identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
EFA15EF28C24E1B94D33308EE8A36B7F.text	EFA15EF28C24E1B94D33308EE8A36B7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium	<div><p>Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> Mayr</p><p>Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> Mayr, 1855: 452. Type-species: Monomorium monomorium Bolton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31657" title="Lookup 'Monomorium monomorium Bolton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1987: 287.</p><p>Phacota <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24902" title="Lookup 'Phacota' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> Roger, 1862: 260. Type species: Phacota sichelli Roger <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33556" title="Lookup 'Phacota sichelli Roger' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1862: 262. Synonym of Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Ettershank, 1966: 82. Genus revalidated: Bolton, 1987: 281. Syn. rev.</p><p>Nothidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24900" title="Lookup 'Nothidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> Ettershank, 1966: 105. Type-species: Monomorium latastei Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140751" title="Lookup 'Monomorium latastei Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1895: 10. Syn. n.</p><p>Antichthonidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2350" title="Lookup 'Antichthonidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> Snelling, 1975: 5. Type-species: Monomorium denticulatum Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133793" title="Lookup 'Monomorium denticulatum Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1887: 614. Junior synonym of Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Heterick, 2001: 361.</p><p>Epelysidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24897" title="Lookup 'Epelysidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> Bolton, 1987: 279. Type-species: Epelysidris brocha Bolton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28957" title="Lookup 'Epelysidris brocha Bolton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1987: 280. Syn. n.</p><p>For a full list of synonymies before Heterick (2001) see Bolton (1987: 287 - 288).</p><p>WORKER DIAGNOSIS (after Bolton, 1987: 289; Heterick, 2001: 363 - 364).</p><p>Monomorphic to polymorphic. Minute to moderately large in total length. Mandibles with 4 to 5 teeth. Maxillary palps with 2 to 4 segments. Median clypeal seta present, sometimes displaced or absent. Median portion of clypeus raised, longitudinally bicarinate, the carinae rarely effaced. Frontal carinae absent past frontal lobes. Antennal scrobes absent. Antennae with 11 - 12 segments and with club of 3 (rarely 4) segments. Eyes present, sometimes reduced. Metapleural glands never bulging or hypertrophied. Metapleural lobes usually small, rounded. Propodeum normally unarmed, sometimes angulated to dentate, rarely with lamelliform process. Propodeal spiracle usually circular and at about midlength of the sclerite, rarely in another position. Petiole pedunculated, the petiolar spiracle usually close to or at node. Sting functional.</p><p>Nothidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24900" title="Lookup 'Nothidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> was created by Ettershank (1966) and further delimited by Snelling (1975), who created Antichthonidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2350" title="Lookup 'Antichthonidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> to accomodate some species. Bolton (1987: 284 - 285) discussed the traits proposed for the latter, demonstrating their weakness and dubious value as generic-level characters: a vestibulated propodeal spiracle appears to be present in some Australian Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species (Bolton, 1987), for instance, as well as in M. delabiei <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231124" title="Lookup 'M. delabiei' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. Moreover, the inclusion of Antichthonidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2350" title="Lookup 'Antichthonidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> in Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, as proposed by Heterick (2001), leaves no justification for maintaining Nothidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24900" title="Lookup 'Nothidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> as a separate genus.</p><p>Phacota <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24902" title="Lookup 'Phacota' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> has been a taxonomic problem in the myrmicines, due to its poor description, the disappearance of the type specimen, and the lack of collected material referable to P. sichelii (Bolton, 1987) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33556" title="Lookup 'P. sichelii (Bolton, 1987)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, all of which have impeded an evaluation of its taxonomic status. Ettershank (1966) considered this name a junior synonym of Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. Bolton (1987) subsequently revived the genus, citing the few attributes that can be retrieved from Roger's (1862) original description; nevertheless, he made explicit his strong suspicion that the putative species is based on a wingless, ergatoid Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> female, perhaps from the M. salomonis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31703" title="Lookup 'M. salomonis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> group. Both the meager description (e. g., that the gaster is bigger than the head) and the important fact that the species has not been rediscovered in Spain or any other nearby location, are consistent with this interpretation. Given that the European ant fauna can be considered acceptably collected and studied, and in light of the group's importance, samples assignable to Phacota <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24902" title="Lookup 'Phacota' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> would surely have been detected and described by now. According to its description, Phacota <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24902" title="Lookup 'Phacota' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is characterized by 11 - segmented antennae with a 2 - segmented club. Some Neotropical Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> females possess this combination, but it is an antennal configuration unknown in Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, and it is highly probable that the description of the number of flagellomeres in the antenna and club is erroneous. It would not be the only inadvertent mistake of this type in the history of ant systematics, especially given the size of the ants and the optical resolution possible in the 19 th century. It seems of little practical use to maintain a badlydescribed genus, with no associated type material, and no other collected material, and I recommend that Phacota <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24902" title="Lookup 'Phacota' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> once again be demoted as proposed by Ettershank (1966) until and unless more material is discovered, or the type specimen (in good condition) reappears.