taxonID	type	description	language	source
6832E202FF81FFF2FF54F958FA72F87D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Orencostoma is similar to Ocnerostoma Zeller, 1847, but differs in the uncus well-developed and the coremata absent in the male genitalia; the ductus bursae longer than the corpus bursae, entirely or partly with microspines or granules, and a signum present in the female genitalia. In Ocnerostoma, the male genitalia has the uncus ill-defined and the coremata present; the female genitalia has the smooth ductus bursae shorter than the corpus bursae and the signum absent.	en	Lou, Kang, Li, Juan, Wang, Shuxia (2019): First report of the genus Orencostoma Moriuti (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. Zoological Systematics 44 (1): 76-83, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201902
6832E202FF81FFF5FF54F84CFB08FEB0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is similar to O. bicornigerum Moriuti, 1971. It can be distinguished by the uncus smoothly concave on the posterior margin in the male genitalia and the presence of a signum in the female genitalia. In O. bicornigerum, the uncus is sinuate in W shape on the posterior margin and the signum is absent (Moruiti, 1971: 255, figs 4 ‒ 5). Differences between O. divulgatum Wang sp. nov. and O. semicirculum Wang sp. nov. are given under the latter species. Description. Adult (Fig. 3) wingspan 8.0 − 10.0 mm. Vertex rough, white except brown between antennae; face smooth, white mixed with pale brown. Antenna about 3 / 5 length of forewing, greyish brown except scape white on ventral surface, flagellum ringed with white on dorsal surface. Labial palpus greyish brown mixed with white. Thorax and tegula white mixed with grey. Forewing ground color creamy white, scattered with greyish brown, pale rufous and black scales; costal margin in some individuals with a faint spot before apex due to fewer dark scales; ill-defined pale rufous basal patch subrounded; wide pale rufous band at basal 2 / 5; cilia pale grey, tipped with blackish brown. Hindwing and cilia pale grey. Fore- and midlegs ventrally black, dorsally white except tarsi blackish brown at apex of each tarsomere; hindleg pale ochreous white, tarsus with scattered brown scales, each tarsomere ringed with black distally. Male genitalia (Figs 5 ‒ 9). Uncus sub-quadrate, shallowly concave or nearly straight at middle on posterior margin, produced to a sub-triangular or semicircular process posterolaterally. Socius widened or slightly widened medially, narrowed from about middle to apex, with a small spine apically; dorsal margin arched, ventral margin nearly straight. Gnathos with ventral plate semicircular or tongue shaped, spinous on ventral surface; lateral arms banded, almost uniform. Valva subrectangular or sub-triangular, slightly or distinctly narrowed to rounded apex, with length from 2.3 to 3.4 times of maximum width, ventral margin gently arched or produced beyond sacculus; costa banded, widened