taxonID	type	description	language	source
651587BBFFE9046EFCAEF9A0FE3FC6BD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (amended from Nakano 2011). In life, dorsal surface ochre, ventral surface whitish ochre, paler than dorsal surface. Mid-body somites novem-annulate, generally c 1 = c 2 <b 2 <a 2> c 9 = c 10 = d 21 = d 22 <c 12. Clitellum in X c 9 to XIII a 2. Anus with 2 – 4 post-anal annuli. Post-crop caeca in pairs in XX c 12 to XXII c 1. Male gonopore in XI / XII, female gonopore in XII / XIII, gonopores separated by 9 annuli (1 full somite). Sperm ducts reaching to XVI c 1. Ovisacs reaching to XXIII c 1, and then turning anteriorly.	en	Nakano, Takafumi (2013): First Record of Mimobdella japonica (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Salifidae) from Okinawajima Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with a Description of the Specimens from the Ryukyu Islands. Species Diversity 18: 99-103, DOI: 10.12782/sd.18.1.099
651587BBFFE9046EFCAEF9A0FE3FC6BD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Two specimens collected from Okinawajima island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, by Masashi Sugimoto: KUZ Z 227, dissected, from Nago in spring of 2008, and KUZ Z 229, dissected, from Kin on 22 May 2011. Two specimens collected from the underside of stones in a canal in a paddy field in Akina, Tatsugo, Amami-oshima island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, by Takafumi Nakano on 28 April 2010: KUZ Z 179 (alt. 0 m, 28 ° 26 ′ 35 ″ N, 129 ° 33 ′ 36 ″ E), dissected, and KUZ Z 228 (alt. 0 m, 28 ° 26 ′ 42 ″ N, 129 ° 33 ′ 38 ″ E), dissected.	en	Nakano, Takafumi (2013): First Record of Mimobdella japonica (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Salifidae) from Okinawajima Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with a Description of the Specimens from the Ryukyu Islands. Species Diversity 18: 99-103, DOI: 10.12782/sd.18.1.099
651587BBFFE9046EFCAEF9A0FE3FC6BD.taxon	description	Description of specimens from the Ryukyu Islands. Body firm, muscular, elongated, with constant width in caudal direction, dorsoventrally depressed, maximum BL 106.88 (KUZ Z 179), maximum BW 7.13 (KUZ Z 227) (Fig. 2 A, B). Caudal sucker situated ventrally, oval, its greater diameter smaller than BW (Figs 2 A, B, 4 C, D). In life, dorsal surface ochre, clitellum yellow ochre, ventral surface paler than dorsal surface, whitish ochre. Colour faded in preservative (Fig. 3). Annulation of somites I – VII unclear, comprising 14 – 17 annuli altogether, 1 st annulus completely merged with prostomium, 7 th – 9 th annuli forming posterior margin of oral sucker; KUZ Z 179 with 15 annuli in this region, 12 th and 15 th annuli with obvious furrow; KUZ Z 227 with 14 annuli, 9 th and 11 th annuli with slight dorsal furrow, 10 th and 14 th annuli with slight furrow; KUZ Z 228 with 16 annuli, 12 th, 13 th and 16 th annuli with slight furrow; KUZ Z 229, comprising 17 th annuli, 14 th and 17 th annuli with slight furrow, 7 th and 8 th annuli united on venter (Fig. 4 A, B). Somite VIII quinquannulate, b 1> b 2 <a 2 <b 5> b 6 (KUZ Z 227, Z 229) (Fig. 4 A, B); or sexannulate, b 1 (with slight furrow: c 1, c 2)> b 2 <a 2 <b 5 (c 9, c 10)> c 11> c 12 (KUZ Z 179, Z 228). Somite IX quiquannulate, b 1 (c 1, c 2) = b 2 (c 3, c 4) <a 2 <b 5 (c 9, c 10) = b 6 (c 11, c 12) (KUZ Z 229); sexannulate, b 1 (c 1, c 2 dorsally)> b 2 = a 2 <b 5> c 11> c 12 (KUZ Z 227); or septannulate, c 1 = c 2 <b 2 <a 2 <b 5 = c 11 (c 9, c 10)> c 12 (d 21, d 22) (KUZ Z 179, Z 228). Somite X sexannulate, c 1 = c 2 <b 2 <a 2 <b 5 (c 9, c 10) <b 6 (d 21, d 22, c 12) (KUZ Z 