taxonID	type	description	language	source
11764269F4815CC0BD5D9CABF96DBAB4.taxon	description	Figs 4, 5, 6, 7, 8	en	Shi, Sheng-Chao, Sui, Lu-Lu, Ma, Shun, Ji, Fei-Rong, Bu-Dian, A-Yi, Jiang, Jian-Ping (2023): A new Asian lazy toad of the genus Scutiger Theobald, 1868 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southern Tibet, China. ZooKeys 1187: 31-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1187.107958, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1187.107958
11764269F4815CC0BD5D9CABF96DBAB4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Scutiger luozhaensis sp. nov. is assigned to the genus Scutiger by the followings: (1) maxillary teeth absent or indistinct; (2) vomerine teeth absent; (3) tympanum and tympanic ring entirely absent; (4) pupil vertical, (5) femoral glands indistinct; (6) pectoral and axillary gland present in males, and covered by black spines in males in breeding condition; (7) inner three fingers with black nuptial spines in males in breeding condition (Fei et al. 2009; Fei and Ye 2016). Scutiger luozhaensis sp. nov. is diagnosed from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: (1) body moderate, male body length 47.0 - 67.2 mm (n = 13), female body length 49.8 - 66.2 mm (n = 8); (2) maxillary teeth and budding absent; (3) numerous tiny dense nuptial spines present on dorsal surface of fingers I, II and inner surface of finger III of males in breeding condition with similar size; (4) spine patches on belly of males in breeding condition absent; (5) spines on inner surface of forearm and upper arm of males in breeding condition absent; (6) small patches of black spines present near armpit of males in breeding condition absent; (7) adult males without vocal sac; (8) some large warts and tubercles on dorsum gathered into short skin ridges with several spines present on top; (9) space between upper eyelids wider than upper eyelids; (10) spots or irregular cross bands on limbs absent; (11) webbing between toes rudimentary; (12) coloration of dorsal body olive brown to bronze.	en	Shi, Sheng-Chao, Sui, Lu-Lu, Ma, Shun, Ji, Fei-Rong, Bu-Dian, A-Yi, Jiang, Jian-Ping (2023): A new Asian lazy toad of the genus Scutiger Theobald, 1868 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southern Tibet, China. ZooKeys 1187: 31-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1187.107958, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1187.107958
11764269F4815CC0BD5D9CABF96DBAB4.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Adult male, body moderate (SVL 56.4, body weighted 12.5 g in life, all morphometric measurements in mm). Head small (HW 17.2, HL 16.6, HH 9.4, ACED 8.0, PCED 13.7), nearly wide as long (HW / HL 1.04), relatedly flat (HH / HW 0.55); snout short (SL 6.5), rounded, slightly protruding beyond jaw, rostral appendage absent, canthus rostralis obtuse, loreal region oblique and concave; nostril oval, closer to tip of snout than eyes (SND 3.3, END 4.1); internarial distance larger than distance from anterior margin of eye to nostril (IND / END 1.22); eyes moderate in size (ED 5.9, ED / HL 0.36); pupil narrow and vertical; distance between upper eyelids smaller than distance between nostrils, but larger than upper eyelids width (IOS 4.5, IND 5.0, UEW 3.8), interorbital space flat; tympanum absent; supratympanic ridge thick, from posterior part of upper eyelids to shoulder; pineal ocellus not present; maxillary teeth and budding absent; tongue oval, not emarginate behind, without papillae and medial lingual sulcus; choanae oval, located against anterior border of palate, widely separated; vomerine ridges and vomerine teeth absent; choana small and oval, widely apart from each other; vocal sac and openings absent. Forelimbs long (LAL 14.6, LAW 5.6, HAL 12.6, LAW / LAL 0.38); fingers slender, without web and lateral dermal fringes, relative length of fingers: I <II <IV <III; fingertips rounded, not dilated; subarticular tubercles and supernumerary tubercles below the base of finger absent; inner metacarpal tubercles distinct and flat, positioned at the base of finger I, slightly smaller than outer metacarpal tubercles; nuptial pad present on dorsal surface of finger I, II and inner surface of finger III, nuptial spines on finger I and II numerous dense and tiny, but faded on finger III. Hindlimbs moderately short (TL 21.0, TL / SVL 0.37); tibiotarsal articulation reaching the shoulder when hindlimbs