identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6D0687D163316B0F0FDDFD19FB20F925.text	6D0687D163316B0F0FDDFD19FB20F925.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Polistella) chuyangsin Nguyen & Nguyen & Bozdoğan 2018	<div><p>Polistes (Polistella) chuyangsin Nguyen &amp; Nguyen, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1–11)</p><p>Material examined. HOLOTYPE, ♀, “ VIETNAM, Chu Yang Sin NP, Krong Kmar, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.19189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.417445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.19189/lat 12.417445)">Krong Bong</a>, Dak Lak, 1080 m, 12°25'02.8''N, 108°11'30.8''E, Nest #VN-TN-2016-P- 04, 4.v. 2016, LTP Nguyen, QC Nguyen, [IEBR] . PARATYPES: VIETNAM: [IEBR] 1 ♂, 5 ♀, same data as holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from all other species of the subgenus Polistella by the following combination of characters: female gena in lateral view nearly as wide as eye; inner eye margins in frontal view nearly as far apart from each other at vertex as at clypeus; tomentum on clypeus restricted to its dorsal one fifth to one fourth with lateral part extending ventrally; propodeal orifice more than 2 × as long as wide (measured at widest part); sternum 2 in lateral view swollen ventrally in anterior half; male clypeus as wide as high; male genitalia with digitus in inner aspect of paramere 3.2× as long as wide, penis valves 0.7× longer than basal apodeme, in lateral view slightly thickened in proximal one fourth and with dorsal margin weakly and smoothly sinuate, with proximoventral corner produced into nearly right angle; ventral margin of penis valves finely serrated along entire the length.</p><p>Description. Female. Body length 11.0– 11.5 mm (holotype 11.3 mm); fore wing length 12.0–13.0 mm (holotype 12.8 mm).</p><p>Holotype. Head in frontal view 1.15× as wide as high (Fig. 1); in dorsal view weakly swollen laterally just behind eyes, then narrowed posteriorly. Vertex with slightly raised area inside ocelli, slightly sloping down behind posterior ocelli towards occipital carina; proportion of the distance between inner margins of posterior ocelli and the distance between outer margin of posterior ocellus and inner margin of eye at vertex about 1:2; distance between inner margins of posterior ocelli about 1.4× transverse diameter of posterior ocellus. Gena (Fig. 2) in lateral view nearly as wide as eye; occipital carina fine, evanescent in ventral third of gena. Inner eye margins in frontal view nearly as far apart from each other at vertex as at clypeus (Fig. 1). Antennal sockets slightly closer to inner eye margin than to each other; anterior tentorial pit as distant from antennal socket as from inner eye margin; interantennal space weakly raised. Clypeus in frontal view almost as wide as high (Fig. 1), produced ventrally into blunt angle; in lateral view convex from base to apical margin; lateral margin of clypeus lying along inner eye margin as long as diameter of antennal socket and length of malar space. Antennal scape 3× as long as its maximum width; flagellomere 1 2.5× as long as its maximum width, 1.2× as long as flagellomeres 2 and 3 combined; flagellomere 2 longer than wide, flagellomere 3 as long as wide; flagellomere 4–9 wider than long; terminal flagellomere bullet-shaped, 1.4× as long as its basal width (Fig. 3).</p><p>Pronotal carina sharply raised, produced dorsally into thin lamella, slightly sinuate backward on lateral sides, reaching ventral corner of pronotum. Mesoscutum strongly convex, nearly as long as wide between tegulae; anterior margin broadly rounded. Scutellum convex, disc slightly concave at middle. Disc of metanotum weakly concave. Propodeum short; posterior face widely (nearly half of maximum propodeal width) and shallowly excavated medially, more or less smoothly passing into lateral faces; propodeal orifice elongate, 2.1× as long as wide (measured at widest part), somewhat narrowed in dorsal half. Fore wing slightly brown, transparent, vein dark brown.