</p><p>Epelysidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24897" title="Lookup 'Epelysidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is a monotypic genus of eastern Malaysia, easily separable by the distinctive pair of lobules on the basal border of each mandible, mandibular and clypeal structure, and palpal formula (Bolton, 1987). Although this taxon is undoubtedly monophyletic, its continued recognition as a separate genus would create the same dilemmas that characterize Antichthonidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2350" title="Lookup 'Antichthonidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, Nothidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24900" title="Lookup 'Nothidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, and some others. It is preferable to leave brocha as one additional (although highly apomorphic) species within Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>; I propose here that Epelysidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24897" title="Lookup 'Epelysidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> thus be considered a junior synonym of Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>.</p><p>Neotropical species of Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (includes recent introductions *).</p><p>M. bidentatum Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133791" title="Lookup 'M. bidentatum Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1887 comb. rev. – Chile, Argentina</p><p>M. brasiliense Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31424" title="Lookup 'M. brasiliense Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1908 - Brazil</p><p>M. carbonarium Fr. Smith <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31520" title="Lookup 'M. carbonarium Fr. Smith' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1858 – Azores</p><p>M. cekalovici (Snelling, 1975) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231135" title="Lookup 'M. cekalovici (Snelling, 1975)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> comb. nov. - Chile</p><p>M. chilensis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231134" title="Lookup 'M. chilensis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, n. name for N. bicolor Ettershank <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32893" title="Lookup 'N. bicolor Ettershank' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1965: 55, preoccupied by M. bicolor Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140750" title="Lookup 'M. bicolor Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1877: 368 - Chile</p><p>M. cyaneum Wheeler <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31533" title="Lookup 'M. cyaneum Wheeler' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1914 - Mexico</p><p>M. compressum Wheeler <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31525" title="Lookup 'M. compressum Wheeler' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1914 – Mexico</p><p>M. delabiei <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231124" title="Lookup 'M. delabiei' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> sp. n. - Brazil</p><p>M. denticulatum Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133793" title="Lookup 'M. denticulatum Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1887 comb. rev. – Chile, Argentina</p><p>M. destructor (Jerdon, 1852) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31539" title="Lookup 'M. destructor (Jerdon, 1852)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> * - Widespread</p><p>M. ebeninum Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31550" title="Lookup 'M. ebeninum Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1891 – Caribbean and coastal Mesoamerica</p><p>M. floricola (Jerdon, 1852) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31573" title="Lookup 'M. floricola (Jerdon, 1852)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> * - Widespread</p><p>M. inquilinum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31602" title="Lookup 'M. inquilinum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> DuBois, 1980 - Mexico</p><p>M. inusuale <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231125" title="Lookup 'M. inusuale' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> sp. n. - Brazil</p><p>M. latastei Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140751" title="Lookup 'M. latastei Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1895 comb. rev. - Chile</p><p>M. marjoriae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31642" title="Lookup 'M. marjoriae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> DuBois, 1986 – Mexico</p><p>M. minimum (Buckley, 1867) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31653" title="Lookup 'M. minimum (Buckley, 1867)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> – Mexico (?) Paraguay (?)</p><p>M. monomorium Bolton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31657" title="Lookup 'M. monomorium Bolton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1987 * – Barbados</p><p>M. pharaonis (Linnaeus, 1758) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31685" title="Lookup 'M. pharaonis (Linnaeus, 1758)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> * - Widespread</p><p>M. salomonis (Linnaeus, 1758) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31703" title="Lookup 'M. salomonis (Linnaeus, 1758)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> * - Widespread</p><p>M. subcoecum Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31726" title="Lookup 'M. subcoecum Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1894 – Caribbean (St. Thomas and Puerto Rico)</p><p>M. subopacum Fr. Smith <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31728" title="Lookup 'M. subopacum Fr. Smith' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1858 * – Antigua</p><p>Outside the Neotropical fauna the following changes are proposed:</p><p>Monomorium sichelii (Roger, 1862) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231133" title="Lookup 'Monomorium sichelii (Roger, 1862)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> comb. rev.</p><p>Monomorium brocha (Bolton, 1987) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231136" title="Lookup 'Monomorium brocha (Bolton, 1987)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> comb. n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EFA15EF28C24E1B94D33308EE8A36B7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
