taxonID	type	description	language	source
660987ABFFAF212BFDC9FF09FF452880.taxon	description	The sections described below are assigned to Baccharis subgen. Baccharis on the basis of the male florets with pistilodium apex bearing sweeping hairs distinctly longer than the basal and terminal ones, corollas of female florets without a subapical wreath of trichomes, mostly deciduous pappus of female florets, and cypselae glabrous, ≥ 5 - ribbed.	en	Heiden, Gustavo, Pirani, José Rubens (2016): Novelties towards a phylogenetic infrageneric classification of Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Phytotaxa 289 (3): 285-290, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9
660987ABFFAF212BFDC9FE31FCDC2C90.taxon	description	Species assigned (13): — B. angelica Benoist, B. balnearia Benoist, B. boyacensis Cuatrec., B. cochensis Hieron., B. emarginata (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., B. grandicapitulata Hieron., B. lehmannii Klatt, B. lloensis Hieron., B. pachycephala Hieron., B. paramicola Cuatrec., B. sinuata Kunth, B. teindalensis Kunth, and B. tricuneata (L. f.) Pers. 1.2. Baccharis sect. Axillares (Giuliano 2005: 539) G. Heiden, stat. nov. Baccharis ser. Axillares Giuliano (2005: 539). Type: — Baccharis axillaris DC	en	Heiden, Gustavo, Pirani, José Rubens (2016): Novelties towards a phylogenetic infrageneric classification of Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Phytotaxa 289 (3): 285-290, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9
660987ABFFAF212BFDC9FE31FCDC2C90.taxon	description	Species assigned (13): — B. aracatubaensis Malag., B. axillaris DC., B. cultrata Baker, B. floccosa Deble & A. S. Oliveira, B. hypericifolia Baker, B. incisa Hook. & Arn., B. leptospermoides DC., B. lymanii G. M. Barroso ex G. Heiden, B. minutiflora Mart. ex Baker, B. sphenophylla Dusén ex Malme, B. trilobata A. S. Oliveira & Marchiori, B. trineura Soria & Zardini, and B. umbellata G. Heiden & Ribas.	en	Heiden, Gustavo, Pirani, José Rubens (2016): Novelties towards a phylogenetic infrageneric classification of Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Phytotaxa 289 (3): 285-290, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9
660987ABFFAF2129FDC9FA41FD8A2BAF.taxon	description	Species assigned (2): — B. illinita DC. and B. illinitoides Malag. 2. Baccharis subgen. Coridifoliae (Giuliano in Giuliano & Freire 2011: 339) G. Heiden, stat. nov. Baccharis sect. Coridifoliae Giuliano in Giuliano & Freire (2011: 339). Type: — Baccharis coridifolia DC Baccharis subgen. Coridifoliae is recognized by the linear leaves, capitulescences paniculate or racemose, pistilodium of male florets with short ovate branches, broad corollas of female florets with five papillose teeth and a short style, and cypselae with twin trichomes.	en	Heiden, Gustavo, Pirani, José Rubens (2016): Novelties towards a phylogenetic infrageneric classification of Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Phytotaxa 289 (3): 285-290, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9
660987ABFFAF2129FDC9FA41FD8A2BAF.taxon	description	2.1. Baccharis sect. Coridifoliae Giuliano in Giuliano & Freire (2011: 339). Type: — Baccharis coridifolia DC Baccharis sect. Coridifoliae is characterized by the subshrubby habit with a common presence of a thickened underground system or rhizomes, and by the pluriseriate pappus of female florets strongly accrescent at maturity. It comprises eight species occurring in grasslands and savannahs from Bolivia and central Brazil to central Argentina. Species assigned (8): — B. albilanosa A. S. Oliveira & Deble, B. artemisioides Hook. & Arn., B. bicolor (Joch. Müll.) G. Heiden, B. coridifolia DC., B. erigeroides DC., B. napaea G. Heiden, B. ochracea Spreng., and B. suberectifolia A. S. Oliveira & Deble. 2.2. Baccharis sect. Pluricephalae (Deble 2012: 15) G. Heiden, comb. nov. Lanugothamnus sect. Pluricephalae Deble (2012: 15). Type: — Lanugothamnus scabrifolius (G. Heiden) Deble [= Baccharis scabrifolia G. Heiden] Baccharis sect. Pluricephalae is characterized by the shrubby habit and the uniseriate pappus of female florets not accrescent at maturity. It comprises two narrowly endemic species from southern Brazil, occurring in highland marshes and peat bogs. Species assigned (2): — B. pluricapitulata (Deble) G. Heiden and B. scabrifolia G. Heiden. 