</p><p>Metasomal tergum 1 short and thick, about 0.6× as long as its apical width, in lateral view abruptly swollen dorsally just behind propodeal orifice; corner between anterior and dorsal faces bluntly angled. Sternum 2 in lateral view strongly swollen ventrally in anterior half, then ventral margin bluntly angled into nearly straight line parallel to dorsal margin of the tergum (Fig. 4).</p><p>Body with short, silver setae except front, posterior part of hear, posterior part of propodeum with long silver setae. Clypeus with scattered large punctures, each bearing a sharply pointed golden bristle, tomentum on clypeus restricted to its dorsal one fifth to one fourth with lateral part extending ventrally. Mandible with scattered large punctures. Frons with deep definite punctures. Vertex and gena with sparse and strong punctures; area around ocelli smooth; ventral one third of gena with scattered strong punctures. Pronotum with dense deep punctures; space between punctures very narrow, slightly raised to form reticulation. Mesoscutum with coarse dense flat-bottom punctures; punctures on scutellum and metanotum dense, smaller than those on mesoscutum. Mesepisternum with punctures similar to those on pronotum, densely with punctures in posterodorsal part and very scattered punctures in anteroventral part; border between them indistinct. Dorsal metapleuron with large smooth area, with some striae and sparse punctures. Propodeum with strong sharply-raised transverse striae. Metasomal segments densely covered with minute punctures in addition to sparse small punctures (ill-defined on terga; more or less well-defined on sternum).</p><p>Color. Black, following parts dark brown: gena, mandible, antennal scape, flagellum 1 entirely, flagellomeres 2–9 beneath, large dorsal part of pronotum, tegulae, large part of scutellum, a small spot on lateral side of metanotum; a spot on upper part of mesepisternum; half of T1 and 2 at apical margin, T3–6 entirely, a narrow band at apical margin of S2–6; upper part of fore and middle femur, all tibiae entirely, tarsi 1–3 of all legs. The following parts yellow: clypeus except lateral margins, thick band from clypeus to ocular sinus, a thin line at anterior face of pronotum, along its carina, two spots on each side of propodeum, valvulae.</p><p>Male. Body length mm 10.5 mm; fore wing length 10.7 mm. Structure as in female, but differing as follows: head 1.4× as wide as high in frontal view (Fig. 6); eye strongly swollen laterally; inner eye margins 1.3× as distant from each other at vertex as at clypeus; gena narrow, in lateral view 0.5 × as wide as eye; clypeus in frontal view nearly as wide as high (Fig. 5), slightly produced ventrally, evenly and very weakly rounded apically, in lateral view weakly convex dorsally. Antenna slenderer than in female (Fig. 6); scape short, 2.5× as long as its maximum width; flagellomere 1 as long as the length of flagellomeres 2 and 3 combined; flagellomeres 2–11each longer than wide; terminal flagellomere elongate, slightly curved, 2.7× as long as its basal width. Metasomal sternum 7 without tubercle.</p><p>Body surface sculpture as in female, but clypeus with dense long golden setae.</p><p>Color. Similar to female except clypeus and fore coxae underneath light brown.</p><p>Male genitalia. Generally similar to that of P. affinis (Nguyen, 2017) . Digitus in inner aspect of paramere (Fig. 8) 3.2× as long as wide (measured at widest part), distinctly swollen near base, gradually narrowed apically to mid-length, then slightly swollen towards the rounded apex. Aedeagus (Figs 9, 10), penis valves 0.7× longer than basal apodeme, in ventral view narrowest near mid-length, nearly straight from mid-length then strongly swollen and distinctly produced laterally near proximal margins, in lateral view slightly thickened in proximal one fourth and with dorsal margin weakly and smoothly sinuate, with proximoventral corner produced into nearly right angle (Fig. 10); ventral margin of penis valves finely serrated along entire length.</p><p>Remarks. This species is very similar to P. affinis Gusenleitner, 2006, but differs in the following characters: male gena in lateral view 0.5× as wide as eye (0.3× as wide as eye in P. affinis); female flagellomere 4–6 wider than long (as wide as long in P. affinis); sternum 2 in lateral view swollen ventrally in anterior half (sternum 2 in lateral view swollen ventrally in anterior one-third in P. affinis).