identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6C43E460F73DD52CFDFD900BCBA45088.text	6C43E460F73DD52CFDFD900BCBA45088.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthidium (Neocanthidium) Martínez et al. 1964	<div><p>Subgenus Neocanthidium Martínez et al., 1964</p><p>The gigas species group</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of the gigas group are readily recognizable from other members of the genus by their large (8 to 15 mm), globose black body, which contrasts with the light-coloured antennae. In addition, the group shows coarse punctation on head and anterior surface of the pronotum; dorsal surface of the eyes posteriorly narrowed; interocular distance approximately seven times wider than the maximum dorsal eye width, and clypeus with two well-defined rounded teeth separated by an acute angle.</p><p>Description</p><p>Clypeal margin well defined internally, with two more or less rounded teeth medially, separated by an acute angle. Clypeogenal suture distinct. Hypomeron with coarse longitudinal microsculpture between punctuation and obliquely-oriented setae. Prosternum with few long setae, with greater concentration at central region, the apex of each setae reaches mesoventrite. Profemora with ventral surface with a longitudinal carina along posterior margin and with a distinct row of punctures along anterior margin, each puncture with a golden seta; surface with microstriae; tibiofemoral joint with a tuft of golden setae. Protibiae widening towards apex, external edge with three teeth, external edge serrate between proximal tooth and base, dorsal surface with punctation along the central axis, anteriorly with long setae; venter with longitudinal carina and a single row of punctures parallel to lateral edge. Protibial spur tapering towards apex and more or less angulate at apical third in females or wider apically and bent ventrally at median half in males. Tarsi with five tarsomeres; claws simple, strongly curved. Mesofemora with a carina along posterior edge, ventral surface with some setae anteroapically, centre and apex with minute punctation. Mesotibiae with narrow basal half, apical half abruptly dilated, with carina and punctation along anterior margin, near the carina with punctation; external edge with small teeth, internal edge smooth. First mesotarsomere as long as next two mesotarsomeres combined; second to fourth mesotarsomeres decreasing gradually in length and fifth mesotarsomere longer than the fourth; claws simple and strongly curved; two apical spurs, one as long as the first mesotarsomere and the other as long as the first and second mesotarsomeres combined. Elytral striae wide and distinct, with circular punctures slightly wider than the striae. Interstriae with small, scattered punctures. Pseudepipleuron narrowing gradually towards the apex, where it dilates slightly at the end of the fifth striae; surface with sparse fine punctation. Abdomen glabrous, finely punctate. Pygidium convex, margined along posterior edge, distinctly punctate.</p><p>Sexual dimorphism</p><p>Males and females can be differentiated by the protibial spur, which has a narrow apex in females and is flattened in males.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C43E460F73DD52CFDFD900BCBA45088	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C.;Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Vaz-De, Fernando Z.	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F73CD529FF419690CF7D50FA.text	6C43E460F73CD529FF419690CF7D50FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthidium (Neocanthidium) gigas Balthasar 1939	<div><p>Key to the species of the gigas group</p><p>1. Head without transverse carina, horn or tubercle along frontoclypeal suture. Cerrado-Atlantic Forest transition in São Paulo state (Brazil) ............................. Canthidium (Neocanthidium) ayri sp. nov.</p><p>– Head with a transverse carina, conical horn or tubercle along the frontoclypeal suture .................. 2</p><p>2. Head with conical horn. Hypomeron with incomplete hypomeral carina (Fig. 1B). Brazilian Cerrado and neighbouring open area ............... Canthidium (Neocanthidium) kelleri (Martínez et al., 1964)</p><p>– Head with either short or long transverse carina, lacking a horn. Hypomeron with complete hypomeral carina (Fig. 1A). Known from forested/shaded habitats ................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Head with a long transverse frontoclypeal carina, length greater than one half interocular width. Pronotum anteriorly with a shallow excavation near centre (absent in small specimens and smaller in females than in males); bordered anteriorly by a transverse bilobed carina (reduced to a pair of lobes in smaller individuals). Amazonia ........................................................................................... 4</p><p>– Head with a short transverse frontoclypeal carina, length less than one-third of interocular width. Pronotum convex anteriorly, without evident lobes or excavations. Chaco, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest ................................................................................................................................................ 