taxonID	type	description	language	source
686E87A5BE72FFD0FFD0FCA5FB2EF95B.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE. — Eremolaena humblotiana Baill.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE72FFD0FFD0FCA5FB2EF95B.taxon	description	The genus Eremolaena comprises two species, both of which have been recognized for many decades. Vegetatively they closely resemble several species in the two putatively related genera, including Pentachlaena orientalis, Perrierodendron capuronii, and P. occidentalis, and can sometimes be difficult to recognize without flowers and / or fruits. Distinctive features of the genus include strongly unequal sepals (the outer two being much smaller), an ovary with 3 carpels (vs. 2 in Perrierodendron and 5 in Pentachlaena), and a dehiscent fruit (also present in Pentachlaena) containing only 2 seeds in each locule.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE72FFD0FD90FF6CFB2EFD09.taxon	description	In order to facilitate identification in Madagascar, the keys to the genera and species are also given in French.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE75FFD7FFD3FF58FDCBFBE3.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Humblot 245, Madagascar, Prov. Toamasina, Manahar [= Manahara?], NE du Lac Alaotra, 13 May 1882 (holo-, P!; iso-, K!, MO!, P [2 sheets]!).	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE75FFD7FFD3FF58FDCBFBE3.taxon	description	Eremolaena humblotiana is restricted to humid and subhumid evergreen forest at low and middle altitude, up to 1200 (- 1500) m, from the Brickaville to Vatomandry area, Betampona RNI, Zahamena RNI, and the area around Lac Alaotra (Fig. 1). It can be recognized by its large, subcoriaceous leaves with the venation distinctly raised on the lower surface, and its comparatively large flowers with sepals 15 - 19 mm long. With the exception of a recent collection from Zahamena RNI made in 1994, E. humblotiana has not been recorded from elsewhere in its range since 1957.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE75FFD7FFD3FF58FDCBFBE3.taxon	vernacular_names	VERNACULAR NAMES. — Amaninombilahy, Hamaninaombilahy, Fotona.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE75FFD7FFD3FF58FDCBFBE3.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Cours 1185, Sahalampy, 2447, Ampitanonoka; Homolle 2447, Ampitanonoka; Humblot 245, Manahar; Perrier de la Bâthie 14156, Vatomandry, 14739, Andriantantely; Randrianjanaka & Zafy 242, Zahamena RNI; Réserves Naturelles 2225, 9133, Betampona RNI; Service Forestier 10034, 16882, Andriantantely, 18091, Betampona RNI.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE75FFD6FFD3FB35FF60FE9D.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Perrier de la Bâthie 3015, Madagascar, Prov. Fianarantsoa, dunes littorales du bas Faraony (SE), [21 ° 47 ’ S, 48 ° 10 ’ E], Oct. 1911 (holo-, P!; iso-, P!).	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE75FFD6FFD3FB35FF60FE9D.taxon	description	Eremolaena rotundifolia is restricted to littoral forests on sand from Masoala PN to the Ft. Dauphin area (Fig. 1). It can be distinguished by its small, chartaceous leaves with the venation weakly raised on the lower surface, and its small flowers with the sepals 9 - 12 mm long. This species had been collected recently at Masoala PN and in the Ft. Dauphin area, but has not been recorded from elsewhere for over 30 years.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE75FFD6FFD3FB35FF60FE9D.taxon	vernacular_names	VERNACULAR NAMES. — Amaninombilahy fotsy, Anjananjana, Fotona, Fotonala, Fotonalahy, Menahy lahy, Takodizahana lahy, Voantalanina.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE75FFD6FFD3FB35FF60FE9D.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Baron 6101, without precise locality; Bernard 254, 294, Masoala PN; D’Arcy 15391, 15405, Fort Dauphin; Dorr 4050, Fort Dauphin; Geay 7533, 8113, 8114, Mananjary; Guillaumet 2534 bis, Soanierana-Ivongo; Louvel 66, without precise locality; Perrier de la Bâthie 3015, Faraony, 18119 Mahanoro; Rabevohitra 1942, Ste. Luce; Rakotozafy 599, Mahanoro, 2054, Mandena STF; Réserves Naturelles 9536, Masoala PN; Service Forestier 2114, Faraony, 2854, 3362, Mandena STF, 4586, Mahanoro, 4907, Ambilabe, 7256, Ambila-Lemaitso STF, 7493, Lanihiry, 9169, Tenina, 9192, Tampolo STF, 9696, Ste. Luce, 11763, Ambinanibe, 11786, Bemangidy, 13095, 13325, Tampolo STF, 14662, Faraony, 16893, Tampolo STF, 19623, Miakara, 27750, Ambalabe, 28653, Ste. Luce, 28868, Ambohidena.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE74FFD6FFD0FE33FB2EFA5F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE. — Pentachlaena latifolia H. Perrier.