D3DB5CFE7047606433AB72A3BD6F0210.text	D3DB5CFE7047606433AB72A3BD6F0210.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium bidentatum Mayr	<div><p>Monomorium bidentatum Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133791" title="Lookup 'Monomorium bidentatum Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> comb. rev.</p><p>Monomorium bidentatum Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133791" title="Lookup 'Monomorium bidentatum Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1887: 616 (w, q).</p><p>Monomorium (Notomyrmex) bidentatum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231126" title="Lookup 'Monomorium (Notomyrmex) bidentatum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Emery, 1922: 169.</p><p>Monomorium (Notomyrmex) bidentatum piceonigrum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231127" title="Lookup 'Monomorium (Notomyrmex) bidentatum piceonigrum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> Borgmeier, 1948: 468 (w); Kusnezov, 1960: 345 (as junior synonym of bidentata <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:190526" title="Lookup 'bidentata' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>).</p><p>Notomyrmex bidentatum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231128" title="Lookup 'Notomyrmex bidentatum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Kusnezov, 1960: 345.</p><p>Nothidris bidentatus <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231129" title="Lookup 'Nothidris bidentatus' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Ettershank, 1966: 107.</p><p>Antichthonidris bidentatus <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231130" title="Lookup 'Antichthonidris bidentatus' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Snelling, 1975: 5 - 6 (w, q, m); Wheeler &amp; Wheeler, 1980: 533 (larvae).</p><p>Antichthonidris bidentata <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25380" title="Lookup 'Antichthonidris bidentata' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Bolton, 1995: 67.</p><p>Heterick (2001) synonymized Antichthonidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2350" title="Lookup 'Antichthonidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> under Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, but did not make the appropriate nomenclatural changes in the two species assigned to that genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D3DB5CFE7047606433AB72A3BD6F0210	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
C79DFE94E92B21507F4B289E3162F1F2.text	C79DFE94E92B21507F4B289E3162F1F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium brasiliense Forel	<div><p>Monomorium brasiliense Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31424" title="Lookup 'Monomorium brasiliense Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>Monomorium minutum subsp. brasiliense Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140347" title="Lookup 'Monomorium minutum subsp. brasiliense Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1908: 361 (w).</p><p>Monomorium monomorium subsp. brasiliense <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231131" title="Lookup 'Monomorium monomorium subsp. brasiliense' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Brandao, 1991: 357.</p><p>Monomorium brasiliense <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31424" title="Lookup 'Monomorium brasiliense' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Bolton, 1995: 260.</p><p>Bolton (1987) did not study the type of this species, nor the possibly corresponding native Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> material. The Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> native to South America are moderate to large in size; M. inusuale <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231125" title="Lookup 'M. inusuale' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and M. delabiei <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231124" title="Lookup 'M. delabiei' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> are small but with HW greater than 0.60 mm. There is a possibility that M. brasiliense <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31424" title="Lookup 'M. brasiliense' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> might in fact be a tramp species, erroneously described by Forel as a different (subspecific) taxon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C79DFE94E92B21507F4B289E3162F1F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
8A0A16A5A072F7F34D75B651484F6ABF.text	8A0A16A5A072F7F34D75B651484F6ABF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium cekalovici (Snelling)	<div><p>Monomorium cekalovici (Snelling) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231135" title="Lookup 'Monomorium cekalovici (Snelling)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> new combination</p><p>Nothidris cekalovici Snelling <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32894" title="Lookup 'Nothidris cekalovici Snelling' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1975: 3 (w); Bolton, 1995: 292.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A0A16A5A072F7F34D75B651484F6ABF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
E1F33B863DE1EBB3253D6C2FEC4F137A.text	E1F33B863DE1EBB3253D6C2FEC4F137A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium chilensis	<div><p>Monomorium chilensis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231134" title="Lookup 'Monomorium chilensis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, new name.</p><p>Megalomyrmex bicolor Ettershank <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140750" title="Lookup 'Megalomyrmex bicolor Ettershank' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1965: 55 (w, larva); Kempf, 1970: 359.</p><p>Nothidris bicolor <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32893" title="Lookup 'Nothidris bicolor' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Snelling, 1975: 3; Bolton, 1995: 292.</p><p>M. chilensis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231134" title="Lookup 'M. chilensis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is the new name proposed for bicolor <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31414" title="Lookup 'bicolor' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, a name preoccupied by Monomorium bicolor Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31414" title="Lookup 'Monomorium bicolor Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1877: 368.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E1F33B863DE1EBB3253D6C2FEC4F137A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
