taxonID	type	description	language	source
682D995BE5788D21FF3CF994516FFBCB.taxon	description	Phyllobates pictus (non Bibron): Silverstone 1976 p. 40 – 41, pattern 5 (partim), Texas Natural History Collections 36469, Río Pachitea near Bosque Nacional de Iparia, Nevati (Kansas University 144351 – 60, Los Angeles County Museum 92413). Dendrobates pictus (non Bibron): Myers, Daly & Malkin 1978, p. 332 (by implication).	en	Brown, Jason L., Siu-Ting, Karen, May, Rudolf Von, Twomey, Evan, Guillory, Wilson X., Deutsch, Michael S., Chávez, Germán (2019): Systematics of the Ameerega rubriventris complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with descriptions of two new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Peru. Zootaxa 4712 (2): 211-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.3
682D995BE5788D21FF3CF994516FFBCB.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. MUSM 26846 (field number KST 263), an adult male collected by K. Siu Ting, S. Flechas and A. Crawford in Huánuco region, Peru, 4.1 km (via direct line) S of Puerto Inca along Río Pachitea at the Panguana Biological Research Station, 240 m elevation, 9 ° 36 ′ 49.3 ′′ S, 74 ° 56 ′ 7.8 ′′ W, 20 December 2007 (Fig 4). Paratopotypes. MUSM 26884 (field number KST 301), collected by K. Siu Ting on 20 January 2008 (Supp. Fig. 1 E). MUSM 24685 – 24687 collected between 10 – 16 November 2003 by W. Hödl, A. Amézquita, K. Siu Ting and A. Lima. Paratypes. All from Huánuco region, Peru: MUSM 26963 – 26964 (field numbers JLB 07 - 608 and 610), 11 km E of Puerto Inca along a trail to Cordillera El Sira, 298 m above sea-level, collected 25 April 2007 by E. Twomey and J. L. Brown, 9 ° 26 ′ 50.86 ′′ S, 74 ° 48 ′ 1.91 ′′ W. MUSM 26985 (field numbers JLB 07 - 786), 4.5 km S of Puerto Sira along a trail to Cordillera El Sira, collected 3 September 2011 by J. L. Brown. 9 ° 18 ′ 44.78 ′′ S, 74 ° 51 ′ 5.83 ′′ W. AMNH 95663 – 95666 (field numbers CWM- 13104 - 13107), “ Río Llullapichis, nr. Llullapichis (town) on Río Pachitea ”, C. Toft and R. L. Dressler, February 1975 (Supp. Fig 3 A).	en	Brown, Jason L., Siu-Ting, Karen, May, Rudolf Von, Twomey, Evan, Guillory, Wilson X., Deutsch, Michael S., Chávez, Germán (2019): Systematics of the Ameerega rubriventris complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with descriptions of two new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Peru. Zootaxa 4712 (2): 211-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.3
682D995BE5788D21FF3CF994516FFBCB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is in honor of the Koepcke family: parents, Drs. Hans-Wilhelm and Maria Koepcke, and their daughter, Dr. Juliane Diller (born as Koepcke). Hans-Wilhelm and Maria founded the Panguana Biological Research Station in 1968, which was named after the undulated tinamou (Crypturellus undulates), an inconspicuous, partridge-sized bird. The Koepcke family developed the Panguana Biological Research Station into a paragon for land conservation and biodiversity preservation. Under Juliane’s guidance, the station continues to serve as a cornerstone for biologists working in the Amazon Rainforest of central Peru and has become the country’s oldest biological station. Hans-Wilhelm, Maria, and Juliane also made substantial scientific contributions to the knowledge of Peruvian ornithology, botany, and mammalogy, respectively. On December 24 th 1971, Maria and Juliane were passengers on LANSA flight 508. Midflight, the plane was struck by lighting and broke into several pieces, which crashed into the dense rainforests of the upper Pachitea drainage, ca. 120 km south-west of Pucallpa. Despite suffering a broken collar bone, a deep forearm cut, and a severe concussion, Juliane courageously made her way downriver towards the village of Tournavista — a trip that spanned 11 days. She was the sole survivor. The core of the distribution of Ameerega panguana contains the Panguana Biological Research Station, the site of the plane crash, and Juliane’s trek to Río Pachitea. Definition. A