identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6F58879CFFB97355D4CAFC98FF1FFB22.text	6F58879CFFB97355D4CAFC98FF1FFB22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera Macquart	<div><p>Genus Bactrocera Macquart</p><p>Bactrocera Macquart, 1835: 452 . Type species Bactrocera longicornis Macquart, 1835, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis. Abdominal tergites not fused; abdomen generally oval, rarely petiolate; scutellum triangular. Male genitalia with well developed acrophallus, praeputium patterned or unpatterned. Similar to Dacus Fabricius in general appearance but easily separated from the latter by the presence of free abdominal tergites. Subgenera Sinodacus Zia, Semicallantra Drew and Tetradacus Miyake of Bactrocera possess elongate-oval abdomens as in Dacus but can be differentiated by non fusion of abdominal tergites. Twelve subgenera are so far recorded from India.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F58879CFFB97355D4CAFC98FF1FFB22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	David, K. J.;Hancock, D. L.;Singh, Shakti Kumar;Ramani, S.;Behere, G. T.;Salini, S.	David, K. J., Hancock, D. L., Singh, Shakti Kumar, Ramani, S., Behere, G. T., Salini, S. (2017): New species, new records and updated subgeneric key of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa 4272 (3): 386-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4272.3.4
6F58879CFFB97356D4CAFAF3FA51FF7E.text	6F58879CFFB97356D4CAFAF3FA51FF7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera Macquart	<div><p>Key to Indian subgenera of Bactrocera Macquart</p><p>1. Medial postsutural vitta absent, praeputium unpatterned (Figure 2h); posterior margin of sternite V of male with deep concav- ity; epandrium usually oval/ inverted U-shaped/round in posterior view........................................... 2</p><p>- Medial postsutural vitta often present, praeputium patterned (Figure 6h); posterior margin of sternite V of male with moderate to shallow concavity or flat; epandrium sphaeropedunculate in posterior view, i.e., constriction between epandrium and sursty- lus is prominent in posterior view, if not, eversible membrane with conical projections...............................4</p><p>2. Male wing with well developed bulla (swelling adjacent to cell bcu developed above vein Cu2); anepisternal stripe broad rea- ching postpronotal lobe........................................................ Bulladacus Drew and Hancock</p><p>- Male wing without bulla; anepisternal stripe narrow, if broad never reaching postpronotal lobe........................ 3</p><p>3. Pecten absent on tergite III of males; aculeus not dorsoventrally flattened, curved.................. .. Calodacus Hancock</p><p>- Pecten present on tergite III of males; aculeus dorsoventrally flattened........................... Bactrocera Macquart</p><p>4. Postsutural supra-alar seta absent.......................................................... .. Javadacus Hardy</p><p>- Postsutural supra-alar seta present........................................................................5</p><p>5. Pecten absent on tergite III of males....................................................................... 6</p><p>- Pecten present on tergite III of males...................................................................... 7</p><p>6. Medial postsutural vitta present; one pair of scutellar setae present........................... Hemigymnodacus Hardy</p><p>- Medial postsutural vitta absent; two pairs of scutellar setae..................................... Paratridacus Shiraki</p><p>7. Oviscape bottle shaped, rounded in transverse section.......................................... Tetradacus Miyake</p><p>- Oviscape dorsoventrally flattened, not with bulbous base......................................................8</p><p>8. Praeputium pattern is restricted to the base with comb-shaped spines............................. .. Paradacus Perkins</p><p>- Praeputium pattern not restricted to the base, extends througout entire length......................................9</p><p>9. Abdomen petiolate; prescutellar acrostichal seta absent............................................. Sinodacus Zia</p><p>- Abdomen not petiolate; prescutellar acrostichal seta present...................................................10</p><p>10. Medial postsutural vitta and lateral vitta present............................................ .. Zeugodacus Hendel</p><p>- Medial postsutural vitta absent, lateral postsutural vitta present or absent.........................................11</p><p>11. Two pairs of scutellar setae; posterior lobe of surstylus as long as anterior lobe.................. Parazeugodacus Shiraki</p><p>- One pair of scutellar setae; posterior lobe of surstylus longer than anterior lobe......... .. Parasinodacus Drew and Romig</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F58879CFFB97356D4CAFAF3FA51FF7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	David, K. J.;Hancock, D. L.;Singh, Shakti Kumar;Ramani, S.;Behere, G. T.;Salini, S.	David, K. J., Hancock, D. L., Singh, Shakti Kumar, Ramani, S., Behere, G. T., Salini, S. (2017): New species, new records and updated subgeneric key of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa 4272 (3): 386-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4272.3.4