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality, Chu Yang Sin national park in Dak Lak province of Vietnam; it is to be treated as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Distribution. Vietnam (High land provinces).</p><p>Nest. A nest (Nest#VN-TN-2016-P-04) (Fig. 11) collected in Chu Yang Sin national park, Dak Lak province was examined.</p><p>The nest had a comb comprised of several long cells, collected together with eight females. The nest was kept in a nylon bag in the car during travel, and two males emerged later when the nest was brought back to the laboratory (one male was broken when being taken out of the cell). The nest was found to be attached to a branch of Helicteres hirsute Lour. tree ( Sterculiaceae) about 1.2 m above the ground. The nest characteristics are as follows: Petiole single, terminal, with thin central core of plant fibers, enlarged strictly with adult salivary secretion, dark brown and lustrous, 3.8 mm long, 0.8 x 1.3 mm thick; salivary coating extended onto substrate and largely onto back of comb. Comb tough, pliable in texture, light brown, subcircular (about 30 mm x 23 mm) in view from side of cell opening; ventral surface convex; dorsal surface concave. Nest cells generally arranged regularly and round at open end, but partly irregularly arranged (in some early short cells), where some cells are pentagonal; cell expanded towards open end, 2.7 mm (range 2.5–2.9 mm; n=5) wide at bottom and 5.6 mm (range 5.4–5.9 mm; n=6) wide at open end, 14.7 mm (range 14.0–16.2) mm; n=6) deep; cell wall about 0.2 mm thick. Cocoon caps yellow.</p><p>Note on Polistes stigma subspecies: Two subspecies of Polistes stigma were recorded from Vietnam, namely Polistes stigma stigma (Fabricius) and Polistes stigma tamula (Fabricius) (Nguyen et al., 2017). For the latter, according to Castro &amp; Dvorák, (2009), tamul- is an adjective, and as such must take the -us ending with a masculine genus like Polistes, so, the correct name, is Polistes stigma tamulus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D0687D163316B0F0FDDFD19FB20F925	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nguyen, Lien T. P.;Nguyen, Cuong Q.;Bozdoğan, Hakan	Nguyen, Lien T. P., Nguyen, Cuong Q., Bozdoğan, Hakan (2018): Species of the Polistes (Polistella) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species and a pictorial key. Zootaxa 4402 (2): 323-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.5
6D0687D163376B010FDDF94CFDA4F918.text	6D0687D163376B010FDDF94CFDA4F918.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistella Ashmead 1904	<div><p>Key to the Vietnamese species of the subgenus Polistella</p><p>The characters used are applicable to both sexes unless the sex is specified. Polistes nipponensis is not included here as the species from Vietnam identified under this name is under investigation based on DNA data (personal information).</p><p>1. Hind wing with jugal lobe reduced, ocelli approximated with POD more or less equal to Od (Fig. 12); metasomal segment 1 narrowed, narrower than metasomal segment 2 (Fig. 14)........................................... 2</p><p>- Hind wing with jugal lobe not reduced, round, ocelli normal with POD much larger than Od (Fig. 13); metasomal segment 1 wider, about as wide as metasomal segment 2 (Fig. 15)............................................ 7</p><p>2. Fore wing with subapical fuscous cloud (Figs 16)...................................................... 3</p><p>- Fore wing without subapical fuscous cloud (Fig. 17)................................................... 5</p><p>3. Clypeus higher than wide, 1.1× as long as wide; inner eye margins 1.1× far apart from each other at vertex than at clypeus in frontal view (Figs 18); body with strong punctures. Body reddish-brown with prominent black mark (Fig. 47, 48)......................................................................................... 4</p><p>- Clypeus as high as wide; inner eye margins about as far apart from each other at vertex as at clypeus in frontal view (Fig. 19); body with weak punctures. Body reddish-brown with prominent yellow bands or marks (Fig. 49) P. nigritarsis Cameron</p><p>4. Propodeum with weak transverse striae, metasomal tergum 1 proportionally longer, 1.2× as long as its apical width, mesoscutum as long as wide between tegulae................................ P. adsimilis Nguyen &amp; Carpenter</p><p>- Propodeum with strong transverse striae, metasomal tergum 1 proportionally shorter, less than 1.2× as long as its apical width, mesoscutum wider than long............................................. P. delhiensis Das &amp; Gupta</p><p>5. Metasomal tergum 1 sharply angled at base (Figs 20), rather long, equal to or less than 1.2× as long as its apical width. Body dark brown or yellow....................................................................... 6</p><p>- Metasomal tergum 1 gradually swollen from base to apical margin (Fig. 21), very long, 1.4× as long as its apical width. Body yellow with prominent black mark (Fig. 50)............................. P. meadeanus (von Schulthess) .</p><p>6. Propodeum with strong striae; body with coarse punctures; wing dark brown. Body reddish-brown with black marks (Fig. 51).................................................................................................................................................................. P. khasianus Cameron</p><p>- Propodeum with weaker striae; body with less strong punctures; wing transparent. Body yellow (Fig. 52)...................................................................................... P. pallidus Guisenleitner</p><p>7. Metasomal sternum 2 gradually swollen posteriorly, in lateral view with ventral margin weakly and smoothly curved (Fig. 22).................................................................................................................................................................................. 8</p><p>- Metasomal sternum 2 basally strongly swollen, in lateral view bulging anteriorly (Fig. 23)..................... 15</p><p>8. Medium-sized wasps; fore wing length 10.5¯ 14.5 mm. Marginal cell of fore wing with dark spot at apex........... 9</p><p>- Large-sized wasps; fore wing length 15.5¯ 18mm. Marginal cell of fore wing without dark spot................. 12</p><p>9. Body with strong punctures (Fig. 24). Propodeum with strong transverse striae. Body with yellow markings reduced, clypeus entirely or largely brown or black (Fig. 53, 54)................................................ 10</p><p>- Body with weaker punctures (Fig. 25). Propodeum with weaker transverse striae. Body with extensive yellow or reddish marks (Fig. 55, 56)............................................................................ 11</p><p>10. Female: Flagellomere 1 2.8 times as long as its maximum width. Frons and mesoscutum with less coarse punctures. Body mainly brown (Fig. 53).......................................... Polistes brunus Nguyen &amp; Carpenter</p><p>- Female: Flagellomere 1 3 times or slightly greater than 3 times as long as its maximum width. Frons and mesoscutum with coarse punctures. Body mainly black with brown marks (Fig. 54).. Polistes communalis Nguyen, Vu &amp; Carpenter</p><p>11. Tergum 4 without apical yellow band. Sternum 2 with posterlateral spots &amp; 3 with narrow apical yellow band (Fig. 55)................................................................... Polistes stigma stigma (Fabricius)</p><p>- Tergum 4 with apical broad yellow band. Sternum 2–4 with very broad apical yellow bands (Fig. 56)................................................................................ Polistes stigma tamulus (Fabricius)</p><p>12. Pronotum with strong striation (Fig. 26, 27) Female metasomal sternum without longitudinal ridges (Fig. 29)...... 13</p><p>- Pronotum with weak striation (Fig. 28) or striation absent. Female metasomal sternum 4 medially with paired longitudinal ridges (Fig. 30)............................................................................ 