identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
660987ABFFAF212BFDC9FF09FF452880.text	660987ABFFAF212BFDC9FF09FF452880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baccharis (Baccharis)	<div><p>1. Baccharis subgen. Baccharis. Type: — Baccharis halimifolia L. (conserved type)</p> <p>The sections described below are assigned to Baccharis subgen. Baccharis on the basis of the male florets with pistilodium apex bearing sweeping hairs distinctly longer than the basal and terminal ones, corollas of female florets without a subapical wreath of trichomes, mostly deciduous pappus of female florets, and cypselae glabrous, ≥5- ribbed.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/660987ABFFAF212BFDC9FF09FF452880	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heiden, Gustavo;Pirani, José Rubens	Heiden, Gustavo, Pirani, José Rubens (2016): Novelties towards a phylogenetic infrageneric classification of Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Phytotaxa 289 (3): 285-290, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9
660987ABFFAF212BFDC9FE31FCDC2C90.text	660987ABFFAF212BFDC9FE31FCDC2C90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baccharis (sect. Andina) G. Heiden 2016	<div><p>1.1. Baccharis sect. Andina G. Heiden, sect. nov. Type: — Baccharis lehmannii Klatt</p> <p>Baccharis sect. Andina embraces shrubs or treelets with capitula in terminal glomerules or secondary capitula, and differs from B. sect. Agglomeratae Giuliano (2001: 535) by capitula with 20–115 (vs. 3–15) florets.</p> <p>Some of the species assigned to B. sect. Andina were included by Cuatrecasas (1967) in B. sect. Involucratae Heering (1905: 17), whose type is B. conferta Kunth (1818: 55), a species belonging to B. sect. Baccharis, while B. tricuneata (Linnaeus 1782: 368) Persoon (1807: 424) was considered in B. sect. Cuneifoliae Candolle (1836: 405), which is not closely related and comprises species with solitary capitula occurring in Patagonia. Baccharis sect. Andina is a group of 13 species of shrubs and treelets from the Northern Andes occurring mostly in subpáramos and páramos from Venezuela to Ecuador.</p> <p>Species assigned (13):— B. angelica Benoist, B. balnearia Benoist, B. boyacensis Cuatrec., B. cochensis Hieron., B. emarginata (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Pers., B. grandicapitulata Hieron., B. lehmannii Klatt, B. lloensis Hieron., B. pachycephala Hieron., B. paramicola Cuatrec., B. sinuata Kunth, B. teindalensis Kunth, and B. tricuneata (L.f.) Pers.</p> <p>1.2. Baccharis sect. Axillares (Giuliano 2005: 539) G. Heiden, stat. nov. Baccharis ser. Axillares Giuliano (2005: 539). Type: — Baccharis axillaris DC</p> <p>Baccharis sect. Axillares comprises shrubs and subshrubs with solitary pauciflorus capitula in leaf axils, generally disposed in leafy racemes or panicles of leafy racemes, except for B. umbellata Heiden &amp; Ribas (2012: 24) which have an umbelliform capitulescence.</p> <p>The section was originally described as a series subordinated to B. sect. Cylindricae Heering (1905: 16) by Giuliano (2005), but the type of the section belongs to a lineage not related to the species of B. ser. Cylindricae (Heiden 2014). Hence the new status is here proposed. Baccharis sect. Axillares as defined here is a lineage comprising 13 species that diversified on the high altitude tropical and subtropical grasslands from Southeastern Brazil and on the low altitude temperate grasslands from Southern Brazil and Uruguay.</p> <p>Species assigned (13):— B. aracatubaensis Malag., B. axillaris DC., B. cultrata Baker, B. floccosa Deble &amp; A.S.Oliveira, B. hypericifolia Baker, B. incisa Hook. &amp; Arn., B. leptospermoides DC., B. lymanii G. M. Barroso ex G. Heiden, B. minutiflora Mart. ex Baker, B. sphenophylla Dusén ex Malme, B. trilobata A. S. Oliveira &amp; Marchiori, B. trineura Soria &amp; Zardini, and B. umbellata G. Heiden &amp; Ribas.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/660987ABFFAF212BFDC9FE31FCDC2C90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heiden, Gustavo;Pirani, José Rubens	Heiden, Gustavo, Pirani, José Rubens (2016): Novelties towards a phylogenetic infrageneric classification of Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Phytotaxa 289 (3): 285-290, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9
