachysternus prasinus].	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFCB4B51FE91FCB1931EFA54.taxon	description	[comment on morphology]. Tribostethes vicinus, Harold 1869 a: 1231 [new combination, catalog listing, placed in synonym with Tribostethes castaneus].	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
66722E7CFFCC4B57FF1AFF379308FD88.taxon	description	Brachysternina, key to genera of Brachysternina].	en	Smith, Andrew B. T. (2002): Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3): 379-437, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0379:ROTSSA]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0379:rotssa]2.0.co;2