small species of cryptically-colored frog assigned to Ameerega due to the presence of maxillary and premaxillary teeth, the first finger being longer than the second, and basal webbing occurring between toes II – IV. The species can be characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) mean SVL of adult males 19.0 mm (range 16.9 – 19.7 mm), mean SVL of adult females 19.8 mm (range 16.6 – 22.1 mm) (Table 1); (2) dorsal skin granular, especially on the back and the dorsal surfaces of the legs, dorsal surfaces of forelimbs lightly granular, flanks and venter non-granular; (3) finger III expanded in adults; (4) absence of lateral fringes and basal webbing on fingers; (5) maxillary and premaxillary teeth present; (6) fingers and toes discs expanded, larger in toes II, III, and IV; (7) basal webbing between toes II – III and III – IV; (8) finger I longer than finger II; (9) toe III length reaches or surpasses the middle of the central sub-articular tubercle of toe IV; (10) metatarsal fold absent; (11) tympanum conspicuous and small; (12) in life, base dorsal coloration of the head, back, and limbs are dark brown mottled in subtle to conspicuous ovoid blotches variable in size and coloration ranging from gray to slate-blue to light olive green to chartreuse yellow; dorsal blotches often merge or are clustered on dorsum; in some individuals the dorsal blotches are mostly absent; (13) oblique lateral stripe absent; (14) usually with white dorsolateral stripes extending from loreal region to groin; (15) white labial stripe present, starting behind nares and ending at forelimb; (16) flanks black to dark brown, most individuals have bright white or cream, occasionally slate-blue, spotting or marbling extending from venter; (17) venter smooth, bright white to bluish-cream, with sparse black reticulation; (18) yellow to red spots present posterodorsally at the insertions of the forelimbs and hindlimbs, and on medial face of tibia; (19) limbs light to dark brown on dorsal surfaces, ventral surfaces of forelimbs are light blue distally, yellow proximally; underside of head pigmented as the venter but often darker (i. e. more black marbling), especially in males. (20) iris dark brown with golden ring around pupil; (21) in preservative, all lighter pigments and flash colors fade to white or gray; (22) advertisement call is a short ‘ peep’ repeated 1.1 – 1.9 times per s for several min; each note is short (0.23 s, mean), with the dominant frequency from 4.9 to 5.5 kHz; (23) presence of exotrophic tadpoles carried to small terrestrial pools, where they are deposited in groups.	en	Brown, Jason L., Siu-Ting, Karen, May, Rudolf Von, Twomey, Evan, Guillory, Wilson X., Deutsch, Michael S., Chávez, Germán (2019): Systematics of the Ameerega rubriventris complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with descriptions of two new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Peru. Zootaxa 4712 (2): 211-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.3
682D995BE5788D21FF3CF994516FFBCB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Many Ameerega species possess white dorsolateral stripes and brown dorsal coloration, but only A. hahneli sensu stricto can have a similar white venter. However, A. hahneli has an advertisement call consisting of 6 – 10 notes per second for several minutes (versus 1 – 2 notes per second in A. panguana; Figs. 5 & 6), the venter is typical finely marbled (coarsely reticulated in A. panguana), the dark pigmentation on flanks is broad with venter coloration barely visible from profile (dark pigmentation narrow, ca. width, and venter coloration extends midway up obliques and is distinctly visible in profile in A. panguana). The second similar species is Ameerega imasmari sp. nov. (described below), in which northern populations are the most similar, but can have golden dorsolateral stripes (white in A. panguana) an advertisement call consisting of 3 – 4 notes per second with a dominant frequency 4.3 – 4.5 kHz (versus 1 – 2 notes per