14</p><p>13. Pronotal striation somewhat irregular (Fig. 26), spaces between striae densely and distincly punctured. Dorsal surface of pronotum smoothly curved down to the lateral surface. Male metasomal sternum VII without tubercle. Clypeus, mesoscutum, metasomal segments 3̅6 entirely black (Fig. 57)....................... P. sagittarius de Saussure</p><p>- Pronotal striation regular and very strong (Fig. 27). Border between dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum distinctly angled. Male metasomal sternum 7 with weak tubercle. Clypeus, mesoscutum, metasomal segments 2̅6 entirely brown (Fig. 58).................................................................................................................................................................. P. strigosus Bequaert</p><p>14. Pronotum with dense, coarse punctures, their edges forming reticulation (Fig. 28). Disc of scutellum convex. Metasomal sternum 2 in lateral view convex ventrally in anterior half. Anterior margin of male clypeus nearly straight (Fig. 31). Metasomal terga brown, with some black marks (Fig. 58). Wings transparent......... P. brunetus Nguyen &amp; Kojima</p><p>- Pronotum with sparse, small punctures. Disc of scutellum hardly convex. Metasomal sternum 2 in lateral view weakly convex ventrally in the anterior two thirds. Anterior margin of male clypeus rounded (Fig. 32). Metasomal terga yellow with dark brown and/or black bands (Fig. 59). Wings infuscate........................ P. japonicus de Saussure</p><p>15. Marginal cell of forewing with dark spot. Metasomal terga entirely black (Fig. 60)......... P. horrendus Gusenleitner</p><p>- Marginal cell of forewing without dark spot. Metasomal terga black with yellow band........................ 16</p><p>16. Disc of scutellum flat, in profile smoothly passing from dorsal margin of mesoscutum (Fig. 33). Punctures on vertex, gena and metasomal terga fine, clathrate............................................................ 17</p><p>- Disc of scutellum convex (Fig. 34). Punctures on vertex and gena very coarse, larger than their interstices; punctures on terga coarse.................................................................................. 18</p><p>17. Propodeum shallowly excavated medially. Metasomal sternum 2 in lateral view strongly swollen ventrally in anterior one-third (Fig. 23). Male clypeus as wide as high with apical margin slightly produced, broadly rounded (Fig. 35). Scutellum black; propodeum with large lateral yellow spots (Fig. 61).................... P. dawnae Dover &amp; Rao</p><p>- Propodeum deeply excavated medially. Metasomal sternum 2 in lateral view strongly swollen ventrally in anterior half to two-third. Male clypeus wider than high with apical margin hardly produced, very wekly rounded (Fig. 36). Scutellum brown; propodeum with small lateral yellow spots (Fig. 62)............... P. clandestinus Nguyen, Saito &amp; Kojima</p><p>18. Propodeum with border between posterior and lateral faces bluntly angled.................................. 19</p><p>- Propodeum with border between posterior and lateral faces not angled..................................... 21</p><p>19. Female clypeus with very coarse puncture at based half, space between punctures less than puncture diameter (Fig. 37). Metasomal tergum 1 thick, in lateral view abruptly swollen dorsally just behind basal slit for reception of propodeal suspensory ligament, then weakly convex dosally after broadly rounded corner between anterior and dorsal faces. Metasomal sternum 2 in lateral view with anteroventral corner bluntly angled (Fig. 38), with hypothetical angle formed by anterior and ventral faces in nearly right-angle. Punctures on body surface very coarse and dense; dorsal metapleuron with punctures. Metasomal terga black (Fig. 63)........................ P. curcipunctum Nguyen, Saito &amp; Kojima</p><p>- Female clypeus with less coarse and sparser punctures, space between punctures greater than puncture diameter. Metasomal tergum 1 not thick, in lateral view abruptly swollen dorsally just behind basal slit for reception of propodeal suspensory ligament, then bluntly angled into slightly or barely convex dorsal margin. Metasomal sternum 2 in lateral view with anteroventral corner sharply angled (Fig. 39) or slightly produced anteriorly (Fig. 40). Punctures on body surface less coarse and sparser; dorsal metapleuron without punctures. Metasomal terga black, with orange-yellow apical bands (Fig. 64, 65)............................................................................ 