5</p><p>4. Frontoclypeal carina with length less than three-fourths of interocular width. Pronotum with anterior carina and lobes not evident, positioned just behind anterior border and separated from border by distance less than the border width; anterior region of disc punctate, posterior region with indefinite punctation (Fig. 1D). French Guiana ............................ Canthidium (Neocanthidium) feeri sp. nov.</p><p>– Frontoclypeal carina with length greater than four-fifths of interocular width. Pronotum with both anterior carina and two lobes sharply evident, separated from border by a distance equal or greater than the latter’s width; disc with surface completely punctate (Fig. 1C). Amazon rainforest south of the Amazon River in Brazil and Peru ........................ Canthidium (Neocanthidium) stofeli sp. nov.</p><p>5. Parameres, in dorsal view, with strong median angulation and concave apical excavation (Fig. 2C); in lateral view, with dorsomedial angulation of 120° (Fig. 2D). Brazilian Atlantic Forest, including intrusions into Cerrado ................................... Canthidium (Neocanthidium) gigas Balthasar, 1939</p><p>– Parameres, in dorsal view, with feeble median angulation and shallow apical excavation (Fig. 3C); in lateral view, with dorsomedial angulation of 160° (Fig. 3B). Chaco and western Cerrado in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina ........................................................................................................ .................................................. Canthidium (Neocanthidium) bokermanni (Martínez et al., 1964)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C43E460F73CD529FF419690CF7D50FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C.;Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Vaz-De, Fernando Z.	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F739D528FDE69773CB3E51E7.text	6C43E460F739D528FDE69773CB3E51E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthidium (Neocanthidium) ayri Carvalho De Santana & Pacheco & Vaz-De 2019	<div><p>Canthidium (Neocanthidium) ayri sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0209148B-40FB-43DE-8566-3EEB43646298</p><p>Figs 4, 8</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Canthidium ayri sp. nov. is differentiated from the other species in the group by the unarmed head and pronotum, lacking projections.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for Ayr de Moura Bello, great collector and enthusiast of Brazilian beetles, directly or indirectly responsible for the present increase of studies on Brazilian Coleoptera .</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; “Cerqueira César/ SP-Brasil/ II-1995 / COL. J. Carlos ”; CEMT, ex AMBC.</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL – São Paulo • 1 ♀; Anhembi; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.166668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.166668/lat -22.666666)">EECFA, Esalq/USP</a>; light trap, Eucalyptus urophylla; 22°40 ′ S, 48°10 ′ W; E.N.L. Ferreira leg.; CEMT . – Paraná • 1 ♀; Icaraima, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.166668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.166668/lat -22.666666)">Estância Felipe</a>; same collection data as for preceding; 23 Dec. 2018 – 5 Jan. 2019; D.F. Rodrigues leg.; CEMT . – Minas Gerais • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.256943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.552776" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.256943/lat -19.552776)">Monjolinho</a>; 19°33 ′ 10 ″ S, 49°15 ′ 25 ″ E; Nov. 1989; CEMT • 3 ♂♂; 6 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; Dec. 1988; CEMT • 1 ♂; 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Dec. 1988; BMNH • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.231388&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.20639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.231388/lat -18.20639)">Três Marias</a>; 18°12 ′ 23 ″ S, 45°13 ′ 53 ″ E; Nov. 1989; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Nov. 1991; J.C. Zanúncio leg.; CEMT .</p><p>Description (holotype)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Length: 8 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Surface with microsculpture obscurely variolate. Without frontoclypeal carina.</p><p>PRONOTUM. Regularly convex, strongly and completely punctate, without projections along anterior margin.</p><p>HYPOMERON. Hypomeral carina complete.</p><p>METAVENTRITE. With simple and shallow punctation, laterobasal region with stronger punctation, lateral region with microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular.</p><p>MESEPIMERON AND MESEPISTERNUM. With shallow punctation, stronger microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular.</p><p>HIND LEG. Metafemora with a carina along posterior edge, anterior edge with setal fringe, surface with fine punctation. Metatibiae elongated and gradually dilated towards the apex; external margin serrated.</p><p>AEDEAGUS. In dorsal view, parameres with median angulation nearly absent and with a shallow apical cavity; in lateral view, with dorsal angulation at the basal one-third.</p><p>Variation and sexual dimorphism</p><p>Length ranging from 8.00 to 8.31 mm. