taxonID	type	description	language	source
642587C9FFA7FF9AFF21D9F5FEE17CBA.taxon	description	Head anteriorly triangularly produced, lateral margins strongly carinate, a median lamellate carina beyond a round raised structure at basal half on head, submarginal carina mesad of ocelli on head. Disc of vertex longitudinally rugose and also punctate in basal half. Face including eyes, longer than wide. Frontoclypeus with median carina, more strongly elevated in upper half than in lower half, laterally obliquely striate; clypellus broad at base narrowed apically, shagreen; lora not reaching apex of clypellus, shagreen, flat; gena transversely wrinkled below lora, strongly declivous laterally. Pronotum wider than head, transversely rugose and punctate; with lateral margins carinate, with or without median carina. Scutellum, with basal triangles granulose, roughly sculptured before transverse suture, rugose beyond. Forewing punctate in basal region, with normal venation. Hind femoral spinulation 2 + 1 + 1; hind tibial setal formula (following Davis, 1975) R 1 20 ± 2, R 2 12 ± 1, R 3 15 ± 1. Apical transverse row of spinulation of metabasitarsus with three spines in place of platellae. Male pygophore with ventral process that exceeds caudo-dorsal angle of pygophore. Tenth segment with well sclerotized tergum, ventro-cephalic angle produced into lobe. Subgenital plate elongate, with rounded apex, one to three rows of macrosetae along mesal submargin, apex and outer margins with long hair-like setae. Style slender, elongate, with foot-like apex of apophysis having elongated lateral angle. Connective Yshaped, with stem longer than arms. Aedeagus with well developed bifid dorsal apodeme, preatrium short or absent, shaft compressed laterally with or without processes, gonopore apical. Female with first pair of gonapophyses with sculpture composing oblique striae becoming almost horizontal proximally and, with a few cell-like areas at proximal region; second pair of gonapophyses with prominent teeth on cutting edge occupying about 0.45 length.	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA7FF9AFF21D9F5FEE17CBA.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The study of types of P. dealbatus and D. quaerenda revealed that they are conspecific and hence the two genera have been synonymised. The black color with yellow or white markings on head, apex of scutellum and on the costal margin of the forewing is a combination that is unique for the genus along with the raised median keel of the vertex. The three Indo-Malayan species described by Baker (1915, 1923) are doubtfully placed in the genus, as they are paler in colour. These species are being treated elsewhere (Wei et al. in prep.)	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA4FF99FF21DABDFD237C5C.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 9, 16.	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA4FF99FF21DABDFD237C5C.taxon	description	External featuers as in the generic diagnosis. Male genitalia: Caudal margin of pygophore slightly concave with both caudo-ventral and caudo-dorsal angles roundly produced, ventral process rather straight, slender. Anal collar elongate, dark pigmented with its antero-ventral angle produced into bilobed short rounded process. Subgenital plate longer than pygophore, basally segmented, with single row of spines. Style as in Fig. 7. Aedeagus with short preatrium, shaft tubular, with lateral marginal ridges, without processes, slightly curved, caudo-dorsally, apex attenuated, not constricted at base, gonopore subapical.	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA4FF99FF21DABDFD237C5C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype ♂, SRI LANKA: “ Type H. T ”, “ Dussana quaerenda ”, “ Ex Coll. J. P. ”, “ Ceylon, Green ”, “ Distant 1911 - 383 ” (BMNH). Type ♂, SRI LANKA: “ Typus ” (red label), “ 6 / 32 ” “ Ceylon nietner ” “ Pythamus ” “ dealbatus det. Melichar ” (ZMB).	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA4FF99FF21DABDFD237C5C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: P. dealbatus differs from Indian species of Pythamus in lacking lateral processes to the aedeagal shaft. Externally it resembles both P. bispinosus and P. montanus but has a larger yellow spot at the base of the median keel on the vertex. It shares the straighter ventral pygophore process with P. biramosus. This is the only species known from Sri Lanka. The synonymy of P. dealbatus and D. quaerenda is based on the examination of the types of these two species.	