identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
642587C9FFA7FF9AFF21D9F5FEE17CBA.text	642587C9FFA7FF9AFF21D9F5FEE17CBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pythamus Melichar 1903	<div><p>Genus Pythamus Melichar</p><p>Pythamus Melichar 1903: 161 . Type species: Pythamus dealbatus Melichar, type by original designation.</p><p>Dussana Distant 1908: 322 . Type species: Dussana quaerenda Distant, type by original designation. Syn. nov.</p><p>Black with yellow or white markings on head, posterior half of scutellum and median area of costal margin on forewing. Antennae, labium, legs abdominal sterna yellow.</p><p>Head anteriorly triangularly produced, lateral margins strongly carinate, a median lamellate carina beyond a round raised structure at basal half on head, submarginal carina mesad of ocelli on head. Disc of vertex longitudinally rugose and also punctate in basal half. Face including eyes, longer than wide. Frontoclypeus with median carina, more strongly elevated in upper half than in lower half, laterally obliquely striate; clypellus broad at base narrowed apically, shagreen; lora not reaching apex of clypellus, shagreen, flat; gena transversely wrinkled below lora, strongly declivous laterally. Pronotum wider than head, transversely rugose and punctate; with lateral margins carinate, with or without median carina. Scutellum, with basal triangles granulose, roughly sculptured before transverse suture, rugose beyond. Forewing punctate in basal region, with normal venation. Hind femoral spinulation 2+1+1; hind tibial setal formula (following Davis, 1975) R 1 20±2, R 2 12±1, R 3 15±1. Apical transverse row of spinulation of metabasitarsus with three spines in place of platellae.</p><p>Male pygophore with ventral process that exceeds caudo-dorsal angle of pygophore. Tenth segment with well sclerotized tergum, ventro-cephalic angle produced into lobe. Subgenital plate elongate, with rounded apex, one to three rows of macrosetae along mesal submargin, apex and outer margins with long hair-like setae. Style slender, elongate, with foot-like apex of apophysis having elongated lateral angle. Connective Yshaped, with stem longer than arms. Aedeagus with well developed bifid dorsal apodeme, preatrium short or absent, shaft compressed laterally with or without processes, gonopore apical.</p><p>Female with first pair of gonapophyses with sculpture composing oblique striae becoming almost horizontal proximally and, with a few cell-like areas at proximal region; second pair of gonapophyses with prominent teeth on cutting edge occupying about 0.45 length.</p><p>Remarks: The study of types of P. dealbatus and D. quaerenda revealed that they are conspecific and hence the two genera have been synonymised. The black color with yellow or white markings on head, apex of scutellum and on the costal margin of the forewing is a combination that is unique for the genus along with the raised median keel of the vertex. The three Indo-Malayan species described by Baker (1915, 1923) are doubtfully placed in the genus, as they are paler in colour. These species are being treated elsewhere (Wei et al. in prep.)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/642587C9FFA7FF9AFF21D9F5FEE17CBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Webb, M. D.	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA7FF99FF21DF3AFA677841.text	642587C9FFA7FF99FF21DF3AFA677841.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pythamus Melichar 1903	<div><p>Key to species of Pythamus Melichar of the Indian subcontinent</p><p>1. Aedeagus without lateral processes but with lateral ridge (Figs 8,9); apex of shaft attenuated (female not known) (Sri Lanka) .................................................................................................... P. dealbatus Melichar</p><p>- Aedeagus with lateral short or long processes; apex of shaft not attenuated (south India)......................... 2</p><p>2. Male pygophore with S-shaped ventral process (Figs 19, 24); aedeagus with basal processes (Figs 21, 22, 25, 26); vertex with yellow spot on medial keel extending posteriorly to form an arrow (Figs 11, 12, 17, 23); pronotum without a complete median longitudinal carina; female with hind margin of seventh sternite either with a prominent median lobe (Fig. 40) or medially bilobed (Fig. 41)........................................ 