stretching forward; heels widely separated when hind limbs are flexed and held perpendicular to body; thighs slightly longer to tibia but shorter than feet (THL 21.4, TL 21.0, FL 25.0, TFL 36.0); tibia moderate (TW 5.9, TW / THL 0.28); toes slender, relatively lengths I <II <V <III <IV, rudimentary webbed, webbing formula: I 1 / 2 - 1 II 1 / 2 - 2 III 11 / 2 - 21 / 2 IV 21 / 2 - 2 V, with narrow lateral fringes, tips rounded and not dilated; subarticular tubercles indistinct; dermal ridges continuous on under toes; inner metatarsal tubercle elliptical and prominent (IMTL 4.1), outer metatarsal tubercle absent; tarsal fold thick. Skins rather rough on dorsal surface; large warts and tubercles scattered on dorsal body, some arranged in rows, some gathered into short skin ridges; keratinized spines on warts and tubercles not observed, but there are one to six separated pale colored tiny granules on top of each dorsal tubercle (Fig. 4 C), presumedly to be remains of faded keratinized spines; skins on head between and before eyes relatively smooth; tiny pale-colored granules also present along supratympanic ridge and on upper eyelids; temporal region with several small granules, loreal region relatively smooth; upper and lower lips without spines present but also has tiny pale-colored granules, spines presumedly to be faded with the ending of breeding season; skins on dorsal limbs thick, scattered with small granules; skin on dorsal tibiotarsal region with developed dermal glands; dorsolateral skin folds absent; ventral body, flanks and ventral limbs smooth; ventral hands and feet smooth; dozens of fine rounded tubercles scattered around cloaca; a pair of pectoral spine patches faded but with a pair of pectoral skin pads left on chest; axillary glands present and relatively smaller, spines on axillary glands had faded; femoral glands absent.	en	Shi, Sheng-Chao, Sui, Lu-Lu, Ma, Shun, Ji, Fei-Rong, Bu-Dian, A-Yi, Jiang, Jian-Ping (2023): A new Asian lazy toad of the genus Scutiger Theobald, 1868 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southern Tibet, China. ZooKeys 1187: 31-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1187.107958, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1187.107958
11764269F4815CC0BD5D9CABF96DBAB4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Scutiger luozhaensis sp. nov. is currently only known from Luozha county, Shannan Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China and expected to be found in adjacent areas of Bhutan (Fig. 9). It is a common species in its habitat, which includes mountain streams, moist scrub or forest floors near streams, and ponds of alpine wetlands (Fig. 10). The elevation records of the new species range from 3268 m to 4437 m. Tadpoles at stages 29, 39, and 48 were recorded in a slack head stream from late July to middle August and it is thought that the tadpoles overwinter. No calls were heard in the field from late July to middle August. Spines on nuptial pads and chest of most adult males had faded when found during field work; the breeding season for the species is here recorded to include June. Nanorana parkeri (Stejneger, 1927) was found to occur with the new species. Although S. boulengeri was also found in Luozha County, it was found near an alpine lake at elevation 4623 m, not sympatrically with S. luozhaensis sp. nov., which was found restricted to lower elevation.	en	Shi, Sheng-Chao, Sui, Lu-Lu, Ma, Shun, Ji, Fei-Rong, Bu-Dian, A-Yi, Jiang, Jian-Ping (2023): A new Asian lazy toad of the genus Scutiger Theobald, 1868 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southern Tibet, China. ZooKeys 1187: 31-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1187.107958, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1187.107958
11764269F4815CC0BD5D9CABF96DBAB4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet luozhaensis is named after the type locality, Luozha county. We propose the English common name Luozha lazy toad and the Chinese name common name 洛扎齿突蟾 (Luo Zha chǐ Tū Chan).	en	Shi, Sheng-Chao, Sui, Lu-Lu, Ma, Shun, Ji, Fei-Rong, Bu-Dian, A-Yi, Jiang, Jian-Ping (2023): A new Asian lazy toad of the genus Scutiger Theobald, 1868 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southern Tibet, China. ZooKeys 1187: 31-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1187.107958, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1187.107958
