identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6E43B670FFDBF85B74E2F4C8D2EFF8ED.text	6E43B670FFDBF85B74E2F4C8D2EFF8ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyleutes Hubner 1820	<div><p>Key to the world species of Xyleutes</p> <p>(based on the external features, the males genitalia of species in this genus differ very little)</p> <p>1. Thorax from above partially or completely covered with floury-white scales (Figs 1A–B, 2A, D–F).................... 2</p> <p>- Thorax from above completely covered with black scales (Fig. 1C).......................... X. strix (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>2. Thorax from above completely covered floury-white scales (Figs. 1A–B)......................................... 3</p> <p>- Tegulae and patagia floury-white, thorax brown from above (Figs 2A, D–F)................................................................................................ X. ramamurthyi Yakovlev &amp; Sankararaman, sp. nov.</p> <p>3. White pattern on fore wing developed along hind margin and at the apex (Fig. 1B)........ X. personus (Le Guillou, 1841)</p> <p>- White pattern on fore wing developed along hind margin, discally and throughout marginal area (Fig. 1A)............................................................................................... X. keyensis Strand, 1919</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E43B670FFDBF85B74E2F4C8D2EFF8ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yakovlev, Roman V.;Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan;Balaji, Rajasekaran Krishna;Balakrishnan, Valappil	Yakovlev, Roman V., Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan, Balaji, Rajasekaran Krishna, Balakrishnan, Valappil (2021): A world catalogue of Xyleutes Hübner, 1820 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae) with description of a new species from the Western Ghats of India. Zootaxa 5040 (4): 565-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.6
6E43B670FFDBF85B74E2F41BD320FA8E.text	6E43B670FFDBF85B74E2F41BD320FA8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyleutes Hubner 1820	<div><p>Genus Xyleutes Hübner, 1820</p> <p>Type species: Phalaena strix Linnaeus, 1758 (by subsequent designation by Kirby 1897: 144)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E43B670FFDBF85B74E2F41BD320FA8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yakovlev, Roman V.;Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan;Balaji, Rajasekaran Krishna;Balakrishnan, Valappil	Yakovlev, Roman V., Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan, Balaji, Rajasekaran Krishna, Balakrishnan, Valappil (2021): A world catalogue of Xyleutes Hübner, 1820 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae) with description of a new species from the Western Ghats of India. Zootaxa 5040 (4): 565-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.6
6E43B670FFD8F85874E2F19AD53AF9D0.text	6E43B670FFD8F85874E2F19AD53AF9D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyleutes ramamurthyi Yakovlev & Sankararaman & Balaji & Balakrishnan 2021	<div><p>Xyleutes ramamurthyi Yakovlev &amp; Sankararaman, sp. nov.</p> <p>LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 78FF2A1D-8657-4ADA-B98B-4FCBC900166F</p> <p>(Fig 2)</p> <p>Type material: Holotype ♂, [INDIA] Kerala, Malappuram, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.10839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.364445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.10839/lat 11.364445)">Thottapally</a>, 11°21′52.0″ N, 76°06′30.20″ E, 10.ii.2019, Valappil Balakrishnan &amp; Sankararaman. H. leg., light trap (UASB). Paratypes: [India] 2 ♂, Kerala, Malappuram, T.K. colony, 11°14′04.60′′ N, 76°23′19.70′′ E, 25.xii.2020, Valappil Balakrishnan. leg., light trap (EDAU).</p> <p>Diagnosis. This new species is the smallest representative of the genus (males of the previously known species are always bigger than 100 mm in the wingspan); there is a white spot on the fore wing between CuA 2 and CuP (discally); the angle between the upper and lower margins of the valva is distinctly expressed.</p> <p>Description. MALE. Fore wing length 28–30 mm; wingspan 62–64 mm. (Holotype fore wing length: 30 mm; wingspan 64 mm). Antenna bipectinate in proximal half (seta 3.5–4 times exceeding antenna rod diameter), filiform in distal half. Tegulae and patagia floury-white, thorax brown from above, abdomen brown. Fore wing elongated, apically acute, light-brown, with wide bright black stroke cubitally and black strokes in radial portion (postdiscally), white spot between CuA 2 and CuP (discally); reticulated pattern of thin black strokes throughout all wing area. Hind wing light-brown with thin reticulated pattern of fine black strokes.</p> <p>Male genitalia. Uncus long, acute apically, beak-like; gnathos arms long, thin, ribbon-like, not fused; valve simple, basally narrow, distally more extended, costal and lower edges of valve relatively smooth; anal angle sharp; juxta robust with long leaf-like lateral processes; saccus oval, of medium size; phallus very big, strongly curved in medium third, with long lobe-like cornutus in lateral surface.</p> <p>FEMALE. Unknown.</p> <p>Host. Unknown.