6F58879CFFBA7356D4CAFEC5FC4EFDF4.text	6F58879CFFBA7356D4CAFEC5FC4EFDF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera Macquart	<div><p>Subgenus Bactrocera Macquart</p><p>Bactrocera Macquart, 1835: 452 . Type species Bactrocera longicornis Macquart, 1835, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis. Scutum with yellow lateral postsutural vitta, medial vitta absent, costal band usually narrow, rarely overlapping vein R4+5, sternite V with deep posterior emargination. Epandrium oval in outline (posterior view); posterior lobe of surstylus not longer than anterior lobe, preaputium of glans of phallus unpatterned, subapical lobe hammer shaped and basal lobe present. Aculeus tip often pointed, with four pairs of preapical setae, distal pair longer than proximal ones. Two tightly coiled, black spermathecae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F58879CFFBA7356D4CAFEC5FC4EFDF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	David, K. J.;Hancock, D. L.;Singh, Shakti Kumar;Ramani, S.;Behere, G. T.;Salini, S.	David, K. J., Hancock, D. L., Singh, Shakti Kumar, Ramani, S., Behere, G. T., Salini, S. (2017): New species, new records and updated subgeneric key of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa 4272 (3): 386-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4272.3.4
6F58879CFFBA7357D4CAFD3DFA5CF982.text	6F58879CFFBA7357D4CAFD3DFA5CF982.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera Macquart	<div><p>Key to Indian species of subgenus Bactrocera Macquart</p><p>1. Postsutural supra-alar seta present........................................................................ 2</p><p>- Postsutural supra-alar seta absent........................................................................ 36</p><p>2. Prescutellar acrostichal seta present....................................................................... 3</p><p>- Prescutellar acrostichal seta absent....................................................................... 34</p><p>3. Wing with faint costal band, subapical band fused with radial-medial band; scutellum with broad, black, basal, triangular marking (Andaman Islands)...................................................... .. B. albistrigata (de Meijere)</p><p>- Wing with prominent costal band from cell sc to wing apex or narrowed after vein R2+3 or discontinuous before expanding slightly towards apex................................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Costal band discontinuous beyond vein R2+3 with a break or very narrowly continuous before expanding towards apex...... 5</p><p>- Costal band continuous, of almost uniform width, sometimes with an apical expansion...............................8</p><p>5. Scutum reddish brown; face with two distinct black spots..................................... B. zonata (Saunders)</p><p>- Scutum black; face with spots coalescing to form a transverse line or separate black spots............................ 6</p><p>6. Face with separate black spots, tergites III–V wholly black.................................... B. tuberculata (Bezzi)</p><p>- Face with spots coalescing to form a transverse line; tergites III–V not entirely black................................ 7</p><p>7. Abdominal tergites III–V orange brown, tergites IV and V with narrow dark lateral margins; scutellum with a narrow black basal band............................................................................ B. correcta (Bezzi)</p><p>- Abdominal tergites III–V mostly black; scutellum with a broad black basal band.................. B. penecorrecta Drew</p><p>8. Fore, mid and hindfemur fulvous.........................................................................9</p><p>- All or at least forefemur with fuscous markings............................................................. 21</p><p>9. Scutum predominantly reddish brown or brown............................................................. 10</p><p>- Scutum predominantly black............................................................................ 16</p><p>10. Scutum with dark fuscous markings or mottled due to the attachment of muscles.................................. 11</p><p>- Scutum uniformly coloured, without fuscous markings........................................................13</p><p>11. Lateral postsutural vitta uniform in width and reaching intra-alar seta...........................................12</p><p>- Lateral postsutural vitta narrowed posteriorly and ending well before intra-alar seta............... B. paraosbeckiae Drew</p><p>12. Costal band confluent with R2+3 and narrow, not broadened apically; males attracted to methyl eugenol........................................................................................ B. invadens Drew, Tsuruta and White</p><p>- Costal band weakly overlapping R2+3 and broadened apically; males attracted to cue lure (Andaman Islands)........................................................................................... B. bhutaniae Drew &amp; Romig</p><p>13. Scutellum with an apical black spot....................................................... .. B. versicolor (Bezzi)</p><p>- Scutellum without apical black spot...................................................................... 14</p><p>14. Abdominal tergites III–V black, large sized species (7.8‾ 8.3 mm)............................. B. aethriobasis (Hardy)</p><p>- Abdominal tergites III–V reddish brown, medium sized species (5‾ 6 mm)....................................... 15</p><p>15. Abdominal sternites pale orange-brown; aculeus tip acute with preapical steps or projections (Andaman Islands)....................................................................................... .. B. blairiae Drew and Romig</p><p>- Abdominal sternites fuscous to black; aculeus tip needle-like........................... B. rubigina (Wang and Zhao)</p><p>16. Lateral postsutural vitta broad (&gt; 0.15 mm).................................................................17</p><p>- Lateral postsutural vitta narrow (&lt;0.15 mm)............................................................... 18</p><p>17. Lateral postsutural vitta ending beyong intra-alar seta, ceromata black, epandrium with posterior lobe and anterior lobe of lat- eral surstylus fork shaped (lateral view) (Andaman Islands)........................... B. ranganathi Drew and Romig</p><p>- Lateral postsutural vitta ending before intra-alar seta, ceromata reddish brown, epandrium not as above, spicules of eversible membrane semicircular......................................................... B. syzygii White and Tsuruta</p><p>18. Scutum and pleural areas black, lateral postsutural vitta narrowed posteriorly; abdominal tergum III entirely dark fuscous to</p><p>black; males attracted to cue lure............................................. B. merapiensis Drew and Hancock - Scutum brownish to black, with area behind and beneath lateral postsutural vittae brown, lateral postsutural vitta of uniform width; abdominal tergum III never completely dark fuscous or black; males attracted to methyl eugenol................ 19</p><p>19. Costal band slightly overlapping vein R2+3.................................... B. verbascifoliae Drew and Hancock</p><p>- Costal band confluent with vein R2+3..................................................................... 20</p><p>20. Costal band not widening from the apex of R2+3 to extremity of wing; abominal tergites III–V reddish with a prominent T shaped mark (Andaman Islands) [some mainland specimens of B. invadens may also key here].......... B. dorsalis Hendel</p><p>- Costal band widening gradually from the apex of R2+3 to extremity of wing; abdominal tergites with dark markings on lateral regions....................................................................... .. B. paraverbascifoliae Drew</p><p>21. Scutum reddish brown................................................................................. 22</p><p>- Scutum black........................................................................................ 23</p><p>22. Costal band broad, confluent with vein R4+5, expanded into an apical spot; all femora with preapical markings (Andaman Islands)....................................................................... B. andamanensis (Kapoor)</p><p>- Costal band narrow, confluent with vein R2+3, not expanded into an apical spot; midfemur with preapical spot............................................................................................. B. psuedoversicolor Drew</p><p>23. Scutellum with an apical black spot................................................. B. apiconigroscutella Drew</p><p>- Scutellum without an apical black spot.................................................................... 24</p><p>24. Face entirely black................................................... B. nigrofemoralis White and Tsuruta</p><p>- Face with two black spots.............................................................................. 25</p><p>25. Lateral postsutural vitta ending at anterior supra-alar seta................................... B. neonigrotibialis Drew</p><p>- Lateral postsutural vitta extending beyond anterior supra-alar seta..............................................26</p><p>26. All femora with preapical dark spots (spots may be on various surfaces).........................................27</p><p>- Only forefemur/ only midfemur/ fore and hindfemur with preapical dark spots....................................30</p><p>27. Anepisternal stripe broad, almost reaching postpronotal lobe (Fig. 40); aculeus tip trilobed; males not attracted to any lures (breeds in Solanum spp.)................................................................ B. latifrons (Hendel)</p><p>- Anepisternal stripe not broad and not reaching postpronotal lobe; aculeus tip not trilobed............................ 