taxonID	type	description	language	source
3C656A323BDC5D57A359175EE0BFD491.taxon	description	Figs 2, 3	en	Rabarijaona, Romer Narindra, Rafaralahy, Valisoa Louisicael, Rakotovao, Charles, Ranaivoson, Rindra Manasoa, Liu, Bing, Chen, Zhi-Duan, Wen, Jun, Lu, Li-Min (2021): Cyphostemma calcarium, a new species of Vitaceae from the Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar. PhytoKeys 180: 73-80, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.69194, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.69194
3C656A323BDC5D57A359175EE0BFD491.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cyphostemma calcarium is most closely comparable to C. rutilans Desc. in morphology. It differs from the latter in having distinct pubescent branches (vs. branches entirely glabrous in C. rutilans); leaves minutely puberulous and shiny on the adaxial surface, abaxial surface densely whitish pubescent to velvety particularly on the veins (vs. leaves entirely glabrous and shiny on both sides in C. rutilans); and leaflets broadly oblong or elliptic, base cuneate (vs. leaflets narrowly ovate, base subcordate in C. rutilans). Seeds of C. calcarium are ellipsoid in outline, 7 - 7.5 x 3 - 3.5 mm, surface rugose to + / - muricate (vs. seeds globose, 5 - 6.5 mm in diameter, surface strongly rugose in C. rutilans).	en	Rabarijaona, Romer Narindra, Rafaralahy, Valisoa Louisicael, Rakotovao, Charles, Ranaivoson, Rindra Manasoa, Liu, Bing, Chen, Zhi-Duan, Wen, Jun, Lu, Li-Min (2021): Cyphostemma calcarium, a new species of Vitaceae from the Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar. PhytoKeys 180: 73-80, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.69194, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.69194
3C656A323BDC5D57A359175EE0BFD491.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Madagascar. Antsiranana: Diana, Ankarana Special Reserve, Tsingy Rary, 12 ° 56 ' 24.00 " S, 49 ° 07 ' 04 " E, 97 m, 16 May 2013, Rakotovao C. et al. 6376 (holotype: TAN!).	en	Rabarijaona, Romer Narindra, Rafaralahy, Valisoa Louisicael, Rakotovao, Charles, Ranaivoson, Rindra Manasoa, Liu, Bing, Chen, Zhi-Duan, Wen, Jun, Lu, Li-Min (2021): Cyphostemma calcarium, a new species of Vitaceae from the Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar. PhytoKeys 180: 73-80, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.69194, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.69194
3C656A323BDC5D57A359175EE0BFD491.taxon	description	Description. Succulent erect shrub, up to 2 m tall. Old stems swollen, succulent; bark smooth, lenticellate; branches brown to reddish, shortly pubescent. Tendrils absent. Stipules triangular to + / - falcate, 4 - 5 x 1.5 - 2.5 mm, soon caducous. Leaves 3 - foliolate, central leaflet often drooping, somewhat thick and fleshy when fresh, becoming coriaceous when dry, usually folded upwards along the midrib; leaflets 3 - 5 x 1.5 - 2.5 cm, broadly oblong or elliptic, base cuneate, rounded to obtuse at the apex, margin shallowly denticulate; minutely puberulous and shiny on the adaxial surface, abaxial surface densely whitish pubescent to velvety particularly on the veins; venation closely reticulate, prominent. Petioles 1.5 - 2.5 cm long. Petiolules equal, up to 1 cm long. Inflorescence a compound dichasium, terminal, ca. 7.5 cm long, very shortly pubescent; bracts inconspicuous; pedicels 2 - 4 mm. Floral buds + / - 2.5 mm long, minutely puberulous or glabrescent; sepals + / - 0.5 mm long; petals reddish; stamens 4, filaments cylindrical, ca. 2.2 mm long, anthers ca. 0.8 mm long; ovary glabrous, styles + / - 2.5 mm long. Fruits ellipsoid, 9 - 12 x 5 - 7 mm, glabrous. Seeds broadly ellipsoid, 7 - 7.5 x 3 - 3.5 mm, rugose; base rostrate; beak conspicuous; apex revolute; rugae apex shallowly conspicuous on both surfaces; chalaza linear, sinuate, up to 6 mm long (ca. 6 / 7 of seed length); ventral ridge raised, elongate but widened in the middle, extending up to 6 / 7 of seed length; endosperm m-shaped in cross-section.	en	Rabarijaona, Romer Narindra, Rafaralahy, Valisoa Louisicael, Rakotovao, Charles, Ranaivoson, Rindra Manasoa, Liu, Bing, Chen, Zhi-Duan, Wen, Jun, Lu, Li-Min (2021): Cyphostemma calcarium, a new species of Vitaceae from the Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar. PhytoKeys 180: 73-80, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.69194, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.69194
3C656A323BDC5D57A359175EE0BFD491.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet of the species refers to the habitats on limestone outcrops.	en	Rabarijaona, Romer Narindra, Rafaralahy, Valisoa Louisicael, Rakotovao, Charles, Ranaivoson, Rindra Manasoa, Liu, Bing, Chen, Zhi-Duan, Wen, Jun, Lu, Li-Min (2021): Cyphostemma calcarium, a new species of Vitaceae from the Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar. PhytoKeys 180: 73-80, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.69194, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.69194
3C656A323BDC5D57A359175EE0BFD491.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. It grows on limestone outcrops in northern Madagascar at an altitude of 90 - 300 m. (Fig. 1)	en	Rabarijaona, Romer Narindra, Rafaralahy, Valisoa Louisicael, Rakotovao, Charles, Ranaivoson, Rindra Manasoa, Liu, Bing, Chen, Zhi-Duan, Wen, Jun, Lu, Li-Min (2021): Cyphostemma calcarium, a new species of Vitaceae from the Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar. PhytoKeys 180: 73-80, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.69194, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.69194
