taxonID	type	description	language	source
684987C6FFBEFFEDFC179BFCFE0FD8C6.taxon	materials_examined	Type species Paggipelopia spaccesii gen. et sp. nov. Etymology Paggi refers to Dr Analía Constancia Paggi, in recognition of her contributions to our knowledge of the systematics and ecology of the Argentine chironomids; pelopia is derived from the suppressed Meigen, 1800 genus name Pelopia, being a frequently used suffix within the Tanypodinae. Diagnosis The new genus can be separated from the remaining genera of Macropelopiini by a combination of the following character states. Male: Scutal tubercle absent; antepronotal tubercle present, RM and FCu dark; foreleg with tibial comb; legs with pointed claws, inferior volsella present. Female: Elongated terminal flagellomere (as long as flagellomeres 9 – 13); seminal capsule globose with symmetrical neck position; coxosternapodeme with a bend. Pupa: Dc 1 thin, Dc 2 long and granulated, longer than Dc 1; shagreen with short serially arranged spines; anal lobe long, more or less symmetrical, with the apical spine close to the middle, and outer and inner fringe present, both decreasing towards the anal point. Larva: Dorsomentum with three bigger central teeth, plus one basal and two distal and shorter teeth; A 2 with the style arising subapically; prominent membranous area at the junction of A 2 and A 3; procercus relatively broad, 2.67 – 3.03 L / W. Cephalic setation: S 10 posterior to S 9; SSm slightly posterior and mesial to S 10, and VP posterolateral to S 10, more or less in same line with S 9 and S 10. Remarks: Distinctive in the adult male of Paggipelopia gen. nov. is the presence of the foretibial comb, a feature among the Macropelopiini that is shared with Alotanypus and Macropelopia. Paggipelopia gen. nov. is distinguished in the male adult from these genera by the following characters: from Macropelopia, by the absence of a scutal tubercle and from Alotanypus by the absence of spatulate claws. The female of Paggipelopia gen. nov. has a long terminal flagellomere and seminal capsules rounded, with the neck placed symmetrically. The coxosternapodeme has a clear bend, a character also observed at least in Alotanypus aris, Alotanypus venustus, and Alotanypus kuroberobustus (Sasa & Okazawa, 1992). In the pupal identification key of Fittkau & Murray (1986), Paggipelopia gen. nov. keys to Brundiniella. Paggipelopia gen. nov. differs, however, from this genus because Brundiniella has an oval plastron plate, a thin Dc 2, which is shorter than Dc 1, and five lateral taeniate setae on segments VI and VII. The pupa of Paggipelopia gen. nov. resembles the notata group of Macropelopia in the five taeniate setae on segment VI, but Macropelopia lacks the inner fringe of the anal lobe. The symmetrical anal lobe clearly distinguishes Paggipelopia gen. nov. from Wuelkerella, Apsectrotanypus, and Alotanypus. In addition, the serially arranged shagreen, the presence of rods, and the horn sac that fills the entire lumen distinguish Paggipelopia gen. nov. from Alotanypus. The larva of Paggipelopia gen. nov. keys to Apsectrotanypus in Cranston & Epler (2013), sharing a few big dorsomental teeth and antennal segment 2 with a subapical style. The presence of a strong S 9 and a branched S 10 cephalic seta in Paggipelopia gen. nov., however, distinguishes this genus from Apsectrotanypus. This setal arrangement in Paggipelopia gen. nov. is shared among Macropelopiini only with Alotanypus aris. Generic description Adult male Antenna: Pedicel, flagellomeres, and plume brown. Head: Temporal bi- to multiserial, postorbitals biserial. Thorax: Dark brown, vittae not distinct. Antepronotum with antepronotal lobe and a ventral group of setae. Preepisternals and postnotals always present, anepisternals rarely present. Scutal tubercle absent. Wing: C extended beyond R 4 + 5. RM and FCu darkened, membrane with dark spots. Legs: Light to dark brown, with apex of femur, base and apex of tibia, and apex of tarsomere 1 darker. Tibial spurs with short lateral teeth; surface of tibial spurs with fine spinules. Tibial comb present on fore- and hindlegs. Claws slender, distally pointed in all legs. Pulvilli small to absent. Hypopygium: Tergite IX with posterior setae distributed in irregular rows. Anal point more or less conical. Gonocoxite with inferior volsella well developed. Gonostylus broad basally, with or without a narrowed apex. Adult female Antenna: Antenna with 14 flagellomeres; terminal flagellomere long. Head: Temporals bi- to multiserial, postorbitals biserial. Thorax: Coloration as in male. Antepronotum with antepronotal lobe and a group of ventral setae. Preepisternals and postnotals always present, anepisternals absent. Scutal tubercle absent. Wing: As in male. Legs: Coloration and tibial spurs as in male. Tibial comb present only on hindlegs. Claws slender, distally pointed in all legs. Pulvilli small to absent. Genitalia: Gonapophysis VIII rounded; coxosternapodeme with a bend; segment X setose; cercus oval; postgenital plate reduced or absent; seminal capsules ovoid with neck placed symmetrically. Pupa Cephalothorax: Thoracic horn large, horn sac filling almost the entire lumen, with internal supporting rods. Plastron plate well developed, about 0.20 of the total length of the thoracic horn. External surface of the thoracic horn with spines. Dc 1 thin, Dc 2 strong and highly granulated; Sa long, not granulated. Length of dorsocentral setae: Dc 1 <Dc 2 <Sa. Abdomen: Scar on tergite I well developed. Shagreen with serially arranged spines. Dorsal setae: D 1 spiniform; D 2 and D 3 long, commonly hooked; D 4 short and thin, D 5 almost half as long as D 1. Segments VII – VIII with five taeniate lateral setae. Anal lobe symmetrical, with the anal point close to the middle of each lobe; outer and inner border fringed, both decreasing to the apex and ending in small spines. Male genital sac almost half as long as the anal lobe. Larva Medium to large larvae, up to 6 mm long. Head: Rounded – oval. Dorsally S 7, S 8, and dorsal pore (DP) forming a right angle; S 6 anterolateral to S 7. Ventrally S 9 and S 10 vertically aligned; SSm slightly posterior and mesial to S 10; ventral pore (VP) posterior and lateral to S 10. Description of cephalic setae: S 5, S 6, S 7, and SSm multibranched; S 10 branched into two or three; S 8 and S 9 simple. Antenna: Somewhat longer than mandible. Antennal ratio about 6.2 – 7.0. Basal segment with ring organ in the apical third; segment 2 about 3.0 – 5.0 times as long as wide. Style inserted subapically to segment 2; membranous area at the junction of A 2 and A 3 present. Mandible: Mola with one short distal tooth; seta subdentalis slender. Maxilla: Ring organ of the maxillary palp medially placed. Mentum and M appendage: Dorsomentum with three large and rounded central teeth, plus one short basal and two short distal teeth. Pseudoradula of uniform width, weakly granulose. Ligula: With five teeth, points of the inner lateral teeth distinctly curved outward. Paraligula: Unevenly bifid. Body: With fringe of swim setae. With four rather long, conical anal tubules. Procercus with 13 apical setae. Claws of posterior parapods simple; smallest claws simple, weakly curved.	en	Siri, Augusto, Donato, Mariano (2015): Phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Macropelopiini (Chironomidae: Tanypodinae): adjusting homoplasies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 174 (1): 74-92, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12228, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12228
684987C6FFB8FFEDFF13983AFA00DD63.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named in honor of Fernando Spaccesi, our friend and an invaluable collaborator in the fieldwork. Diagnosis See generic diagnosis. Type material (all deposited at MLP, except when otherwise stated) Holotype: Adult ♂ with larval and pupal exuviae, Argentina, Buenos Aires Province, Sierra de la Ventana, Parque Provincial E. Torquinst, unnamed stream at the piedemont of the Bahía Blanca hill, 38 ° 04 ′ 06.3 ″ S, 61 ° 58 ′ 28.15 ″ W, 468 m a. s. l., 4. X. 2013, D- net, M. Donato, A. Siri & F. Spaccesi. Paratypes: One adult ♂, same data as holotype; three adult ♂ and two adult ♀, same data as holotype except for 10. XII. 2010; one adult ♂, same data as holotype except for 2 – 4. XI. 2011, light trap; one larva (NHM) and one adult ♂, same data as holotype except for 20. V. 2012, light trap. Two larvae and one prepupa, Argentina, Buenos Aires Province, Sierra de la Ventana, Parque Provincial E. Torquinst, Ventana stream, 38 ° 03 ′ 42.4 ″ S, 62 ° 01 ′ 21.4 ″ W, 518 m a. s. l., 21. V. 2011; two larvae and one pupae, 5. XI. 2011, D- net, M. Donato, A. Siri & F. Spaccesi. One adult ♂ with its pupal exuviae, Argentina, Buenos Aires Province, Sierra de la Ventana, Parque Provincial E. Torquinst, Cueva del Toro stream, 38 ° 01 ′ 19.0 ″ S, 62 ° 01 ′ 33.3 ″ W, 672 m a. s. l., 1. VI. 2013, D- net, M. Donato, A. Siri & F. Spaccesi. One adult ♂ with the pupal exuviae, Argentina, Chubut Province, Valle Chico stream, 42 ° 55 ′ 40.0 ″ S, 71 ° 15 ′ 58.0 ″ W, 29. VIII. 2012, hand net, D. Anjos Santos & P. Pessaq (NHM). One pharate ♀, Argentina, Chubut Province, Puerto Patriada, 18. X. 2012, hand net, D. Anjos Santos & P. Pessaq. Three pupal exuviae, Argentina, Tierra del Fuego Province, Ruta Complementaria B, 53 ° 54 ′ 06.0 ″ S, 67 ° 55 ′ 56.3 ″ W, 61 m. a. s. l., 5. XII. 2005, drift net, M. Donato. Three adult ♂, one adult male with its pupal exuviae, Argentina, Rio Negro Province, Rincón de Comicó, 41 ° 08 ′ 33.8 ″ S, 67 ° 27 ′ 36.0 ″ W, 1000 m a. s. l., light trap and hand net, respectively, M. Donato, G. Rossi, and G. Spinelli. Description Male (N = 8 – 12, except when otherwise stated in parentheses; Fig. 2 A – D) Total length 4.95 – 6.58 (4.95) mm. Total length / wing length 1.70 – 1.82 (1.82). Coloration: Thorax brown to dark brown, without evident vittae. Abdomen (Fig. 2 A): tergites II – IV with brown lateromedial bands and an ovoid central spot, tergite V similar to tergites II – IV but generally darker, tergites VI – IX and hypopygium completely brown. Wing with spots on the apex and on the r 4 + 5 cell membrane. Dark marks present on the base of the squama, on RM, FR, FCu, and on the apex of An (Fig. 2 B). Head: Antenna, antennal ratio (AR) 1.6 – 1.8 (1.73). Temporals bi- to multiserial 40 – 50 (48); postorbitals biserial, 12 – 18 (18). Clypeus with 9 – 20 (13) setae. Tentorium 220 – 300 (220) long. Palpomere lengths (1 – 5) 70 – 75 (70); 110 – 130 (120); 180 – 220 (180); 210 – 280 (210); 350 – 490 (370). Thorax: Antepronotum with between seven and 11 (10) lateral setae, with a tubercle between antepronotal setae; acrostichals 40 (1); prescutelar area with three or four setae on each side; dorsocentrals 22 – 37 (24); prealars 17 – 29 (17); supraalar 1; scutellars 23 – 40 (23); preepisternals 3 – 7 (4); anepisternals 0 – 1 (1); postnotum with two or three (three) setae. Wing: Length 2.71 – 3.66 (2.71) mm; width 0.80 – 1.02 (0.80) mm. L / W 3.39 – 3.78 (3.39). Costa extended 180 – 220 (220) beyond R 4 + 5. Brachiolum with between three and seven (three) distal setae, plus between two and five (three) proximal setae. Squama fringed with 36 – 54 (38) setae. Legs: Foreleg: tibial spur 75 – 93 (75) long; comb with at least 12 short spines. Midleg: tibial spurs 80 – 110 (83) and 63 – 80 (63) long; four or five (four) sensilla chaetica on tarsomere 1. Hindleg: tibial spurs 83 – 110 (83) and 63 – 80 (63) long; comb with 10 – 14 (12) spines. Lengths and proportions of legs in Table 3. Hypopygium (Fig. 2 C – D). Setae on tergite IX, 28 – 39 (28). Gonocoxite 220 – 280 (220) long; inferior volsella well developed. Gonostylus 115 – 160 (115) long,	en	Siri, Augusto, Donato, Mariano (2015): Phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Macropelopiini (Chironomidae: Tanypodinae): adjusting homoplasies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 174 (1): 74-92, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12228, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12228