11A81C98EB54FBB28446DCA43737A91F.text	11A81C98EB54FBB28446DCA43737A91F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium cyaneum Wheeler	<div><p>Monomorium cyaneum Wheeler <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31533" title="Lookup 'Monomorium cyaneum Wheeler' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>It is not easy to separate M. cyaneum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31533" title="Lookup 'M. cyaneum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> from M. ebeninum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31550" title="Lookup 'M. ebeninum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and M. depressum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238556" title="Lookup 'M. depressum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. In the syntypes of M. cyaneum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31533" title="Lookup 'M. cyaneum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> examined (LACM) the mesopleuron is smooth, whereas the DuBois (1986) diagnosis and keys indicate punctate mesopleura for the species. There are Mexican workers (LACM) with punctate mesopleura identified as M. cyaneum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31533" title="Lookup 'M. cyaneum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, but other material referable to this species (Mexico, LACM) lacks this attribute. Perhaps there is variability in the character, but the limited material is insufficient to evaluate this possibility. In M. cyaneum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31533" title="Lookup 'M. cyaneum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> the propodeum is more weakly angled than in the other two species and supposedly there are 8 or fewer hairs on the mesosoma (DuBois, 1986). The pilosity varies somewhat in samples referable to these three species. M. cyaneum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31533" title="Lookup 'M. cyaneum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and M. depressum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238556" title="Lookup 'M. depressum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> share a petiole that is slightly curved in frontal view, as well as a petiolar node that is thicker in lateral view. M. ebeninum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31550" title="Lookup 'M. ebeninum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> has a petiole that is flat or weakly concave in frontal view. Thus the problem is how to separate M. cyaneum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31533" title="Lookup 'M. cyaneum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and M. depressum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238556" title="Lookup 'M. depressum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. As pointed out above, the punctate sculpturing of the mesopleura does not seem to be universal in cyaneum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31533" title="Lookup 'cyaneum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (three syntypes examined, LACM, do not have appreciable sculpturing on the mesopleura). A characteristic of the syntypes and other specimens (from Hatillo, Mexico, LACM) is the presence of a light metallic blue sheen on the entire body (from which the species name derives). A specimen labeled as cyaneum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31533" title="Lookup 'cyaneum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (LACM) by DuBois has mesopleural sculpturing but does not have the blue sheen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/11A81C98EB54FBB28446DCA43737A91F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
59E9FAA5CC853B71655EB25C43E3D097.text	59E9FAA5CC853B71655EB25C43E3D097.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium delabiei	<div><p>Monomorium delabiei <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231124" title="Lookup 'Monomorium delabiei' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, new species</p><p>Description</p><p>Worker measurements (mm): HW 0.65; HL 0.73; SL 0.53; EL 0.16; WL 1.03; PL 0.36; PPL 0.24; GL 1.00; TL 3.50. Indices: CI 89; SI 82.</p><p>Head slightly longer than wide. Sides of head slightly convex, evenly rounded into the posterior border, latter more or less straight with a small medial concavity. Mandibles with four teeth: the apical larger than the others, the subapical separated by a space from the basal teeth. Maxillary palps 2 segmented. Clypeus convex with no trace of carinae, extended posteriorly as smooth and shiny frontal area. Clypeus anteriorly convex. Antenna 12 - segmented with club 3 - segmented. Frontal carinae short.</p><p>Eyes large, well developed, with about 11 ommatidia in the maximum diameter, situated in the middle of the head.</p><p>In lateral view mesosoma with promesonotum convex. Metanotal groove deep, well marked. Propodeum unarmed. Declivity of propodeum devoid of transverse carinae. Propodeal spiracle with a thin walled vestibule anteriorly. Metapleural lobes small, rounded. Petiole with short peduncle, node rounded above. Petiolar spiracle at beginning of node. Petiolar ventral process consisting of anterior median keel. In dorsal view postpetiole wider than petiole. In side view postpetiole subcampaniform, with a ventral strong median tubercle, pointed anteriorly. Sting developed.</p><p>Entire body smooth and shining. Moderate erect pilosity on head, promesonotum, petiole, postpetiole and gaster, very few on propodeum. Larger hairs about 0.15 mm, those of head shorter. Clypeus with two series of transverse setae, those of anterior margin increasing in size toward the somewhat larger median apical setae. Body brown, most of gaster dark brown.</p><p>Queen and male unknown.</p><p>Type data: Holotype worker, Brazil, Bahia, Fazenda Amarillina, Guaratinga, 28. vii. 1993 (Pula / Michelli No. 4675 - D) (CEPLAC) .</p><p>Distribution: Eastern Brazil.</p><p>Etymology: This species is named for my friend and colleague Dr. Jacques Delabie, for his continuous supply of interesting ants.</p><p>Comments</p><p>In M. delabiei <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231124" title="Lookup 'M. delabiei' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> there are two transverse rows of hairs on the clypeus. In the row on the anterior border, the hairs increase in length from the lateral ones towards the midpoint, where they are longest (although not very much longer than the rest); in other words, there is no single medial hair that stands out, a characteristic typical of the tribe. This is also typical of some Megalomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24898" title="Lookup 'Megalomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, and in at least some “ Antichthonidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2350" title="Lookup 'Antichthonidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> ” workers, there is no apical medial seta. The clypeus forms a medial convexity with only a very weak trace of carinae. The tentorial pit is more than halfway between antennal receptacles and mandibular base (as in some “ Antichthonidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2350" title="Lookup 'Antichthonidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> ”), rather than near the antennal alveolus (as in some Neotropical Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>). The form of the propodeal