taxonID	type	description	language	source
6B6F87A0FFB1FFED63AD7205FE94FB37.taxon	materials_examined	Diagnosis. The tribe Hyadinini is similar to Ilytheini but is distinguished by the following combination of characters: Aristal hairs tending to be reduced (sometimes secondarily moderately well developed); acrostichal setae reduced, prescutellar pair lacking; dorsocentral setae frequently reduced in size and / or number (1 + 2, 0 + 2, or sutural + 1); subepandrial plate fused with gonite dorsally, forming a rounded projection, sometimes joined medially over aedeagus to form a gonal arch (= subepandrial plate); gonites and hypandrium usually fused; gonite produced posteriorly as a long triangular to almost parallel sided projection, with apex variously modified. Discussion. The monophyly of the tribe Hyadinini is established by the following synapomorphies (Zatwarnicki 1992: 76; Hollmann-Schirrmacher 1998: 50): (1) reduction of scutellar / prescutellar acrostichal setae; (2) fusion of gonite with hypandrium; (3) reduction of dorsocentral setae; (4) lack of long branches on the arista; and (5) ventral elongation of the epandrium. Only four described genera of the tribe Hyadinini occur in New Zealand, and one, Neozealides, the subject of this paper, and Parahyadina Tonnoir and Malloch are apparently endemic to these islands. The four genera can be identified by the key that follows. Edmiston & Mathis (2007) revised the three New Zealand species of Nostima, Mathis & Zatwarnicki (2019) revised the single species of Hyadina and the eleven species of Parahyadina, and herein, we treat the two New Zealand species of Neozealides. The New Zealand fauna of Neozealides and Parahyadina are anomalous within Hyadinini. For example, the two New Zealand species of Neozealides, N. irrorata (Tonnoir & Malloch) and N. obscurifrons (Tonnoir & Malloch), are endemic to the islands of New Zealand and are more closely related to the Hyadina and Philygria groups of genera that Zatwarnicki & Ryczko (2014) recently recognized rather than to species within Hyadina, the genus in which they were initially described. Thus, the New Zealand fauna of Hyadinini is structurally and phylogenetically diverse, which is undoubtedly a reflection of their varied evolution as well as the historical biogeography of the included taxa.	en	Mathis, Wayne N., Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz (2019): New taxonomic twists in shore flies as revealed in discovery of Neozealides, a new genus from New Zealand (Diptera: Ephydridae). Zootaxa 4656 (3): 487-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4656.3.6
6B6F87A0FFB4FFE763AD7621FE28FE3A.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 5, 7 – 14, Map 1)	en	Mathis, Wayne N., Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz (2019): New taxonomic twists in shore flies as revealed in discovery of Neozealides, a new genus from New Zealand (Diptera: Ephydridae). Zootaxa 4656 (3): 487-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4656.3.6
6B6F87A0FFB4FFE763AD7621FE28FE3A.taxon	materials_examined	Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Small to me- dium-sized shore flies, body length 1.80 – 2.85 mm (Figs. 1, 5). Head (Figs. 1, 4 – 5, 14): Mesofrons with lateral gray stripe adjacent to golden brown ocellar triangle; only medial vertical seta well developed. Gena-to-eye ratio: 0.62 – 0.73. Proboscis (Fig. 2) Thorax (Figs. 1, 4 – 5): Mesonotum lacking dark brown longitudinal vittae but with 4 short, linear whitish gray marks, 3 medial of dorsocentral track and 1 laterad of dorsocentral track just anterior of level of postalar seta; 1 row of very short