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA4FF9EFF21DE98FE82797B.taxon	description	Figs. 10, 13, 27 – 39 Black. A small spot on lamellate carina of head and on slightly raised caudal margins of scutellum and triangular costal spot on middle of forewing, yellow. Forewing with apex of outer claval vein, clavus and surrounding area, round spot near inner angle of costal triangle yellowish brown. Legs, labium, antennae, abdominal sterna yellow. Genital segments infuscate. Pronotum with median carina extending entire length. Male genitalia: Ventro-cephalic lobes of tenth segment about as long as tenth segment. Caudal margin of pygophore rather straight, ventral process straight, without wavy ridge. Stem of connective about twice as long as arms. Aedeagal shaft of uniform width in lateral aspect, slightly produced anteriorly near apex, with paired ventrally directed subapical curved processes. Female genitalia: Hind margin of female seventh sternum twice as wide as long, with small median lobe. Measurements: Male 5.1 – 5.6 mm long, 0.95 – 1.0 mm wide across eyes, 1.1 – 1.2 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum. Female 6.3 – 6.4 mm long, 0.98 – 1.2 mm wide across eyes and 1.3 – 1.4 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA4FF9EFF21DE98FE82797B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype ♂, INDIA: Karnataka: Jog Falls, 534 m, 17. xi. 1976, C. A. Viraktamath (UASB). Paratypes: INDIA: Karnataka: 6 ♀, Jog Falls, 534 m, 17. xi. 1976 (1 ♀), 19. xi. 1976, C. A. Viraktamath (3 ♀); 3. xii. 1982, H. V. A. Murthy (2 ♀); 19. xi. 1983, S. Viraktamath; 1 ♀, Bhagamandal, 30. i. 1983, Shashidhar; 5 ♂, 4 ♀, Kollur, 8. i. 1984, S. A. Viraktamath; 1 ♂, Mudigere, 3. vi. 1978, A. R. V. Kumar; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Dharmasthala, 22. xi. 1984, (1 ♂, 1 ♀, 17. i. 1984, S. A. Viraktamath (1 ♂); 1 ♀, 3 Km NE Udupi, Hebri, 11. i. 1984, S. A. Viraktamath; 1 ♂, 3 Km W Yellapur, 15. x. 1977, 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Yellapur, 15. xii. 1983 (1 ♂, 1 ♀), 23. i. 1973 (1 ♀), C. A. Viraktamath; 2 ♀, 25 Km, W Shimoga, 26. xi. 1983, H. V. A. Murthy (BMNH, NPC, UASB, USNM, ZSI). Other material: 3 ♀, Kemmannagundi, 9 – 11. iv. 1975, C. A. Viraktamath (UASB).	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA4FF9EFF21DE98FE82797B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: P. biramosus can be readily recognized by the yellow spot on the vertex not extending along the lamellate median carina and from other species of Pythamus from the Indian subcontinent by the apical aedeagal processes.	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA3FF9DFF21DBEFFDAF7BCA.taxon	description	Figs 11, 14, 17 – 22, 40.	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA3FF9DFF21DBEFFDAF7BCA.taxon	description	Pronotum with a pair of converging rugae on either side of median line at basal 0.25, rest transversely rugose and punctate. Head and scutellum as in P. biramosus. Male genitalia: Process of ventro-cephalic angle of tenth segment short. Pygophore with rounded caudal margin, with a few setae on caudo-dorsal angle, ventral process bisinuate, distal 0.33 with prominent wavy ridge making margin of process serrate. Aedeagal shaft compressed, constricted at base then broadened before gradually narrowing to rounded apex in lateral view, with a pair of dorsally directed long slender basal processes not exceeding apex of shaft, but longer than maximum width of shaft. Female genitalia: Hind margin of seventh sternum twice as wide as long with median convex lobe. Measurements: Male 5.9 – 6.1 mm long, 1.1 mm wide across eyes and 1.3 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum. Female 6.5 – 6.9 mm long, 1.2 – 1.3 mm wide across eyes and 1.4 – 1.5 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA3FF9DFF21DBEFFDAF7BCA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype ♂, INDIA: Tamil Nadu: Coonoor, 11. viii. 1979, S. Viraktamath (UAS). Paratypes: INDIA: Tamil Nadu: 6 ♂, 2 ♀, data as for holotype, 1 ♂, data as for holotype but collected by I. Dworakowska; 1 ♀, Wellington, 12. viii. 1979, S. Viraktamath; 1 ♂, Valparai, 13. iv. 1981, A. R. V. Kumar; 1 ♂, Cinchona, 15. iv. 1981, AR. V. Kumar; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Cinchona, Anamalai Hills, 3500 ft, P. S. Nathan. Kerala: 3 ♂, 3 ♀, 12 Km N Munnar, C. A. Viraktamath (1 ♂, 1 ♀), B. Mallik (1 ♂, 1 ♀), S. Viraktamath (1 ♂); 1 ♂, Meppadi, 19. x. 1975, C. A. Viraktamath; 1 ♂, Mananthoddy, 16. x. 1975, C. A. Viraktamath (BMNH, NPC, IRSNB, UASB, USNM, ZSI). Other material: 1 nymph, INDIA: Kerala: Mananthoddy, 16. x. 1975, C. A. Viraktamath (UASB).	