identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BD97B648DB8E5EE092CD99438639F6EE.text	BD97B648DB8E5EE092CD99438639F6EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capparis kenaboiensis Julius 2022	<div><p>Capparis kenaboiensis Julius sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 1, 2, 3</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Vegetatively, this new species resembles Capparis buwaldae Jacobs in having bullate leaves with a long acuminate-caudate apex and distinct reticulation, but C. kenaboiensis differs from C. buwaldae in its terminal (vs. supra-axillary) inflorescences, the absent (vs. present) stem stomata and the smooth (vs. tuberculate) fruit pericarp. The flowers subtended by leaf-like bracts resemble Capparis scortechinii, but are early caducous in the new species.</p><p>Type.</p><p>Peninsular Malaysia. Negeri Sembilan: Jelebu, Kenaboi FR, Gunung Besar Hantu, road sides towards Lata Kijang, 3°11.42'N, 100°59.21'E, 459 m alt., 4 Mar 2014 (fl., fr.), Julius et al. FRI57784 (holotype KEP!; isotypes K!, SAN!, SING!, L!, A!) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Climber 2-8(-12) m long hanging high up on tree. Twigs straight, pubescent when young and soon glabrous. Stipular thorns retrorse, tips 1-2 mm long. Leaves spirally arranged; petioles 8-12 × ca. 1 mm, grooved, slender, not thickened, covered with dense, short, silky white hairs; laminas narrowly elliptic, (5.5-)10-11.5 × (1.5-)3.5-4 cm, chartaceous, bullate, fresh dark green and glossy above, pale green beneath, brownish-green when dry, base acute, margin revolute and entire, apex long acuminate to caudate, with acumen 1-1.5 cm long, glabrous above, hairy beneath, denser on mid-rib and venation; mid-rib sunken above, raised beneath; lateral veins 5-7 pairs, arcuate towards the margin; intercostal veins reticulate, distinct above, prominent beneath. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, racemose, rachis slender and flexuous, conferted towards the top as the buds fall off at bottom part and leave scars, velvety, white hairs throughout; bracts leaf-like, elliptic, 10-25 × 2-5 mm, velvety white hairs on both surfaces, early caducous. Flowers loosely arranged, 10-14, buds globose, 4-5 × 3-5 mm; pedicels 2-2.5 cm long, whitish; sepals 4, thin, cucullate, whitish-green, except reddish at base inside, keeled, 2 pairs, lanceolate, 6-8 × ca. 5 mm, outer pair larger than inner pair, the outer sepals imbricate, covered with dense, white hairs outside, glabrous inside, the inner pair hairy on keel outside, glabrous inside; petals 4, upper pair pinkish and white along margin and laterally connate at base, lower pair whitish-green and free, elliptic ca. 10 × 3 mm, inside densely, silky tomentose hairy, outside glabrous, except densely hairy at base, ciliate along the margin; stamens 18-31, unequal in length, filament whitish, 7-20 mm long, glabrous, except hairy at base, anthers dorsifixed, ca. 1.5 mm long, greenish, apex recurved; ovary ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 mm long, greenish, on gynophore 2-2.5 cm long, stigma obscure. Fruits young green turning brownish to dark purple when ripe, subglobose to pyriform on slender gynophore, 4.5-5 × 5.5-6 cm, pulp pinkish or purplish-red. Seeds 1-4, sarcotesta fleshy, yellowish, testa thin and black.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Endemic in Peninsular Malaysia and known only from the type locality (Fig. 1).</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Secondary forest margin, in light shade.</p><p>Conservation status.</p><p>Capparis kenaboiensis is known from a single locality and is very rare with less than ten individuals found in two subpopulations. The species inhabits a secondary forest margin and by a pathway, which are vulnerable to forest clearing pathways as was observed in 2014 during the botanical survey. Moreover, only two sub-populations were observed during a recent visit in 2019. As the area of occupancy is less than 500 km2 and the declining of habitat, this species is assessed as Vulnerable B2ab(iii), following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2001, 2012).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>Peninsular Malaysia. Negeri Sembilan: Jelebu, Kenaboi FR, G. Besar Hantu, from Taman Alam Liar towards Trail 1, near pathways, 3°12'N, 100°58'E, 530 m alt., 4 Mar 2014 (fl., fr.), Julius et al. FRI57797 (KEP!); road sides towards Lata Kijang, 3°11.42'N, 100°59.21'E, 459 m alt., 23 May 2019 (fr.), Julius et al. FRI 73545 (KEP!) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Capparis kenaboiensis (Figs 2, 3) is characterised by the flowers, loosely arranged in the raceme with each single flower subtended by a leaf-like bract. Vegetatively, Capparis kenaboiensis resembles C. buwaldae from the Seriales-group, but its short racemose inflorescences subtended by leaves are similar to members of the Subumbellates-Group. Characterised further by the small size of flowers with sepals 6-8 mm long and the plants hairy on young parts, Capparis kenaboiensis is best placed within the Subumbellates-Group (Jacobs 1965: 412). Further morphological comparison of this new species with other closely related species is as indicated in the Table 1.