acrostichal setulae; notopleuron brown, brownish coloration a continuation of mesonotal color immediate anterior of notopleuron. Wing (Fig. 3) length 2.28 – 2.85 mm; wing width 1.05 – 1.23 mm; wing mostly infuscate, brownish, with numerous pale spots; 1 hyaline spot in cell R 1, 2 spots in cell R 2 + 3, cell R 4 + 5 with 2 spots, smaller spot basal, larger spot apical, discal cell and cell M each with 1 spot, each quite close to crossvein dm-cu; wing length to width ratio: 0.43 – 0.46; costal vein ratio: 0.52 – 0.62; M vein ratio 0.49 – 0.61. Abdomen: Male terminalia (Figs. 7 – 13): Epandrium (apparently including the fused surstyli) generally oval in posterior view (Fig. 7) with a cluster of numerous setulae at ventral margin, apex somewhat angulate but not pointed, in lateral view (Fig. 8) vertically elongate, irregularly tear-drop shaped with dorsal half narrow, almost parallel sided, shallowly curved, ventral half greatly expanded, angulate anteriorly, ventral margin broadly rounded, ventral margin bearing cluster of numerous setulae; cercus in posterior view (Fig. 17) semi-hemispherical, medial margin straight, lateral margin broadly rounded, bearing numerous, evenly dispersed setulae, in lateral view (Fig. 8) semi-hemispherical, posterior margin evenly and broadly rounded, anterior margin slightly concave, nearly straight; aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 13) elongate, unevenly Z-shaped from bifurcate base, dorsal extension shorter, less than half length of ventral extension, tapered, thereafter apical portion abruptly recurved to very narrow extension, ventral extension rod-like, truncate apically, in ventral view (Figs. 9, 11) narrowly clavate, slightly wider basally, both apices rounded; phallapodeme in lateral view (Fig. 13) narrowly triangular, keel relatively narrow, apical portion digitiform, extension to aedeagal base greatly narrowed and conspicuously curved, extension toward hypandrium angulate, about 90 degrees, in ventral view (Figs. 9, 12) linear, elongate, narrowly rectangular, truncate at both apices, bearing a sub-basal short, pointed, crosspiece; gonite in lateral view (Fig. 13) with rod-like dorsal extension or bridge that connects with opposite extension above aedeagus, apical portion short, wide, apex shallowly bilobed, dorsal shallow knob bearing a spine-like setula, ventral knob with 2 much smaller setulae, base irregularly, moderately deeply bifurcate; hypandrium in ventral view (Fig. 10) comparatively broadly rounded anteriorly, thereafter posteriorly becoming abruptly narrower in a stepwise manner, posterior margin more narrowly rounded. Primary Type Material. The holotype male is labeled “ Nelson N [ew]. Z [ealand]. 10. VIII. 22 [10 Aug 1922] A. Tonnoir / TYPE Hyadina irrorata n. sp. A. Tonnoir det. [pink; species name and “ n. sp. ” handwritten]. ” The holotype is double mounted (minuten wound around base pin, bent at 90 ° angle upward), is in good condition (right wing removed, mounted on a small celluloid slide that is attached to the main pin beneath the locality label; several setae, especially of head, missing), and is deposited in the NZAC. Type Locality. New Zealand. South Island: Nelson (41 ° 17.7 ' S, 173 ° 17.5 ' E). Specimens Examined (all from New Zealand). NORTH ISLAND. AK: Auckland, Lynfield W (36 ° 55.7 ' S, 174 ° 43.2 ' E), 12 Mar 1978, G. Kuschel (1 ♂; NZAC); Karekare (beach; 36 ° 59.1 ' S, 174 ° 28.8 ' E), 5 Feb 1998, VH (1 ♀; USNM). BP: Paradise Valley (38 ° 07.9 ' S, 176 ° 09.6 ' E), 7 Feb 1998, W. N. Mathis (1 ♀; USNM). ND: Bay of Islands, Waikaraka Stream Valley (S Puketi Forest; 35 ° 17.2 ' S, 173 ° 44.7 ' E), 13 Nov 