227); octannulate, c 1 = c 2 = b 2 <a 2 <c 9 (d 17, d 18)> c 10 (d 19, d 20 ventrally)> c 11 = c 12 (KUZ Z 229) (Fig. 4 E); or novem-annulate, c 1 = c 2 <b 2 <a 2> c 9 = c 10 = d 21 = d 22 <c 12 (KUZ Z 179, Z 228). Somite XI quiquannulate, b 1 (c 1, c 2)> b 2 = a 2 <b 5 (c 9, c 10) <b 6 (d 21, d 22, c 12) (KUZ Z 227); or novem-annulate (KUZ Z 179, Z 228, Z 229) (Fig. 4 E). Somite XII sexannulate, b 1 (c 11, c 12)> b 2 = a 2 <b 5 (c 9, c 10) = c 11 (d 21, d 22)> c 12 (KUZ Z 227); or novem-annulate (KUZ Z 179, Z 228, Z 229) (Fig. 4 E). Somite XIII septannulate, c 1 = c 2 = b 2> a 2 <b 5 (c 9, c 10) = c 11 (d 21, d 22)> c 12 (KUZ Z 227); or novem-annulate (KUZ Z 179, Z 228, Z 229). X c 9 and XIII a 2 respectively being first and last annuli of clitellum (Fig. 4 E). Somites XIV – XXIII novem-annulate, or rarely somites XXII and XXIII respectively septannulate, c 1 = c 2 <b 2 <a 2 <b 5 (c 9, c 10) = c 11 (d 21, d 22)> c 12, and quiquannulate, b 1 (c 1, c 2)> b 2 <a 2 <b 5 (c 9, c 10) <b 6 (d 21, d 22, c 12) (KUZ Z 227). Somite XXIV quiquannulate, b 1 (c 1, c 2)> b 2 <a 2 <b 5 (c 11, c 12) = b 6 (c 11, c 12) (KUZ Z 227); sexannulate, c 1 = c 2 = b 2 <a 2 <b 5 (c 9, c 10) = b 6 (c 11, c 12) (KUZ Z 229) (Fig. 4 C, D); septannulate, c 1 = c 2 <b 2 <a 2 <b 5 (c 9, c 10)> c 11 (d 21, d 22)> c 12 (KUZ Z 228); or octannulate, c 1 = c 2 <b 2 <a 2> c 9 = c 10 <c 11> c 12 (KUZ Z 179). Annulation of somites XXV – XXVII comprising 7 – 9 annuli altogether, but hardly decidable; possibly XXV triannulate a 1 (b 1, b 2)> a 2 <a 3; XXVI triannulate, a 1 = a 2 = a 3; and XXVII uni- (KUZ Z 227), bi- (KUZ Z 228), or triannulate (KUZ Z 179, Z 229); XXVI a 1 (KUZ Z 227, Z 229), or a 3 (KUZ Z 179, Z 228) being last complete annulus on venter; anus at XXVI a 2 / a 3 with 2 – 4 post-anal annuli (Fig. 4 C, D). Eyes undectectable. Nephridiopores in 17 pairs in VIII – XXIV, situated ventrally at middle of b 2 of each somite (Fig. 4 B, D, E). Papillae numerous, minute, mainly 1 row on every annulus, and 2 or 3 rows on annuli with slight furrow (s). Pharynx strepsilaematous, reaching to XIV d 22 / c 12 – XIV / XV, with 3 myognaths separated by triangular paragnaths, each myognath bearing 2 conical stylets arranged in tandem, parallel to body axis. Crop tubular, reaching to XXI b 2 – XXI d 21; pair of post crop-caeca thin-walled in XX c 12 – XXI c 2 to XXI c 10 – XXII c 1 (Fig. 4 F). Intestine tubular and acaecate, reaching to XXIII b 1 – XXIII c 10 / d 21. Rectum tubular, thin-walled. Male gonopore in XI / XII (Fig. 4 E). Female gonopore in XII / XIII (Fig. 4 E). Gonopores separated by 9 annuli (1 full somite). Testisacs multiple, in XV c 12 – XVI c 2 to XXV a 2 – XXV a 3, several testisacs on each side in each annulus. Sperm ducts in XI c 12 to XV c 10 – XVI c 1 / c 2, coiled, narrowing at junction with atrial cornu, then turning gradually inward toward atrial cornua without pre-atrial loop. Pair of atrial cornua curved laterad in XI c 12 and XII c 1 (Fig. 4 G). Atrium short, muscular, globular, in XI c 12 and XII c 1. One pair of ovisacs long, thin-walled, slightly folded, tubular in XIII c 1 to XXI c 2 / b 2 – XXIII c 1 / c 2; right ovisac turned anteriorly in XXI c 2 / b 2 – XXIII c 1 / c 2, then reaching to XX a 2 – XXII b 2; left ovisac also turned anteriorly in XXI c 2 / b 2 – XXII c 10, then reaching to XX a 2 – XXI d 21, both ovisacs converging in XIII c 1, directly descending to female gonopore.	en	Nakano, Takafumi (2013): First Record of Mimobdella japonica (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Salifidae) from Okinawajima Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with a Description of the Specimens from the Ryukyu Islands. Species Diversity 18: 99-103, DOI: 10.12782/sd.18.1.099