</p><p>The ripe fruits of this new species are similar to the edible fruits of Capparis buwaldea - the smell is like a mangosteen, but the flesh is tasteless.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD97B648DB8E5EE092CD99438639F6EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Julius, Avelinah	Julius, Avelinah (2022): Capparis (Capparaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia, including a new species and two new varieties. PhytoKeys 189: 99-127, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.49367, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.49367
DF1941E5E9C15D46BBDD74518FCB7AD2.text	DF1941E5E9C15D46BBDD74518FCB7AD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capparis scortechinii subsp. var. var. ruthiae Julius 2022	<div><p>Capparis scortechinii var. ruthiae Julius var. nov.</p><p>Figures 4, 5</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Recognised in the genus Capparis by the combination of the following characters: the racemes are strictly terminal and compact with flowers subtended by a conspicuous and persistent unguiculate, leaf-like bracts and the smaller [(13-)16-25 × 2-8 mm], greenish, thin leaf-like bracts covered with densely, tomentose, straw hairs on both surfaces soon glabrescent with age and the sepals (inner pair) glabrous along the margin and the filaments and gynophore both entirely glabrous and the petals loosely ciliate along margin.</p><p>Type.</p><p>Peninsular Malaysia. Pahang: Fraser's Hill , 25 Jan 1982 (fl.), Kiew RK 3747 (holotype KLU!) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Climber ca. 1.5 m long or scrambling shrub (height unknown). Twigs straight covered with indumentum of dense, appressed, pale brown hairs soon glabrescent. Stipular thorns retrorse, tips 1-2 mm long. Leaves spirally arranged, but in one plane; petioles 10-15 × ca. 10 mm long, slender, young densely hairy with brown hairs soon glabrescent with age; lamina narrowly elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 8.5-11.5(-13.5) × 2.6-3.6 cm, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, drying brownish-green, base cuneate, margin flat and entire, apex acuminate and slightly caudate, with acumen 5-7(-10) mm long, glabrous above, sparsely hairy, denser on mid-rib beneath; mid-rib flat above, raised beneath; lateral veins 4-6 pairs, sunken above, distinct beneath, reddish when dry, looping towards the margin; intercostal veins reddish, finely reticulate, obscure above, distinct beneath. Inflorescences terminal, elongated racemes, rachis stout, straight, 3-8(-10) cm long, densely hairy with pale brown hairs; bracts leaf-like, unguiculate, lanceolate, (13-)16-25 × 2-8 mm, densely hairy with pale brown hairs on both surfaces. Flowers [in bud] many, compact, buds globose, 4-7 × 3-7 mm; pedicels 4-5 mm long, brownish; sepals 4, thin, green, orbicular to ovate, 4-6 × 4-6 mm, outer pair imbricate, densely hairy with appressed pale brown hairs outside, glabrous inside, inner pair with broadly transparent margin, glabrous on both surfaces; petals 4, pinkish, obovate, 6.5-7 × 4.5-5.5 mm, glabrous on both surfaces, except long, silky hairs at base of dorsal pair and dense, short silky hairs at base of ventral pair inside, loosely, ciliate along margin; stamens numerous, unequal length, filament pinkish, ca. 5-6 mm long, anther dorsifixed, ca. 1.5 × 0.5 mm; ovary ovoid, ca. 1.5 × 2.5 mm, on gynophore ca. 4 mm long, glabrous, stigma obscure. Fruits young green, mature fruit n.v., globose on stout gynophore, ca. 9.5 cm in diameter. Seeds many.</p><p>Vernacular names.</p><p>Susoh beruga, kuku lang (Malay).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Endemic in Peninsular Malaysia, Pahang, known only from Fraser’s Hill and Cameron Highlands (Fig. 4).</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>On degraded hill slopes and open areas along the forest margins, gaps or roadsides, hill forest to lower montane forest at ca. 1280 m elevation.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This new variety is named after Dr Ruth Kiew, collector of type specimen and the Flora of Peninsular Malaysia project co-ordinator and consultant.</p><p>Conservation status.</p><p>Capparis scortechinii var. ruthiae was conspicuous and inhabits forest margins, gaps or pathway near roadsides, but has not been relocated after 1993 at the original localities and adjacent areas even though they have been revisited many times. As the estimated extent of occurrence is less than 500 km2 and the declining of habitat quality, this variety is assessed as a Vulnerable B2ab(iii), following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2001, 2012).