second with a dominant frequency 4.9 – 5.5 kHz in A. panguana; Table 3, Figs. 5 & 6). Other species similar in appearance to A. panguana include A. boliviana, A. ignipedis, A. simulans, A. petersi, A. pulchripecta (all of which have yellowish or green dorsolateral stripes and blue venters), A. picta sensu stricto (can possess a white venter, but has yellow dorsolateral stripes), A. shihuemoy (pink dorsolateral stripe and a blue venter), A. rubriventris (reddish-orange venter) and A. altamazonica (blue venter instead of a white venter in A. panguana). Ameerega panguana is also similar in appearance to Allobates femoralis, however, it lacks an oblique lateral stripe (present in A. femoralis) and finger I is longer than or finger II (finger II is longer than or finger I in A. femoralis).	en	Brown, Jason L., Siu-Ting, Karen, May, Rudolf Von, Twomey, Evan, Guillory, Wilson X., Deutsch, Michael S., Chávez, Germán (2019): Systematics of the Ameerega rubriventris complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with descriptions of two new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Peru. Zootaxa 4712 (2): 211-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.3
682D995BE5788D21FF3CF994516FFBCB.taxon	description	Measurements of holotype (in mm). SVL 17.3; FoL 7.6; TL 7.9; KK 15.6; FL 6.1; HaL 3.5; HL 4.1; HW 4.5; BW 4.0; UEW 2.9; IOD 2.4; IND 2.3; TD 2.4; ED 2.4; DET 0.5; L 1 F 2.8; L 2 F 2.4; W 3 D 0.5; W 3 F 0.4. For paratypes see Table 1. Description of adults. Little to no sexual dimorphism is apparent except for males being slightly smaller, possessing vocal slits and a subgular vocal sac. Tongue gray, ovoid, attaching anteriorly. Head widest at jaw articulations, slightly narrower than body in most individuals (head width at tympanum 71.3 – 126.0 % of body width at axillae); head width 21.9 – 31.6 % of SVL. Snout sloping laterally; bluntly rounded dorsally; truncate ventrally. Nares situated and directed posterolaterally to the tip of snout; nares visible from front and below but not from above. Canthus rostralis sloped, slightly rounded; loreal region nearly vertical and slightly concave. Interorbital distance nearly same width of superior upper eyelid. Eye large and prominent, with a maximum diameter of 14.9 – 17.3 % of the snout vent length; pupil rounded and horizontally elliptical. Tympanum circular, partially concealed posterodorsally, lacking tympanic annulus; tympanum width 21.7 – 40.0 % of eye diameter. Supratympanic fold absent. Hands relatively small, length 18.9 – 29.3 % of SVL. Relative length of appressed fingers: III> IV> II ≈ I. Discs moderately expanded, disc on finger III 1.3 – 1.7 times width of finger below disc. A large, circular outer metacarpal tubercle on median base of palm; a smaller inner metacarpal tubercle on base of finger I; one well developed and prominent subarticular tubercle on fingers I and II, two on fingers III and IV. Hind limbs relatively small, femur 37.1 – 50.8 % of SVL, tibia 40.7 – 55.1 % of SVL. Relative lengths of appressed toes IV> III> V> II> I; first toe short, barely reaching bottom of subarticular tubercle on base of second toe, with unexpanded disc; toes II and III with barely expanded discs (much smaller than finger discs), and toe IV and V with discs expanded (disc 1.3 – 1.5 times broader than adjacent phalanx). Inner and a smaller outer metatarsal tubercle present, somewhat protuberant with rounded surfaces. One slightly protuberant subarticular tubercle present on toes I and II, two on toes III, IV, and V. Hands and feet lacking supernumerary tubercles, lateral fringes, and webbing. No toe fringes. Vocalization. The advertisement call for A. panguana (Table 1, Figs. 5 & 6) is a short ‘ peep’ repeated 1.1 – 1.9 times per second for several minutes. Each note is short (mean 0.23 s), with the dominant frequency from 4.9 – 5.5 kHz. This single-note advertisement call is given most frequently in the afternoon and evening as males chorus in small groups. We also note a second call type in A. panguana of two to three notes in quick succession (within 10 ms of each other), repeated once every 3 - 90 seconds. The latter call appears to function as an aggressive or territorial call and is most frequently heard in the early morning and early evening (Schlüter 1980).	