spiracle is somewhat similar to that of Nothidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24900" title="Lookup 'Nothidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton, 1994: 104), with a visible vestibule preceding anteriorly the spiracle proper: in typical Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Megalomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24898" title="Lookup 'Megalomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> the spiracle is round and without anterior vestibules. The postpetiole has a robust, pointed ventral tubercle, a characteristic apparently not shared with other members of the genus or with Megalomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24898" title="Lookup 'Megalomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. The absence of the transverse propodeal carina excludes, by definition, the inclusion of this species in the typical Megalomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24898" title="Lookup 'Megalomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, although the character is not universal within the genus, and can be present in some Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/59E9FAA5CC853B71655EB25C43E3D097	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
E0188234D9E01B6FE6BFC2AD381F317D.text	E0188234D9E01B6FE6BFC2AD381F317D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium denticulatum Mayr	<div><p>Monomorium denticulatum Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133793" title="Lookup 'Monomorium denticulatum Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> revised combination</p><p>Monomorium denticulatum Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133793" title="Lookup 'Monomorium denticulatum Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1887: 614 (w, q); Wheeler &amp; Wheeler, 1980: 532 (larvae).</p><p>Monomorium denticulatum navarinensis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133795" title="Lookup 'Monomorium denticulatum navarinensis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> Forel, 1904: 7 (q); Kusnezov, 1960: 347 (as junior synonym of denticulata <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25381" title="Lookup 'denticulata' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>).</p><p>Monomorium denticulatum picea <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133796" title="Lookup 'Monomorium denticulatum picea' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> Emery, 1906: 120 (w); Kusnezov, 1960: 347 (as junior synonym of denticulata <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25381" title="Lookup 'denticulata' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>).</p><p>Monomorium (Notomyrmex) denticulatum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133794" title="Lookup 'Monomorium (Notomyrmex) denticulatum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Emery, 1922: 169.</p><p>Monomorium (Notomyrmex) denticulatum navarinensis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238557" title="Lookup 'Monomorium (Notomyrmex) denticulatum navarinensis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Emery, 1922: 169.</p><p>Monomorium (Notomyrmex) denticulatum inerme <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133794" title="Lookup 'Monomorium (Notomyrmex) denticulatum inerme' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> Borgmeier, 1948: 469 (worker); Kusnezov, 1949: 432 (as junior synonym of denticulata <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25381" title="Lookup 'denticulata' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>).</p><p>Notomyrmex denticulatum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238558" title="Lookup 'Notomyrmex denticulatum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Kusnezov, 1960: 347.</p><p>Nothidris denticulatus <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238559" title="Lookup 'Nothidris denticulatus' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Ettershank, 1966: 107.</p><p>Antichthonidris denticulatus <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238560" title="Lookup 'Antichthonidris denticulatus' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Snelling, 1975: 6; Heterick, 2001: 353.</p><p>Antichthonidris denticulata <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25381" title="Lookup 'Antichthonidris denticulata' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Bolton, 1995: 67.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0188234D9E01B6FE6BFC2AD381F317D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
7C545CA97E994B500A98527D9B12C81B.text	7C545CA97E994B500A98527D9B12C81B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium destructor (Jerdon)	<div><p>* Monomorium destructor (Jerdon) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31539" title="Lookup 'Monomorium destructor (Jerdon)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>A widespread tramp species, M. destructor <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31539" title="Lookup 'M. destructor' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is readily recognized by the fine transverse striae on the vertex, as well as the deep metanotal groove.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C545CA97E994B500A98527D9B12C81B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
12181B59CA62CA70CE3B371321DC2C02.text	12181B59CA62CA70CE3B371321DC2C02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium ebeninum Forel	<div><p>Monomorium ebeninum Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31550" title="Lookup 'Monomorium ebeninum Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>This species is similar to M. compressum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31525" title="Lookup 'M. compressum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and, to a lesser extent, to M. cyaneum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31533" title="Lookup 'M. cyaneum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. A characteristic that appears to separate it from similar species is the petiolar profile, which in frontal view is flat to weakly concave.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/12181B59CA62CA70CE3B371321DC2C02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
8ECB91D2BFD8406D1A92FF12E76A7AF5.text	8ECB91D2BFD8406D1A92FF12E76A7AF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium floricola (Jerdon)	<div><p>* Monomorium floricola (Jerdon) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31573" title="Lookup 'Monomorium floricola (Jerdon)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>This is a small adventive Old World species, as is M. monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31657" title="Lookup 'M. monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, with HW less than 0.35 mm. In M. floricola <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31573" title="Lookup 'M. floricola' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> the pale mesosoma is in sharp contrast to the darker head and gaster.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8ECB91D2BFD8406D1A92FF12E76A7AF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