3. Baccharis subgen. Heterothalamulopsis (Deble et al. 2004: 1) G. Heiden, comb. et stat. nov. Heterothalamulopsis Deble et al. (2004: 1). Type: — Heterothalamulopsis wagenitzii (F. H. Hellw.) Deble, A. S. Oliveira & Marchiori [= Baccharis wagenitzii (F. H. Hellw.) Joch. Müll.] Baccharis subgen. Heterothalamulopsis is characterized by the capitula arranged in terminal glomerules, pistilodium apex of male florets with short ovate branches, paleate female capitula and female florets bearing apically rayed corollas. Hellwig (2003) described Heterothalamus wagenitzii Hellwig (2003: 135) as a dioecious species belonging to a gynodioecious group of Baccharidinae. Later, Deble et al. (2004) segregated Heterothalamulopsis as a monospecific genus distinct of Heterothalamus based on its dioecy. Müller (2006) synonimized Heterothalamus with Baccharis arguing that sexual expression does not justify the segregation of genera within Baccharidinae, and provided the new combination B. wagenitzii (F. H. Hellw.) Müller (2006: 306) including this species with the dioecious B. boliviensis (Weddel 1856: 179) Cabrera (1975: 256), originally described in Heterothalamus, plus the gynodioecious species B. aliena (Sprengel 1826: 446) Müller (2006: 305) and B. psiadioides (Lessing 1831: 504) Müller (2006: 306) in the “ Heterothalamus group ”. Giuliano & Freire (2011) provided the new combination and status Baccharis sect. Heterothalamus including the same species of Müller (2006) plus B. hyemalis Deble in Oliveira et al. (2006: 20) (= Heterothalamus rupestris Deble et al. 2003: 1). The three gynodioecious species described in Heterothalamus are closely related to each other and belong to B. subgen. Heterothalamus sect. Heterothalamus, while the other two dioecious species described in Heterothalamus are not closely related to this lineage. Baccharis boliviensis belongs to B. subgen. Molina sect. Pseudobaccharis (Cabrera 1944: 246) Cuatrecasas (1982: 168), while B. wagenitzii is an isolated lineage sister to the clade B. subgen. Coridifoliae + B. subgen. Baccharis (Heiden 2014). Due to its phylogenetic position, the new combinations and rank changes B. subgen. Heterothalamulopsis and B. sect. Heterothalamulopsis are provided to accommodate this species at subgeneric and sectional ranks. Thus, B. sect. Heterothalamulopsis is the only known section to belong to the subgenus and B. wagenitzii, a rupiculous shrub found in isolated basaltic cliffs in southern Brazil, is the only species known belonging to this intriguing lineage. 3.1. Baccharis sect. Heterothalamulopsis (Deble et al. 2004: 1) G. Heiden, comb. et stat. nov. Heterothalamulopsis Deble et al. (2004: 1). Type: — Heterothalamulopsis wagenitzii (F. H. Hellw.) Deble, A. S. Oliveira & Marchiori [Baccharis wagenitzii (F. H. Hellw.) Joch. Müll.] Species assigned (1): — B. wagenitzii (F. H. Hellw.) Joch. Müll. 4. Baccharis subgen. Heterothalamus (Lessing 1830: 145) G. Heiden, comb. et stat. nov. Heterothalamus Lessing (1830: 145). Type: — Marshallia aliena Spreng. [= Baccharis aliena (Spreng.) Joch. Müll.] Baccharis subgen. Heterothalamus is characterized by the combination of glandular-punctate leaves crowded at the distal parts of branches, capitula arranged in corymbiform racemes or panicles, rarely isolate capitula, male florets with pistilodium style apex bearing short lanceolate lobes, paleate female capitula, apically irregularly denticulate short-rayed female corollas and cypselae 3 – 7 - ribbed.	en	Heiden, Gustavo, Pirani, José Rubens (2016): Novelties towards a phylogenetic infrageneric classification of Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Phytotaxa 289 (3): 285-290, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9
660987ABFFAD212EFDC9FD20FAA529C2.taxon	description	Similar to Baccharis sect. Heterothalamus, from which it differs by the functionally male capitula bearing cream to whitish florets with 1 – 2 series of neutral or functionally female short-rayed florets, and the female capitula bearing whitish short-rayed female florets. The new section comprises two species, both endemic to the Serra do Caparaó in southeastern Brazil. The section is named to honor the German botanist Alexander Curt Brade (1881 – 1971) who worked at the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro and did extensive collections in Serra do Caparaó. The oldest known specimens of B. dubia Deble & Oliveira (2006: 10) and B. magnifica Heiden et al. (2014: 212) were collected by Brade. The Brazilian botanist Graziela Maciel Barroso (1912 – 2003) named in schedula specimens of B. dubia as Heterothalamus bradei, but this binomial was never published. In order to keep Barroso’s original idea of honoring Brade, the name of the section is here dedicated to him. Species assigned (2): — B. dubia Deble & A. S. Oliveira and B. magnifica G. Heiden, Leoni & Nakajima. 