medially, narrowed toward both base and apex; transtilla elongate, narrowed to apex; sacculus small, sub-triangular, approximately 1 / 4 length of valva. Saccus about 2 / 3 length of socius, distinctly or slightly dilated distally. Phallus 3 times length of valva; cornuti being a few overlapped relatively larger spines followed by two rows of clustered microspines, placed distally. Female genitalia (Figs 11 – 12). Intersegmental membrane between papilla analis and eighth sternum wide and short. Apophyses anteriores 2 / 3 length of apophyses posteriores, ventral branch extended to lamella postvaginalis. Lamella postvaginalis being a narrow sclerotized transverse band, produced triangularly toward both ends. Antrum short, uniform. Ductus bursae extremely long and slender, twisted, granulous, slightly thickened from distal 1 / 3 to 1 / 6; ductus seminalis arising from near base. Corpus bursae elongate ovate, granulous entirely; signum pyriform, densely covered with rowed denticles throughout. Type material. Holotype ♂, Mt. Baxian (40.19  N, 117.55  E), Ji County, Tianjin, 600 m, 23. IX. 2006, coll. Houhun Li et al. slide No. CPX 15028 ♂. Paratypes (305 ♂ 169 ♀). Tianjin: 2 ♂ 4 ♀, Limutai, Ji County, 300 m, 11. VI. 2004 ‒ 1. VII. 2007, coll. Houhun Li et al., slide No. JQ 08265 ♂; 10 ♂ 10 ♀, Mt. Jiulong, Ji County, 130 ‒ 200 m, 5. IX. 2001 ‒ 27. VI. 2004, coll. Houhun Li et al., genitalia slide Nos. XYL 03411 ♂, FXM 07021 ♂, FXM 07022 ♂, BHY 06074 ♀, JQ 08267 ♀; 16 ♂ 11 ♀, Mt. Baxian, Ji County, 500 ‒ 600 m, 7. IX. 2001 ‒ 23. IX. 2006, coll. Houhun Li et al., genitalia slide Nos. LK 16001 ♂, CPX 15075 ♀, JQ 10105 ♂, JQ 10106 ♀; 15 ♂ 5 ♀, Heishuihe, Mt. Baxian, Ji County, 550 m, 19. VI ‒ 16. IX. 2009, coll. Bingbing Hu, Jing Zhang, Zhipin Liang; 3 ♂, Heishuihe, Mt. Baxian, Ji County, 600 m, 23. VIII ‒ 12. IX. 2010, coll. Yinghui Mou, Mingrui Zhang, Shurong Liu. Hebei: 9 ♂ 13 ♀, Mt. Wuling, Xinglong County, 1000 m, 15 ‒ 16. VI. 2014, coll. Shurong Liu et al., genitalia slide Nos. CPX 15057 ♂, CPX 14166 ♂, CPX 15076 ♂, LK 15051 ♂, LK 15050 ♂, CPX 15087 ♂, CPX 15088 ♂, CPX 15082 ♂, CPX 15078 ♂, LK 15065 ♀, CPX 14176 ♀, LK 15067 ♀, CPX 15089 ♀, CPX 15077 ♀, CPX 15081 ♀; 1 ♂, Mt. Wuling, 800 m, 30. VI. 2012, coll. Houhun Li, Shuxia Wang et al., genitalia slide No. CPX 15056; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Shuangyuanfeng, Mt. Wuling, Xinglong County, 800 m, 16. VII ‒ 6. IX. 2012, coll. Houhun Li, Yanpeng Cai, Qiang Gao, genitalia slide Nos. LK 15048 ♂, LK 15049 ♂, LK 15068 ♀. Shanxi: 5 ♂ 2 ♀, Xizhashui Village, Lingchuan County, 900 m, 12 ‒ 15. VII. 2010, coll. Haiyan Bai, Linlin Yang, genitalia slide Nos. CPX 15026 ♂, LK 15077 ♂, LK 15078 ♂, LK 15075 ♂, LK 15079 ♂, CPX 15027 ♀, LK 15076 ♀; 1 ♀, Mt. Lingkong, Qinyuan County, 1560 m, 31. VII. 2013, coll. Tengteng Liu, Peixin Cong, genitalia slide No. LK 15074; 1 ♀, Mt. Luya, Ningwu County, 1450 m, 19. VI. 2011, coll. Shulian Hao, Jiayu Liu, genitalia slide No. CPX 15005; 1 ♂, Dahe Forest Farm, 1340 