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE74FFD6FFD0FE33FB2EFA5F.taxon	description	The genus Pentachlaena was originally described with a single species (P. latifolia), which is restricted to the Col des Tapias, the Ibity massif, and the area immediately to the south. CAPURON (1970) mentioned a second member of the genus growing at low elevations in the east, which he later described (CAPURON 1973) as P. orientalis. Here we describe a third species, known only from the type collection in flower, made at Betampona RNI over 40 years ago, but which could very well still occur in the wild, considering how many other rare species characteristic of low elevation humid evergreen forest have been rediscovered there within the last several years. Pentachlaena can be distinguished from its presumed relatives by its dehiscent, 5 - locular fruit with a particularly thick, almost woody exocarp, in which each locule contains 4 - 6 seeds.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE74FFD4FFD0FA48FB1DFA65.taxon	diagnosis	Arbor, altitudine ignota. Folia petiolo 0.8 - 1.2 cm longo; lamina obovata, coriacea, 4 - 5 × ca. 3 cm, apice emarginata, margine integra, basi truncata, nervis secundariis 5 - vel 6 - jugatis. Inflorescentia terminalis, ramosa, ex floribus ca. 10 constans; axe primario 4 - 5 cm longo, parce stellato-strigoso; pedunculis 5 - 6 mm longis, dense stellato-strigosis; bracteis 4 - 5 × ca. 1 mm, anguste oblongis; involucro sub anthesi leviter undulato, margine dentato, 3 - 4 mm in diam., dense papilloso-strigoso, flores duos sessiles quemque ca. 3 cm in diam. includente. Flos sepalis 5 imbricatis coriaceis, leviter laciniatis, ca. 1 × 1 cm; petalis 5 obovatis, glabris, ca. 1.5 × 0.8 - 1 cm, apice rotundatis leviter emarginatis, basi breviter unguiculatis; staminibus 150 ad 200 vel plus; ovario 5 - loculari subgloboso in alabastro elobato, sub anthesi lobulos celeriter evolvente, dense stellato-strigoso, ca. 3.5 × 1.5 mm; stylo ca. 3 mm longo, ca. 0.5 mm in diam., basi stellato-strigoso. Fructus ignotus.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE74FFD4FFD0FA48FB1DFA65.taxon	materials_examined	TYPUS. — Réserves Naturelles (Razanaparany) 9158, Madagascar, Prov. Toamasina, Betampona RNI, [17 ° 55 ’ S, 49 ° 13 ’ E], 12 Nov. 1957, fl. (holo-, P!; iso-, TEF).	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE74FFD4FFD0FA48FB1DFA65.taxon	description	Trees (height unknown). Twigs covered with stellate indumentum. Leaves obovate, brown above, greenish-brown below (in dry material), coriaceous, 4 - 5 × 3 cm, with scattered papillate stellate indumentum with curly branches on abaxial surface, later becoming glabrous to subglabrous, apex emarginate, margin entire, base truncate, venation brochidodromous, with 5 - 6 pairs of secondary veins, midrib weakly channeled above, raised below; petiole 0.8 - 1.2 cm long, with sparse stellate indumentum, adaxially canaliculate; stipules unknown, caducous, scars inconspicuous. Inflorescences terminal, branched, with ca. 10 flowers, primary axes 4 - 5 cm long, sparsely stellate-strigose, peduncles 5 - 6 mm long, densely stellate-strigose; bracts 4 - 5 × 1 mm, narrowly oblong; involucre in flower weakly undulate, margin toothed, 3 - 4 mm in diam., densely papillate strigose, enclosing 2 sessile flowers each ca. 3 cm in diam.; sepals 5, imbricate, coriaceous, margin slightly laciniate, ca. 1 × 1 cm, glabrous and papyraceous where covered by adjacent sepals, densely stellate strigose where exposed; petals 5, contorted in opposite direction from sepals, obovate, glabrous, 1.5 × 0.8 - 1 cm, apex rounded, slightly notched, claw short; extrastaminal disc 1 mm high, with an irregular margin; stamens ca. 150 - 200 or more, filaments ca. 5 mm long, anthers 1 × 1 mm, basifixed; ovary subglobose, not lobed in bud, but becoming so at anthesis, densely stellate-strigose, 3.5 × 1.5 mm, locules 5, number of ovules unknown; style 3 mm long, 0.5 mm in diam., stellate-strigose at base, stigma crateriform with a distinctly undulate margin. Fruits unknown. — Fig. 2. This species, known only by the type specimen collected at Betampona RNI (Fig. 3), is easily distinguished by its comparatively small, obovate leaves and branched, 10 - flowered inflorescence. It also differs from the other humid forest member of the genus, P. orientalis, by its smaller flowers and entire rather than distinctly laciniate bracts.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE74FFD4FFD0FA48FB1DFA65.taxon	vernacular_names	VERNACULAR NAME. — Amaninombilahy.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE76FFDBFD04FA63FE89FCF4.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Perrier de la Bâthie 13096, Madagascar, Prov. Antananarivo, rocailles, quartzite, Mt. Ibity, 1500 m, [20 ° 07 ’ S, 47 ° 01 ’ E], Apr. 1920 (holo-, P!; iso-, K!, MO!, P!).	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE76FFDBFD04FA63FE89FCF4.taxon	description	Pentachlaena latifolia is restricted to quartzite substrates in the Ibity and Analabe massifs (Fig. 3), forming shrubs to small trees (5 - 6 m tall) that can be distinguished by their broadly elliptic to orbicular leaves, and flowers that are subsessile or borne on short peduncles less than 8 mm long, and subtended by short, entire to slightly dentate bracts. This species appears to be able to tolerate fires by forming new shoots from the base after burning. Pentachlaena latifolia has been collected recently at Ibity, but has never been recorded in any of Madagascar’s protected areas.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE76FFDBFD04FA63FE89FCF4.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Bernardi 11591, Col des Tapias; Dorr 4524, Ibity; Lowry & Schatz 4818, Ibity; Morat 3194, Ibity; Perrier de la Bâthie 1998, Ibity, 2112, Bois des Tapias, 13096, 17903, 18499, Ibity; Rakotozafy 435, Ibity; Service Forestier 22668, Ambohimanjaka-Fierenantsoa, 23490, Analabe-Ampandrianambilapa, 27393, Analabe; Viguier 1496, Ambohiponana.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE79FFDBFFD3FCF3FC3AFE1E.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Service Forestier (Capuron) 8628, Madagascar, Prov. Toamasina, forêt sublittorale sur sable, à Tampolo [STF], au N de Fénérive, [17 ° 17 ’ S, 49 ° 23 ’ E], Nov. 1953 (holo-, P!; iso-, G!, K!, MO!, P [3 sheets]!, TEF).	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE79FFDBFFD3FCF3FC3AFE1E.taxon	description	Pentachlaena orientalis occurs in humid forest on sand and laterite, and is known only from Tampolo STF, Analalava W of Foulpointe, and Betampona RNI (Fig. 3). This large tree can reach 25 - 30 m in height and 80 - 90 cm dbh (CAPURON 1973), and is easily recognized by its large, elliptic and strongly discolorous leaves, and flowers that are borne on peduncles at least 15 mm long and subtended by distinctly laciniate bracts. Pentachlaena orientalis is known from only seven collections, the most recent of which was made in 1963.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE79FFDBFFD3FCF3FC3AFE1E.taxon	vernacular_names	VERNACULAR NAMES. — Ampody, Tainenaka.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE79FFDBFFD3FCF3FC3AFE1E.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Réserves Naturelles 5917, Betampona RNI; Service Forestier 8628, 12580, Tampolo STF, 19920, Antsaravy, 22108, Mangalimaso, 22778, Analalava.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE79FFDAFD04FD97FB2DFA5B.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE. — Perrierodendron boinense (H. Perrier) Cavaco.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE79FFDAFD04FD97FB2DFA5B.taxon	description	C AVACO (1951) described Perrierodendron based on a species originally assigned to Eremolaena by PERRIER DE LA BÂTHIE (1925), but which was clearly distinct from that genus on the basis of several features, especially the presence of an indehiscent, 2 - locular fruit subtended by an accrescent, entire involucre. CAPURON (1970) mentioned two additional species, but declined to describe them for lack of sufficient material. J. - F. LEROY began preparing a manuscript describing these and two additional new species shortly after CAPURON’ s death in 1971, but it remained unpublished at the time he passed away in early 1999. A careful re-evaluation of his work and comparison of the material of Perrierodendron now available shows that five well delimited species can indeed be recognized, four of which are newly described here. Two of these taxa are represented by several collections in flower and fruit, and although the other two are known from very limited material, they appear to be amply distinct to justify describing them at this time.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE78FFD9FFD0FA40FB28FEC0.taxon	materials_examined	— Lectotype (here designated): Perrier de la Bâthie 3031, Madagascar, Prov. Mahajanga, Bongolava, [15 ° 46 ’ S, 47 ° 23 ’ E], Nov. 1906 (P!; isolecto-, K!, P!, TAN).	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE78FFD9FFD0FA40FB28FEC0.taxon	description	Perrierodendron boinense is distributed in dry, deciduous forest from Analalava to Bongolava and Ankarafantsika RNI (Fig. 4), apparently on sandy substrates. It resembles and is probably closely related to P. occidentalis. Diagnostic characters include its distinctly ribbed fruit with a blunt protuberance at the apex and a thick, almost bony endocarp, and sepals that are ca. 8 - 9 mm long and petals ca. (10 -) 11 - 13 mm long. Perrierodendron boinense, known from ten gatherings, has been collected several times within the last decade, including twice at Ankarafantsika RNI. PERRIER DE LA BÂTHIE (1925) cited two of his own collections when he described Eremolaena boinensis, one of which (3031) has immature fruits and is here selected as the lectotype; the other material (1644) is assigned to Perrierodendron occidentalis.