4.2. Baccharis sect. Heterothalamus (Lessing 1830: 145) Giuliano in Giuliano & Freire (2011: 343). Type: — Marshallia aliena Spreng. [= Baccharis aliena (Spreng.) Joch. Müll.] Baccharis sect. Heterothalamus is characterized by gynodioecious species. The functionally male capitula are heterogamous, and bear yellow florets with 1 – 2 series of neutral or functionally female long-rayed florets in the margins and functionally male tubular florets in the disc. The female capitula are homogamous and bears greenish short-rayed female florets. The perfectly dioecious Baccharis (Heterothalamus) boliviensis and B. (Heterothalamus) wagenitizii previously associated by Giuliano & Freire (2011) with the other species of Baccharis sect. Heterothalamus are not related to the type species of this section, which comprises three species occurring in central Argentina, southern Brazil and Uruguay. Species assigned (3): — B. aliena (Spreng.) Joch. Müll., B. hyemalis Deble, and B. psiadioides (Less.) Joch. Müll. 4.3. Baccharis sect. Psila (Philippi 1891: 36) Cuatrecasas (1982: 168). Type: — Psila caespitosa Phil. [= Baccharis acaulis (Wedd. ex R. E. Fr.) Cabrera] Baccharis sect. Psila is characterized by halophylous, shrubby cryptophytes with long and multibranched subterraneous rhizomes bearing deciduous scales, and presenting ephemeral aerial branches bearing solitary capitula subtended by leafy rosettes. The section comprises two species restricted to salt plains, marshes and streams in high elevation areas along the Andes. Species assigned (2): — B. acaulis (Wedd. ex R. E. Fr.) Cabrera, B. davidsonii Cuatrec. 5. Baccharis subgen. Molina (Persoon 1807: 424) Heering (1904: 40). Molina Ruiz & Pavón (1794: 111). Baccharis “ group ” Molina (Persoon 1807: 424). Lectotype (designated by Cuatrecasas 1967): — Molina latifolia Ruiz & Pav. [= Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.] The section described below is assigned to Baccharis subgen. Molina on the basis of the style apex of the pistilodium of the male florets near entirely cleft into lanceolate branches, and the cypselae covered by twin trichomes.	en	Heiden, Gustavo, Pirani, José Rubens (2016): Novelties towards a phylogenetic infrageneric classification of Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Phytotaxa 289 (3): 285-290, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9
660987ABFFAA212EFDC9FEF3FC162C0A.taxon	description	Baccharis sect. Polifoliae differs from Baccharis sect. Subliguliflorae Giuliano in Giuliano & Freire (2001: 145) by the 1 - nerved leaves with tomentose abaxial surface (vs. 3 - nerved leaves and puberulous abaxial surface).	en	Heiden, Gustavo, Pirani, José Rubens (2016): Novelties towards a phylogenetic infrageneric classification of Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Phytotaxa 289 (3): 285-290, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9
660987ABFFAA212EFDC9FEF3FC162C0A.taxon	description	6. Baccharis subgen. Oblongifoliae (Candolle 1836: 416) G. Heiden, stat. nov. Baccharis sect. Oblongifoliae Candolle (1836: 416). Lectotype (designated by Cuatrecasas 1967): — Molina oblongifolia Ruiz & Pav. [= Baccharis oblongifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.] Baccharis subgen. Oblongifoliae is characterized by the combination of female capitula with plane paleae, apically 5 - dentate female corollas, pappus not accrescent at cypsela maturity and pistilodium apex of male florets rhombic, bearing sweeping hairs of unequal size. Baccharis subgen. Oblongifoliae is recognized at subgeneric rank and the new status is here provided. Baccharis sect. Oblongifoliae is the only known section belonging to this subgenus and comprises 17 species assigned below, occurring mostly in the very summits of the main mountainous ranges of South America, in highland riverine vegetation or in montane forests, with the highest diversity found in southeastern Brazil. 6.1. Baccharis sect. Oblongifoliae Candolle (1836: 416). Lectotype (designated by Cuatrecasas 1967): — Molina oblongifolia Ruiz & Pav. [= Baccharis oblongifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.] Species assigned (17): — B. alpestris Gardner, B. antioquensis Killip & Cuatrec., B. ciliata Gardner, B. coronata Giuliano, B. crassipappa Deble & A. S. Oliveira, B. cutervensis Hieron., B. densa (N. E. Br.) V. M. Badillo, B. dichotoma G. Heiden & L. D. Meireles, B. friburgensis G. Heiden, Baumgratz & Esteves, B. grandimucronata I. L. Teodoro & J. Vidal, B. ligustrina DC., B. macrophylla Dusén, B. meridensis Steyerm., B. myricifolia DC., B. oblongifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., B. rufidula (Spreng.) Joch. Müll., and B. vismioides DC.	en	Heiden, Gustavo, Pirani, José Rubens (2016): Novelties towards a phylogenetic infrageneric classification of Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Phytotaxa 289 (3): 285-290, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9