4465EC127FE954A4E21FBF5EC4EC5FD7.text	4465EC127FE954A4E21FBF5EC4EC5FD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium inquilinum	<div><p>Monomorium inquilinum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31602" title="Lookup 'Monomorium inquilinum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> DuBois</p><p>Known only from queen and male castes. DuBois (1986) suggests that this species is a social parasite of M. cyaneum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31533" title="Lookup 'M. cyaneum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. Known only from the type locality, between Mexico City and Queretaro, Mexico.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4465EC127FE954A4E21FBF5EC4EC5FD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
39F4175AD077C454E5FD39A04EDFAD0A.text	39F4175AD077C454E5FD39A04EDFAD0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium inusuale	<div><p>Monomorium inusuale <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231125" title="Lookup 'Monomorium inusuale' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, new species</p><p>Figures 1 - 2</p><p>Description</p><p>Worker, measurements (mm), holotype (paratypes, n = 3): HW 0.48 (0.46 - 0.48); HL 0.57 (0.57 - 0.62); SL 0.37 (0.37 - 0 - 41); EL 0.03 (0.03); WL 0.72 (0.70 - 0.72); PL 0.25 (0.25); PPL 0.18 (0.18); GL 0.73 (0.73 - 0.80); TL 2.58 (2.58 - 2.61). Indices: CI 84 (74 - 84); SI 77 (77 - 89).</p><p>Head longer than wide. Sides of head parallel, very slightly wider anteriorly, broadly rounded into the posterior border, which is more or less straight. Mandibles with four teeth: the three apical separated from isolated basal by a large diastema. Maxillary palps 2 segmented. Median lobe of clypeus strong, bicarinate, narrowing posteriorly to narrow strip between frontal lobes. Clypeus with apical median seta and several paracarinal setae. Antenna 12 segmented with strong 3 segmented club; scapes fail to reach the vertexal border. Antennal insertions close together. Frontal carinae and antennal scrobes absent. Eyes reduced to indistinct ommatidia, placed in front of head midline.</p><p>In lateral view promesonotum slightly convex. Metanotal groove very deep, well marked. Propodeum unarmed, with a faint cuticular crest, from the meeting point of dorsal and declivity faces, extended and slightly higher, continuous with the small metapleural lobes. Propodeal spiracle circular, opened posteriorly. Bullae of metapleural glands large. Petiole with peduncle and node well differentiated, the node more or less with the sides parallel, dorsum convex. Petiolar spiracle at beginning of node. Petiolar ventral process tooth-like. Postpetiole subcampaniform, with a ventral strong transverse carina. Apical portion of penultimate tergite with four small pegs or teeth, hairs arising from outermost.</p><p>Mandibles, most of promesonotum, dorsum of petiole and postpetiole and gaster smooth and shining. Head with longitudinal rugulae mixed with dense foveae. Posterior promesonotum with feeble short rugulae. Most of mesopleura with irregular short longitudinal striae, mixed with fine reticulation. Most of propodeum and sides of petiole and postpetiole densely reticulated. Declivity of propodeum with several fine transverse carinae, the most posterior more marked. Moderate erect pilosity on head, promesonotum, petiole, postpetiole and gaster, very few on propodeum. Scapes with several erect hairs. Larger hairs about 0.15 mm, those of head shorter. Body brown, appendages lighter.</p><p>Queen and male unknown.</p><p>Type data: Holotype worker, Brazil, Bahia, Barrolandia, 16 - 23.07.1994 (S. Lacau) (CEPLAC).</p><p>Paratypes, 1 worker, same data as holotype, deposited in ICN; 3 workers, Brazil, Amazonas, Benjamin Constant, 21. ix. 1962 (W. L. Brown Jr.) (MZSP) ; 2 workers, Ecuador, Napo, Limoncocha, 1973 (M. Rettenmeyer) (MZSP, BMNH) .</p><p>Distribution: Ecuador and Brazil.</p><p>Etymology: The name refers to the unusual traits of the ant, and the taxonomical difficulties for their generic placement.</p><p>Comments</p><p>This species presents a series of unusual characters that are interesting in the context of the Solenopsidini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" title="Lookup 'Solenopsidini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, and especially Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and its allied genera. The long diastema between the 3 apical teeth and the basal tooth does not appear to be common in the genus or any other close genera.</p><p>The same can be said for the much reduced eyes, since large, multifaceted eyes are common in the genus, although some Afrotropical species have reduced eyes (Snelling, personal communication). The narrow carina or propodeal crest that extends down to join the metapleural lobes is reminiscent of Epelysidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24897" title="Lookup 'Epelysidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. The anterior and posterior sides of the petiolar node are more or less straight; in other species in this and neighboring genera, they tend to be rounded. The postpetiole has a strong transverse keel in the ventral part, which is reminiscent of Adelomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2325" title="Lookup 'Adelomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. The head sculpturing is also unusual, with longitudinal rugules mixed with obvious foveae, a trait which is absent in other Neotropical Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. The most outstanding feature is the series of minute teeth or pegs in the last abdominal tergum, from at least the outermost of which arise hairs. This appears to be an autapomorphic structure, absent in other Solenopsidini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" title="Lookup 'Solenopsidini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and probably in Myrmicinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2258" title="Lookup 'Myrmicinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>; it is somewhat like the pygidial pegs of Cerapachyinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2249" title="Lookup 'Cerapachyinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Pachycondyla crassinoda <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33253" title="Lookup 'Pachycondyla crassinoda' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> workers.</p><p>The Brazilian specimens are uniform in size and general aspect. Nevertheless, the two Ecuadorian specimens differ somewhat in size and some measurements (slightly shorter dorsal side of the propodeum, for instance) and the visible micropegs of the last tergum are less conspicuous than those of Benjamin Constant, Brazil. These structures are well-developed in the type specimen, from Bahia, but the propodeum is intermediate between the other Brazilian specimens and those from Ecuador. Given that in the other essential characteristics all samples are similar, I prefer to consider these differences as within-species variability, instead of creating a new taxon that might result in a paraphyletic species.