3</p><p>- Male pygophore with straight ventral process (Fig. 28); aedeagus with subapical processes (Figs 31, 32); vertex with round yellow spot on median keel not extended posterad (Fig. 10); pronotum with median longitudinal carina; female with hind margin of seventh sternum having small convex median lobe (Fig.33) ........................................................................................................................ P. biramosus sp. nov.</p><p>3. Aedeagal shaft with processes longer than maximum width of shaft in lateral view (Fig. 21); female with hind margin of seventh sternite having a median lobe (Fig. 40) ................................. P. bispinosus sp. nov.</p><p>- Aedeagal shaft with processes short, about half as long as maximum width of shaft in lateral aspect (Fig. 25); female with hind margin of seventh sternite medially bilobed (Fig. 41) ............. P. montanus sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/642587C9FFA7FF99FF21DF3AFA677841	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Webb, M. D.	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA4FF99FF21DABDFD237C5C.text	642587C9FFA4FF99FF21DABDFD237C5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pythamus dealbatus Melichar	<div><p>Pythamus dealbatus Melichar</p><p>Figs 1–9, 16.</p><p>Pythamus dealbatus Melichar 1903: 161, pl V, figs 6, 6a. Holotype ♂, Sri Lanka; Distant 1908 263, figs 170 [ZMB, examined].</p><p>Dussana quarendea Distant 1908: 322–323, fig. 26. Holotype ♂, Sri Lanka [BMNH, examined]. Syn. nov.</p><p>Black. A spot on median carina on vertex continued posteriorly along carina and enlarged at base, caudal apex of scutellum yellow. Forewing dark chocolate brown with large area on apex of outer claval vein and triangular spot on median area of coastal margin as in Fig. 16 hyaline.</p><p>External featuers as in the generic diagnosis.</p><p>Male genitalia: Caudal margin of pygophore slightly concave with both caudo-ventral and caudo-dorsal angles roundly produced, ventral process rather straight, slender. Anal collar elongate, dark pigmented with its antero-ventral angle produced into bilobed short rounded process. Subgenital plate longer than pygophore, basally segmented, with single row of spines. Style as in Fig. 7. Aedeagus with short preatrium, shaft tubular, with lateral marginal ridges, without processes, slightly curved, caudo-dorsally, apex attenuated, not constricted at base, gonopore subapical.</p><p>Material examined: Holotype ♂, SRI LANKA: “Type H.T”, “ Dussana quaerenda ”, “Ex Coll. J.P.”, “Ceylon, Green”, “Distant 1911-383” (BMNH). Type ♂, SRI LANKA: “Typus” (red label), “6/32” “Ceylon nietner” “ Pythamus ” “ dealbatus det. Melichar ” (ZMB).</p><p>Remarks: P. dealbatus differs from Indian species of Pythamus in lacking lateral processes to the aedeagal shaft. Externally it resembles both P. bispinosus and P. montanus but has a larger yellow spot at the base of the median keel on the vertex. It shares the straighter ventral pygophore process with P. biramosus . This is the only species known from Sri Lanka. The synonymy of P. dealbatus and D. quaerenda is based on the examination of the types of these two species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/642587C9FFA4FF99FF21DABDFD237C5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Webb, M. D.	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA4FF9EFF21DE98FE82797B.text	642587C9FFA4FF9EFF21DE98FE82797B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pythamus biramosus Viraktamath & Webb 2007	<div><p>Pythamus biramosus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 10, 13, 27–39</p><p>Black. A small spot on lamellate carina of head and on slightly raised caudal margins of scutellum and triangular costal spot on middle of forewing, yellow. Forewing with apex of outer claval vein, clavus and surrounding area, round spot near inner angle of costal triangle yellowish brown. Legs, labium, antennae, abdominal sterna yellow. Genital segments infuscate.</p><p>Pronotum with median carina extending entire length.</p><p>Male genitalia: Ventro-cephalic lobes of tenth segment about as long as tenth segment. Caudal margin of pygophore rather straight, ventral process straight, without wavy ridge. Stem of connective about twice as long as arms. Aedeagal shaft of uniform width in lateral aspect, slightly produced anteriorly near apex, with paired ventrally directed subapical curved processes.