684987C6FFA4FFF0FF009D24FD56DD62.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Two adult ♂ and two adult ♀ with the associated pupal exuviae; eight pupal exuviae, Argentina, Río Negro Province, Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, Laguna Schmoll, 41 ° 11 ′ 36.7 ″ S, 71 ° 29 ′ 51.2 ″ W, 1925 m a. s. l., 20. II. 2007, hand net, M. Donato. Two adult ♀, Argentina, Río Negro Province, Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, Laguna Tonchek, 41 ° 11 ′ 54.2 ″ S, 71 ° 29 ′ 12.0 ″ W 1747 m a. s. l., 24. I. 2007, sweep net, A. Garré & F. Montes de Oca. Based on the material above, the generic diagnosis for W. toncekensis male, female, and pupa (Añón Suárez & Sublette, 2012) must be emended as follows. Male Scutal tubercle absent; antepronotal tubercle present; Antennal ratio 0.8 – 1.1, as described in Table 1 and generic description of Añón Suárez & Sublette (2012), but not as described mistakenly in the species description. Legs: tibial spur on p 1 85 – 88 long; foretibial comb absent; tibial spurs on p 2 80 – 88 and 62 – 68 long, tibial spurs on p 3 84 – 88 and 60 – 68 long; comb on tibia 3 reduced to absent; simple claws in all legs. Female (N = 3 or 4, except when otherwise stated in parentheses) Total length 4.63 – 4.93 mm. Total length / wing length 1.52 – 1.68. Coloration: Thorax and wing spots as in male. Head: Antennal ratio 0.25. Terminal flagellomere 130 – 157 long. Clypeus with 12 – 20 setae. Palpomere lengths (1 – 5): 55 – 60; 90 – 108; 170 – 205; 180 – 215; 300 – 320 (2). Thorax: Antepronotum with between six and nine lateral setae, with a tubercle between these setae; pre-alars 19 – 26; supraalar 1; pre-episternals 7 – 15; dorsocentrals 56 – 70; prescutelars 4; scutelars 52 – 60; postnotals 4 – 7; anepisternals 3 – 4. Wing: Length 2.75 – 3.25 mm; width 1.00 – 1.13 mm; L / W 2.75 – 2.89. Costa extended 180 – 200 beyond R 4 + 5. Squama fringed with 45 – 72 setae. Legs: Foreleg: tibial spur 85 – 100 long, foretibial comb absent. Midleg: tibial spurs 92 – 105 and 70 – 82 long. Hindleg: tibial spurs 90 – 100 and 70 – 82 long; tibial comb absent. Genitalia: Cercus 70 – 75 long. Seminal capsule 55 – 70 long; notum 245 – 255 (2) long; segment X with six (two) setae on each lateral side. Pupa (N = 8 – 10, except when otherwise stated in parentheses) Total length 5.6 – 6.3 mm. Cephalothorax: Thoracic setation: Dc 1 (= Mt 2) very short, 7 – 20 long (5); Dc 2 (= Mth 1) spine shaped, smooth or slightly granulated, 90 – 120 long; length of Dc 1 / length of Dc 2 0.10 – 0.17; Sa (= Mth 3) 115 – 125 (2) long. Distance between Dc 1 and Dc 2 130 – 170; between Dc 2 and Sa 250 – 290. One MAps simple, 95 – 145 long. Two? LAps: one simple, 100 – 145 (4) long; only the insertions of the other were observed. Abdomen: Scar on segment I present. Shagreen with between two and five serially arranged short spines. Segments VII and VIII with five pairs of lateral taeniate setae; anal lobe with two pairs of long and taeniate lateral setae. Position of LS 1 / segment length 0.48 – 0.55 on segment VII; 0.18 – 0.27 on segment VIII. Anal lobe 790 – 890 long; 350 – 430 wide; L / W = 2.00 – 2.29. Position of LS / anal lobe length 0.14 – 0.18 for LS 1; 0.20 – 0.28 for LS 2. Male genital sac 330 (1) long; length of male genital sac / length of anal lobe 0.39 (1). Remarks: This species closely resembles Apsectrotanypus in the presence of postnotals, the absence of a foretibial comb, a reduced comb on p 3 and simple claws on the male legs, and the shape of the thoracic horn and shagreen in the pupa. The discovery and description of the larval stage of W. toncekensis, or its inclusion in a molecular study, will define the validity of this genus or whether it should be transferred to Apsectrotanypus.	en	Siri, Augusto, Donato, Mariano (2015): Phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Macropelopiini (Chironomidae: Tanypodinae): adjusting homoplasies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 174 (1): 74-92, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12228, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12228