28</p><p>28. Costal band narrow, confluent with R2+3................................................................... 29</p><p>- Costal band broad, confluent with R4+5 (Andaman Islands)................................... B. limbifera (Bezzi)</p><p>29. Aculeus tip acute, spicules of eversible membrane broad with 8–10 small projections............... B. caryeae (Kapoor)</p><p>- Aculeus tip bifid, spicules of eversible membrane conical shaped.................................. B. furcata sp. nov.</p><p>30. Only forefemur with preapical dark spot.................................................................. 31</p><p>- Fore and hindfemur with preapical dark spots............................................. B. neoarecae Drew</p><p>31. Costal band broadened towards apex and ends near the middle of cell r4+5........................................32</p><p>- Costal band of uniform width........................................................................... 33</p><p>32. Abdomen with a prominent T-shaped mark (Andaman Islands)...................... B. carambolae Drew and Hancock</p><p>- Abdomen with diffuse dark colour pattern (Andaman Islands)..................... B. melastomatos Drew and Hancock</p><p>33. Postpronotal lobe yellow; males respond to cue lure................................. .. B. vishnu Drew and Hancock</p><p>- Postpronotal lobe with dark red brown anteromedial corners; males respond to methyl eugenol.... B. amarambalensis Drew</p><p>34. Basal cells (bc and c) fuscous, costal band almost confluent with R4+5 slightly widening towards apex.......................................................................................... .. B. apicofuscans White and Tsuruta</p><p>- Basal cells (bc and c) clear; costal band overlapping R2+3 throughout its entire length but not confluent with R4+5......... 35</p><p>35. Wing with costal band broadened towards apex; males attracted to cue lure (Andaman Islands) [some specimens]....................................................................................... .. B. andamanensis (Kapoor)</p><p>- Wing with costal band either of uniform width or with a narrow section distal to the apex of R2+3 before expanding into a spot; males attracted to methyl eugenol........................................................... B. affinis (Hardy)</p><p>36. Scutum reddish brown; aculeus tip bifid.............................................. B. digressa Radhakrishnan</p><p>- Scutum black; females not known............................................... B. fastigata Tsuruta and White</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F58879CFFBA7357D4CAFD3DFA5CF982	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	David, K. J.;Hancock, D. L.;Singh, Shakti Kumar;Ramani, S.;Behere, G. T.;Salini, S.	David, K. J., Hancock, D. L., Singh, Shakti Kumar, Ramani, S., Behere, G. T., Salini, S. (2017): New species, new records and updated subgeneric key of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa 4272 (3): 386-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4272.3.4
6F58879CFFBB7351D4CAF95FFF38FD37.text	6F58879CFFBB7351D4CAF95FFF38FD37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) furcata David and Hancock	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) furcata David and Hancock, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 1a–g)</p><p>Description. Large sized, black species (8.7 mm). Frons fulvous with two frontal setae and single orbital seta, ocellar triangle black, ocellus fuscous, outer vertical seta and medial vertical seta present; occiput fuscous with a row of thin, black postocular setae; face fulvous with elongate, black spot in each antennal furrow and a medial longitudinal black band, gena fulvous with subocular spot and seta. Scape, pedicel fuscous, first flagellomere dark fuscous, combined length of pedicel and first flagellomere as long as the vertical length of face. Scutum black with narrow, yellow lateral postsutural vitta ending just before intra-alar seta. Yellow markings as follows: postpronotal lobe, notopleural lobe, narrow anepisternal stripe, as broad as notopleural lobe, continued as a small spot on katepisternum, 0.6 of katatergite; 0.9 of anatergite. Scutellum yellow with narrow, black basal band, mediotergite and subscutellum black. Chaetotaxy: 2 scapular setae, 1 anterior notopleural seta, 1 notopleural seta, 1 anepisternal seta, 1 postsutural supra-alar seta, 1 post-alar seta, 1 intra-alar seta, 1 prescutellar acrostichal seta, 1 scutellar seta. Legs: all femora with fuscous markings, 0.7 of fore and midfemur, 0.25 of hindfemur, tibia fuscous, tarsal segments fulvous. Wing (7.4 mm) predominantly hyaline with narrow costal band from cell sc to wing apex confluent with vein R2+3, extension of cell bcu longer than bcu, anal streak present. Abdomen oval, predominantly red-brown to dark brown except fulvous band on tergites I+II posteriorly and a black T-shaped marking on tergites III-V.</p><p>Female genitalia: Oviscape black (1.9 mm); eversible membrane (1.7 mm) with spicules of eversible membrane having single pointed projection, aculeus (1.4 mm) with apex forked and four pairs of preapical setae.