taxonID	type	description	language	source
68722F5E58622E4DFC5C72D7689AFF0C.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 A – C, 2 A, B)	en	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2014): Oriental Horaeomorphus Schaufuss: a new species, synonymic notes and distributional synopsis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 83-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4504184
68722F5E58622E4DFC5C72D7689AFF0C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. Male (Fig. 1 A), three labels: “ LAOS: Champasak prov.: / Bolaven Plt. [i. e., Plateau], Muang Paxong, / Ban Hoyayteuy, Mt. Phu Din / 14 - 14. vi. 2008; 1,100 m., / N 15 ° 03.171 ' E 106 ° 17.397 ' ” [white, printed], “ A. Solodovnikov & J. / Pedersen leg. Disturbed / primary rainforest. / ZMUC collection. ” [white, printed], “ HORAEOMORPHUS / solodovnikovi m. / det. P. JAŁOSZYŃSKI, 2013 / HOLOTYPUS ” [red, printed] (ZMUC).	en	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2014): Oriental Horaeomorphus Schaufuss: a new species, synonymic notes and distributional synopsis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 83-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4504184
68722F5E58622E4DFC5C72D7689AFF0C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The following set of characters is unique for this species: body length below 3 mm, pigmentation brown, pronotum strongly elongate, with three small ante-basal pits located in deep groove; metatrochanters in males strongly modified, each forming very long, slightly recurved rod-like projection with rounded apex; and aedeagus with symmetrical internal armature containing long median tubular structure much longer than half length of median lobe. Male. Body (Fig. 1 A) moderately large (length 2.75 mm), slender, strongly convex, dark brown with slightly lighter legs and palps, vestiture slightly lighter than cuticle. Head broadest at moderately large and moderately strongly convex eyes, length 0.40 mm, width 0.60 mm; tempora rounded and about as long as eye in dorsal view; vertex strongly transverse and weakly convex, with pair of small but distinct pits located near posterior margins of supraantennal tubercles; frons weakly convex; supraantennal tubercles strongly raised, well delimited from frons but confluent with vertex. Punctures on vertex and frons fine and inconspicuous; setae moderately long, sparse, suberect to erect. Antennae slender, longer than half length of body, length 1.50 mm; relative lengths of antennomeres (shortest antennomere II as 1): 1.43: 1.00: 1.71: 1.29: 1.29: 1.14: 1.14: 1.14: 1.43: 1.43: 2.00. Pronotum oval, elongate, broadest between anterior third and fourth, length 0.85 mm, width at base 0.50 mm, maximum width 0.73 mm; distal part strongly narrowing caudad to moderately sharply marked posterior constriction demarcating narrow basal collar; hind angles obtuse and blunt; posterior margin nearly straight; posterior collar delimited from disc by deep, narrow and slightly convex anteriorly transverse groove connecting three small pits: median pit as small as width of groove and lateral pits only slightly larger. Punctures on disc as fine as those on frons and vertex; vestiture composed of sparse, moderately long and suberect setae. Elytra strongly elongate, oval, more convex than pronotum, broadest between middle and anterior third, length 1.50 mm, width 0.98 mm, elytral index 1.54. Humeral calli weakly marked, delimited from adsutural region by very short, shallow and broad basal impressions; basal elytral foveae indiscernible; median part of elytra without adsutural or circumsutural impressions; apices of elytra separately rounded. Punctures more distinct than those on pronotum, fine but sharply marked and separated by spaces 2 – 3 × as wide as puncture diameters; vestiture similar to that on pronotum but slightly longer. Metatrochanters (Fig. 1 B) strongly modified, developed as long and recurved rod-like projections nearly as long as half of metafemur. Aedeagus (Figs. 1 C, 2 A, B) 0.73 mm in length; median lobe broadest in basal third, distal part subtriangular and rounded at apex, in lateral view slightly curved dorsally; internal armature remarkable, with large and symmetrical central complex containing strongly elongate tubular structure in middle; parameres slender, each with apical bunch of several setae of various lengths, without subapical setae. Female. Unknown.	en	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2014): Oriental Horaeomorphus Schaufuss: a new species, synonymic notes and distributional synopsis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 83-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4504184