</p><p>Is M. inusuale <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231125" title="Lookup 'M. inusuale' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> truly a Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>? I recently was loaned two interesting myrmicines from CEPLAC. The first of these, a worker from Guaramiranga (Brazil, Ceara) is reminiscent in general form of the Australian M. sublamellatum, although without a single apical clypeal seta and clypeus so conspicuously bicarinate. The Brazilian specimen could pass as an unusual Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. However, the discovery of a preoccipital carina — supposedly apomorphic in Rogeria <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24915" title="Lookup 'Rogeria' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> — could require the inclusion of the species in the latter genus, in spite of the fact that other characteristics do not coincide (Kugler, 1994). Or, alternatively, the Australian species possibly does not belong in Solenopsidini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" title="Lookup 'Solenopsidini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>; Heterick (2003) places sublamellatum in Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by default, since it does not fit in any other genus of the tribe. The paraphyletic nature of Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> renders it a “ basket ” or “ catch-all ” genus. Maybe sublamellatum, like this Ceara worker, belongs to Stenammini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2314" title="Lookup 'Stenammini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton, personal communication).</p><p>The second CEPLAC specimen from Bahia (Brazil, S. Jose Victoria, No. 2139, provisionally determined as Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> sp.) has a general aspect typical of Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, the genus to which the Bolton (1994) key leads, if one ignores the absence of the apical clypeal seta (which is variable in Solenopsidini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" title="Lookup 'Solenopsidini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>). Nevertheless, as in the above case, this specimen might better be associated with some Stenammini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2314" title="Lookup 'Stenammini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, possibly Rogeria <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24915" title="Lookup 'Rogeria' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, although it is impossible to confirm the preoccipital carina in the unique dry-mounted specimen, and the total absence of color and other traits make it difficult to place in Rogeria <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24915" title="Lookup 'Rogeria' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (as defined by Kugler, 1994).</p><p>Bolton (personal communication) suggests that M. inusuale <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231125" title="Lookup 'M. inusuale' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> might be a member of Stenammini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2314" title="Lookup 'Stenammini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, which was my first suspicion due to the overall resemblance with members of this tribe. The traits of frontal lobes and toruli, as well as clypeal posterior border, places inusuale in the Stenammini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2314" title="Lookup 'Stenammini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> as diagnosed in Bolton (2003: 58). However, the first gastral tergite clearly overlapping the first sternite on ventral surface, and the single medial clypeal seta puts the taxon in the Solenopsidini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" title="Lookup 'Solenopsidini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, again sensu Bolton (2003: 59 - 60). Although the solenopsidine tribe group (Bolton 2003: 57) may be a monophyletic group, the tribes proposed by Bolton (2003) as Stenammini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2314" title="Lookup 'Stenammini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Solenopsidini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" title="Lookup 'Solenopsidini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> currently lack synapomorphies. Perhaps the mixed traits of inusuale, the Australian species, and the Brazilian specimens referred to above may justify merging the two tribes. On the other hand, moving these taxa from Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> to Stenammini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2314" title="Lookup 'Stenammini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> simply transfers the problem of generic allocation from one tribe to the other.</p><p>Bolton (2003) has clarified some of the uncertainties in the systematics of the myrmicines allied to Solenopsidini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" title="Lookup 'Solenopsidini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Stenammini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2314" title="Lookup 'Stenammini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. However, there are many problems to be resolved only when the limits of the Myrmicine tribes are clearly defined. For these reasons, I think that the only option at the moment is to leave inusuale as a member of Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/39F4175AD077C454E5FD39A04EDFAD0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
C256D79EFD86EE13C6A4A36DCFD754A4.text	C256D79EFD86EE13C6A4A36DCFD754A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium latastei Emery	<div><p>Monomorium latastei Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140751" title="Lookup 'Monomorium latastei Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> revised combination</p><p>Monomorium latastei Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140751" title="Lookup 'Monomorium latastei Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1895: 10 (w); Wheeler &amp; Wheeler 1980: 533 (larva).</p><p>Monomorium (Notomyrmex) latastei <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140751" title="Lookup 'Monomorium (Notomyrmex) latastei' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Emery, 1922: 169.</p><p>Nothidris latastei <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32895" title="Lookup 'Nothidris latastei' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Ettershank, 1966: 106.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C256D79EFD86EE13C6A4A36DCFD754A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
