taxonID	type	description	language	source
6F703379F939FF980F53FD4BFDCEE3C3.taxon	description	(Fig. 3 A, B) DESCRIPTION Thallus fruticose, with protuberances 2898 - 3017 µm in length and 826 - 1391 µm in diameter. Thallus monomerous, non-coaxial, cell fusions present both in the VC and PF. Cells of the VC measure 16 to 18 µm in length and 8 to 11 µm in diameter (Table 1). Cells of the PF 8 to 15 µm in length and 8 to 10 µm in diameter (Table 1), squarish to rectangular in shape. Conceptacles not observed.	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F939FF980F53FD4BFDCEE3C3.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The vegetative anatomy of the described specimens resembles to some extent to that of Lithothamnion valens Foslie (1909) in having large branched thallus, presence of zonation in the PF and numerous and multiple cell fusions (Basso et al. 1997). However, owing to absence of conceptacles, this form is only tentatively assignable to the genus Lithothamnion. Lithothamnion valens is one of the most common species of non-geniculate corallines identified in the Austrian Leitha Limestone (Basso et al. 2008). This species commonly shows a free-living, branching growthform and is endemic in present day Mediterranean Sea. Moussavian (1984) reported its oldest occurrence from the Priabonian of Northern Calcareous Alps. During lower to middle Miocene L. valens was distributed from Iraq to the Tertiary Piedmont Basin. However, the species was restricted to the Mediterranean region starting from the upper Miocene (Basso et al. 1997).	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F939FF970DF9F8CFFA62E2A2.taxon	description	(Fig. 3 F)	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F939FF970DF9F8CFFA62E2A2.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Protuberances with a lumpy growth form. Thallus monomerous with presence of cell fusions in both VC and PF. The VC is coaxial (Fig. 3 F) and the cells of VC measure 14 - 20 µm in length and 8 - 12 µm in diameter. The cells of PF measuring 14 - 31 µm in length and 8 - 28 µm in diameter. Multiporate conceptacles are flat, 229 - 235 µm in diameter and 71 - 96 µm in height (Table 1).	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F939FF970DF9F8CFFA62E2A2.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The features of thallus organization, growth form, anatomical features and nature of conceptacles are consistent with the description of Mesophyllum roveretoi provided by Basso et al. (2008) from the Miocene “ Lithothamnium Limestone ” of northern Croatia. The taxon stratigraphically ranges from the upper Eocene to the middle Miocene (Conti 1946; Fravega et al. 1987) (Table 2).	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F937FF960ECDFECAFCC7E1A0.taxon	description	(Fig. 4 A, B)	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F937FF960ECDFECAFCC7E1A0.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Encrusting growth form, forming either single thallus or multiple overgrowth, primigenous filaments composed of large vertically elongated cells forming unistratose layers, thallus dimerous, cells of the VC measuring 12 to 18 µm in length and 22 to 38 µm in diameter, postigenous filaments arise from the primigenous filaments and mostly occur around the conceptacles. Cells of the postigenous filaments measure 16 to 32 µm in length and 8 to 20 µm in diameter. Conceptacles are uniporate, measuring 174 to 400 µm in diameter and 71 to 140 µm in height (Table 1).	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F937FF960ECDFECAFCC7E1A0.taxon	discussion	REMARKS According to Woelkerling (1988) the status of most of the species of Lithoporella is uncertain, though Lithoporella melobesioides has been described as fossils from the Palaeogene and Neogene sediments from different parts of the world. Our observations confirm the description provided byRasser & Piller (1999) for the late Eocene material of the Austrian Molasse zone. The earliest record of the taxon is from the late Jurassic (Aguirre et al. 2000). In India, Lithoporella melobesioides has been recorded earlier from the late Eocene (Sarma et al. 2014), Miocene to Holocene (Kundal et al. 2011, 2016) (Table 2).	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F937FF960DACFE2AFA60E060.taxon	description	(Fig. 4 D, E)	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F937FF960DACFE2AFA60E060.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Thallus encrusting, monomerous; non-coaxial VC, cells of the VC measure 16 to 24 µm in length and 12 to 18 µm in diameter. Cells of PF irregularly arranged with variable shapes that measure 12 to 22 µm in length and 8 to 18 µm in diameter. Epithallial cells flattened to round, measuring 5 to 7 µm long and 8 to 14 µm in diameter. Cell fusions are present both in the PF and VC (Table 1). Uniporate conceptacles raised above the thallus surface, cell linings in the pore canals more or less parallel to the roof of the conceptacle.	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F937FF960DACFE2AFA60E060.