en	Brown, Jason L., Siu-Ting, Karen, May, Rudolf Von, Twomey, Evan, Guillory, Wilson X., Deutsch, Michael S., Chávez, Germán (2019): Systematics of the Ameerega rubriventris complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with descriptions of two new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Peru. Zootaxa 4712 (2): 211-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.3
682D995BE5788D21FF3CF994516FFBCB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and Natural History. Ameerega panguana is distributed throughout the east-Andean versant, Cordillera Sira, and surrounding lowlands of central Peru at elevations of ca. 200 – 400 m (Fig. 7). This species appears to be widely distributed throughout the region of Huánuco in lower elevations of the Río Pachitea drainage and foothills of Cordillera Sira, extending to both the western and eastern versant. This species is common and can be locally abundant in disturbed forested habitats (locally known as “ Purmas ”) that surround, or are nearby, small streams, which collectively provide refugia from the midday heat and habitat for reproduction. Ameerega panguana is less commonly found in secondary and old-growth forests. Male A. panguana were frequently observed calling on leaves 0.5 - 1 m above ground. Populations of A. panguana observed at the Panguana Biological Research Station from December to February in 2003 and 2007 were most active between 05: 00 to 09: 00 and 16: 00 to 18: 00 (K. Siu- Ting, pers. obs.). This species commonly co-occurs with three other Ameerega species: A. trivittata, A. petersi, and A. hahneli sensu stricto. Ameerega hahneli sensu stricto is more easily detected than A. panguana at most surveyed sites (Schlüter 1980). Conservation status. Following the IUCN Red List criteria 3.1 (IUCN 2012), we suggest A. panguana be listed as Vulnerable (VU) under the following criteria: (1) we estimate its extent of occurrence at 9,370 km 2 (as pictured in Fig. 7), and part of this range lies in a protected forest (San Matías San Carlos) and two communal reserves (El Sira and Yánesha) and a private concession area (ACP Panguana); (2) it occurs in undisturbed habitat and disturbed areas; (3) population sizes are unknown, but assumed to be large given the abundant forested habitats and tentative large range; (4) populations do not appear to be declining; and (5) demand for the pet trade is presumed to be moderate to low.	en	Brown, Jason L., Siu-Ting, Karen, May, Rudolf Von, Twomey, Evan, Guillory, Wilson X., Deutsch, Michael S., Chávez, Germán (2019): Systematics of the Ameerega rubriventris complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with descriptions of two new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Peru. Zootaxa 4712 (2): 211-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.3
682D995BE5748D27FF3CFB3E5257FE53.taxon	description	Phyllobates pictus (non Bibron): Silverstone 1976 p. 40 – 41, pattern 5 (partim), trail between Satipo and Puerto Ocopa (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Havard, 24433). Dendrobates pictus (non Bibron): Myers, Daly & Malkin 1978, p. 332 (by implication).	en	Brown, Jason L., Siu-Ting, Karen, May, Rudolf Von, Twomey, Evan, Guillory, Wilson X., Deutsch, Michael S., Chávez, Germán (2019): Systematics of the Ameerega rubriventris complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with descriptions of two new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Peru. Zootaxa 4712 (2): 211-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.3