660987ABFFAF2129FDC9FA41FD8A2BAF.text	660987ABFFAF2129FDC9FA41FD8A2BAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baccharis (sect. Illinitae) G. Heiden 2016	<div><p>1.3. Baccharis sect. Illinitae G. Heiden, sect. nov. Type: — Baccharis illinita DC</p> <p>Baccharis sect. Illinitae comprises geophytic subshrubs (with a thickened underground system) with subopposite, 3- nerved and toothed leaves, differing from B. sect. Tridentatae Giuliano (2005: 537) by the paniculate capitulescences (vs. capitulescences in corymbose or spike-like racemes).</p> <p>The species included in B. sect. Illinita were previously assigned to B. sect. Tridentatae Giuliano (2005: 537). Baccharis sect. Illinitae comprises two species of moist or flooded grasslands from southern and central Brazil and eastern Paraguay.</p> <p>Species assigned (2):— B. illinita DC. and B. illinitoides Malag.</p> <p>2. Baccharis subgen. Coridifoliae (Giuliano in Giuliano &amp; Freire 2011: 339) G. Heiden, stat. nov. Baccharis sect. Coridifoliae Giuliano in Giuliano &amp; Freire (2011: 339). Type:— Baccharis coridifolia DC</p> <p>Baccharis subgen. Coridifoliae is recognized by the linear leaves, capitulescences paniculate or racemose, pistilodium of male florets with short ovate branches, broad corollas of female florets with five papillose teeth and a short style, and cypselae with twin trichomes.</p> <p>Baccharis sect. Coridifoliae is not closely related to B. subgen. Tarchonanthoides Heering (1904: 26) fide Müller (2006). Consequently, the section was removed from B. subgen. Tarchonanthoides to keep it monophyletic (Heiden &amp; Pirani 2016). The lack of the tufted indumentum and a common occurrence of an indumentum of filiform trichomes is one of the main reasons why the species of Baccharis sect. Coridifoliae have been traditionally assigned to B. subgen. Tarchonanthoides. However, B. sect. Coridifoliae is not closely related to the clade containing the type species of B. subgen. Tarchonanthoides, being instead the sister-group of B. subgen. Baccharis (Heiden 2014). Due to its morphological distinctiveness and since it represents a distinct lineage, the section is elevated here to the subgeneric rank.</p> <p>Baccharis subgen. Coridifoliae comprises two sections and ten species assigned below, occurring in moist or dry grasslands and savannahs from Bolivia and central Brazil to central Argentina.</p> <p>2.1. Baccharis sect. Coridifoliae Giuliano in Giuliano &amp; Freire (2011: 339). Type:— Baccharis coridifolia DC Baccharis sect. Coridifoliae is characterized by the subshrubby habit with a common presence of a thickened underground system or rhizomes, and by the pluriseriate pappus of female florets strongly accrescent at maturity. It comprises eight species occurring in grasslands and savannahs from Bolivia and central Brazil to central Argentina.</p> <p>Species assigned (8):— B. albilanosa A. S. Oliveira &amp; Deble, B. artemisioides Hook.&amp;Arn., B. bicolor (Joch. Müll.) G. Heiden, B. coridifolia DC., B. erigeroides DC., B. napaea G. Heiden, B. ochracea Spreng., and B. suberectifolia A. S. Oliveira &amp; Deble.</p> <p>2.2. Baccharis sect. Pluricephalae (Deble 2012: 15) G. Heiden, comb. nov. Lanugothamnus sect. Pluricephalae Deble (2012: 15). Type:— Lanugothamnus scabrifolius (G. Heiden) Deble [= Baccharis scabrifolia G. Heiden] Baccharis sect. Pluricephalae is characterized by the shrubby habit and the uniseriate pappus of female florets not accrescent at maturity. It comprises two narrowly endemic species from southern Brazil, occurring in highland marshes and peat bogs.</p> <p>Species assigned (2):— B. pluricapitulata (Deble) G. Heiden and B. scabrifolia G. Heiden.