20</p><p>20. Medium-sized, robust wasp; fore wing length 11–13.5 mm. Female clypeus in lateral view convex, passing into slightly concave supraclypeal area. Punctures on vertex strong; those on pronotum, scutum, scutellum and metanotum coarse. Metasomal sternum 2 in lateral view with anteroventral corner slightly produced anteriorly (Fig. 39). Pair lateral yellow spots on metanotum absent (Fig. 64).................................................. P. lepcha Cameron</p><p>- Small-sized, robust wasp; fore wing length 9–10 mm. Female clypeus in lateral view weakly convex, smoothly passing into supraclypeal area. Punctures on vertex weaker; those on pronotum, scutum, scutellum and metanotum strong, less coarse. Metasomal sternum 2 in lateral view with anteroventral corner angled, not produced anteriorly (Fig. 40). Pair lateral yellow spots on metanotum present (Fig. 65)........................... P. gilvus Nguyen, Saito &amp; Kojima</p><p>21. Female head higher than wide (Fig. 41). Dorsal metapleuron smooth, without punctures....................... 22</p><p>- Female head as wide as high as or wider than high (Fig. 42). Dorsal metapleuron punctured.................... 23</p><p>22. Propodeum with weak striation. Disc of scutellum strongly and evenly convex, in profile strongly raised above level of mesoscutum. Vertex, scutellum and propodeum black.......................... P. paco Nguyen, Saito &amp; Kojima</p><p>- Propodeum with strong striation. Disc of scutellum slightly convex, in profile weakly raised above the level of mesoscutum. Vertex, scutellum and propodeum brown (Fig. 66).............................. P. santoshae Das &amp; Gupta</p><p>23. Female clypeus as wide as high (Fig. 1)............................................................ 24</p><p>- Female clypeus wider than high (Fig. 42)........................................................... 26</p><p>24. Female clypeus with dense, fine pubescence in dorsal half. Male clypeus wider than high. Body brown with yellow apical margin on metasomal segments (Fig. 67)...................................... P. mandarinus de Saussure</p><p>- Female clypeus with dense, fine pubescence restricted to dorsal one third. Male clypeus as wide as high.......... 25</p><p>25. Male gena in lateral view 0.5 × as wide as eye (Fig. 3). Female flagellomere 4–6 wider than long. Sternum 2 in lateral view swollen ventrally in anterior half (Fig. 4). Metasomal segments 2–5 reddish-brown (Fig. 11)... P. chuyangsin, sp. nov.</p><p>- Male gena in lateral view 0.3 × as wide as eye (Fig. 43). Female flagellomere 4–6 as wide as long. Sternum 2 in lateral view swollen ventrally in anterior one-third. Metasomal segments 2–5 black with reddish-brown apical margin (Fig. 68)............................................................................ P. affinis Gusenleitner</p><p>26. Small, medium-robust wasp; fore wing length 11–12mm. Disc of scutellum convex. Punctures on abdomen small and not strong. Clypeus in lateral view prominently swollen anteriorly in upper one-third. Metasomal sternum 2 in profile swollen posteriorly in anterior half (Fig. 44). Metasomal terga black, with yellow apical bands (Fig. 44)........................................................................ P. reliciniclypeus Nguyen, Saito &amp; Kojima</p><p>- Small, medium-robust wasp; fore wing length 13–14mm. Disc of scutellum almost flat. Punctures on abdomen larger and strong. Clypeus in lateral view swollen anteriorly at middle. Metasomal sternum 2 in profile swollen posteriorly in anterior one-third (Fig. 45). Metasomal terga black, with yellow apical band only on tergum 1 (sometimes absent) (Fig. 69).......................................................................................... P. nigerrimus Gusenleitner</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D0687D163376B010FDDF94CFDA4F918	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nguyen, Lien T. P.;Nguyen, Cuong Q.;Bozdoğan, Hakan	Nguyen, Lien T. P., Nguyen, Cuong Q., Bozdoğan, Hakan (2018): Species of the Polistes (Polistella) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species and a pictorial key. Zootaxa 4402 (2): 323-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.5