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE78FFD9FFD0FA40FB28FEC0.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Perrier de la Bâthie 3031, Bongolava; Réserves Naturelles 1055, 4741, Ankarafantsika RNI; Service Forestier 3 - R- 215, Ampijoroa STF, 67, without precise locality, 18794, Ambarijeby Atsimo, 19251, Betaramahamay, 34400, Ampijoroa STF, 34759, 34825, Ankarafantsika RNI.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE7BFFDFFD04FECCFCB7FD58.taxon	diagnosis	Arbor ca. 20 m alta. Folia petiolo 0.7 - 1. cm longo, parce stellato-pubescente; lamina obovata, chartacea subcoriaceave, (2.5 -) 5 - 9 × (2.5 -) 4 - 6.5 cm, utrinque indumento stellato praesertim secus nervos primarios secundariosque parce induta, apice rotundata vel leviter emarginata, margine irregulariter subundulata, basi truncata subcordatave, nervis secundariis 7 - ad 9 - jugatis. Inflorescentia axillaris ex floribus 1 ad 7 constans, interdum in axilla inter ramulum et axin florem solitarium gerens; axe primario 1 - 5 cm longo, parce stellato-strigoso; pedunculis 1 - 3 mm longis, indumento stellato dense obtectis; involucro sub anthesi undulato, 1.5 - 2. mm in diam., dense papilloso-strigoso, flores sessiles unum duosve quemque ca. 2.5 cm in diam. includente. Flos sepalis 5, imbricatis, coriaceis, integris, asymmetricis, duobus externis ca. 1.5 × 1.5 mm, tribus internis ca. 8 × 6 - 9 mm; petalis 5, obovatis, ca. 15 × 8 mm, ut videtur glabris sed sub lente utrinque trichomatibus papillosis dispersis indutis visis, apice rotundatis emarginatis; staminibus 45 ad 50; ovario imperfecte biloculari in quoque loculo ovula duo gerente, breviter conico, a basi usque ad styli basin dense piloso, ca. 2 × 3 mm; stylo glabro, ca. 5 mm longo, ca. 1 mm in diam. Fructus obovoideus, apicem rotundatum versus leviter bilobus, 0.8 - 1.3 × 0.8 - 1.2 × 0.7 - 1 cm, laevis (eporcatus); exocarpio tenui dense breviter stellatostrigoso; involucro sub fructu reflexo, maturitate 0.6 - 1 cm in diam., irregulariter undulato; seminibus in quoque loculo uno duobusve.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE7BFFDFFD04FECCFCB7FD58.taxon	materials_examined	TYPUS. — Service Forestier 9279, Madagascar, Prov. Antsiranana, Amponaomby, Andapa, [14 ° 48 ’ S, 49 ° 33 ’ E], 3 Dec. 1953, fl. (holo-, P!; iso-, P!, TEF).	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE7BFFDFFD04FECCFCB7FD58.taxon	description	Trees 20 meters tall, bole to 8 m, bark with slight cracks. Young twigs with dense stellate indumentum toward apex. Leaves obovate, brown above, greenish-brown below (in dry material), chartaceous to subcoriaceous, (2.5 -) 5 - 9 × (2.5 -) 4 - 6.5 cm, with sparse stellate indumentum mostly on the primary and secondary veins of both surfaces, apex rounded to slightly emarginate, margin irregularly and weakly undulate, base truncate to subcordate, venation brochidodromous, with 7 - 9 pairs of alternate to subopposite secondary veins, midrib weakly channeled above, raised below; petiole 0.7 - 1 cm long, sparsely stellate, adaxially canaliculate; stipules unknown, caducous, scars inconspicuous. Inflorescences axillary, with 1 - 7 flowers, primary axis 1 - 5 cm long, sparsely stellate-strigose, sometimes also with a single axillary flower borne between the stem and the inflorescence axis; bracts not seen; peduncles 1 - 3 mm long, densely covered with stellate indumentum, involucre in flower undulate, 1.5 - 2 mm in diam., densely papillate-strigose, containing 1 or 2 sessile flowers each ca. 2.5 cm in diam.; sepals 5, imbricate, coriaceous, entire, asymmetrical, the 2 small external ones 1.5 × 1.5 mm, deltoid, the 3 internal ones 8 × 6 - 9 mm, glabrous and papyraceous where covered by the adjacent sepal, densely stellate-strigose below where exposed; petals 5, contorted in opposite direction from sepals, obovate, 15 × 8 mm, appearing glabrous but with scattered papillose hairs on both surfaces, apex rounded, notched; extrastaminal disc cupuliform, 1 mm high, with an irregular margin; stamens ca. 45 - 50, not persistent in fruit, filaments ca. 1 cm long, glabrous, anthers 1 × 1 mm, basifixed; ovary shortly conical, densely pilose (glabrous at the base of the style), 2 × 3 mm, with 2 incomplete locules each containing 2 ovules; style glabrous, ca. 5 mm long, 1 mm in diam., stigma 1 - 1.5 mm long, crateriform, margin distinctly undulate. Fruits obovoid, weakly bi-lobed toward the rounded apex, 0.8 - 1.3 × 0.8 - 1.2 × 0.7 - 1 cm, smooth (without ridges), exocarp thin, densely short stellate-strigose, endocarp thin, involucre reflexed, 0.6 - 1 cm in diam. at