68722F5E58622E4DFC5C72D7689AFF0C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is dedicated to Alexey Solodovnikov (ZMUC), a specialist on Staphylinidae and one of collectors of the specimen fixed here as a holotype.	en	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2014): Oriental Horaeomorphus Schaufuss: a new species, synonymic notes and distributional synopsis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 83-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4504184
68722F5E58622E4DFC5C72D7689AFF0C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern Laos, Champasak Province.	en	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2014): Oriental Horaeomorphus Schaufuss: a new species, synonymic notes and distributional synopsis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 83-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4504184
68722F5E58622E4DFC5C72D7689AFF0C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Horaeomorphus solodovnikovi shares the highly modified and recurved male metatrochanters with several congeners: H. antennatus Jałoszyński, 2006 (from Malaysia: Pahang), H. caverniventris Jałoszyński, 2006 (Malaysia: Pahang), H. punctatissimus Franz, 1992 (Malaysia: Sabah; Indonesia: Sumatra, Siberut Is.), H. jeraianus Jałoszyński, 2006 (Malaysia: Kedah), H. punctifrons Jałoszyński, 2006 (Malaysia: Pahang), H. jaechi Jałoszyński, 2006 (Malaysia: Sarawak), H. tiomanensis Jałoszyński, 2006 (Malaysia: Tioman Is.), H. endauensis Jałoszyński & Nomura, 2007 (Malaysia: Pahang), H. imitator Jałoszyński, 2009 (Philippines: Mindanao), H. blattnyi Jałoszyński, 2004 (Philippines: Luzon), H. sakishimanus Jałoszyński, 2002 (Japan: Iriomote-jima and Ishigaki-jima islands), and H. calcarifer (Franz, 1986) (Fiji). None of these species has the aedeagus with a long tubular median part of the internal armature, and this character allows for an unambiguous identification of H. solodovnikovi.	en	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2014): Oriental Horaeomorphus Schaufuss: a new species, synonymic notes and distributional synopsis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 83-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4504184
68722F5E58602E4CFC85741D6EDEFEEF.taxon	description	(Fig. 1 D – G)	en	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2014): Oriental Horaeomorphus Schaufuss: a new species, synonymic notes and distributional synopsis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 83-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4504184
68722F5E58602E4CFC85741D6EDEFEEF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype (here designated). Male, drymounted beetle (Fig. 1 D) and genital preparation on microscope slide (Fig. 1 F), card-mounted specimen with five labels (Fig. 1 G): “ Wai Lima Z. Sum. / Lampongs [i. e., Lampung] No 156 / Karny. XI – XII. 1921 ” [white, printed except for handwritten number], “ Stenichnus / wailimae / J. LHOSTE det. n. sp. ” [white, handwritten and printed], “ Holotypus ” [red, printed], “ Lhoste det. ” [white, printed], “ HORAEOMORPHUS / wailimae (Lhoste, 1939) / LECTOTYPUS / det. P. JAŁOSZYŃSKI, 2013 [white, printed] (SDEI). Paralectotypes. 1 male and 1 female (Fig. 1 E), same data except for “ Paratypus ” and “ Paralectotypus ” labels (SDEI).	en	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2014): Oriental Horaeomorphus Schaufuss: a new species, synonymic notes and distributional synopsis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 83-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4504184
68722F5E58602E4CFC85741D6EDEFEEF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Lhoste (1939) did not specify the number of individuals included in the type series, therefore the three specimens preserved at SDEI have the status of syntypes. In order to ensure the stability of nomenclature and provide a unique name-bearing type for Stenichnus wailimae a lectotype is here designated. Franz (1970) redescribed and illustrated the aedeagus of Stenichnus wailimae and did not express any doubts concerning the generic placement of this species. Later Franz (1985) described Horaeomorphus heissi from Sumatra, which was redescribed by Jałoszyński (2006 a). In the latter study, which is a comprehensive revision of Horaeomorphus from Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and Brunei, the syntypes of Stenichnus wailimae were not studied, as it seemed unlikely that Franz, who himself published a number of papers on Stenichnus