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Amongst the known members of Trinervia-group, Capparis scortechinii var. ruthiae (Fig. 5) is closely related to var. Capparis scortechinii scortechinii because both are characterised by the compact racemes. However, the new species has racemes strictly in terminal (but axillary rarely terminal in var. Capparis scortechinii scortechinii) and the leaf-like bracts are smaller and greenish with tomentose, straw hairs on both surfaces, which is glabrescent with age abaxially (compared to a larger and prominent of velvety, shiny, rusty hairs in var. Capparis scortechinii scortechinii). The new variety also differs in its entirely glabrous filament and gynophore (while var. Capparis scortechinii scortechinii has the filament and gynophore densely hairy at the base), the petals are loosely ciliate along the margin (but glabrous in var. Capparis scortechinii scortechinii), and the inner pair of sepals are glabrous along the margin (but ciliate in var. Capparis scortechinii scortechinii).</p><p>Flowers with a vestigial and well-developed gynoecium are presented in Capparis scortechinii var. scortechinii, but only well-developed gynoecium observed in var. Capparis scortechinii ruthiae .</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>Peninsular Malaysia. Pahang: one-way road to Fraser’s Hill, 25 Jan 1982 (fl.), Kiew RK 1116 (KEP!); Fraser’s Hill, 1 Aug 1993 (fl.), A. Zainuddin AZ4636 (KEP!); Fraser's Hill , Jalan kecil to Gap, 19 Jun 1930 (fl.), Kalong FMS22381 (KEP!); Fraser’s Hill, Richmond, 21 Apr 1955 (fr.), Purseglove P 4248 (L- image!, barcode L1856045) Cameron Highlands, 13 Apr 1930 (fr.), Henderson SFN23551 (KEP!, SING!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF1941E5E9C15D46BBDD74518FCB7AD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Julius, Avelinah	Julius, Avelinah (2022): Capparis (Capparaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia, including a new species and two new varieties. PhytoKeys 189: 99-127, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.49367, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.49367
3C109AC557765752B847663FF9039F68.text	3C109AC557765752B847663FF9039F68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capparis trinervia subsp. var. var. chungiana Julius 2022	<div><p>Capparis trinervia var. chungiana Julius var. nov.</p><p>Figures 6, 7, 8</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Recognised in the genus Capparis by the combination of the following characters: the leaves broadly ovate-elliptic, relatively large (13-16 × 5.5-8.5 cm) and leaves drying reddish-brown, rarely pale green with pale yellow and rarely dark red venation, the tertiary venation obscure, the inflorescence strictly terminal with flowers arranged racemosely and becoming crowded at the distal part of the inflorescence, the stamens 30-40 and the fruit globose with ca. 11 cm in diameter.</p><p>Type.</p><p>Peninsular Malaysia. Selangor: Kuala Kubu Bharu to Fraser's Hill Road , along the road side, 17 Apr 1971 (fl.), Mahmud Sidek s.n. (holotype KLU!) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Woody climber 9-12 m long. Twigs straight, covered with velvety, ferruginous hairs and glabrescent with age. Stipular thorns recurved downwards, tips 1.5-3 mm long. Leaves spirally arranged; petioles 15-20 × 2-3 mm, stout, incrassate or thickened, velvety hairy becoming glabrous; lamina broadly ovate sometimes ovate-elliptic, 13-16 × 5.5-8.5 cm, coriaceous to subcoriaceous, surface rugose and usually reddish-brown when dry, rarely pale green, base cuneate or occasionally rounded, margin flat and entire, apex acute or shortly cuspidate, with acumen ca. 4 mm long, glabrous on both surfaces; mid-rib flat above, raised beneath; lateral veins 5-7(-8) pairs, flat above, distinct beneath, pale yellow when dry, looping towards the margin; intercostal veins obscure. Inflorescences terminal, flowers arranged racemosely and becoming crowded at the distal part of the inflorescence rachis slender and straight; bracts caducous. Flowers [in bud] 4-7, buds globose, 1-1.8 × 1.3-1.8 cm; pedicels 3-3.5 cm long, swollen towards apex, velvety with ferruginous hairs; sepals 4, thick, whitish-green, orbicular, 1.2-1.5 × 1.2 cm, outer pair of sepals imbricate, covered with dense, velvety ferruginous hairs outside, glabrous inside, inner pair of sepals glabrous on both surfaces, except silky hairs at base outside; petals 4, cream or white with pink- or dark purple at base; stamens 30-40, unequal in length, anthers yellow; ovary green. Fruits young shiny and green, mature fruit n.v., globose to sub-globose on a stout gynophore, sometimes beaked when young, ca. 9 × 11 cm. Seeds (3-)12-15, sarcotesta whitish, testa thin and whitish-cream.</p><p>Vernacular names.</p><p>Kuku lang (Malay), mentimun (Temuan).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Endemic in Peninsular Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan, Selangor and Pahang (Fig. 6).</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Lowland to lower montane forest, on forest edge or roadsides; 427-1067 m altitude.