m, 12. VII. 2012, coll. Qiang Gao, Na Chen, genitalia slide No. LK 15080; 1 ♀, Mt. Mian, Jiexiu County, 1370 m, 16. VII. 2014, coll. Tengteng Liu, Meiqing Yang, Sihan Lu. Zhejiang: 1 ♂, Laodian, Kaishan, Mt. Tianmu, 1140 m, 17. VIII. 1999, coll. Houhun Li et al., genitalia slide No. CPX 15050; 24 ♂ 9 ♀, Qingliangfeng, Linan City, 900 m, 8 ‒ 11. VIII. 2005, coll. Yunli Xiao, genitalia slide Nos. LK 16004 ♂, LK 16005 ♂, CPX 15048 ♂, CPX 15049 ♀; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Wuyanling, Taishun County, 400 ‒ 930 m, 31. VII ‒ 1. VIII. 2005, coll. Yunli Xiao; 1 ♂, Mt. Fengyang, Longquan, Lishui City, 1470 m, 26. VII. 2007, coll. Qing Jin; 1 ♂, Chishui Village, Zhangshui Town, Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, 450 m, 26. VII. 2015, coll. Aihui Yin, Kang Lou, Tao Wang; 1 ♀, Tianmushan Village, Mt. Tianmu, 335 m, 1. VII. 2014, coll. Aihui Yin, Xuemei Hu, Qingyun Wang; 8 ♂ 1 ♀, Qianqingtang, Qingliangfeng, 1100 m, 15 ‒ 16. V. 2012, coll. Linlin Yang, Zhenguo Zhang, genitalia slide Nos. CPX 15080 ♂, LK 15063 ♂, LK 15064 ♂, LK 15066 ♂, LK 15069 ♂, LK 15071 ♂, LK 15072 ♂, CPX 15029 ♀; 1 ♂, Shunxiwu, Qingliangfeng, 390 m, 19. V. 2012, coll. Linlin Yang, Zhenguo Zhang, genitalia slide No. LK 15070; 2 ♂ 2 ♀, Yulingguan, Qingliangfeng, 220 m, 23. VII. 2014, coll. Aihui Yin, Xuemei Hu, Qingyun Wang, genitalia slide Nos. LK 15053 ♂, LK 15054 ♂; 1 ♂ 4 ♀, Longxushan Village, Mt. Longxu, 778 m, 20 ‒ 21. VIII. 2014, coll. Aihui Yin, Qingyun Wang, Suran Li, genitalia slide Nos. LK 15052 ♂, CPX 14168 ♀; 1 ♂, Pinggang, Mt. Longxu, 754 m, 25. VIII. 2014, coll. Aihui Yin, Qingyun Wang, Suran Li, genitalia slide No. LK 15062; 8 ♂ 2 ♀, Jiufu Village, Mt. Longtang, 520 m, 25. VII ‒ 31. VIII. 2014, coll. Aihui Yin, Qingyun Wang, Suran Li, genitalia slide Nos. LK 15055 ♂, LK 15056 ♂, LK 15057 ♂, LK 15058 ♂, LK 15059 ♂, LK 15060 ♂, LK 15061 ♂, LK 15063 ♂, CPX 15059 ♂, CPX 15058 ♀; 2 ♂, Ganzhuling, Simingshan Town, Yuyao City, 853 m, 24  25. VII. 2015, coll. Aihui Yin, Kang Lou, Tao Wang; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Huangtanyu, Mt. Jiulong, 467 m, 3 ‒ 6. VII. 2013, coll. Aihui Yin, Xiuchun Wang, genitalia slide Nos. CPX 14170 ♂, LK 15073 ♀; 68 ♂ 15 ♀, Jiutangshan Forestry station, Qingliangfeng, Linan City, 550 m, 14. V. 2017, coll. Shuonan Qian, Ga-Eun Lee, genitalia slide No. LJ 17398 ♀; 12 ♂ 15 ♀, Longtangshanzhuang, Qingliangfeng, Linan City, 500 m, 12 ‒ 15. V. 2017, coll. Shuonan Qian, Ga-Eun Lee, genitalia slide No. LJ 17362 ♂; 2 ♂ 4 ♀, Mt. Gutian, Kaihua County, Quzhou City, 310 m, 16 ‒ 20. V. 2017, coll. Shuonan Qian, Ga-Eun Lee, genitalia slide No. LJ 17361 ♂. Fujian: 1 ♀, Daiyun Village, Mt. Daiyun, Dehua County, 850 m, 15. IX. 2002, coll. Xinpu Wang; 1 ♂, Sangang, Mt. Wuyi, 740 m, 19. V. 2004, coll. Haili, Yu; 7 ♂ 2 ♀, Mt. Tianzhu, Xiamen City, 220 m,. 