</p><p>Female genitalia: Hind margin of female seventh sternum twice as wide as long, with small median lobe.</p><p>Measurements: Male 5.1–5.6 mm long, 0.95–1.0 mm wide across eyes, 1.1–1.2 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum. Female 6.3–6.4 mm long, 0.98–1.2 mm wide across eyes and 1.3–1.4 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.</p><p>Material examined: Holotype ♂, INDIA: Karnataka: Jog Falls, 534 m, 17.xi.1976, C.A. Viraktamath (UASB) . Paratypes: INDIA: Karnataka: 6 ♀, Jog Falls, 534 m, 17.xi.1976 (1♀) , 19.xi.1976, C.A. Viraktamath (3 ♀); 3.xii.1982, H.V.A. Murthy (2 ♀); 19.xi.1983, S. Viraktamath; 1♀, Bhagamandal, 30.i.1983 , Shashidhar; 5 ♂, 4 ♀, Kollur, 8.i.1984 , S.A. Viraktamath; 1 ♂, Mudigere, 3.vi.1978 , A.R.V. Kumar; 2 ♂, 1♀, Dharmasthala, 22.xi.1984 , (1♂, 1♀, 17.i.1984, S. A. Viraktamath (1♂); 1♀, 3 Km NE Udupi, Hebri, 11.i.1984 , S.A. Viraktamath; 1 ♂, 3 Km W Yellapur, 15.x.1977 , 1 ♂, 2♀, Yellapur, 15.xii.1983 (1♂, 1♀) , 23.i.1973 (1♀), C.A. Viraktamath; 2 ♀, 25 Km, W Shimoga, 26.xi.1983 , H.V.A. Murthy (BMNH, NPC, UASB, USNM, ZSI). Other material: 3 ♀, Kemmannagundi, 9–11.iv.1975, C.A. Viraktamath (UASB) .</p><p>Remarks: P. biramosus can be readily recognized by the yellow spot on the vertex not extending along the lamellate median carina and from other species of Pythamus from the Indian subcontinent by the apical aedeagal processes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/642587C9FFA4FF9EFF21DE98FE82797B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Webb, M. D.	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA3FF9DFF21DBEFFDAF7BCA.text	642587C9FFA3FF9DFF21DBEFFDAF7BCA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pythamus bispinosus Viraktamath & Webb 2007	<div><p>Pythamus bispinosus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 11, 14, 17–22, 40.</p><p>Dussana quaerenda Distant: Datta 1972: 107–108 (in part), Plate 5E, misidentification; Datta 1988: 52, Fig. 95 (in part), misidentification.</p><p>Black. A large spot on median lamellate carina on vertex continued as narrow band along posterior part of carina, creamy white; lateral margin of apex of scutellum narrowly brown; forewing with elongate triangle on costal margin a short distance from humeral angle, hyaline to yellow and obscure spot on apex of clavus, fuscous; apical margin of forewing narrowly whitish. Legs, labium and antennae white or yellow; abdominal pleura yellow; most of sterna in female, basal two sterna in male and genital segments brown.</p><p>Pronotum with a pair of converging rugae on either side of median line at basal 0.25, rest transversely rugose and punctate. Head and scutellum as in P.biramosus .</p><p>Male genitalia: Process of ventro-cephalic angle of tenth segment short. Pygophore with rounded caudal margin, with a few setae on caudo-dorsal angle, ventral process bisinuate, distal 0.33 with prominent wavy ridge making margin of process serrate. Aedeagal shaft compressed, constricted at base then broadened before gradually narrowing to rounded apex in lateral view, with a pair of dorsally directed long slender basal processes not exceeding apex of shaft, but longer than maximum width of shaft.</p><p>Female genitalia: Hind margin of seventh sternum twice as wide as long with median convex lobe.</p><p>Measurements: Male 5.9–6.1 mm long, 1.1 mm wide across eyes and 1.3 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum. Female 6.5–6.9 mm long, 1.2–1.3 mm wide across eyes and 1.4–1.5 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.</p><p>Material examined: Holotype ♂, INDIA: Tamil Nadu: Coonoor, 11.viii.1979, S. Viraktamath (UAS) . Paratypes: INDIA: Tamil Nadu: 6 ♂, 2 ♀, data as for holotype, 1 ♂, data as for holotype but collected by I. Dworakowska; 1 ♀, Wellington, 12.viii.1979, S. Viraktamath; 1 ♂, Valparai, 13.iv.1981, A.R.V. Kumar; 1 ♂, Cinchona, 15.iv.1981, AR.V.Kumar; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Cinchona, Anamalai Hills, 3500 ft, P.S. Nathan. Kerala: 3 ♂, 3 ♀, 12 Km N Munnar, C. A. Viraktamath (1 ♂, 1 ♀), B. Mallik (1 ♂, 1 ♀), S. Viraktamath (1 ♂) ; 1 ♂, Meppadi, 19.x.1975, C.A. Viraktamath; 1 ♂, Mananthoddy, 16.x.1975, C.A. Viraktamath (BMNH, NPC, IRSNB, UASB, USNM, ZSI) . Other material: 1 nymph, INDIA: Kerala: Mananthoddy, 16.x.1975, C.A.Viraktamath (UASB) .