1985, R. F. Gilbert (1 ♀; AMNZ). RI: Ohakune (39 ° 25.1 ' S, 175 ° 23.9 ' E), Nov 1922, T. R. Harris (1 ♀; BMNH). TO: National Park (12 km N; 39 ° 8.8 ' S, 175 ° 30.6 ' E; 840 m; Whakapapanui Stream and Mahuia Rapids), 4 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (5 ♂, 3 ♀; USNM); S. E. National Park (near Tongariro River; 39 ° 01.8 ' S, 175 ° 45.3 ' E; swampy bush), 1 Jan 1971, H. A. Oliver (1 ♂, 2 ♀; NZAC). WO: Pirongia Mountain, Lyn (37 ° 59.5 ' S, 175 ° 05.9 ' E; stream side), 7 Jan 1968, H. A. Oliver (1 ♂; NZAC). SOUTH ISLAND. BR: Punakaiki, Bullock Creek (42 ° 06 ' S, 171 ° 20.5 ' E; 20 m; Malaise trap), 4 – 17 Apr 1983, G. R. Champness (1 ♂, 1 ♀; LUNZ). CO: Danseys Pass (44 ° 56.7 ' S, 170 ° 34.1 ' E; at light), 9 Feb 1982, R. M. Emberson (1 ♀; LUNZ); Danseys Pass (44 ° 56.7 ' S, 170 ° 34.1 ' E; 245 m), 12 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (2 ♂, 4 ♀; USNM); Danseys Pass (1.2 km SW; 44 ° 57.2 ' S, 170 ° 22.0 ' E; 856 m), 11 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (2 ♂, 2 ♀; USNM). FD: Fiordland National Park, Grebe Valley (45 ° 35 ' S, 167 ° 22 ' E; 250 m), 4 Feb 1982, R. M. Emberson (1 ♀; LUNZ); Monowai (45 ° 46.5 ' S, 167 ° 37.0 ' E; 120 m); 20 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (1 ♀; USNM). KA: Hapuku Stream (42 ° 13 ' S, 173 ° 45.3 ' E; 420 m), 8 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (13 ♂, 15 ♀; USNM). MC: Acheron River (43 ° 19.7 ' S, 171 ° 40.5 ' E; 772 m), 10 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (2 ♀; USNM); Cass (43 ° 02.1 ' S, 171 ° 45.4 ' E), Feb 1925, A. Tonnoir (1 ♀; para- type; NZAC); Simois Stream (43 ° 17.8 ' S, 171 ° 32.9 ' E; 130 m), 10 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (1 ♀; USNM). NN: Motueka Valley, Graham Stream (41 ° 11.9 ' S, 172 ° 48.6 ' E), 12 Feb 1998, V. Hollmann (3 ♂; NZAC, USNM); Mt. Ar- thur (41 ° 13 ' S, 172 ° 40 ' E; 1372 m), 21 Dec 1921, A. Tonnoir (1 ♂; paratype; NZAC); Nelson (41 ° 17.7 ' S, 173 ° 17.5 ' E), 10 Aug 1922, A. Tonnoir (1 ♂; holotype; NZAC); Nelson, Maitai Valley (41 ° 16.5 ' S, 173 ° 19.2 ' E), 3 Jan 1968, D. J. Allan (1 ♂; NZAC). OL: Mararoa River (25 km E Te Anau; 45 ° 32.5 ' S, 167 ° 53.2 ' E; 295 m), 25 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (5 ♂, 5 ♀; USNM); Queenstown (45 ° 01.6 ' S, 168 ° 39.6 ' E; 330 m); 27 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (2 ♂; USNM). SC: Mesopotamia (43 ° 37 ' S, 170 ° 54 ' E), 6 Dec 1978, C. A. Muir (1 ♀; LUNZ). Lees Valley (43 ° 09 ' S, 172 ° 10.4 ' E), 25 Feb 1961, R. A. Harrison (1 ♀; LUNZ). Distribution (Map 1). Australasian / Oceanian: New Zealand. North Island (AK, BP, ND, RI, TO, WO), South Island (BR, CO, FD, KA, MC, NN, OL, SC). Remarks. This species ranges from costal lowlands to elevations of 1370 m and is apparently associated with lotic aquatic ecosystems. Although similar to N. obscurifrons, the only other known congener, this species differs from it by its generally larger size (body length 1.80 – 2.85 mm versus 1.35 – 1.93 mm for N. obscurifrons) and by the many characters noted previously in the key.	en	Mathis, Wayne N., Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz (2019): New taxonomic twists in shore flies as revealed in discovery of Neozealides, a new genus from New Zealand (Diptera: Ephydridae). Zootaxa 4656 (3): 487-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4656.3.6
6B6F87A0FFB8FFE363AD73B3FB43FE1F.taxon	description	(Figs. 6, 15 – 23, Map 2)	en	Mathis, Wayne N., Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz (2019): New taxonomic twists in shore flies as revealed in discovery of Neozealides, a new genus from New Zealand (Diptera: Ephydridae). Zootaxa 4656 (3): 487-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4656.3.6