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, INDIA, Karnataka, Sirsi, Navanegere, 14.iii. 2006, David, K. J. (UASB).</p><p>Etymology. The species name is an adjective based on the forked appearance of the aculeus tip (forked= furcata).</p><p>Remarks. Bactrocera furcata is similar to B. caryeae in having a predominantly black scutum, a similarly patterned abdomen, narrow costal band confluent with vein R2+3 and extensive femoral markings, but can be differentiated by the forked aculeus tip, spicules of eversible membrane and larger size ( B. caryeae measures less than 6 mm). Bactrocera holtmanni (Hardy), which is also a member of the B. dorsalis complex, also possesses a bifid aculues but can be differentiated by the costal band overlapping vein R2+3. Because of the extensively dark femora and face, B. furcata keys to couplet 7 in the nigrotibialis complex in the key of Drew and Romig (2016), differing from both B. nigrotibialis (Perkins) and B. bellisi Drew &amp; Romig in the shape of the postsutural vittae and costal band, paler abdomen, fulvous basal third of the fore and mid femora and, at least from B. nigrotibialis, in the bifid aculeus. Males (and lure records) are needed in order to establish the proper assignment of this species to a complex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F58879CFFBB7351D4CAF95FFF38FD37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	David, K. J.;Hancock, D. L.;Singh, Shakti Kumar;Ramani, S.;Behere, G. T.;Salini, S.	David, K. J., Hancock, D. L., Singh, Shakti Kumar, Ramani, S., Behere, G. T., Salini, S. (2017): New species, new records and updated subgeneric key of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa 4272 (3): 386-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4272.3.4
6F58879CFFBD7351D4CAFCBBFD2EF964.text	6F58879CFFBD7351D4CAFCBBFD2EF964.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) aethriobasis (Hardy) Hardy	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) aethriobasis (Hardy)</p><p>(Figures 2a–h)</p><p>Dacus aethriobasis Hardy, 1973: 30 .</p><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) aethriobasis —Norrbom et al., 1999: 87; Drew and Romig, 2013.</p><p>Diagnosis. Large sized (7.8̄ 8.3 mm), reddish brown species. Face fulvous with circular, black spot in each antennal furrow, scutum reddish brown, with broad, yellow lateral postsutural vitta of uniform width ending beyond intra-alar seta, medial vitta lacking, anepisternal stripe broad reaching anterior notopleural seta, continued as a transverse spot on katepisternum, scutellum yellow with narrow, black basal band, mediotergite and subscutellum red-brown medially and black laterally. All femora fulvous without fuscous markings, tibia, tarsal segments fulvous. Wing (6.9̄ 7.3 mm) predominantly hyaline, cell bc and c hyaline, narrow costal band from cell sc to wing apex confluent with vein R2+3, faint beyond the vein, extension of cell bcu longer than bcu, anal streak present. Abdomen oval, all tergites black, except fulvous tergites I+II, tergites IIĪV with submedial orange-red patches, tergite III with pecten, sternite V of male with a deep posterior emargination.</p><p>Male genitalia: Epandrium and surstyli elongate-oval in outline (posterior view), epandrium as long as lateral surstylus in profile; posterior lobe of surstylus blunt, as long as anterior lobe. Proctiger membraneous, quadrate, smaller than epandrium. Medial surstylus longer than lateral surstylus, tapering towards apex with a pair of thick prensisetae. Aedeagus 4.2¯ 4.5 mm long excluding glans (0.47 mm); 0.75 of glans sclerotised with well developed acrophallus, unpatterned praeputium; subapical lobe and basal lobe present.</p><p>Material examined. 6♂♂, INDIA, Meghalaya, Umiam, ICAR ̄NEH, G.T. Behere (NBAIR)</p><p>Male parapheromone. Methyl eugenol.</p><p>Host plant. Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) (Drew and Romig, 2013).</p><p>Known distribution. Thailand, Bhutan, Southern Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia (Drew and Romig, 2013)</p><p>Remarks. Bactrocera aethriobasis is similar to B. versicolor and B. affinis in possessing a reddish brown scutum and narrow costal band but can be differentiated by its black abdominal tergites IIĪV and a broad anepisternal stripe reaching anterior notopleural seta.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F58879CFFBD7351D4CAFCBBFD2EF964	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	David, K. J.;Hancock, D. L.;Singh, Shakti Kumar;Ramani, S.;Behere, G. T.;Salini, S.	David, K. J., Hancock, D. L., Singh, Shakti Kumar, Ramani, S., Behere, G. T., Salini, S. (2017): New species, new records and updated subgeneric key of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa 4272 (3): 386-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4272.3.4