</p> <p>3. Baccharis subgen. Heterothalamulopsis (Deble et al. 2004: 1) G. Heiden, comb. et stat. nov. Heterothalamulopsis Deble et al. (2004: 1). Type: — Heterothalamulopsis wagenitzii (F.H. Hellw.) Deble, A.S. Oliveira &amp; Marchiori [= Baccharis wagenitzii (F.H. Hellw.) Joch. Müll.]</p> <p>Baccharis subgen. Heterothalamulopsis is characterized by the capitula arranged in terminal glomerules, pistilodium apex of male florets with short ovate branches, paleate female capitula and female florets bearing apically rayed corollas.</p> <p>Hellwig (2003) described Heterothalamus wagenitzii Hellwig (2003: 135) as a dioecious species belonging to a gynodioecious group of Baccharidinae. Later, Deble et al. (2004) segregated Heterothalamulopsis as a monospecific genus distinct of Heterothalamus based on its dioecy. Müller (2006) synonimized Heterothalamus with Baccharis arguing that sexual expression does not justify the segregation of genera within Baccharidinae, and provided the new combination B. wagenitzii (F.H. Hellw.) Müller (2006: 306) including this species with the dioecious B. boliviensis (Weddel 1856: 179) Cabrera (1975: 256), originally described in Heterothalamus, plus the gynodioecious species B. aliena (Sprengel 1826: 446) Müller (2006: 305) and B. psiadioides (Lessing 1831: 504) Müller (2006: 306) in the “ Heterothalamus group”. Giuliano &amp; Freire (2011) provided the new combination and status Baccharis sect. Heterothalamus including the same species of Müller (2006) plus B. hyemalis Deble in Oliveira et al. (2006: 20) (= Heterothalamus rupestris Deble et al. 2003: 1). The three gynodioecious species described in Heterothalamus are closely related to each other and belong to B. subgen. Heterothalamus sect. Heterothalamus, while the other two dioecious species described in Heterothalamus are not closely related to this lineage. Baccharis boliviensis belongs to B. subgen. Molina sect. Pseudobaccharis (Cabrera 1944: 246) Cuatrecasas (1982: 168), while B. wagenitzii is an isolated lineage sister to the clade B. subgen. Coridifoliae + B. subgen. Baccharis (Heiden 2014).</p> <p>Due to its phylogenetic position, the new combinations and rank changes B. subgen. Heterothalamulopsis and B. sect. Heterothalamulopsis are provided to accommodate this species at subgeneric and sectional ranks. Thus, B. sect. Heterothalamulopsis is the only known section to belong to the subgenus and B. wagenitzii, a rupiculous shrub found in isolated basaltic cliffs in southern Brazil, is the only species known belonging to this intriguing lineage.</p> <p>3.1. Baccharis sect. Heterothalamulopsis (Deble et al. 2004: 1) G. Heiden, comb. et stat. nov. Heterothalamulopsis Deble et al. (2004: 1). Type: — Heterothalamulopsis wagenitzii (F.H. Hellw.) Deble, A.S. Oliveira &amp; Marchiori [Baccharis wagenitzii (F.H. Hellw.) Joch. Müll.]</p> <p>Species assigned (1):— B. wagenitzii (F.H. Hellw.) Joch. Müll.</p> <p>4. Baccharis subgen. Heterothalamus (Lessing 1830: 145) G. Heiden, comb. et stat. nov. Heterothalamus Lessing (1830: 145). Type: — Marshallia aliena Spreng. [= Baccharis aliena (Spreng.) Joch.Müll.]</p> <p>Baccharis subgen. Heterothalamus is characterized by the combination of glandular-punctate leaves crowded at the distal parts of branches, capitula arranged in corymbiform racemes or panicles, rarely isolate capitula, male florets with pistilodium style apex bearing short lanceolate lobes, paleate female capitula, apically irregularly denticulate short-rayed female corollas and cypselae 3–7-ribbed.</p> <p>Baccharis subgen. Heterothalamus is recognized at subgeneric rank and the new combination is here provided. The subgenus comprises three sections and only seven species. The relationship of the sections here included in B. subgen. Heterothalamus was not formally recognized before. Albeit differing sharply in habitat and habit from the species of B. sect. Heterothalamus, B. acaulis (Weddel ex Fries 1905: 79) Cabrera (1975: 255) was originally described in the genus Heterothalamus, while the species assigned to the new B. sect. Bradeanae were coincidently named on herbarium labels as Heterothalamus, prior to the valid publication of its species in