</p> <p>Etymology. The second and third author dedicate this species to Dr. Vilayanoor V. Ramamurthy (Retired Professor, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi), a well-known weevil taxonomist, who motivated them to take up insect taxonomy.</p> <p>Distribution. The sightings in the present study were made from Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu (Fig. 3), hence it is likely that X. ramamurthyi sp. nov. is distributed throughout the Western Ghats region, where it is endemic and co-occurring with other two species of Xyleutes, X. personus and X. strix. Apart from the type material, several individuals were observed from the states of Karnataka, Kerala &amp; Tamil Nadu. The first sighting of this new species was in January 2012, from Devala, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu (11°47′37.30′′ N, 76°37′87.10′′ E) made by Geetha Iyer (personal communication) during the expedition for documenting moths from Tamil Nadu. Several observations were also made during butterfly and moth surveys conducted in Kerala and Karnataka from 2019–2021 from the Western Ghats, South India. Six individuals were attracted to light trap during December, 2020 survey, at the Aralam wildlife sanctuary, Kannur (11°55′41.74′′ N, 75°54′33.21′′ E). Twelve individuals were attracted to light trap during January, 2021, at Karuvarakundu, Malappuram (11°07′17.37′′ N, 76°20′26.07′′ E). And two individuals were also observed during January, 2020 from Kodagu, Karnataka (12°25′49.69′′ N, 75°44′ 9.98′′ E). No collections were made during these surveys.</p> <p>Flight period. The flight period of this new species is very specific, since we started recording them from 2019. They emerge from late November to end of February. The population observed on light traps, during January was higher compared to rest of the months.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E43B670FFD8F85874E2F19AD53AF9D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yakovlev, Roman V.;Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan;Balaji, Rajasekaran Krishna;Balakrishnan, Valappil	Yakovlev, Roman V., Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan, Balaji, Rajasekaran Krishna, Balakrishnan, Valappil (2021): A world catalogue of Xyleutes Hübner, 1820 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae) with description of a new species from the Western Ghats of India. Zootaxa 5040 (4): 565-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.6
6E43B670FFDFF85F74E2F19AD6CCFE31.text	6E43B670FFDFF85F74E2F19AD6CCFE31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyleutes keyensis Strand 1919	<div><p>Xyleutes keyensis Strand, 1919</p> <p>(Fig. 1A)</p> <p>Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 13 (12): 93</p> <p>Type locality. Key (= Kei / Kai) [Kepulauan Kai, Indonesia].</p> <p>Type material. Holotype in NHMUK, examined.</p> <p>Distribution. T imor, Kepulauan Kai and Tenimbar Islands (Maluku and East Nusa Tenggara Provinces of Indonesia) (Yakovlev 2011).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E43B670FFDFF85F74E2F19AD6CCFE31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yakovlev, Roman V.;Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan;Balaji, Rajasekaran Krishna;Balakrishnan, Valappil	Yakovlev, Roman V., Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan, Balaji, Rajasekaran Krishna, Balakrishnan, Valappil (2021): A world catalogue of Xyleutes Hübner, 1820 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae) with description of a new species from the Western Ghats of India. Zootaxa 5040 (4): 565-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.6
6E43B670FFDFF85F74E2F310D598FAB6.text	6E43B670FFDFF85F74E2F310D598FAB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyleutes personus (Le Guillou 1841)	<div><p>Xyleutes personus (Le Guillou, 1841)</p> <p>(Fig. 1B)</p> <p>Cossus persona Le Guillou, 1841, Revue Zoologique 4: 257.</p> <p>Type locality. Samarang [Indonesia, Samarang]. Type material. Holotype in MNHN.</p> <p>= Strigoides leucolophus Guerin-Meneville, [1829-1844], Iconographie du règne animal de G. Cuvier: ou, représen- tation d’aprés nature de l’une des espèces les plus remarquables, etsouvent non encore figurées, de chaque genre d’amimaux. Avec un texte descriptif mis au courant de la science: 505. Type locality: Amboina [Indone- sia, Moluccas, Ambon Island]. Type material is lost.</p> <p>= Zeuzera leuconota Walker, 1856, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum Vol. VII, Lepidoptera Heterocera: 1537. Type locality: Ceylon. Type material. Holotype in NHMUK, examined.</p> <p>= Xyleutes personus biakensis Roepke, 1957 Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Weterschappen, Afd. Natuurkunde (Tweede Reeks) 52 (1): 23. Type locality: Biak [Schouten Island near the N.W. coast of New Guinea]. Type material. Holotype in coll. Veldhuyzen in RMNH, examined.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Yunnan, Hunan), India (before Shimla), India, Indochina, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, to Malaysia, the Indonesian Archipelago to New Guinea (Butler 1886; Cotes &amp; Swinhoe 1887; Swinhoe 1895; De Joannis 1929; Gaede 1933; Arora 1976; Barlow 1982; Hua et al. 1990; Schoorl 1990; Kishida 1998; Yakovlev 2004, 2005, 2014; Smetacek 2008; Yakovlev &amp; Witt 2009).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E43B670FFDFF85F74E2F310D598FAB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yakovlev, Roman V.;Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan;Balaji, Rajasekaran Krishna;Balakrishnan, Valappil	Yakovlev, Roman V., Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan, Balaji, Rajasekaran Krishna, Balakrishnan, Valappil (2021): A world catalogue of Xyleutes Hübner, 1820 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae) with description of a new species from the Western Ghats of India. Zootaxa 5040 (4): 565-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.6