6F58879CFFBD735CD4CAF8ACFE76FE36.text	6F58879CFFBD735CD4CAF8ACFE76FE36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) rubigina (Wang and Zhao) Wang and Zhao	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) rubigina (Wang and Zhao)</p><p>(Figures 3a ̄h)</p><p>Dacus rubiginus Wang and Zhao, 1989: 211 .</p><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) rubigina —Norrbom et al., 1999: 95.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized (5.89̄ 6.02 mm), reddish brown species. Face fulvous with elongate, black spot in each antennal furrow, scutum reddish brown, with broad, yellow lateral postsutural vitta tapering posteriorly and ending at intra-alar seta, medial postsutural vitta lacking, anepisternal stripe reaching midway between anterior notopleural seta and notopleural lobe, continued as small transverse spot on katepisternum, scutellum yellow with narrow, black basal band, mediotergite and subscutellum red-brown. All femora fulvous without fuscous markings, tibia slight fuscous, tarsal segments fulvous. Wing (5.2̄ 5.4 mm) predominantly hyaline, cell bc and c hyaline, narrow costal band from cell sc to wing apex overlapping vein R2+3, expanded slightly towards apex, extension of cell bcu longer than bcu, anal streak present. Abdomen, oval, tergites I+II fulvous with a narrow transverse band on tergite II, tergites IIĪV red-brown except for a narrow transverse band on tergite III and a narrow, medial longitudinal vitta on tergites IIĪV, tergite III with pecten, sternite V of male with a deep posterior emargination.</p><p>Male genitalia: Epandrium and surstyli inverted U-shaped (posterior view), epandrium shorter than lateral surstylus, lateral surstylus broad (0.1 mm), posterior lobe of surstylus blunt, curved back, not longer than anterior lobe. Proctiger membraneous, triangular, smaller than epandrium. Medial surstylus longer than lateral surstylus, tapering towards apex with a pair of thick prensisetae. Aedeagus 1.9¯ 2.1 mm long excluding glans (0.38 mm); 0.75 of glans sclerotised with well developed acrophallus, unpatterned praeputium; subapical lobe and basal lobe present.</p><p>Material examined. 30♂♂, INDIA, Tripura, Agartala, Attur farm, 10.iii.2016, Sunil Joshi. (NBAIR).</p><p>Male parapheromone. Cue lure.</p><p>Host plants. Litsea verticillata (Lauraceae) (Liang et al., 1993).</p><p>Known distribution. China, Bhutan, Thailand and Northern Veitnam (Drew and Romig, 2013)</p><p>Remarks. Bactrocera rubigina is similar to B. blairiae and B. bhutaniae in possessing reddish brown scutum, abdomen and narrow costal band. It can be differentiated from B. blairiae by tapering lateral postsutural vitta and costal band overlapping vein R2+3; from B. bhutaniae by the absence of dark scutal patterns and lateral postsutural vitta tapering posteriorly.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F58879CFFBD735CD4CAF8ACFE76FE36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	David, K. J.;Hancock, D. L.;Singh, Shakti Kumar;Ramani, S.;Behere, G. T.;Salini, S.	David, K. J., Hancock, D. L., Singh, Shakti Kumar, Ramani, S., Behere, G. T., Salini, S. (2017): New species, new records and updated subgeneric key of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa 4272 (3): 386-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4272.3.4
6F58879CFFB0735CD4CAFDFFFE6CF925.text	6F58879CFFB0735CD4CAFDFFFE6CF925.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) syzygii White and Tsuruta	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) syzygii White and Tsuruta</p><p>(Figures 4a ̄k)</p><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) syzygii White and Tsuruta in Tsuruta and White, 2001: 85 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, black species (5.2̄ 5.7 mm), face fulvous with small, circular black spot in each antennal furrow, scutum black with broad (&gt; 0.15 mm), yellow lateral postsutural vitta ending at intra-alar seta, without medial postsutural vitta, anepisternal stripe slightly broader than notopleuron, reaching midway between notopleuron and anterior notopleural seta, continued as a small spot on katepisternum, scutellum yellow with narrow, black basal band and a pair of scutellar setae, mediotergite and subscutellum black. All femora fulvous without fuscous markings, tibia fuscous, tarsal segments fulvous. Wing (4.5̄ 4.8 mm) predominantly hyaline with narrow costal band from cell bc to wing apex confluent with vein R2+3, extension of cell bcu longer than bcu, anal streak present. Abdomen oval, predominantly red-brown except broad fulvous band on tergites I+II posteriorly, a black T-shaped marking on tergites III-V and tergite III broadly fuscous laterally.</p><p>Male genitalia: Epandrium and surstyli elongate-oval in outline (posterior view), epandrium longer than lateral surstylus in profile, posterior lobe of surstylus blunt, not longer than anterior lobe. Proctiger membraneous, quadrate, smaller than epandrium. Medial surstylus longer than lateral surstylus, tapering towards apex with a pair of thick prensisetae. Aedeagus short, 1.5 mm long excluding glans (0.26 mm); 0.75 of glans sclerotised with well developed acrophallus and unpatterned praeputium; subapical lobe and basal lobe present.