maturity, irregularly undulate; seeds 1 - 2 per locule, spherical to hemispherical (depending on the number), 5 - 6 mm long, brown, endosperm lacking, cotyledons contorted, radicle included, ca. 5 mm long. — Fig. 5. Perrierodendron capuronii is known from only three collections, the type gathering, which is in flower, and two paratypes, one with numerous fruits and only a few partially damaged, detached leaves, and another from the same area with a few very young fruits and numerous well preserved leaves that closely match those of the holotype. We associate the holotype with the other collections based primarily on similarities in their inflorescence structure and leaf color, texture and venation, as well as the fact that the blade is distinctly shiny on its adaxial surface. The sites at which the paratype collections were made near Moramanga are over 400 km to the SSW of the type locality (Fig. 4), and may be situated closer to sea level. However, until additional material at other stages of development becomes available from either or both areas, it seems best to treat them as belonging to a single species. Perrierodendron capuronii can be distinguished from other members of the genus by its leaves with a shiny adaxial surface, its obovoid and weakly bi-lobed, 2 - seeded fruit covered with very short stellate indumentum, and its reflexed involucre with an undulate margin.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE7BFFDFFD04FECCFCB7FD58.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet honors the renowned forest botanist René CAPURON, who contributed so much to our understanding of the Malagasy flora, and who took a special interest in the taxonomy and morphology of the island’s endemic plant families.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE7BFFDFFD04FECCFCB7FD58.taxon	vernacular_names	VERNACULAR NAMES. — Ampaliala, Tanantanampotsy.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE7BFFDFFD04FECCFCB7FD58.taxon	materials_examined	PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR, Prov. Toamasina: SF 25523, Anosibe an’Ala, Ambatoafo, Fiadanana, [19 ° 32 ’ S, 48 ° 30 ’ E], 18 Feb. 1965, ster. (K, MO, P, TEF); SF 26658, Moramanga, Toby-Andasimanara, [19 ° 04 ’ S, 48 ° 14 ’ E], 900 m, 6 Feb. 1968, fr. (P [2 sheets], TEF).	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE7DFFDDFD04FD41FC77FA5B.taxon	diagnosis	Arbor 3 - 20 m alta. Folia petiolo (0.3 -) 0.5 - 1 (- 1.5) longo, indumento stellato obtecto; lamina obovata usque elliptica, chartacea, 3 - 6.5 (- 8) × 2 - 5 cm, utrinque indumento stellato parce induta, apice truncata retusa obtusave, margine integra vel irregulariter subundulata, basi truncata obtusa emarginatave, nervis secundariis 5 - ad 10 - jugatis. Inflorescentia axillaris ex floribus 1 ad 5 constans, aliquando in axilla inter ramulum et axin florem solitarium gerens; axe primario 0.5 - 2 cm longo, parce stellato-strigoso; pedunculis 1 - 5 mm longis, indumento stellato dense obtectis; involucro sub anthesi ca. 2 mm in diam., dense papilloso-strigoso, florem sessilem solitarium ca. 2.5 cm in diam. includente. Flos sepalis 5, imbricatis, coriaceis, asymmetricis, duobus externis ca. 3 × 1 mm, tribus internis 5 - 6 × ca. 4 mm; petalis 5, obovatis, 8 - 9 (- 10) × ca. 6 mm, glabris, apice rotundatis emarginatis, basi breviter unguiculatis; staminibus 50 ad 55 in fructu persistentibus; ovario imperfecte biloculari in quoque loculo ovula duo gerente, breviter conico, a basi usque ad styli basin dense piloso, ca. 3.5 × 3 mm; stylo glabro, ca. 3.5 mm longo, ca. 1 mm in diam. Fructus late obovoideus, apice in rostrum brevem conicum productus, 1.2 - 1.5 × 0.7 - 0.9 cm, exocarpio tenui, crustaceo, utrinque laevi (eporcato), trichomatibus stellato-strigosis ramulos 1 - 2 mm longos gerentibus vestito; involucro maturitate ca. 0.7 cm in diam. cum staminium reliquiis persistentibus cupulam sub fructu formante; seminibus in quoque fructu uno duobusve.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE7DFFDDFD04FD41FC77FA5B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPUS. — Service Forestier (Capuron) 20603, Madagascar, Prov. Toliara, forêt d’Analamarina (Hazoroa) au sud-est de Sakaraha, [23 ° 00 ’ S, 44 ° 33 ’ E], 500 - 600 m, 28 Dec. 1961, fr. (holo-, P!; iso-, P!, TEF).	