taxonID	type	description	language	source
6ADC38FB8B6050CB968AE5EF3049DFAF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Smooth ectosomal subtylostyles, long choanosomal styles / subtylostyles with swollen lumpy bases and tuberculate club-shaped pseudoastrose or heavily spined acanthostyles forming erect hymedesmioid skeleton; microscleres anchorate unguiferous isochelae and may include spined microxea with two lumpy swellings or sigma-like spicules (slightly modified from Van Soest 2002).	en	Ise, Yuji, Vacelet, Jean, Izumi, Takato, Woo, Sau Pinn, Tan, Shau Hwai (2021): First record of the genus Discorhabdella (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Crambeidae) from Sagami Bay, Japan with description of two new species. ZooKeys 1076: 67-81, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278
78C4541DE95651EC8FD08E31E59E6FDE.taxon	description	Figs 2 A-C, 3, 4	en	Ise, Yuji, Vacelet, Jean, Izumi, Takato, Woo, Sau Pinn, Tan, Shau Hwai (2021): First record of the genus Discorhabdella (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Crambeidae) from Sagami Bay, Japan with description of two new species. ZooKeys 1076: 67-81, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278
78C4541DE95651EC8FD08E31E59E6FDE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. NSMT-Po- 2489. Off Misaki, eastern part of Sagami Bay (Fig. 1), Japan (35 ° 7.484 ' N, 139 ° 33.212 ' E to 35 ° 7.504 ' N, 139 ° 33.625 ' E), 223 - 113 m depth, dredge, 13 January 2012.	en	Ise, Yuji, Vacelet, Jean, Izumi, Takato, Woo, Sau Pinn, Tan, Shau Hwai (2021): First record of the genus Discorhabdella (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Crambeidae) from Sagami Bay, Japan with description of two new species. ZooKeys 1076: 67-81, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278
78C4541DE95651EC8FD08E31E59E6FDE.taxon	description	Description of holotype. External morphology. Thinly encrusting, surface hispid due to protruding choanosomal large subtylostyles. Color greenish ochre in life, grayish white in ethanol. Size, 22 x 17 mm, about 0.3 mm thick (Fig. 2 A-C). Oscules not observed in the living specimen; probably contracted in preserved state. Ostia observed only in preserved specimen, rounded, evenly distributed, 150 - 300 µm in diameter. Skeleton. Hymedesmioid skeleton made by large choanosomal subtylostyles making the sponge surface hispid and by perpendicular acanthostyles with their bases attached on substrate. Ectosomal subtylostyles arranged perpendicular to surface with tips outward. Anchorate unguiferous isochelae and sigmoid microscleres roughly dispersed throughout the sponge. Spicules. Choanosomal subtylotyles (Fig. 3 A, B), long slightly curved near the base, maximum diameter at the base gradually tapering to sharp point (Fig. 3 A). Base smooth and slightly lumpy (Fig. 3 B). Size, 814 - 1500 µm in length, 42.0 - 56.5 (50.3) µm in shaft width, 52.4 - 70.8 (61.7) µm in base width. Ectosomal subtylostyles (Fig. 3 C-F), fusiform, smooth and straight; with smooth and slightly swollen base (Fig. 3 D). Maximum diameter at middle region, then gradually tapering to a sharp point (Fig. 3 E). Microspined sparsely around the shaft and densely around the tip (Fig. 3 F). Size, 292.2 - 392.5 (335.4) µm in length, 13.4 - 16.7 (15.2) µm in shaft width, 10.7 - 14.0 (12.9) in tyle width. Acanthostyles (Fig. 4 A), club-shaped head with conical spines having blunt ends. Shaft straight, fusiform, and densely covered with prominent spines with tips sharply pointed, devoid of spines on the last 10 - 20 µm towards extremity. Terminal holes or orifices of spines especially around head could be detected. Size, 84.0 - 127.5 (103.6) µm in length, 41.1 - 57.7 (48.0) µm in head width including spines, 26.3 - 42.4 (31.1) µm in head width without spines, 24 - 35.9 (27.8) µm in width of shaft including spine, 16.2 - 27.5 (21.3) µm in width of shaft without spine. Anchorate unguiferous isochelae (Fig. 4 B, C), strongly curved C-shaped shaft with lateral expansion that forming a pair of fimbriae along its entire length. Both extremities bearing 3 - 7 short and unequal shaped alae. The alae closest to the lateral fimbriae sometimes reduced or nearly absent, and connected to the fimbriae. Size, 27.3 - 38.0 (31.7) µm in length, 2.9 - 4.0 (3.5) µm in shaft width. Sigmoid microscleres (Fig. 4 D), strongly curved shaft and irregular in shape. Size, 20.7 - 31.2 (26.3) µm in length, 0.7 - 1.0 (0.8) µm in shaft width.	en	Ise, Yuji, Vacelet, Jean, Izumi, Takato, Woo, Sau Pinn, Tan, Shau Hwai (2021): First record of the genus Discorhabdella (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Crambeidae) from Sagami Bay, Japan with description of two new species. ZooKeys 1076: 67-81, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278