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The specimens resemble the material described from the middle Miocene of Gârbova de Sus Formation, Transylvanian Basin, Romania (Chelaru & Bucur 2016). Spongites fruticulosus Kützing stratigraphically ranges from the Oligocene to Recent (Chelaru & Bucur 2016 and references therein). This species is widespread in the Mediterranean Sea as a rhodolith-forming coralline alga (Basso & Rodondi 2006) (Table 2).	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F937FF950D55FA6EFA70E2A2.taxon	description	(Fig. 4 F)	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F937FF950D55FA6EFA70E2A2.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Encrusting growth form, thallus dimerous, dorsiventral. Cells of VC 12 to 18 µm in length and 8 to 15 µm in diameter, palisade-like. Cells of PF are more or less squarish to rectangular, measuring 7 to 18 µm in length and 8 to 16 µm in diameter. Cell fusions occurring both in VC and PF. Epithallial cells are poorly preserved. Conceptacles uniporate, rose above the thallus surface, with chambers appearing hemispherical to elongated in section. Conceptacle chambers measure 110 to 140 µm in diameter and 72 to 94 µm in height (Table 1).	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F937FF950D55FA6EFA70E2A2.taxon	discussion	REMARKS This non-endophytic species of Titanoderma shows the growthform, size and shape of the conceptacle chamber and pore canal, conceptacle roof and thickness of the thallus that resemble Titanoderma pustulatum, as described by previous authors (Chamberlain & Irvine 1994; Harvey et al. 2009; Van Der Merwe & Maneveldt 2015). The oldest record of T. pustulatum is from the early Oligocene of Iran (Basso et al. 2019) (Table 2).	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F932FF900DFBFB69FCC7E061.taxon	description	(Fig. 5 D) DESCRIPTION Encrusting to warty growth form, thallus monomerous, dorsiventral, non-coaxial VC. The cells of VC are rectangular in shape that measure 8 to 16 µm in length and 3 to 8 µm in diameter. Cells of PF are more or less squarish with no distinct zonation, 5 to 12 µm in length and 4 to 10 µm in diameter. Cell fusions present. Epithallial cells and trichocytes are indiscernible. Sporangia elliptical, formed within calcified compartments and grouped into sori. Each sporangium measures 80 to 120 µm in height and 35 to 48 µm in diameter (Table 1).	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F932FF900DFBFB69FCC7E061.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The specimen is comparable to Sporolithon airoldii described from the lower Oligocene of NW Iran (Basso et al. 2019) in having small size of the vegetative cells and other anatomical features, but the maximum length of the sporangia exceeds that of the specimens described by Basso et al. (2019) as well as the type material of S. airoldii. Vannucci et al. (2010) re-described S. airoldii from the upper Rupelian-Chattian of Sassello while re-assessing Airoldi’s (1932) specimens. Sporolithon airoldii was recorded earlier from the Oligocene of Molare Formation of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin, NW Italy (Vannucci et al. 2010), from the lower and middle Rupelian of Prasco and Ovrano, Alessandria (Mastrorilli 1968), Val Lemme, Carrosio, Alessandria (Fravega et al. 1988), from the upper Rupelian to Chattian of Sassello, Savona (Airoldi 1932; Fravega et al. 1987), from the upper Burdigalian to Serravallian of St. Florent, N. Corsica and Bonifacio, Cala de Labra, S. Corsica (Mastrorilli in Bellini & Mastrorilli 1975) and from the lower Oligocene of NW Iran (Basso et al. 2019).	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F931FF900EA2FAE9FB82E1A1.taxon	description	(Fig. 5 E, F)	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F931FF900EA2FAE9FB82E1A1.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Lumpy to protuberant thallus, VC filaments indiscernible. The peripheral filaments (PF) show horizontal layers of elliptical cells. Cell fusions are present in the PF, the cells of PF measure 14 to 26 µm in length and 10 to 12 µm in diameter. Sporangia grouped in sori, individual sporangia measuring 30 to 36 µm in diameter and 59 to 68 µm in height (Table 1).	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
6F703379F931FF900EA2FAE9FB82E1A1.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Vannucci et al. (2000) revised and re-documented this species of Sporolithon and transferred Airoldi’s (1932) Archaeolithothamnium praeerythraeum under the genus Sporolithon with a new combination. The species has been identified from the late Eocene to early Oligocene of Italy and Bulgaria (Francavilla et al. 1970; Bakalova 1983). The overall thallus organization, shape and size of the sporangia and the arrangement of the sporangia are closely comparable to the middle Miocene specimens recorded by Vannucci et al. (2000) and Chelaru & Bucur (2016).	en	Dey, Rikee, Basso, Daniela, Chakraborty, Arindam, Roy, Lopamudra, Bhaumik, Ajoy Kumar, Ghosh, Amit K. (2023): Rhodolith-forming coralline red algae in the CaCO biofactory - A case study from the Serravallian of tropical northeastern Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22 (26): 541-567, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a26