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE7DFFDDFD04FD41FC77FA5B.taxon	description	Trees 3 - 20 m tall. Young twigs with stellate indumentum. Leaves obovate to elliptical, dull brown above, dull green below (in dry material), chartaceous, 3 - 6.5 (- 8) × 2 - 5 cm, with scattered stellate indumentum on both surfaces, apex truncate or retuse to obtuse, margin subentire, slightly undulate, base truncate to obtuse or emarginate, venation brochidodromous, with ca. 5 - 10 pairs of alternate to subopposite secondary veins, midrib weakly channeled above, raised below; petiole (0.3 -) 0.5 - 1 (- 1.5) long, adaxially canaliculate, covered with stellate indumentum; stipules linear, caducous, 1.5 - 2 mm long. Inflorescences axillary, with 1 - 5 flowers, primary axis 0.5 - 2 cm long, sparsely stellate-strigose, occasionally with an axillary flower borne between the stem and the inflorescence axis; peduncles 1 - 5 mm long, densely covered with stellate indumentum; bracts minute (?), caducous; involucre in flower ca. 2 mm in diam., densely papillate-strigose, containing a single sessile flower ca. 2.5 cm in diam.; sepals 5, imbricate, coriaceous, asymmetrical, the 2 small external ones 3 × 1 mm, narrowly triangular, the 3 larger internal ones ca. 5 - 6 × 4 mm, glabrous and papyraceous where covered by the adjacent sepals, densely stellate strigose below where exposed; petals 5, contorted in opposite direction from sepals, obovate, ca. 8 - 9 (- 10) × 6 mm, glabrous, apex rounded, notched, claw short; disc cupuliform, 0.5 mm high, margin entire; stamens ca. 50 - 55, persistent in fruit, filament 5 mm long, anthers 1 × 1 mm, basifixed; ovary shortly conical, densely pilose (glabrous at the base of the style), 3.5 × 3 mm, with 2 incomplete locules each containing 2 ovules; style glabrous, 3.5 mm long, 1 mm in diam., stigma 1 mm long, crateriform, margin distinctly undulate. Fruits broadly obovoid, 1.2 - 1.5 × 0.7 - 0.9 cm, apex extended into a short conical rostrum, exocarp thin, crustaceous, smooth on outer and inner surfaces, without ridges, branches of stellate-strigose indumentum 1 - 2 mm long, transparent yellow with a reddish core, endocarp thin, crustaceous; involucre forming a cup with persistent remains of the stamens, 0.7 cm in diam. at maturity; seeds 1 - 2 per fruit, spherical or hemispherical, 6 - 9 mm in diam., brown, cotyledons very contorted, radicle included, 3 - 4 mm long. — Fig. 6. Perrierodendron occidentalis is widely distributed in western Madagascar, extending from Isalo PN to Ambalabe and Analamary in the S, with an outlying population at Manongarivo SSE of Soalala in the NW (Fig. 4). It occurs on sandy substrates in seasonally dry, deciduous forests. With the exception of one collection made in 1973 and another last year, P. occidentalis has not been recorded since the early 1960 s. This species closely resembles P. boinense, but can be distinguished from it by having smooth (unribbed) fruit with the apex extended into a short, conic rostrum, a thin, crustaceous endocarp, and sepals ca. 5 - 6 mm long and petals ca. 8 - 9 (- 10) mm long.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE7DFFDDFD04FD41FC77FA5B.taxon	vernacular_names	VERNACULAR NAMES. — Fotona, Nato, Tsiandala, Tsitaka.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE7DFFDDFD04FD41FC77FA5B.taxon	materials_examined	PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR, Prov. Fianarantsoa: Cremers 3584, Ambasy, ouest Ambalavao, [21 ° 28 ’ S, 46 ° 12 ’ E], 900 - 1000 m, 9 Dec. 1974, fl. (P [2 sheets], TAN); Decary 16384, Isalo PN, [22 ° 08 ’ - 22 ° 40 ’ S, 45 ° 10 ’ - 45 ° 24 ’ E], 2 Nov. 1940, fl. (P); Humbert 19511, Isalo PN, sud de Sahanafa, [22 ° 20 ’ S, 45 ° 18 ’ E], 1000 m, 28 Nov. - 4 Dec. 1946, fl. (P [2 sheets]); SF 4 - R- 258, Lalanandro, [22 ° 18 ’ S, 46 ° 06 ’ E], 29 Jan. 1925, ster. (P); SF 59 - R- 141, Ambondrona, [21 ° 54 ’ S, 46 ° 52 ’ E], 9 June 1954, ster. (P); SF 74 - R- 47, Lalanandro, [22 ° 18 ’ S, 46 ° 06 ’ E], 1 June 1952, ster. (P); SF 239 - R- 239, Isalo PN, [22 ° 08 ’ - 22 ° 40 ’ S, 45 ° 10 ’ - 45 ° 24 ’ E], 23 July 1955, ster. (P); SF 13761, Massif d’Ingaro, Ambalavao, [21 ° 36 ’ S, 46 ° 22 ’ E], 13 Feb. 1955, fr. (P, TEF), SF 13878, Isalo PN, [22 ° 11 ’ - 22 ° 43 ’ S, 45 ° 10 ’ - 45 ° 21 ’ E], 22 Jul. 1955, ster. (P, TEF). Prov. Mahajanga: Perrier de la Bâthie 1644, Manongarivo (Ambongo), [16 ° 16 ’ S, 45 ° 22 ’ E], Nov. 1903, fl. (P). Prov. Toliara: Humbert 19395, bassin de la Malio (affluent de Mangoky), près d’Ambalabe, [21 ° 58 ’ S, 45 ° 15 ’ E], 400 - 450 m, 23 - 27 Nov. 1946, fl. (P [2 sheets]); Randrianaivo et al. 315, Zombitse PN, 12 km E of Sakaraha, 1 km N of Andranomaitso, 23 ° 53 ’ 07 ” S, 44 ° 38 ’ 42 ” E, 600 - 800 m, 4 Feb. 1999, fr. (G, K, MO, P, TAN); SF 5 - R- 350, Sakaraha STF, [22 ° 53 ’ S, 44 ° 32 ’ E], 24 Feb. 1956, ster. (P); SF (Capuron) 20599, Analamary, forêt d’Analamarina (Hazoroa), au sud-est de Sakaraha, [23 ° 00 ’ S, 44 ° 33 ’ E], 28 Dec. 1961, bud (P).	