13. VIII ‒ 10. IX. 2010, Bingbing Hu, Jing Zhang, Yinghui Sun, genitalia slide Nos. LK 15081 ♂, LK 15082 ♂, LK 15083 ♂, LK 15084 ♂, LK 15085 ♂, LK 15086 ♂, LK 15087 ♂, CPX 15031 ♀; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Tongmu Village, Mt. Wuyi, 2. V. 2014, coll. Xiaofei Yang, genitalia slide Nos. CPX 15034 ♂, LK 15088 ♂. Henan: 5 ♂ 12 ♀, Liulou, Zushi Town, Gushi County, 120 m, 11 ‒ 20. V. 1995, coll. Guangyun Yan, genitalia slide Nos. XYL 03410 ♂, CPX 15041 ♂, CPX 15042 ♀, FXM 07019 ♂, FXM 07020 ♀, XYL 03409 ♀; 1 ♀, Mt. Jigong, Xinyang City, 700 m, 9. VII. 1997, coll. Houhun Li; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Mt. Baiyun, Song County, 1500 m, 8. IX. 2000, coll. Houhun Li, Karsholt, genitalia slide No. JQ 10066 ♀; 1 ♂, Mt. Baiyun, Luoyang City, 1560 m, 23. VII. 2001, coll. Dandan Zhang; 1 ♀, Mt. Baiyun, Song County, 1580 m, 24. VII. 2002, coll. Xinpu Wang; 1 ♂, Shiziping, Lushi County, 1000 m, 30. V. 2000, coll. Meicai Wei; 1 ♀, Qihe, Lushi County, 1150 m, 30. V. 2000, coll. Meicai Wei; 1 ♀, Xiaguan, Neixiang County, 650 m, 10. VII. 1998, coll. Houhun Li; 64 ♂ 15 ♀, Baotianman, Neixiang County, 1200 m, 25. V ‒ 2. VI. 2006, coll. Jinmei Lv, Xu Zhang, genitalia slide Nos. CPX 15074 ♂, CPX 15039 ♂, JQ 10065 ♂, LK 16002 ♂, CPX 15040 ♀, CPX 15065 ♀, LK 17128 ♀, LK 17129 ♀, LK 17130 ♀, LK 17131 ♀, LK 17132 ♀; 4 ♂, Xiuwu Forest Farm, Mt. Yuntai, Jiaozuo City, 1028 m, 10 ‒ 12. VIII. 2014, coll. Peixin Cong, Sha Hu, Linjie Liu, genitalia slide No. CPX 14169. Hunan: 1 ♂, Zhangjiajie, 650 m, 17. VIII. 2001, coll. Houhun Li, Xinpu Wang, genitalia slide No. XYL 03583; 1 ♀, Cangxi Town, Xinhua County, 8. VIII. 2004, coll. Yunli Xiao. Guangxi: 1 ♀, Jinxiu County, 600 m, 24. IV. 2008, coll. Hui Zhen, Li Zhang, genitalia slide No. JQ 07383; 3 ♂ 4 ♀, Shaoping Forest Farm, Pingxiang County, 280 m, 31. III. 2012 ‒ 13. IV. 2013, coll. Xiaofei Yang, genitalia slide Nos. CPX 15054 ♂, LK 15089 ♂; 1 ♂, Milv, Nanping, Shangsi County, 770 m, 3. IV. 2002, coll. Shulian Hao, Huaijun Xue. Sichuan: 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Shuzheng, Jiuzhaigou, 2300 ‒ 2400 m, 16 ‒ 17. VIII. 2002, coll. Shulian Hao, genitalia slide Nos. CPX 15030 ♂, CPX 15061 ♀, CPX 15062 ♀; 1 ♀, Wolong, 2008 m, 26. VII. 2005, coll. Haili Yu. Chongqing: 1 ♂, Laosimianshan, Mt. Simian, 1280 m, 13. VII. 2012, coll. Yinghui Sun, Aihui Yin, genitalia slide No. LK 16006. Guizhou: 4 ♂ 8 ♀, Suoluo, Chishui City, 240 m, 21 ‒ 22. IX. 2000, coll. Haili Yu, genitalia slide Nos. CPX 15043 ♂, CPX 15044 ♂; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Huguoshi, Mt. Fanjing, 1390 m, 28 ‒ 29. V. 2002, coll. Xinpu Wang; 1 ♀, Lijiaba, Mayanghe, 700 m, 29. IX. 2007, coll. Hui Zhen, genitalia slide No. CPX 15055 ♀. Yunnan: 2 ♂, Mt. Weibao, 2205 m, 30. VII ‒ 1. VIII. 2014, coll. Wei Guan, Xiuchun Wang, Shurong Liu, genitalia slide No. CPX 15053 ♂; 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Natong Village, Bingzhongluo Country, Gongshan County, Nujiang, 1767 m, 15 ‒ 16. VI. 2017, coll. Kaijian Teng et al., genitalia slide No. LJ 17360 ♂. Shaanxi: 1 ♂, Shangdong, Ziyang County, 350 m, 21. V. 1994, coll. Jin Zhou, genitalia slide