78C4541DE95651EC8FD08E31E59E6FDE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from type locality, Misaki, eastern part of Sagami Bay, Japan.	en	Ise, Yuji, Vacelet, Jean, Izumi, Takato, Woo, Sau Pinn, Tan, Shau Hwai (2021): First record of the genus Discorhabdella (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Crambeidae) from Sagami Bay, Japan with description of two new species. ZooKeys 1076: 67-81, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278
78C4541DE95651EC8FD08E31E59E6FDE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Specific epithet refers to its hispid surface appearance.	en	Ise, Yuji, Vacelet, Jean, Izumi, Takato, Woo, Sau Pinn, Tan, Shau Hwai (2021): First record of the genus Discorhabdella (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Crambeidae) from Sagami Bay, Japan with description of two new species. ZooKeys 1076: 67-81, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278
EEB6EE1192D15A099704DFCF290CD8C2.taxon	description	Figs 2 D, 5, 6	en	Ise, Yuji, Vacelet, Jean, Izumi, Takato, Woo, Sau Pinn, Tan, Shau Hwai (2021): First record of the genus Discorhabdella (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Crambeidae) from Sagami Bay, Japan with description of two new species. ZooKeys 1076: 67-81, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278
EEB6EE1192D15A099704DFCF290CD8C2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. NSMT-Po- 2490. Off Misaki, eastern part of Sagami Bay (Fig. 1), Japan (35 ° 7.734 ' N, 139 ° 34.133 ' E to 35 ° 7.714 ' N, 139 ° 34.061 ' E), 318 - 255 m depth, dredge, 10 January 2012.	en	Ise, Yuji, Vacelet, Jean, Izumi, Takato, Woo, Sau Pinn, Tan, Shau Hwai (2021): First record of the genus Discorhabdella (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Crambeidae) from Sagami Bay, Japan with description of two new species. ZooKeys 1076: 67-81, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278
EEB6EE1192D15A099704DFCF290CD8C2.taxon	description	Description of holotype. External morphology. Small, very thinly encrusting sponge, about 0.2 mm thick, with velvet surface, white in alcohol. Size, 8 x 5 mm (Fig. 2 D). Ostia and oscules not observed either in live or in the preserved specimen. Skeleton. Hymedesmioid skeleton made by choanosomal subtylostyles and acanthostyles. Choanosomal subtylostyles mostly arranged perpendicular to surface with tips oriented upward. Anchorate unguiferous isochelae distributed in whole body. Spicules. Choanosomal subtylostyles (Fig. 5 A-C), straight, almost uniform in thickness along shaft gradually tapering to a sharp point (Fig. 5 C). Lumpy base bearing many prominent smooth projections (Fig. 5 B). Size, 252 - 336.4 (295.2) µm in length, 18.6 - 26.6 (22.6) µm in shaft width, 33.2 - 45.6 (40.2) µm in base width. Ectosomal subtylostyles (Fig. 5 D-F), fusiform, smooth and straight, with smooth and slightly swollen tyle (Fig. 5 E). Maximum diameter at middle region, then gradually tapering to sharp point (Fig. 5 F). Size, 203 - 257 (232) µm in length, 10.6 - 14.1 (11.7) µm in shaft width, 7.9 - 9.9 (8.9) µm in tyle width. Acanthostyles (Fig. 6 A, B), straight, surface covered with prominent spines especially at club-shaped head with longer spines. Spines on shaft slightly recurved with tips sharply pointed. Shaft devoid of spines from extremity up to ca. 10 - 20 µm. Size, 73 - 91.3 (82.0) µm in length, 27.9 - 42.0 (34.2) µm in head width including spines, 15.6 - 21.8 (19.8) µm in head width without spines. Anchorate unguiferous isochelae (Fig. 6 B-D), shaft nearly straight, with a pair of fimbriae along whole shaft; bearing 6 alae (Fig. 6 B-D). Size, 17.5 - 21.9 (19.8) µm in total length, 2.0 - 2.7 (2.2) µm in shaft width, 6.7 - 8.0 (7.3) µm in alae length.	en	Ise, Yuji, Vacelet, Jean, Izumi, Takato, Woo, Sau Pinn, Tan, Shau Hwai (2021): First record of the genus Discorhabdella (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Crambeidae) from Sagami Bay, Japan with description of two new species. ZooKeys 1076: 67-81, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278