6B6F87A0FFB8FFE363AD73B3FB43FE1F.taxon	materials_examined	Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Small shore flies, body length 1.35 – 1.93 mm. Generally light brown to brown with some gray to silvery gray (Fig. 16). Head (Figs. 15 – 16): Mesofrons unicolorous, completely brown, with some faint golden brown microtomentum, lacking gray stripes laterad of ocellar triangle. Face, parafacial, and most of gena silvery gray, posterodorsal portion of gena (adjacent to posteroventral margin of eye) with darker gray, oval area. Genal height more than half eye height. Gena-to-eye ratio: 0.54 – 0.63. Thorax (Figs. 6, 16): Mesonotum generally brown with 2 longitudinal lighter brown vittae on either side of acrostichal row and before dorsocentral track, lacking gray marks adjacent to dorsocentral track; acrostichal setulae lacking; apex of scutellum gray; subapical, lateral seta about 1 / 2 length of apical seta, apical seta slightly dorsoclinate; postpronotum silvery gray, like ventral margin of notopleuron and area immediately posterior of notopleuron, otherwise notopleuron brown as a lateral extension from brown coloration of mesonotum through anterior margin of notopleural triangle, brown encompassing single notopleural setal base; anepisternum gray except for a large, medial, oval brown spot; no anepisternal or katepisternal setae. Wing (Fig. 16) length 1.61 – 2.05 mm; wing width 0.71 – 0.97 mm; wing with cell R 1 infuscate basally and with an oval spot apical of level of crossvein r-m; 1 white spot in cell R 2 + 3 at level of crossvein dm-cu and with somewhat oval brown areas on either side of white spot; cell R 4 + 5 with 2 white spots equidistant from level of crossvein dm-cu and a narrow, longitudinal brown patch connecting the 2 white spots, apical portion hyaline; area surrounding crossvein r-m infuscate; cell br with white spot; discal cell and cell M each with 1 obovate brown spot about equal distance on either side of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein dm-cu with brown spot over anterior half that extends into cell R 4 + 5; wing length to width ratio: 0.44 – 0.48; costal vein ratio: 0.67 – 0.77; M vein ratio 0.48 – 0.52. Halter yellowish. Femora and tibiae concolorous with apices yellowish, femora also with dark annulus at apical 2 / 3; tarsi with basal 2 tarsomeres yellowish, apical tarsomeres becoming progressively more brownish with apical tarsomere brown. Abdomen: Male terminalia (Figs. 17 – 23): Epandrium (apparently including the fused surstyli) in posterior view (Fig. 17) generally broadly oval with a cluster of numerous setulae at ventral margin, apex moderately rounded, in lateral view (Fig. 18) vertically elongate, irregularly tear-drop shaped with dorsal half narrow, almost parallel sided, shallowly curved, digitiform, ventral half greatly expanded, more or less broadly and irregularly triangular, angulate anteriorly at midheight, ventral margin broadly rounded, ventral margin bearing a cluster of numerous setulae; cercus in posterior view (Fig. 17) broadly lunate, medial margin shallowly concave, lateral margin broadly rounded, bearing numerous, evenly dispersed setulae, in lateral view (Fig. 18) semi-hemispherical, posterior margin evenly and broadly rounded, anterior margin slightly convex, nearly straight; aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 23) elongate, unevenly Z-shaped from bifurcate base, dorsal extension shorter, slightly more than half length of ventral extension, tapered, thereafter apical portion abruptly recurved to very