No. XYL 03437; 2 ♀, Tieyupu, Danfeng County, 680 m, 28 ‒ 29. V. 1994, coll. Jin Zhou, genitalia slide Nos. XYL 03412 ♀, CPX 15047 ♀; 1 ♀, Xunyangba, Ningshan County, 1360 m, 1. VII. 2007, coll. Haili Yu. Gansu: 4 ♂, Dangchuan Forest Farm, Tianshui City, 1331 ‒ 1342 m, 28 ‒ 29. VII. 2006, coll. Xinpu Wang, Xiangfeng Shi, genitalia slide No. CPX 15051. Distribution. China (Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Fujian, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin divulgatus, meaning widespread, referring to this species is widespread in China. Variations. This species is widely distributed in China, with minor variations. The valva is sub-rectangular or subtriangular, length varying from 2.3 to 3.4 times of maximum width; the saccus is dilated to different degrees distally (Figs 5 a ‒ 9 a); and the ductus bursae is 3 times (Fig. 11) or 4.5 times (Fig. 12) the length of the corpus bursae.	en	Lou, Kang, Li, Juan, Wang, Shuxia (2019): First report of the genus Orencostoma Moriuti (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. Zoological Systematics 44 (1): 76-83, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201902
6832E202FF86FFF4FF54FE89FE1BF95A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is similar to O. divulgatum Wang sp. nov. It can be distinguished by the semicircular sacculus, the smooth ventral plate of the gnathos, and the phallus with one cornutus in the male genitalia; the ductus bursae approximately 1.5 times of the length of the corpus bursae and the rhombic signum with dense denticles mediohorizontally in the female genitalia. In O. divulgatum Wang sp. nov., the sacculus is sub-triangular, the ventral plate of the gnathos is spinous on ventral surface, and the cornuti consist of a few relatively large spines followed by two rows of microspines; the ductus bursae is 3.0 ‒ 4.5 times the length of the corpus bursae, and the pyriform signum bears dense denticles throughtout. Description. Adult (Fig. 4) wingspan 8.0 − 10.0 mm. Vertex rough, white, mixed with pale brown between antennae; face smooth, creamy white mixed with pale brown. Antenna about 2 / 3 length of forewing, creamy white on ventral surface, dark brown annulated with creamy white on dorsal surface. Labial palpus blackish brown ventrally, white dorsally, pointed apically. Thorax and tegula creamy white, mixed with greyish brown scales. Forewing with ground color creamy white, densely covered with brown scales, forming an ill-defined blackish brown patch at middle of fold; cilia greyish white, tipped with blackish brow. Hindwing and cilia pale dim yellowish grey. Fore- and midlegs ventrally black, dorsally creamy white except tarsi blackish brown at apex of each tarsomere; hindleg creamy white, tibia with brown scales, tarsus with each tarsomere ringed with black distally. Male genitalia (Fig. 10). Uncus sub-quadrate, shallowly concave sinuate on posterior margin, produced to a short horn posterolaterally. Socius slightly widened beyond