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The new variety is named after Dr Richard Chung Cheng Kong, Curator of the Kepong Herbarium (KEP) and Project Leader of Flora of Malaysia under 10thand 11th Malaysian Plans.</p><p>Conservation status.</p><p>Capparis trinervia var. chungiana inhabits forest margins, gaps or pathways near to roadsides, but is not a common species. This species has not been relocated in Selangor and Pahang even though the localities and adjacent areas have been revisited. This species, however, has been found and recorded from a new locality in Negeri Sembilan during a botanical survey in 2010, but it could not be relocated from two recent visits in 2014 and 2019. Recent field observations to Negeri Sembilan also show forest clearing pathways near the species habitat. Therefore, this species is assessed as Near Threatened following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2001, 2012).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>Peninsular Malaysia. Selangor: Ulu Gombak FR, 259 m (850 ft) alt., 19 Aug 1964 (fr.), Mohd. Kasim &amp; Mahmud Sidek 624 (KLU!); Gombak Forest, 16th mile, followed path to stream and beyond, 427 m (1400 ft) alt., 12 Jun 1963 (fl.), M.E.D. Poore 1189 (KLU!); Kepong Plantation Field 9J, hillslope, 10 Jan 1934 (fl.), Abdul Hamid 33570 (KEP!); Ulu Langat, 30 Mar 1960 (fl., fr.), Gadoh KL 2072 (KEP! 2 sheets); Genting Sempah, 11 Dec 1970 (fl., fr.), Kochummen FRI16263 (KEP!) . Pahang: Fraser’s Hill, near gate at gap, roadside, 1067 m (3500 ft) alt., 28 Feb 1979 (fl., fr.), Kochummen FRI18471 (KEP!); road to Fraser’s Hill, climber on Mahang tree beside the road, 914 m (3000 ft) alt., 26 Aug 1981 (fr.), K.M. Wong FRI32242 (KEP!) . Negeri Sembilan: Jelebu, Kenaboi FR, G. Besar Hantu, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.012665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.1833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.012665/lat 3.1833334)">Kg. London area</a>, 3°11.00'N, 102°00.76'E, 500 m alt., 6 May 2010 (fr.), Julius et al. FRI64006 (KEP!) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The comparatively large flowers, with sepals up to 1.5 cm long, place Capparis trinervia var. chungiana (Figs 7, 8) in the Trinervia-Group (Jacobs 1965; Srisanga and Chayamarit 2004). Specimens of this new species were determined as C. erycibe, no doubt due to the comparatively large leaves, but it differs in having the flowers arranged racemosely and becoming crowded at the distal part of the inflorescence rather than the paniculate arrangement in C. erycibe . In addition, C. erycibe has smaller flowers with sepals only 4-6 mm long and was placed within the Subumbellates-group (Jacobs 1965: 411).</p><p>The flower colour of this species has been described as ‘white’ or ‘cream’ with pink or dark purple at base in the label notes. Unfortunately, the open flowers are missing from the specimen sheets. Additionally, there are no new flowering specimens from the recent collections and full details of the flowers, such as measurement of the mature flowers and bracts, remain incomplete. Moreover, the dissected parts of the rehydrated flower buds are in poor condition and mostly do not contain either androecium or gynoecium, the cause of which is unknown.</p><p>However, this new variety still can be distinguished from other closely related members of the Trinervia-Group (see Table 2 for the comparison details) or species known from Peninsular Malaysia vegetatively. For example, the relatively large fruit (ca. 11 cm in diam.) of Capparis trinervia var. chungiana is similar to C. scortechinii (ca. 11 cm in diam.) and C. trisonthiae from Thailand (6-8 cm in diam.), but the latter two differ in their densely racemose and paniculate inflorescences, respectively; and the flowers arranged racemosely and becoming crowded at the distal part of the inflorescence, though has similarity to typical var. Capparis trisonthiae trinervia, but var. Capparis trisonthiae chungiana differs by its subcoriaceous to coriaceous leaves with broadly ovate to ovate-elliptic lamina (compared to chartaceous with oblong-elliptic or broadly lanceolate lamina in var. Capparis trisonthiae trinervia), the drying leaves are reddish-brown, rarely pale green with venation pale yellow, rarely dark red on both surfaces (compared to dull green with brownish main nerves on both surfaces in var. Capparis trisonthiae trinervia), the intercostal veins are obscure (compared to irregular reticulate and distinct in var. Capparis trisonthiae trinervia) and the stamens are 30-40 (whereas in var. Capparis trisonthiae trinervia, (30-)60-70).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C109AC557765752B847663FF9039F68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Julius, Avelinah	Julius, Avelinah (2022): Capparis (Capparaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia, including a new species and two new varieties. PhytoKeys 189: 99-127, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.49367, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.49367