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA3FF9DFF21DBEFFDAF7BCA.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species, which is widespread in peninsular India along the Western Ghats in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala, can be distinguished by the long basal processes of the aedeagal shaft. Both P. montanus and P. bispinosus are closely related to each other compared to P. biramosus. The female seventh sternum illustrated by Datta (1972, Plate 5 E) belongs to this species as it has a fairly large median lobe on the hind margin of the female seventh sternite.	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA0FF9DFF21DA05FDF67C64.taxon	description	Figs 12, 15, 23 – 26, 41.	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA0FF9DFF21DA05FDF67C64.taxon	description	Male genitalia: Process of the ventro-cephalic angle of tenth segment short. Pygophore rounded caudally, ventral process rather S-shaped, distal 0.33 with wavy ridge. Stem of connective three times as long as arms. Aedeagus constricted at base, with a pair of short processes near base, their length not exceeding minimum width of shaft in lateral view. Female genitalia: Seventh sternum three times as wide as long, hind margin slightly broadly produced and bilobed in middle. Measurements: Male 5.9 – 6.4 mm long, 1.1 – 1.2 mm wide across eyes and 1.3 – 1.4 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum. Female 6.8 – 7.3 mm long, 1.3 mm wide across eyes and 1.4 – 1.5 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA0FF9DFF21DA05FDF67C64.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype ♂, INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Kodaikanal, 1800 m, 18. viii. 1979, S. Viraktamath (UASB). Paratypes: INDIA: Tamil Nadu: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, data as for holotype. 2 ♂, Kodaikanal, 2250 m, 18. viii. 1979, S. Viraktamath; 1 ♀, Kodaikanal, 2133 m, 9. vi. 1980, A. R. V. Kumar; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Shambaganur, 1800 m, 18. viii. 1979, I. Dworakowska (2 ♂, 1 ♀), S. A. Viraktamath (1 ♂), 8. vi. 1980, A. R. V. Kumar (1 ♀) (BMNH, NPC, UASB, USNM, ZSI).	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA0FF9DFF21DA05FDF67C64.taxon	discussion	Remarks: P. montanus is known only from the Palni Hills. Illustrations provided by both Pruthi (1934) and Datta (1972, 1988) clearly show that the male specimens illustrated are of this species where as the females are of P. bispinosus. It can be easily distinguished from other species of Pythamus by its short basal processes of the aedeagal shaft.	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA0FF91FF21DEE0FEAA7B52.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: India: Assam: Holotype ♂, Nagarjunka, 9. ix. 1983, Mayaram & V. V. Ramamurthy, on weeds (NPC).	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
642587C9FFA0FF91FF21DEE0FEAA7B52.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Examination of the type specimen revealed that the species is pale yellow with a black spot on the vertex, the median carina on the head is not raised, the male pygophore has long, slender ventral processes exceeding the pygophore and the aedeagal shaft has a large, elongate, basal hood-like process. These characters showed that the species does not belong to Pythamus but to Onukia Matsumura and hence the generic transfer.	en	Viraktamath, C. A., Webb, M. D. (2007): Review of the leafhopper genus Pythamus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) in the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 1546 (1): 51-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1546.1.6