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE7FFFC2FD04FA40FBB4FDC0.taxon	diagnosis	Frutex arbusculave 3 - 6 m alta. Folia petiolo 0.2 - 0.5 cm longo, indumento fusco stellato-strigoso dense obtecto; lamina obovata usque elliptica, chartacea subcoriaceave, 2.5 - 4 (- 5) × 2 - 3.5 (- 4) cm, utrinque indumento fusco stellato dense induta, apice rotundata vel leviter emarginata, mucronata, margine integra, basi truncata usque obtusa, nervis secundariis 7 - ad 10 - (ad 13 -) jugatis. Inflorescentia axillaris, contracta, plerumque ex floribus 1 ad 3 constans; axe primario 3 - 6 cm longo, dense stellatostrigoso; pedunculis longitudine 1 mm non attingentibus, dense papilloso-strigosis; involucro sub anthesi perparvo vel absente, si adest flores sessiles quemque ca. 3.5 cm in diam. includente. Flos sepalis 5, imbricatis, coriaceis, integris, asymmetricis, duobus externis 2 - 3 × ca. 1 mm, tribus internis 10 - 11 × 5 - 6 mm, unoquoque in partibus sepalo vicino tectis glabro papyraceoque, in partibus expositis dense stellato-strigoso; petalis 5, obovatis, 15 - 17 × ca. 14 mm, glabris, apice rotundatis emarginatis, mucronatis; staminibus ca. 20, caducis; ovario imperfecte biloculari in quoque loculo ovula duo gerente, conico, a basi usque ad styli basin dense piloso, ca. 3 × 3 mm; stylo glabro, ca. 2 mm longo, ca. 1 mm in diam. Fructus conicus, apice acutus, 1.9 - 2.5 × 0.9 - 1.1 cm, indumento papilloso stellato dense obtecto; endocarpio crustaceo; involucro in fructu parvo vel absente; semine in quoque fructu uno (vel rare seminibus duobus).	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE7FFFC2FD04FA40FBB4FDC0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPUS. — Labat, Haevermans, Rabenantoandro & Cook 3035, Madagascar, Prov. Fianarantsoa, Ambatofinandrahana, Itremo, forêt claire sclerophylle à Perrierodendron et Leptolaena sur sol sableux sur schiste, 20 ° 35 ’ 31 ” S, 46 ° 35 ’ 43 ” E, 1560 m, 26 Mar. 1999, fl., fr. (holo-, P!; iso-, G!, K!, MO!, P [2 sheets]!, TAN!).	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE7FFFC2FD04FA40FBB4FDC0.taxon	description	Shrubs to small trees 3 - 6 m. Twigs with stellate indumentum, internodes 1.5 - 3 (- 4) mm long, giving the stems an evident “ zigzag ” appearance. Leaves elliptical to obovate, dark green above, pale green below (in dry material), chartaceous to subcoriaceous, 2.5 - 4 (- 5) × 2 - 3.5 (- 4) cm, with dense stellate brown indumentum on both surfaces, apex rounded to slightly emarginate, mucronate, margin entire, base truncate to obtuse, venation eucamptodromous, with 7 - 10 (- 13) pairs of alternate to subopposite secondary veins, midrib and secondary veins weakly channeled above, raised below; petiole 0.2 - 0.5 cm long, densely brown stellate-strigose, adaxially canaliculate; stipules not seen. Inflorescences axillary, contracted, generally with 1 - 3 flowers, primary axis 3 - 6 cm long, densely stellate-strigose; peduncles very short, less than 1 mm long, densely papillate strigose; involucre in flower very small to absent, containing 2 sessile flowers each ca. 3.5 cm in diam.; sepals 5, imbricate, coriaceous, entire, asymmetrical, the 2 small external ones, 2 - 3 × 1 mm, narrowly triangular, the 3 internal ones 10 - 11 × 5 - 6 mm, glabrous and papyraceous where covered by the adjacent sepal, densely stellate strigose where exposed; petals 5, contorted in opposite direction from sepals, obovate, 15 - 17 × 14 mm, glabrous, apex rounded, notched, mucronate, claw short; extrastaminal disc cupuliform, 1 mm high; stamens ca. 20, not persistent in fruit, filaments 4 - 5 mm long, anthers 1 × 1 mm, basifixed; ovary conical, densely pilose (glabrous from the base of the style), 3 × 3 mm, with two incomplete locules each containing 2 ovules; style ca. 2 mm long, 1 mm in diam., forming an extension of the conical ovary, stigma 1 mm long, crateriform, margin distinctly undulate. Fruits conical, apex acute, 1.9 - 2.5 × 0.9 - 1.1 cm, with dense papillate stellate indumentum; endocarp crustaceous, involucre small to absent; seeds 1 (- 2), spherical to hemispherical, ca. 0.8 cm in diam., light brown (in spirit material), aborted ovules 3, persistent, embryos 1 - 2 per seed, cotyledons very contorted, radicle included, 1 mm long. — Figs. 7, 8. Perrierodendron quartzitorum is restricted to the Itremo massif (Fig. 4), where it has been collected several times recently. This species is easily recognized by the dense, stellate indumentum that covers the abaxial surface of its leaves, its short internodes that give an evident “ zig-zag ” appearance to the stems, and its fruit whose apex tapers into a prominent rostrum about half the length of the fruit body.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE7FFFC2FD04FA40FBB4FDC0.taxon	vernacular_names	VERNACULAR NAMES. — Kitoto, Kitotovavy.