6E43B670FFDFF85F74E2F491D509F996.text	6E43B670FFDFF85F74E2F491D509F996.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyleutes ramamurthyi Yakovlev & Sankararaman & Balaji & Balakrishnan 2021	<div><p>Xyleutes ramamurthyi Yakovlev &amp; Sankararaman, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 2)</p> <p>Type locality. India, Kerala, Malappuram, Thottapally.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype in UASB.</p> <p>Distribution. India (Western Ghats).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E43B670FFDFF85F74E2F491D509F996	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yakovlev, Roman V.;Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan;Balaji, Rajasekaran Krishna;Balakrishnan, Valappil	Yakovlev, Roman V., Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan, Balaji, Rajasekaran Krishna, Balakrishnan, Valappil (2021): A world catalogue of Xyleutes Hübner, 1820 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae) with description of a new species from the Western Ghats of India. Zootaxa 5040 (4): 565-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.6
6E43B670FFDFF85C74E2F7B1D3C4FC34.text	6E43B670FFDFF85C74E2F7B1D3C4FC34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyleutes strix (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Xyleutes strix (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>(Fig. 1C)</p> <p>Phalaena strix Linnaeus, 1758, Systema Naturae: 508.</p> <p>Type locality. America Merid. (error). The type locality has subsequently been amended to Java. The original description of P. strix Linnaeus, 1758, was a mixture of two different species of large moths, a noctuid from South America and a cossid from the Oriental Region. In his original description Linnaeus referred to Merian (1705: 20, pl. 20), a large noctuid later described as Phalaena agrippina Cramer, 1779a (136, 138, pl. 87, fg. A, pl. 88, fg. A.) from Surinam, and now the type species of Thysania Dalman, 1824. Linnaeus also indicated by the letters M[usei] L[udovicae] U[lricae] that he had a specimen to examine. Clerck (1764, 2: pl. 51) illustrated this specimen which is a cossid. This species was again figured as strix Linnaeus by Cramer (1779b: 77, pl. 145: fg. A.). The confused nomenclature has been discussed and cleared up by Roepke (1957), and thereafter accepted in the literature, that the name strix is to be applied to the cossid. The type-locality is however, uncertain. Clerck gave no locality but Roepke considered that his figure possibly represents a female from Java, and so restricted the type locality to this island (Fletcher &amp; Nye 1982). Type material is lost (Roepke 1957).</p> <p>= Zeuzera signata Walker, 1856, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum Vol. VII, Lepidoptera Heterocera: 1537. Type locality: North India. Type material. Holotype in NHMUK, examined.</p> <p>= Zeuzera bubo Butler, 1882, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 10: 228–229. Type locality: New Britain [New Britain Isl., Papua New Guinea]. Type material. Holotype in NHMUK, examined.</p> <p>= Xyrena tigrata Houlbert, 1916, Ètudes de Lepidopterologie Comparée 9 bis: 78, 114. Type locality: Sulawesi or Ambon. Type material. Holotype in MNHN, examined.</p> <p>= Xyleutes stryx var. formosicola Strand, 1915, Archiv für Naturgeschichte 81A. 8: 42. Type locality: Formosa [Tai- wan]. Type material. Holotype in DEIM, examined.</p> <p>Distribution. India, Bhutan, China (Yunnan, Guangxi, Xizang, Qinghai), Taiwan, Malaysia, Philippines, the Indonesian Archipelago to New Guinea and New Britain Isl. (Horsfield &amp; Moore 1857; Snellen 1879, 1895, 1901; Cotes &amp; Swinhoe 1887; Swinhoe 1892, 1895; Semper 1896 -1902; Dudgeon 1899; Strand 1915; Houlbert 1916; Oberthür 1916; Ćandèze 1926; De Joannis 1929; Esaki et al. 1932; Gaede 1933; Roepke 1955, 1957; Arora 1976; Barlow 1982; Hua et al. 1990; Yakovlev 2004, 2014; Smetacek 2008; Yakovlev &amp; Witt 2009).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E43B670FFDFF85C74E2F7B1D3C4FC34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yakovlev, Roman V.;Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan;Balaji, Rajasekaran Krishna;Balakrishnan, Valappil	Yakovlev, Roman V., Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan, Balaji, Rajasekaran Krishna, Balakrishnan, Valappil (2021): A world catalogue of Xyleutes Hübner, 1820 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae) with description of a new species from the Western Ghats of India. Zootaxa 5040 (4): 565-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.6