6DA5C04AB6E50C078904EF3F90FC6FA9.text	6DA5C04AB6E50C078904EF3F90FC6FA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium marjoriae	<div><p>Monomorium marjoriae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31642" title="Lookup 'Monomorium marjoriae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> DuBois</p><p>The worker caste of this species is indistinguishable from those of M. minimum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31653" title="Lookup 'M. minimum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and M. wheelorum. However, M. marjoriae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31642" title="Lookup 'M. marjoriae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is the only species (of these three) recorded for Mexico (DuBois, 1986).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6DA5C04AB6E50C078904EF3F90FC6FA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
98EC9E94E050776E468D0DE75AE17D42.text	98EC9E94E050776E468D0DE75AE17D42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium minimum (Buckley)	<div><p>Monomorium minimum (Buckley) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31653" title="Lookup 'Monomorium minimum (Buckley)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>Kempf (1972) recorded this species from Paraguay, following Forel (1917). However, I know of no confirmed records of this species from Paraguay or any other Neotropical country and it is not included in the key below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/98EC9E94E050776E468D0DE75AE17D42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
023E5BF5DD92D3D09F57A463C0F2CB45.text	023E5BF5DD92D3D09F57A463C0F2CB45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium monomorium Bolton	<div><p>* Monomorium monomorium Bolton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31657" title="Lookup 'Monomorium monomorium Bolton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>Wilson and Taylor (1967) mention the presence of this Old World species (as M. minutum Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140489" title="Lookup 'M. minutum Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>) from Brazil. However, I know of no confirmed records in the literature. It has also been recorded from Barbados (Kempf, 1972).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/023E5BF5DD92D3D09F57A463C0F2CB45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
EC8E3FC241F49E6723F2FB0A75B0238A.text	EC8E3FC241F49E6723F2FB0A75B0238A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus)	<div><p>* Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31685" title="Lookup 'Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>Monomorium pharaonis, <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31685" title="Lookup 'Monomorium pharaonis,' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> M. salomonis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31703" title="Lookup 'M. salomonis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and M. subopacum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31728" title="Lookup 'M. subopacum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> are the only species in the Neotropics with head and mesosoma with fine reticulate-punctate sculpturation and mandibular dorsum with coarse longitudinal rugulae. M. pharaonis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31685" title="Lookup 'M. pharaonis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> has two rows of hairs on the head between the vertex and carinae, which distinguishes this species from the other two. M. pharaonis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31685" title="Lookup 'M. pharaonis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is one of the best-known Old World tramp species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC8E3FC241F49E6723F2FB0A75B0238A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
98D99E844B6FDA6D9F37DE3AFAF7D086.text	98D99E844B6FDA6D9F37DE3AFAF7D086.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium salomonis (Linnaeus)	<div><p>* Monomorium salomonis (Linnaeus) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31703" title="Lookup 'Monomorium salomonis (Linnaeus)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>The body is sculptured as in M. pharaonis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31685" title="Lookup 'M. pharaonis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and M. subopacum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31728" title="Lookup 'M. subopacum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. It differs from these by the lack of hairs on the dorsum, and presence of a medial notch in the anterior clypeal margin. It is a widespread species, introduced in the Neotropics.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/98D99E844B6FDA6D9F37DE3AFAF7D086	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
7486C382E7DC62A05FAC40FA6FAA70D0.text	7486C382E7DC62A05FAC40FA6FAA70D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium subcoecum Emery	<div><p>Monomorium subcoecum Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31726" title="Lookup 'Monomorium subcoecum Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>This is a minute, pale ant, with propodeum angles well marked. Mesopleuron sculptured. Body with abundant pilosity. It was described from St. Thomas in the Lesser Antilles, but is found also in Puerto Rico (R. R. Snelling, pers. comm.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7486C382E7DC62A05FAC40FA6FAA70D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
D58E961E478E3138BDE4A7E7EF6C8EDE.text	D58E961E478E3138BDE4A7E7EF6C8EDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium subopacum (Fr. Smith)	<div><p>Monomorium subopacum (Fr. Smith) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31728" title="Lookup 'Monomorium subopacum (Fr. Smith)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>Similar in general form as M. pharaonis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31685" title="Lookup 'M. pharaonis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and the body is without erect hairs; clypeus without the medial notch as in M. salomonis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31703" title="Lookup 'M. salomonis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. Originally described from the Azores, M. subopacum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31728" title="Lookup 'M. subopacum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> has been recorded from Antigua in the Lesser Antilles (Kempf, 1972).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D58E961E478E3138BDE4A7E7EF6C8EDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fernández, F.	Fernández, F. (2007): Two new South American species of Monomorium Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. In: Snelling, R. R., Fisher, B. L., Ward, P. S. (Eds): Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 128-145, URL: http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/15383