Baccharis. The three lineages are disjunct, occurring in Serra do Caparaó, Southeastern Brazil, along the Andes or in Pampean mountains and hilly ranges of Argentina, southern Brazil and Uruguay. The sections and species discussed below are assigned to Baccharis subgen. Heterothalamus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/660987ABFFAF2129FDC9FA41FD8A2BAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heiden, Gustavo;Pirani, José Rubens	Heiden, Gustavo, Pirani, José Rubens (2016): Novelties towards a phylogenetic infrageneric classification of Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Phytotaxa 289 (3): 285-290, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9
660987ABFFAD212EFDC9FD20FAA529C2.text	660987ABFFAD212EFDC9FD20FAA529C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baccharis (sect. Bradeanae) G. Heiden 2016	<div><p>4.1. Baccharis sect. Bradeanae G. Heiden, sect. nov. Type:— Baccharis dubia Deble &amp; A. S. Oliveira</p> <p>Similar to Baccharis sect. Heterothalamus, from which it differs by the functionally male capitula bearing cream to whitish florets with 1–2 series of neutral or functionally female short-rayed florets, and the female capitula bearing whitish short-rayed female florets.</p> <p>The new section comprises two species, both endemic to the Serra do Caparaó in southeastern Brazil. The section is named to honor the German botanist Alexander Curt Brade (1881–1971) who worked at the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro and did extensive collections in Serra do Caparaó. The oldest known specimens of B. dubia Deble &amp; Oliveira (2006: 10) and B. magnifica Heiden et al. (2014: 212) were collected by Brade. The Brazilian botanist Graziela Maciel Barroso (1912–2003) named in schedula specimens of B. dubia as Heterothalamus bradei, but this binomial was never published. In order to keep Barroso’s original idea of honoring Brade, the name of the section is here dedicated to him.</p> <p>Species assigned (2):— B. dubia Deble &amp; A. S. Oliveira and B. magnifica G. Heiden, Leoni &amp; Nakajima.</p> <p>4.2. Baccharis sect. Heterothalamus (Lessing 1830: 145) Giuliano in Giuliano &amp; Freire (2011: 343). Type:— Marshallia aliena Spreng. [= Baccharis aliena (Spreng.) Joch. Müll.]</p> <p>Baccharis sect. Heterothalamus is characterized by gynodioecious species. The functionally male capitula are heterogamous, and bear yellow florets with 1–2 series of neutral or functionally female long-rayed florets in the margins and functionally male tubular florets in the disc. The female capitula are homogamous and bears greenish short-rayed female florets.</p> <p>The perfectly dioecious Baccharis (Heterothalamus) boliviensis and B. (Heterothalamus) wagenitizii previously associated by Giuliano &amp; Freire (2011) with the other species of Baccharis sect. Heterothalamus are not related to the type species of this section, which comprises three species occurring in central Argentina, southern Brazil and Uruguay.</p> <p>Species assigned (3):— B. aliena (Spreng.) Joch. Müll., B. hyemalis Deble, and B. psiadioides (Less.) Joch. Müll.</p> <p>4.3. Baccharis sect. Psila (Philippi 1891: 36) Cuatrecasas (1982: 168). Type:— Psila caespitosa Phil. [= Baccharis acaulis (Wedd. ex R. E. Fr.) Cabrera]</p> <p>Baccharis sect. Psila is characterized by halophylous, shrubby cryptophytes with long and multibranched subterraneous rhizomes bearing deciduous scales, and presenting ephemeral aerial branches bearing solitary capitula subtended by leafy rosettes.</p> <p>The section comprises two species restricted to salt plains, marshes and streams in high elevation areas along the Andes.</p> <p>Species assigned (2):— B. acaulis (Wedd. ex R. E. Fr.) Cabrera, B. davidsonii Cuatrec.</p> <p>5. Baccharis subgen. Molina (Persoon 1807: 424) Heering (1904: 40). Molina Ruiz &amp; Pavón (1794: 111). Baccharis “group” Molina (Persoon 1807: 424). Lectotype (designated by Cuatrecasas 1967): — Molina latifolia Ruiz &amp; Pav. [= Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Pers.]