narrow extension, ventral extension narrowly tapered to sharply pointed apex, in ventral view (Fig. 21) irregularly rectangular, lateral margins unevenly concave, more pronounced after truncate base then more evenly expanded to broadly rounded, almost truncate apex; phallapodeme in lateral view (Fig. 23) narrowly triangular, keel relatively narrow, apical portion rod-like, extension to aedeagal base greatly narrowed and conspicuously curved, extension toward hypandrium angulate, about 90 degrees but with a short, pointed angle, in ventral view (Figs. 19, 22) I-like, linear, elongate, narrowly rectangular, truncate at both apices; gonite in lateral view (Fig. 23) with rod-like dorsal extension or bridge that connects with opposite extension above aedeagus, apical portion comparatively elongate, tapered to a sharply pointed apex, bearing a stout, spine-like setula sub-basally, and 2 much smaller setulae toward gonal base, base irregularly digitiform; hypandrium in ventral view (Figs. 19 – 20) comparatively broadly rounded anteriorly, posterior margin deeply incised on both sides, forming a wide, short, medial process that narrows in a step-wise manner to more narrowly truncate posterior margin. Primary Type Material. The holotype female is labeled “ [New Zealand.] Wairakei 6 Mar. 1923 A. Tonnoir / TYPE Hyadina obscurifrons n. sp. A. Tonnoir det. [pink; species name and “ n. sp. ” handwritten]. ” The holotype is double mounted (minuten wound around base pin, bent at 90 ° angle upward), is in good condition (right wing removed, mounted on a small celluloid slide that is attached to the main pin beneath the locality label; several setae, especially of head, missing), and is deposited in the NZAC. Type Locality. New Zealand. North Island: Wairakei (38 ° 37.2 ' S, 176 ° 06.2 ' E). Other Specimens Examined (all from New Zealand). NORTH ISLAND. BP: Paradise Valley (38 ° 07.9 ' S, 176 ° 09.9 ' E), 7 Feb 1998, VH, W. N. Mathis (2 ♂, 2 ♀; NZAC, USNM). TO: Wairakei (38 ° 37.2 ' S, 176 ° 06.2 ' E), 6 Mar 1923, A. Tonnoir (1 ♀; holotype; NZAC). SOUTH ISLAND. DN: Berwick (8.6 km W, Waipori River; 45 ° 55.6 ' S, 170 ° 01.8 ' E; 30 m); 13 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (2 ♂, 5 ♀; USNM). FD: Monowai (45 ° 46.5 ' S, 167 ° 37.0 ' E; 120 m); 20 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (4 ♂, 5 ♀; USNM). KA: Hapuku Stream (42 ° 13 ' S, 173 ° 45.3 ' E; 420 m), 8 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (7 ♂, 7 ♀; USNM). MC: Christchurch (Styx Mill Reserve; 43 ° 27.8 ' S, 172 ° 36.8 ' E; 9 m), 2 Feb 2004, W. N. Mathis (3 ♂, 9 ♀; USNM). NN: Graham Valley (41 ° 12.1 ' S, 172 ° 50.8 ' E), 12 Feb 1998, W. N. Mathis (2 ♂, 3 ♀; USNM); Motueka Valley, Graham Stream (41 ° 11.9 ' S, 172 ° 48.6 ' E), 12 Feb 1998, V. Hollmann (3 ♂; NZAC); Orchard Flats (41 ° 17.9 ' S, 173 ° 20.3 ' E), 10 Feb 1998, V. Hollmann, W. N. Mathis (2 ♂, 1 ♀; USNM). SL: Pourakino River (46 ° 11.7 ' S, 167 ° 55.4 ' E; 90 m); 14 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (1 ♂; USNM). Distribution (Map 2). Australasian / Oceanian: New Zealand. North Island (BP, TO), South Island (DN, FD, KA, MC, NN, SL). Remarks. Although similar to N. irroratus, this species is distinguished by its smaller size (see comments un- der N. irroratus) and its generally darker appearance in addition to the characters noted in the key.	en	Mathis, Wayne N., Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz (2019): New taxonomic twists in shore flies as revealed in discovery of Neozealides, a new genus from New Zealand (Diptera: Ephydridae). Zootaxa 4656 (3): 487-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4656.3.6