682D995BE5748D27FF3CFB3E5257FE53.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. CORBIDI 20575 (field number JLB-WS- 033), an adult male collected by Jason L. Brown, Wilson X. Guillory, and Brian Widmer in the region of Pasco, 1.5 km E of Satipo town in small patch of secondary forest adjacent to Río Satipo, Peru, 605 m elevation, 11 ° 14 ′ 14.892 S, 74 ° 37 ′ 3.576 W, 20 June 2018 (Figs. 1 & 4). Paratypes. UMMZ 2449821 – 244984 and MUSM-H 35670 – 35673 collected by Joanna Larson and Consuelo Alarcón, in the Cusco region, Peru, Villa Carmen Biological Station and Reserve, Pillcopata, Peru, 519 m elevation, 12 ° 53 ′ 45.01 S, 71 ° 24 ′ 21.69 W, collected between 16 January 2016 and 20 February 2016 (Supp. Figs 2 E – F, 4 A – E)	en	Brown, Jason L., Siu-Ting, Karen, May, Rudolf Von, Twomey, Evan, Guillory, Wilson X., Deutsch, Michael S., Chávez, Germán (2019): Systematics of the Ameerega rubriventris complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with descriptions of two new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Peru. Zootaxa 4712 (2): 211-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.3
682D995BE5748D27FF3CFB3E5257FE53.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is formed as an adjective, derived from the Quechua word ‘ imasmari’ which means ‘ riddle’. The epithet is in reference to cryptic color pattern of this species, which is similar to that of Ameerega hahneli sensu stricto and A. picta sensu stricto, two species that co-occur with A. imasmari. During the last century, the field identification of A. hahneli, A. picta and other similar species has challenged biologists; with the description of A. imasmari sp. nov. there is another choice to distinguish from. The Quechua language is spoken by the Incan people indigenous to Andean Peru and the adjacent lower elevation areas where A. imasmari is known to occur. Definition. A small species of cryptically-colored frog assigned to Ameerega due to the presence of maxillary and premaxillary teeth, the first finger being longer than the second, and basal webbing occurring between toes II- IV. The species can be characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) mean SVL of adult males 18.6 mm (range 18.3 – 19.0 mm), mean SVL of adult females 20.7 mm (range 19.8 – 21.8 mm) (Table 1); (2) dorsal skin granular, especially on the back and the dorsal surfaces of the legs, dorsal surfaces of forelimbs lightly granular, flanks and venter non-granular; (3) finger III expanded in adults; (4) absence of lateral fringes and basal webbing on fingers; (5) maxillary and premaxillary teeth present; (6) fingers and toes discs expanded, larger in toes II, III, and IV; (7) basal webbing between toes II – III and III – IV; (8) finger I longer than finger II; (9) toe III length reaches or surpasses the middle of the central sub-articular tubercle of toe IV; (10) metatarsal fold absent; (11) tympanum conspicuous and small; (12) in life, base dorsal coloration of the head, back, and limbs are dark brown and finely mottled in brown; flanks black to dark brown; (13) oblique lateral stripe absent; (14) usually with white or cream dorsolateral stripes extending from loreal region to groin; (15) labial stripes present that match dorsolateral stripe coloration, starting behind nares and ending at forelimbs; (16) flanks black to dark brown, most individuals have bright white or cream, occasionally slate-blue, spotting or marbling extending from venter; (17) venter smooth, golden to light blue, with dense black marbling; (18) yellow to red spots present posterodorsally at the insertions of the forelimbs and hindlimbs, and on medial face of tibia; (19) limbs light to dark brown on dorsal surfaces, ventral surfaces of forelimbs are light blue distally, yellow proximally. Underside of head pigmented as the venter but often darker (i. e. more black marbling), especially in males; (20) iris dark brown with golden ring around pupil; (21) in preservative, all lighter pigments and flash colors fade to white or gray; (22) advertisement call is a short ‘ peep’ repeated 2.1 – 2.6 times per second for several minutes; each note is short (mean of 0.17 s), with the dominant frequency from 4300 – 4500 Hz; (23) presence of exotrophic tadpoles carried to small terrestrial pools, where they are deposited in groups.	en	Brown, Jason L., Siu-Ting, Karen, May, Rudolf Von, Twomey, Evan, Guillory, Wilson X., Deutsch, Michael S., Chávez, Germán (2019): Systematics of the Ameerega rubriventris complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with descriptions of two new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Peru. Zootaxa 4712 (2): 211-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.3