</p> <p>The section described below is assigned to Baccharis subgen. Molina on the basis of the style apex of the pistilodium of the male florets near entirely cleft into lanceolate branches, and the cypselae covered by twin trichomes.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/660987ABFFAD212EFDC9FD20FAA529C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heiden, Gustavo;Pirani, José Rubens	Heiden, Gustavo, Pirani, José Rubens (2016): Novelties towards a phylogenetic infrageneric classification of Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Phytotaxa 289 (3): 285-290, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9
660987ABFFAA212EFDC9FEF3FC162C0A.text	660987ABFFAA212EFDC9FEF3FC162C0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baccharis (sect. Polifoliae) G. Heiden 2016	<div><p>5.1. Baccharis sect. Polifoliae G. Heiden, sect. nov. Type:— Baccharis polifolia Griseb</p> <p>Baccharis sect. Polifoliae differs from Baccharis sect. Subliguliflorae Giuliano in Giuliano &amp; Freire (2001: 145) by the 1-nerved leaves with tomentose abaxial surface (vs. 3-nerved leaves and puberulous abaxial surface).</p> <p>Baccharis sect. Polifoliae comprises, by now, only B. polifolia Grisebach (1874: 176), which was previously positioned by Giuliano &amp; Freire (2011) in B. sect. Subliguliflorae. Phylogenetic evidence shows that B. polifolia is not closely related to this section, neither to any other of the described sections; instead, B. polifolia is placed in a clade with B. sect. Arenariae Giuliano in Giuliano &amp; Freire (2011: 340) and B. sect. Pseudobaccharis Cuatrecasas (1982: 168), showing unresolved relationships with them (Heiden 2014). Baccharis sect. Polifolia occurs in the Andes from northwestern Argentina to southwestern Bolivia.</p> <p>Species assigned (1):— B. polifolia Griseb.</p> <p>6. Baccharis subgen. Oblongifoliae (Candolle 1836: 416) G. Heiden, stat. nov. Baccharis sect. Oblongifoliae Candolle (1836: 416). Lectotype (designated by Cuatrecasas 1967): — Molina oblongifolia Ruiz &amp; Pav. [= Baccharis oblongifolia (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Pers.]</p> <p>Baccharis subgen. Oblongifoliae is characterized by the combination of female capitula with plane paleae, apically 5-dentate female corollas, pappus not accrescent at cypsela maturity and pistilodium apex of male florets rhombic, bearing sweeping hairs of unequal size.</p> <p>Baccharis subgen. Oblongifoliae is recognized at subgeneric rank and the new status is here provided. Baccharis sect. Oblongifoliae is the only known section belonging to this subgenus and comprises 17 species assigned below, occurring mostly in the very summits of the main mountainous ranges of South America, in highland riverine vegetation or in montane forests, with the highest diversity found in southeastern Brazil.</p> <p>6.1. Baccharis sect. Oblongifoliae Candolle (1836: 416). Lectotype (designated by Cuatrecasas 1967): — Molina oblongifolia Ruiz &amp; Pav. [= Baccharis oblongifolia (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Pers.]</p> <p>Species assigned (17):— B. alpestris Gardner, B. antioquensis Killip &amp; Cuatrec., B. ciliata Gardner, B. coronata Giuliano, B. crassipappa Deble &amp;A.S. Oliveira, B. cutervensis Hieron., B. densa (N.E. Br.) V.M. Badillo, B. dichotoma G. Heiden &amp; L.D. Meireles, B. friburgensis G. Heiden, Baumgratz &amp; Esteves, B. grandimucronata I.L. Teodoro &amp; J. Vidal, B. ligustrina DC., B. macrophylla Dusén, B. meridensis Steyerm., B. myricifolia DC., B. oblongifolia (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Pers., B. rufidula (Spreng.) Joch. Müll., and B. vismioides DC.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/660987ABFFAA212EFDC9FEF3FC162C0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heiden, Gustavo;Pirani, José Rubens	Heiden, Gustavo, Pirani, José Rubens (2016): Novelties towards a phylogenetic infrageneric classification of Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Phytotaxa 289 (3): 285-290, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9