651587BBFFE9046EFCAEF9A0FE3FC6BD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Known from Tasugo, Amami-oshima island, Japan, and lowland regions of Okinawajima island, Japan. Semi-aquatic species. Genetic variation. The K 2 P distance (COI) between the two specimens of M. japonica from Okinawajima (AB 761393, AB 761395) and those from Amami-oshima (AB 679658, AB 761394) was 0 %. No difference was detected among the COI sequences obtained from these four specimens.	en	Nakano, Takafumi (2013): First Record of Mimobdella japonica (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Salifidae) from Okinawajima Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with a Description of the Specimens from the Ryukyu Islands. Species Diversity 18: 99-103, DOI: 10.12782/sd.18.1.099
651587BBFFE9046EFCAEF9A0FE3FC6BD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Four specimens from the Ryukyu Islands were unambiguously identified as M. japonica based on their possession of the following characteristics: mid-body somites novem-annulate; clitellum in X c 9 to XIII a 2; male gonopore in XI / XII, female gonopore in XII / XIII, 9 annuli between gonopores; pair of post-crop caeca mainly in XXI; and paired sperm ducts reaching to XVI c 1. Although the holotype of M. japonica possesses two post-anal annuli (Nakano 2011), the Ryukyu specimens have two to four postanal annuli. In addition, the ovisacs of the present specimens are longer than those of the holotype of M. japonica. Therefore, the diagnosis of M. japonica is amended herein above to take these differences into account. The COI sequence divergence among these four specimens is 0 %. This low genetic diversity may indicate that the leeches have dispersed to these islands in a recent rapid range expansion, as have, e. g., species of Hirudo Linnaeus, 1758 in Europe (Trontelj and Utevsky 2012), or that they have been introduced by human activities. The K 2 P distance among the specimens of M. japonica is abnormally low relative to that between Orobdella shimadae Nakano, 2011 and O. dolichopharynx Nakano, 2011 (8.5 – 11 %, mean = 9.7 %, Nakano, unpub. data), which are also predaceous, but fully terrestrial leeches that are distributed in Okinawajima and Amami-oshima, respectively. Mimobdella japonica from Okinawajima has been found mainly in cultivated areas (Sugimoto, pers. comm.). Additionally, specimens of M. japonica from Amami-oshima have been collected only from paddy fields. Thus, M. japonica may have been introduced to either Okinawajima or Amami-oshima, or to both islands, via human activity. However, the origin of M. japonica in the Ryukyu Islands and the distributional range of this species elsewhere are still unclear. For example, large salifid leeches from Kyushu, Japan, are identified as Odontobdella blanchardi (Oka, 1910), not M. japonica (Nakano, pers. obs.). Despite the fact that M. japonica can be regarded as a likely introduced species in the Ryukyu Islands according to its COI sequence divergence, its only confirmed localities are in these islands. Further faunal surveys are needed to confirm whether M. japonica is truly a rapidly dispersing alien species, and to fully reveal its range of distribution and biogeographical history.	en	Nakano, Takafumi (2013): First Record of Mimobdella japonica (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Salifidae) from Okinawajima Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with a Description of the Specimens from the Ryukyu Islands. Species Diversity 18: 99-103, DOI: 10.12782/sd.18.1.099