682D995BE5748D27FF3CFB3E5257FE53.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Though they are not sister species (Fig. 2), southern populations of A. imasmari and northern populations of A. altamazonica are phenotypically similar and confidently distinguishing one from another may not be possible in the absence of genetic data (Figs. 2 & 3). In A. hahneli sensu stricto, the width of each dorsolateral stripe decreases to a very fine stripe on the snout, occasionally disappearing (versus being wide and remaining the same width around the entire snout in A. imasmari), and its advertisement call consists of 6 – 10 notes per second for several minutes (versus 2 – 3 notes per second in A. imasmari). Another similar species is Ameerega panguana sp. nov., with some individuals morphologically similar, but with white dorsolateral stripes and venter coloration (versus golden in Satipo populations of A. imasmari), and with an advertisement call consisting of 1 – 2 notes per second with a dominant frequency of 4.9 – 5.5 kHz (versus 2 - 3 notes per second with a dominant frequency of 4.3 – 4.5 kHz in A. imasmari, Table 3). Other species similar in appearance to A. imasmari include A. boliviana, A. picta sensu stricto, A. petersi, A. simulans, A. ignipedis, A. pulchripecta (all of which have yellowish or green dorsolateral stripes and blue venters), A. shihuemoy (pink dorsolateral stripes), and A. rubriventris (reddish-orange venter instead of a blue or golden venter in A. imasmari).	en	Brown, Jason L., Siu-Ting, Karen, May, Rudolf Von, Twomey, Evan, Guillory, Wilson X., Deutsch, Michael S., Chávez, Germán (2019): Systematics of the Ameerega rubriventris complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with descriptions of two new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Peru. Zootaxa 4712 (2): 211-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.3
682D995BE5748D27FF3CFB3E5257FE53.taxon	description	Measurements of holotype (in mm). SVL 19.9; FL 9.8; TL 10.9; KK 19.5; FoL 9.4; HaL 6.0; HL 7.2; HW 6.8; BW 6.4; UEW 2.2; IOD 2.4; IND 2.5; TD 1.5; ED 2.4; DET 0.5; L 1 F 4.1; L 2 F 4.0; W 3 D 0.6; W 3 F 0.4. For paratypes see Table 2. Description of adults. Little to no sexual dimorphism is apparent except for males being slightly smaller, possessing vocal slits and a subgular vocal sac. Teeth absent; tongue gray, ovoid, attaching anteriorly. Head widest at jaw articulations, slightly wider than body in most individuals (head width at tympanum 85.0 – 120.0 % of body width at axillae); head width 26.8 – 32.8 % of SVL. Snout sloping laterally; bluntly rounded dorsally; truncate ventrally. Nares situated and directed posterolaterally to the tip of snout; nares visible from front and below but not from above. Canthus rostralis sloped, slightly rounded; loreal region nearly vertical and slightly concave. Interorbital distance nearly same width of superior upper eyelid. Eye large and prominent, with a maximum diameter of 7.9 – 8.9 % of the snout vent length; pupil rounded and horizontally elliptical. Tympanum circular, partially concealed posterodorsally, lacking tympanic annulus; tympanum width 47.8 – 62.5 % of eye diameter. Supratympanic fold absent. Hands relatively small, length 23.7 – 29.6 % of SVL. Relative length of appressed fingers: III> IV> II ≈ I. Discs moderately expanded, disc on finger III 1.4 – 2 times width of finger below disc. A large, circular outer metacarpal tubercle on median base of palm; a smaller inner metacarpal tubercle on base of finger I; one well developed and