taxonID	type	description	language	source
733D5EE7AB1CDAB13E1E557B62481301.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized Halichaetonotus (LT to 146.6 μm), head, neck and trunk well defined; head rounded, lacking hypostomion but with a small cephalion; medium-long furca projecting from the posterior of the trunk. Body enveloped by 15 columns (7 dorsal, 2 lateral + 2 ventrolateral hydrofoil scales, 2 + 2 ventral small scales) of alternating keeled scales each with 17 - 19 scales. Scales, round on head and neck becoming oval to semi-elliptical on the trunk; in general, keel extending beyond the edge of the scales as short spiny processes; on three posterior scales, one median and two lateral, keels forming long and robust spines extending beyond end of trunk. Two small spiny scales on dorsal and several keeled scales on ventral base of furca. Laterally and ventrolaterally, 2 + 2 columns of hydrofoil scales of varying length; ventrally, 2 + 2 additional columns of smaller scales; locomotory cilia arranged in two longitudinal bands, interciliary ventral field naked except for two pairs of perianal ovoid keeled / spiny scales. Almost circular mouth opening into cylindrical pharynx with 2 teeth, then sack-like intestine and terminal ventral anus. All specimens parthenogenetic, sometimes with single large egg in position dorsal to mid intestine.	en	Todaro, M. Antonio, Zotto, Matteo Dal, Bownes, Sarah J., Perissinotto, Renzo (2011): First records of Gastrotricha from South Africa, with description of a new species of Halichaetonotus (Chaetonotida, Chaetonotidae). ZooKeys 142: 1-13, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.142.2036, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.142.2036
733D5EE7AB1CDAB13E1E557B62481301.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name alludes to the geographic locality where the new species has been found.	en	Todaro, M. Antonio, Zotto, Matteo Dal, Bownes, Sarah J., Perissinotto, Renzo (2011): First records of Gastrotricha from South Africa, with description of a new species of Halichaetonotus (Chaetonotida, Chaetonotidae). ZooKeys 142: 1-13, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.142.2036, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.142.2036
733D5EE7AB1CDAB13E1E557B62481301.taxon	description	Description. The description is mainly based on an adult specimen, 146.5 μm in total length. Head rounded, slightly elongated along anterior / posterior axis, bearing a shallow cephalion but no pleural lobes or visible hypostomion; neck narrower than head, trunk sac-like, terminating in a furcate caudum. Body widths at the head / neck / trunk / caudum are 31 / 22.5 / 34.5 / 22 μm, at U 11 / 27 / 58 / 81, respectively. Caudum of medium length (26.6 μm), paired laterally divergent adhesive tubes (20 μm in length) with a slightly swollen base (6.5 μm), covered by scales. Cuticular armature. Head, neck, and trunk covered dorsally and lateroventrally by alternating columns (7 dorsal, 1 + 1 lateral and 1 + 1 ventrolateral hydrofoil, 2 + 2 ventral) of 17 - 19 keeled scales, barely overlapping. On dorsal side, head and neck scales are round (3 - 5 μm in diameter), while trunk scales are oval to semi-elliptical (9.5 x 5.5 - 12.7 x 6.6 μm). In general, keel on dorsal scales extends beyond the edge of scales as short spiny process; however, on two lateral and one median trunk scales, at U 63 and U 71, respectively, keels form robust, very long spines projecting 26 μm beyond scales. On posterior trunk region are two oval, double keeled scales (5 x 4 μm) each anchoring a sensorial bristle at U 79.5 and a couple of oval spiny scales (4 x 3.5 μm) bearing spines (4 - 5 μm long) protruding into the furcal indentation. Lateral and ventrolateral spines of hydrofoil scales bearing flattened lamellae, most of which taper into a long hairy process; lamellae bearing spines of the lateral scales are longer than related ventrolateral ones (up to 25 vs up to 19), while lamellae of a column are longest at mid trunk. On ventral side, up to five keeled scales, 3 - 4 μm long, cover the fleshy portion of each furcal branch; the interciliary field appears naked except for two pairs of oval keeled scales in the perianal region; scales of anterior pair are larger (9.5 x 4.5 μm) than posterior ones (6.0 x 3.5 μm). Ventral ciliation. paired longitudinal bands extending from U 03 to approximately U 77; each broadly club-shaped anteriorly, but narrowing considerably from the posterior pharyngeal region; bands approach each other immediately behind the mouth, but remain separate throughout their entire length; individual cilia are about 11 μm in length. Digestive tract: Mouth of medium size (ca. 6 μm in diameter), projecting very slightly ventrally and leading progressively into a 32 μm long pharynx; pharynx muscular, roughly cylindrical (8 μm in diameter), showing a bulb anteriorly (12 μm in diameter); two cuticular teeth are visible within the bulb; pharynx connected to sack-like intestine at pharyngeo-intestinal junction at U 25; intestine straight, narrowing posteriorly, anus ventral at U 77. Reproductive tract. Three specimens were in parthenogenic phase, two of which with a large egg filling much of the trunk.	en	Todaro, M. Antonio, Zotto, Matteo Dal, Bownes, Sarah J., Perissinotto, Renzo (2011): First records of Gastrotricha from South Africa, with description of a new species of Halichaetonotus (Chaetonotida, Chaetonotidae). ZooKeys 142: 1-13, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.142.2036, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.142.2036