EEB6EE1192D15A099704DFCF290CD8C2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from type locality, Misaki, eastern part of Sagami Bay, Japan.	en	Ise, Yuji, Vacelet, Jean, Izumi, Takato, Woo, Sau Pinn, Tan, Shau Hwai (2021): First record of the genus Discorhabdella (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Crambeidae) from Sagami Bay, Japan with description of two new species. ZooKeys 1076: 67-81, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278
EEB6EE1192D15A099704DFCF290CD8C2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Specific epithet refers to type locality: Misaki.	en	Ise, Yuji, Vacelet, Jean, Izumi, Takato, Woo, Sau Pinn, Tan, Shau Hwai (2021): First record of the genus Discorhabdella (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Crambeidae) from Sagami Bay, Japan with description of two new species. ZooKeys 1076: 67-81, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278
EEB6EE1192D15A099704DFCF290CD8C2.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The present study adds two new species to the genus Discorhabdella, which now has nine species. This is the first record of the genus and family Crambeidae from Japanese waters. Thus the discovery of these two new species from warm temperate northwest Pacific extends the geographical distribution of the genus (see Table 1). Vacelet and Cardenas (2018) raised doubts to the hypothetical polyaxial nature of the choanosomal styles / subtylostyles and the pseudoastrose acanthostyles that has been proposed by Uriz and Maldonado (1995) and Maldonado and Uriz (1996). The authors proposed instead, a monaxonal origin for the spicule shaft with secondary axes for bulges. In our study, we could not precisely distinguish axes on the choanosomal subtylotyles or the acanthostyles. Feeble microspines around the distal tips of ectosomal subtylostyles have been first reported from Crambe tuberosa Maldonado & Benito, 1991 and later considered as a possible common character of the genera Discorhabdella and Crambe, both in the family Crambeidae (Maldonado and Uriz 1996). In this study, this character was observed in D. hispida sp. nov. (e. g. Fig. 3 F) but seems to be absent in D. misakiensis sp. nov. (Fig. 5 F). This character was not mentioned in the recently described species, D. pseudaster and D. ruetzleri (Vacelet and Cardenas 2018, Diaz and Pomponi 2018). The actual affinity between Discorhabdella and Crambe has not been revealed as yet (Maldonado and Uriz 1996), but the feeble microspines around the distal tips of the ectosomal subtylostyles may be a symplesiomorphy for these two genera. The evolutionary aspect of morphological divergence among sphaeroclones, pseudoastrose acanthostyles, and typical acanthostyles has long been discussed and the question remains as to whether the amount of change between sphaeroclones and astrose acanthostyles is more important than the whole set of shared morphological features in determining the phylogenetic relationships between Crambe and Discorhabdella (Uriz and Maldonado 1995, Maldonado and Uriz 1996). Our findings on the two new species add more knowledge on acanthostylose derivatives in Discorhabdella. To date, long acanthostyles have been found only in D. tuberosocapitata (with ca 130 µm in length), but in all other species of Discorhabdella they are less than 60 µm (see Table 1) and thus regarded as pseudoastrose acanthostyle because of the putative polyaxial nature contrasting the monoaxial nature of typical acanthostyles of other demosponge taxa (Uriz and Maldonado 1995, Maldonado and Uriz 1996). In the two new species, acanthostyles are longer than 70 µm in length, which means the alleged possession of long acanthostyles differing from typical pseudoastrose acanthostyles, is not unusual in Discorhabdella. They also provide clues for solving the trait of gradual morphological divergence between sphaeroclones, pseudoastrose acanthostyles, and acanthostyles along with pseudoaster recently found from D. pseudaster (Vacelet and Cardenas 2018). A molecular phylogenetic study is necessary to unravel the diversification of sphaeroclones, pseudoastrose acanthostyles, acanthostyles and pseudoasters as well as the affinity of Discorhabdella and Crambe within the order Poecilosclerida (Maldonado and Uriz 1996, Vacelet and Cardenas 2018).	en	Ise, Yuji, Vacelet, Jean, Izumi, Takato, Woo, Sau Pinn, Tan, Shau Hwai (2021): First record of the genus Discorhabdella (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Crambeidae) from Sagami Bay, Japan with description of two new species. ZooKeys 1076: 67-81, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.37278