</p><p>Female genitalia: Oviscape black (0.7 mm); eversible membrane (0.9 mm) with spicules of eversible membrane semicircular without any projections, aculeus (1.01 mm) with apex acute and four pairs of preapical setae; two black, highly convoluted berry shaped spermathecae.</p><p>Material examined. 12 ♂♂, INDIA, Kerala, Kollam, Thalavoor, 31. iv. 2011, David, K. J. ; 1♂, INDIA, Kerala, Konni, Aruvipuram, 0 6. iv. 2015, T. Sivakumar ; 1♀, INDIA, Kerala, Konni, Aruvipuram, 0 6. iv. 2015, T. Sivakumar ; 1♀, INDIA, Kerala, Kollam, Thalavoor, 31. iv. 2011, Salini, S. ; INDIA, Tamil Nadu, Dindigul, Thandikudi, 0 1. ix. 2012., David, K. J. (NBAIR).</p><p>Male parapheromone. Not known.</p><p>Host plants. Fruits of Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. and Perry (Myrtaceae) .</p><p>Known distribution. Sri Lanka</p><p>Remarks. Bactrocera syzygii is similar to B. paraverbascifoliae Drew in possessing a black scutum with lateral postsutural vitta and all femora fulvous but can be differentiated by the presence of a broad postsutural vitta (&gt; 0.15mm) and shorter aedeagus (1.5 mm). It is unique in possessing semicircular shaped spicules on distal end of eversible membrane and short oviscape (0.7 mm). It was originally described from Sri Lanka and is recorded for the first time from India.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F58879CFFB0735CD4CAFDFFFE6CF925	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	David, K. J.;Hancock, D. L.;Singh, Shakti Kumar;Ramani, S.;Behere, G. T.;Salini, S.	David, K. J., Hancock, D. L., Singh, Shakti Kumar, Ramani, S., Behere, G. T., Salini, S. (2017): New species, new records and updated subgeneric key of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa 4272 (3): 386-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4272.3.4
6F58879CFFB0735FD4CAF8F3FC6DFEFD.text	6F58879CFFB0735FD4CAF8F3FC6DFEFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tuberculata (Bezzi) Bezzi	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tuberculata (Bezzi)</p><p>(Figures 5a ̄h)</p><p>Chaetodacus tuberculatus Bezzi, 1916: 106 .</p><p>Dacus (Strumeta) tuberculatus (Bezzi) — Hardy, 1973: 50. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tuberculata —Norrbom et al., 1999: 96.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, black species (6.00̄ 6.26 mm). Face fulvous with circular, black spot in each antennal furrow, scutum black with broad (&gt; 0.15 mm), yellow lateral postsutural vitta ending just beyond intra-alar seta, broad anepisternal stripe reaching anterior notopleural seta, continued as a small transverse spot on katepisternum, scutellum yellow with narrow, black basal band and a pair of scutellar setae, mediotergite and subscutellum black.</p><p>All femora fulvous without any markings, tibiae and tarsal segments fulvous. Wing (5.2̄ 5.5 mm) predominantly hyaline with narrow costal band from cell sc to wing to r1 discontinued beyond the cell and an apical spot, extension of cell bcu longer than bcu, anal streak well developed. Abdomen oval, tergites black except for fulvous transverse band on tergites I+II, pecten present on tergite III, sternite V of male with a deep posterior emargination. Male genitalia: Epandrium and surstyli elongate-oval in outline (posterior view); epandrium slightly longer than lateral surstylus in profile, posterior lobe of surstylus broad, not longer than anterior lobe; ventral rim of lateral surstylus 3̄4 times longer than dorsal rim. Proctiger membraneous, quadrate, smaller than epandrium. Medial surstylus longer than lateral surstylus, tapering towards apex with a pair of thick prensisetae. Aedeagus 2.0 mm long excluding glans (0.40 mm); 0.75 of glans sclerotised with well developed acrophallus, unpatterned praeputium; subapical lobe and basal lobe present.</p><p>Male parapheromone. Methyl eugenol.</p><p>Host plants. Recorded from eight plant families (Drew and Romig, 2013).</p><p>Material examined. 4♂♂, INDIA, Meghalaya, Umiam, ICAR-NEH, G. T. Behre (NBAIR)</p><p>Known distribution. Myanmar, Bhutan, China, Thailand, Souhern Vietnam and Northern Vietnam</p><p>Remarks. Bactrocera tuberculata is similar to B. correcta and its allies in possessing an interrupted costal band but can be differentiated by the black abdominal tergites III to V.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F58879CFFB0735FD4CAF8F3FC6DFEFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	David, K. J.;Hancock, D. L.;Singh, Shakti Kumar;Ramani, S.;Behere, G. T.;Salini, S.	David, K. J., Hancock, D. L., Singh, Shakti Kumar, Ramani, S., Behere, G. T., Salini, S. (2017): New species, new records and updated subgeneric key of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa 4272 (3): 386-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4272.3.4