middle, then narrowed to apex, with an apical spine; dorsal margin arched, ventral margin straight. Gnathos with ventral plate short tongue shaped or triangular; lateral arms narrowed banded. Valva sub-rectangular, length 3 times of width, obliquely blunt at apex, densely setose on ventral half; costa narrow, banded; transtilla slender, more than 1 / 3 length of costa; sacculus very short, semicircular, densely setose. Saccus shorter than socius, subparallel or distally dilated elliptically. Phallus about 2.2 times length of valva, with microspines distally; cornutus being one stout spine, triangular basally. Female genitalia (Fig. 13). Intersegmental membrane between papilla analis and eighth sternum wide and short. Apophyses anteriores 5 / 6 length of apophyses posteriores, ventral branch extended to lamella postvaginalis. Lamella postvaginalis not well-defined, very narrow, more or less V shaped. Antrum columnar, uniform; ductus bursae about 1.5 times of corpus bursae, becoming thicker from basal 1 / 3 toward corpus bursae, basal 1 / 3 smooth, distal 2 / 3 densely spinuous; ductus seminalis arising from near base. Corpus bursae pyriform, with granules; signum rhombic, horizontally with dense denticles along median area. Type material. Holotype ♂, Mt. Qian, Anshan City, 5. VII. 2010, coll. Jiayu Liu, Yanpeng Cai, slide No. LK 16003. Paratypes (10 ♂ 5 ♀). Ningxia: 4 ♂ 4 ♀, Suyukou (38.5  N, 106.1  E), Mt. Helan, 2000 m, 2. VII. 2006, coll. Feng Yang, Qi He, slide Nos. CPX 15045 ♂, CPX 15064 ♂, CPX 15046 ♀, CPX 15063 ♀, LK 17133 ♀ W; 1 ♂, 3. VI. 2006, coll. Xinpu Wang et al., other data same as for holotype. Hebei: 1 ♂, Mt. Wuling, Xinglong County, 1000 m, 16. VI. 2014, coll. Shurong Liu et al., genitalia slide No. CPX 15086. Liaoning: 1 ♂, Mt. Qian, Anshan City, 5. VII. 2010, coll. Jiayu Liu, Yanpeng Cai, genitalia slide Nos. CPX 15033. Henan: 3 ♂ 1 ♀, Baotianman, Neixiang County, 1200 m, 25 ‒ 30. V. 2006, coll. Xu Zhang, Jinmei Lv, genitalia slide Nos. LK 17134 ♂, LK 17134 W ♂, LK 17129 ♀. Distribution. China (Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Ningxia). Etymology. This epithet is derived from the Latin prefix semi - and the Latin circulus, referring to the semicircular sacculus of the male genitalia. Funding This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31750002).	en	Lou, Kang, Li, Juan, Wang, Shuxia (2019): First report of the genus Orencostoma Moriuti (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. Zoological Systematics 44 (1): 76-83, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201902
6832E202FF86FFF4FF54FE89FE1BF95A.taxon	description	Acknowledgements We express our thanks to Mr. Peixin Cong for dissecting some specimens, and to those who participated in the field work.	en	Lou, Kang, Li, Juan, Wang, Shuxia (2019): First report of the genus Orencostoma Moriuti (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. Zoological Systematics 44 (1): 76-83, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201902