</p><p>Remarks: This species, which is widespread in peninsular India along the Western Ghats in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala, can be distinguished by the long basal processes of the aedeagal shaft. Both P.montanus and P. bispinosus are closely related to each other compared to P. biramosus . The female seventh sternum illustrated by Datta (1972, Plate 5 E) belongs to this species as it has a fairly large median lobe on the hind margin of the female seventh sternite.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/642587C9FFA3FF9DFF21DBEFFDAF7BCA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Webb, M. D.	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA0FF9DFF21DA05FDF67C64.text	642587C9FFA0FF9DFF21DA05FDF67C64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pythamus montanus Viraktamath & Webb 2007	<div><p>Pythamus montanus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 12, 15, 23–26, 41.</p><p>Dussana quaerenda Melichar: Pruthi 1934: 85–86, text fig. 104 a–c, Plate 7, figs 2, 2a, misidentification; Datta 1972:107–108, Plate 5, A–D (in part), misidentification; Datta 1988: 52, Figs 91–94, (in part), misidentification.</p><p>Colouration similar to D. bispinosus but hyaline spot on forewing much narrower, not exceeding subcostal cell and scutellum more broadly whitish near apex. In some females apices of outer claval veins, clavus and irregular area between claval apex and apex of hyaline costal triangle, brownish. Abdominal pleura yellow, sterna brown, genital segments brown.</p><p>Male genitalia: Process of the ventro-cephalic angle of tenth segment short. Pygophore rounded caudally, ventral process rather S-shaped, distal 0.33 with wavy ridge. Stem of connective three times as long as arms. Aedeagus constricted at base, with a pair of short processes near base, their length not exceeding minimum width of shaft in lateral view.</p><p>Female genitalia: Seventh sternum three times as wide as long, hind margin slightly broadly produced and bilobed in middle.</p><p>Measurements: Male 5.9–6.4 mm long, 1.1–1.2 mm wide across eyes and 1.3–1.4 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum. Female 6.8–7.3 mm long, 1.3 mm wide across eyes and 1.4–1.5 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.</p><p>Material examined: Holotype ♂, INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Kodaikanal, 1800 m, 18.viii.1979, S. Viraktamath (UASB) . Paratypes: INDIA: Tamil Nadu: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, data as for holotype . 2 ♂, Kodaikanal, 2250 m, 18.viii.1979, S. Viraktamath ; 1 ♀, Kodaikanal, 2133 m, 9.vi.1980, A.R.V. Kumar ; 3♂, 1♀, Shambaganur, 1800 m, 18.viii.1979, I. Dworakowska (2 ♂, 1♀), S. A. Viraktamath (1 ♂), 8.vi.1980, A.R.V. Kumar (1 ♀) (BMNH, NPC, UASB, USNM, ZSI) .</p><p>Remarks: P. montanus is known only from the Palni Hills. Illustrations provided by both Pruthi (1934) and Datta (1972, 1988) clearly show that the male specimens illustrated are of this species where as the females are of P. bispinosus . It can be easily distinguished from other species of Pythamus by its short basal processes of the aedeagal shaft.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/642587C9FFA0FF9DFF21DA05FDF67C64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Webb, M. D.	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA0FF91FF21DEE0FEAA7B52.text	642587C9FFA0FF91FF21DEE0FEAA7B52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onukia assamensis (Ramakrishnan) Viraktamath & Webb 2007	<div><p>Onukia assamensis (Ramakrishnan) comb. nov.</p><p>Dussana assamensis Ramakrishnan 1989: 45–46, Figs 1–11. Holotype ♂, India: Assam [NPC, examined]</p><p>Material examined: India: Assam: Holotype ♂, Nagarjunka, 9.ix.1983, Mayaram &amp; V. V. Ramamurthy, on weeds (NPC).</p><p>Remarks: Examination of the type specimen revealed that the species is pale yellow with a black spot on the vertex, the median carina on the head is not raised, the male pygophore has long, slender ventral processes exceeding the pygophore and the aedeagal shaft has a large, elongate, basal hood-like process. These characters showed that the species does not belong to Pythamus but to Onukia Matsumura and hence the generic transfer.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/642587C9FFA0FF91FF21DEE0FEAA7B52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Webb, M. D.	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