6F58879CFFB37358D4CAFCE4FDEFFF4C.text	6F58879CFFB37358D4CAFCE4FDEFFF4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Sinodacus) brevipunctata David and Hancock	<div><p>Bactrocera (Sinodacus) brevipunctata David and Hancock, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 6a ̄h)</p><p>Description. Large sized (6.9̄ 7.5 mm), reddish brown species. Frons fulvous with three frontal setae (first two pairs closely placed) and single orbital seta, ocellar triangle black, ocellus fuscous, outer vertical seta and medial vertical seta present; occiput fuscous with a row of thin, black postocular setae; face fulvous with a transverse black band above oral margin, separate black spots in each antennal furrow, gena fulvous with faint, subocular marking and seta. Scape, pedicel fuscous, first flagellomere dark fuscous, combined length of pedicel and first flagellomere as long as the vertical length of face. Scutum reddish brown with narrow, yellow lateral postsutural vitta tapering posteriorly to end before intra-alar seta and a narrow medial postsutural vitta. Yellow markings as follows: postpronotal lobe, base of transverse suture, apical part of notopleural lobe, anepisternal stripe reaching midway between anterior notopleural seta and notopleural lobe, continued as a broad, transverse spot on katepisternum, 0.7 of katatergite; 0.9 of anatergite. Scutellum yellow, mediotergite and subscutellum brown. Chaetotaxy: 2 scapular setae, 1 anterior notopleural seta, 1 notopleural seta, 1 anepisternal seta, 1 anepimeral seta; 1 postsutural supra-alar seta, 1 post-alar seta, 1 intra-alar seta, 1 scutellar seta. Legs: forefemur fully fuscous, 0.25 of mid and hindfemur fuscous, tibia fuscous, tarsal segments fulvous. Wing (6.1̄ 6.5 mm) predominantly hyaline, cells bc and c fuscous, broad costal band from cell sc to wing apex confluent with vein R4+5 expanded apically to form a large spot extending basally to apices of vein R2+3 and dm-cu crossvein, extension of cell bcu longer than bcu, anal streak well developed. Abdomen petiolate, all tergites reddish brown, except fulvous posterior margin of tergites I+II, broad transverse black band on tergite III and a longitudinal black vitta on tegites IIĪV, males with pecten on tergite III, sternite V of male with a shallow/ flat posterior emargination.</p><p>Male genitalia: Epandrium slightly shorter than lateral surstylus, well sclerotised, as high as long, triangular shaped, hyaline setose proctiger, posterior lobe of surstylus 10¯12 times longer than anterior lobe; medial surstylus as long as lateral surstylus. Epandrium distinctly sphaeropedunculate in outline (posterior view). Aedeagus 3.0 mm long, excluding glans (0.43 mm); glans sclerotised with well developed acrophallus and patterned praeputium (triangular); trumpet-shaped subapical lobe and short basal lobe present.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂, INDIA, Maharashtra, Konkan region, September 2012, H. R. Sawai ; Paratypes 4♂♂, same data as holotype (NBAIR) .</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is based on the narrow (=brevis) presutural spot (=punctum) on the scutum.</p><p>Male parapheromone. Cue lure.</p><p>Host plants. Not known/ recorded.</p><p>Remarks. Bactrocera brevipunctata is very similar to B. hochii in general scutal, abdominal and wing pattern but can be differentiated by the reduced presutural spots, larger fuscous apical spot on the wing (reaching apices of vein R2+3 and dm-cu crossvein basally) and extensive fuscous areas of all femora. It keys to couplet 6 in subgenus Sinodacus in the key of Drew and Romig (2016), differing from both B. infesta (Enderlein) and B. hochii (Zia) in the broader apical spot on the wing.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F58879CFFB37358D4CAFCE4FDEFFF4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	David, K. J.;Hancock, D. L.;Singh, Shakti Kumar;Ramani, S.;Behere, G. T.;Salini, S.	David, K. J., Hancock, D. L., Singh, Shakti Kumar, Ramani, S., Behere, G. T., Salini, S. (2017): New species, new records and updated subgeneric key of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa 4272 (3): 386-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4272.3.4
6F58879CFFB3735FD4CAFE45FB9DFD5F.text	6F58879CFFB3735FD4CAFE45FB9DFD5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinodacus Zia	<div><p>Subgenus Sinodacus Zia</p><p>Sinodacus Zia, 1936: 157 . Type species Sinodacus hochii Zia, 1936, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. Posterior lobe of susrtylus long, abdominal sternite V of male slightly concave on posterior margin, pecten present on abdominal tergite III of male, postpronotal lobe with seta absent, postsutural supra-alar seta present, prescutellar acrostichal seta absent, one pair of scutellar setae present, medial postsutural vittta present. This subgenus is recorded for the first time from India and a new species is described.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F58879CFFB3735FD4CAFE45FB9DFD5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	David, K. J.;Hancock, D. L.;Singh, Shakti Kumar;Ramani, S.;Behere, G. T.;Salini, S.	David, K. J., Hancock, D. L., Singh, Shakti Kumar, Ramani, S., Behere, G. T., Salini, S. (2017): New species, new records and updated subgeneric key of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa 4272 (3): 386-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4272.3.4