prominent subarticular tubercle on fingers I and II, two on fingers III and IV. Hind limbs relatively small, femur 42.9 – 49.7 % of SVL, tibia 42.9 – 53.0 % of SVL. Relative lengths of appressed toes IV> III> V> II> I; first toe short, barely reaching bottom of subarticular tubercle on base of second toe, with unexpanded disc; toes II and III with barely expanded discs (much smaller than finger discs), and toes IV and V with discs expanded (disc 1.3 – 1.5 times broader than adjacent phalanx). Inner and a smaller outer metatarsal tubercle present, somewhat protuberant with rounded surfaces. One slightly protuberant subarticular tubercle present on toes I and II, two on toes III, IV, and V. Hands and feet lacking supernumerary tubercles, lateral fringes, and webbing. No toe fringes. Vocalization. The advertisement call for A. imasmari (Figs. 5 & 6) is a short ‘ peep’ repeated 2.1 – 2.6 times per second for several minutes. Each note is short (mean of 0.17 s), with the dominant frequency from 4.3 – 4.5 kHz. This single-note advertisement call is given most frequently in the afternoon and evening as males chorus in small groups. We also observed a second call type in A. imasmari consisting of three to four notes, occasionally two notes in quick succession (separated by a mean of 13 ms, of silence), repeated once every 2 - 30 seconds. The latter call appears to function as an aggressive or territorial call and is most frequently heard in the early morning and early evening (Schlüter 1980).	en	Brown, Jason L., Siu-Ting, Karen, May, Rudolf Von, Twomey, Evan, Guillory, Wilson X., Deutsch, Michael S., Chávez, Germán (2019): Systematics of the Ameerega rubriventris complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with descriptions of two new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Peru. Zootaxa 4712 (2): 211-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.3
682D995BE5748D27FF3CFB3E5257FE53.taxon	distribution	Distribution and Natural History. Ameerega imasmari is distributed throughout the east-Andean versant and surrounding lowlands of southern Peru, across the Fitzcarrald Arch, at elevations of ca. 200 - 400 m (Fig 7). This species appears to be sparsely distributed throughout regions Cuzco, Junín, and Pasco, and may extend into Madre de Dios and Ucayali. This species is locally abundant around Satipo (Pasco) and Villa Carmen (Cusco). Elsewhere it appears to be rare, or more likely undetected. This species is common and can be locally abundant in disturbed forested habitats (Purmas) nearby permanent water sources, which collectively provide refugia from the midday heat and habitat for reproduction. Ameerega imasmari does not appear to be commonly found in secondary and old-growth forests. This species commonly co-occurs with six other Ameerega species: A. trivittata, A. shihuemoy, A. simulans, A. picta, A. macero sensu stricto and A. hahneli sensu stricto. Conservation status. Following the IUCN Red List criteria 3.1 (IUCN, 2012), we suggest A. imasmari be listed as Least Concern (LC) or Data Deficient (DD) under the following criteria: (1) we estimate its extent of occurrence at 41,690 km 2 (as pictured in Fig. 7), and part of this range lies within two national parks (Otishi and Manu), a protected forest (Pui Pui), a natural sanctuary (Megantoni) and a communal reserve (Asháninka); (2) it occurs undisturbed habitat and disturbed areas; (3) population sizes are unknown, but assumed to be large given the abundance of forested habitats and tentative large range; (4) populations do not appear to be declining; and (5) demand for the pet trade is presumed to be low.	en	Brown, Jason L., Siu-Ting, Karen, May, Rudolf Von, Twomey, Evan, Guillory, Wilson X., Deutsch, Michael S., Chávez, Germán (2019): Systematics of the Ameerega rubriventris complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with descriptions of two new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Peru. Zootaxa 4712 (2): 211-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.3