and Horaeomorphus, might have misidentified these genera. However, examination of the type series of Stenichnus wailimae carried out during the present study revealed that this species not only belongs to Horaeomorphus, but is also conspecific with H. heissi. Horaeomorphus wailimae (= H. heissi) can be easily identified on the basis of a hook-like projection on the ventral surface of male metafemora (Fig. 1 D, marked with an arrow), missing in females (Fig. 1 E), non-modified metatrochanters in both sexes, three ante-basal pits on the pronotum, of which the middle one is anteriorly connected to a short longitudinal groove, and a remarkable and unique aedeagus (illustrated in Jałoszyński, 2006 a, Figs. 86 – 89). The only other known species of Horaeomorphus with the hook-like metafemoral projection is H. samosirensis Jałoszyński, 2009 from the Samosir Island, North Sumatra, but it has the pronotum nearly circular and nearly as broad as elytra, and not strongly elongate and much narrower than elytra, as in H. wailimae.	en	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2014): Oriental Horaeomorphus Schaufuss: a new species, synonymic notes and distributional synopsis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 83-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4504184
68722F5E58612E4CFFA8747E6EC9F7EF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Recently Makhan & Ezzatpanah (2011) described a new species of Horaeomorphus from the island of Java, Indonesia. On the basis of errors committed in that paper it is evident that the authors have a highly fragmentary knowledge of Oriental Scydmaeninae, do not know the large literature on the subject, and did not even care to properly diagnose their new species to make it distinguishable from its congeners. Although a comprehensive revision of Horaeomorphus of the Malay sub-region has been published (Jałoszyński, 2006 a) and a number of other papers dealing with all Asian species are available (Schaufuss, 1889; Franz, 1973, 1974, 1984, 1985, 1992; Jałoszyński, 2002, 2003, 2004 a, 2009 a; Jałoszyński & Nomura, 2004, 2008; Vít, 2004; Jałoszyński et al., 2007), some of them containing a comprehensive discussion of diagnostic characters of Horaeomorphus, Makhan & Ezzatpanah cited only one reference, irrelevant to the taxon they dealt with. The illustrations of Horaeomorphus soesilae (photos of the dorsal habitus and the aedeagus) provided in the original description show clearly a representative of the unmistakable (or so it seemed) genus Syndicus Schaufuss. Syndicus is not only easily recognisable on the basis of its remarkable body shape, clearly different than that of any Horaeomorphus, but first of all it differs from all genera of Cyrtoscydmini in having pseudo- 10 - segmented antennae (all other genera in this tribe, including Horaeomorphus, have clearly 11 - segmented antennae). The minute antennomere XI in Syndicus is highly reduced and inserted in the preceding antennomere in such a way that in the nominotypical subgenus antennomeres X and XI appear as a single antennomere, with only an indistinct septum visible between the apex of X and the base of XI. The number of antennomeres (apparently 10) can easily be counted on fig. 1 of Makhan & Ezzatpanah, and in case of any doubts the authors themselves provide the crucial data: “ Antennae brown, 10 - segmented ” and “ Horaeomorphus soesilae Makhan & Ezzatpanah, sp. nov. is the first species with 10 antennal segments. The other species from the Oriental region have 11 antennal segments and the male genitalia are different ”. It seems that Makhan & Ezzatpanah are simply not aware of the fact that the genus Syndicus even exists, and certainly the authors do not know (and in consequence do not cite) the large literature related to this genus (which is one of the best studied in the Oriental region), including the world revision (Jałoszyński, 2004 b) and a number of later papers (Jałoszyński, 2006 b, 2008, 2009 b, 2011 a, 2011 b; Jałoszyński & Nomura, 2006). The aedeagus illustrated in figs. 2, 3 of Makhan & Ezzatpanah (2011) and the extremely short “ description ” without a clear diagnosis make it impossible to distinguish Syndicus soesilae from its numerous congeners. A further study is necessary to verify whether this is really a new species or merely a synonym.	en	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2014): Oriental Horaeomorphus Schaufuss: a new species, synonymic notes and distributional synopsis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 83-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4504184