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE7FFFC2FD04FA40FBB4FDC0.taxon	materials_examined	PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR, Prov. Fianarantsoa: Du Puy, Labat & Andriantiana M 636, W of Ambositra, Itremo, 20 ° 35 ’ 28 ” S, 46 ° 35 ’ 40 ” E, 1500 m, 21 Nov. 1993, fl. (K, MO, P, TAN, TEF); Humbert 30023, montagnes à l’Ouest d’Itremo, [20 ° 28 ’ - 20 ° 49 ’ S, 46 ° 26 ’ - 46 ° 41 ’ E], 1500 - 1700 m, 17 - 22 Jan. & 18 - 22 Apr. 1955, fl. (P); Service Forestier (Capuron) 11567, Monts Ambatomenaloha, ouest d’Itremo, audessus d’Antanimena, [20 ° 32 ’ S, 46 ° 33 ’ E], 20 Jan. 1955, y. fr. (K, MO, P [2 sheets], TEF), SF (Capuron) 28902, environs du col de l’Itremo, ouest d’Ambatofinandrahana, [20 ° 35 ’ S, 46 ° 35 ’ E], 1600 - 1700 m, 27 Nov. 1969, fl. (P, TEF), SF (Capuron) 29045, montée du col de l’Itremo, Ambatofinandrahana, rive droite de l’Ambatorangotana, [20 ° 35 ’ S, 46 ° 35 ’ E], 1650 - 1700 m, 21 Feb. 1970, fr. (B, BR, G, K, MO, P [2 sheets], WAG).	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE60FFC0FD04FDCDFEE6FAEA.taxon	diagnosis	Arbor 10 - 12 m alta, usque ad 50 cm in diam. Folia petiolo 0.5 - 0.8 (- 1) cm longo, indumento stellato parce induto; lamina obovata, chartacea subcoriaceave, (2.6 -) 3.2 - 4 (– 5.3) × 2.9 - 3.1 (- 5) cm, utrinque pubescentia stellata parce induta, apice obtusa rotundatave, margine integra vel subundulata, basi emarginata, nervis secundariis 6 - ad 10 - jugatis. Inflorescentia axillaris ex flore solitario pedunculo eramoso (0.5 -) 0.9 - 1.4 cm longo bracteola 2 - 3 mm longa in ramulo nudo 0.5 - 1.7 cm longo portata subtento insidente constans; involucro sub anthesi undulato, 4 - 5 mm in diam., dense papillosostrigoso, florem solitarium ca. 2 cm in diam. includente. Flos sepalis 5, imbricatis, coriaceis, asymmetricis, ovatis usque suborbiculatis, duobus externis ca. 2 × 5 mm, tribus internis 10 - 12 × 8 - 10 mm; petalis 5, obovatis, 10 - 11 × 8 - 10 mm, glabris, albidis, apice obtusis; staminibus 80 ad 85, caducis; ovario imperfecte biloculari in quoque loculo ovula duo vel tria gerente, subcylindrico, apice acuto, a basi usque ad styli basin dense piloso, ca. 2 × 3 mm; stylo glabro, ca. 2 mm longo. Fructus ignotus.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE60FFC0FD04FDCDFEE6FAEA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPUS. — Service Forestier (Capuron) 23095, Madagascar, Prov. Antsiranana, forêt d’Analafondro, sur sables, au pied sud-est du plateau Sahafary (bassin inférieur du Rodo), [12 ° 37 ’ S, 49 ° 29 ’ E], 27 Dec. 1963, fl. (holo-, P!; iso-, K!, MO!, P!).	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
686E87A5BE60FFC0FD04FDCDFEE6FAEA.taxon	description	Trees 10 - 12 m high, to 50 cm dbh. Young twigs with very dense stellate indumentum. Leaves obovate, dark brown above, light brown below (in dry material), chartaceous to subcoriaceous, (2.6 -) 3.2 - 4 (- 5.3) × 2.9 - 3.1 (- 5) cm, with sparse stellate pubescence on both surfaces, apex obtuse to rounded, margins entire, slightly undulate, base emarginate, venation brochidodromous, with 6 - 10 pairs of alternate to subopposite secondary veins, midrib weakly channeled above, raised below; petiole 0.5 - 0.8 (- 1) cm long, with sparse stellate indumentum, adaxially canaliculate; stipules unknown, caducous, scars inconspicuous. Inflorescences axillary, flowers borne singly at the apex of an unbranched peduncle (0.5 -) 0.9 - 1.4 cm long, with a slightly swollen base, subtended by a highly reduced leaf (bracteole) 2 - 3 mm long borne on a naked branchlet 0.5 - 1 (- 1.7) cm long, involucre in flower undulate, 4 - 5 mm in diam., densely papillate-strigose, containing a single flower ca. 2 cm in diam.; sepals 5, imbricate, coriaceous, asymmetrical, ovate to suborbicular, the 2 small external ones 2 × 5 mm, deltoid, the 3 larger ones 10 - 12 × 8 - 10 mm, glabrous and papyraceous where covered by the adjacent sepal, densely stellate-strigose below where exposed; petals 5, contorted in opposite direction from sepals, obovate, 10 - 11 × 8 - 10 mm, glabrous, whitish, apex obtuse; extrastaminal disc cupuliform, 1 mm high, margin entire; stamens ca. 80 - 85, filaments ca. 5 mm long, anthers ca. 1 (- 1.5) × 0.5 mm, oblong, basifixed; ovary subcylindrical, densely pilose (glabrous from the base of the style), ca. 2 × 3 mm, apex truncate, with 2 incomplete locules each containing 2 - 3 ovules; style glabrous, ca. 2 mm. long, stigma 2.5 - 3 mm long, crateriform, margin distinctly undulate. Fruits unknown. — Fig. 9. This species is known only from the type material, collected in the lower Rodo (= Irodo) basin (Fig. 4). It can be recognized by having flowers that are borne individually at the apex of an unbranched peduncle (5 -) 9 × 14 mm long and subtended by a highly reduced leaf (bracteole) on a short, naked branchlet.	en	Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François, Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth (2000): Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 11-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
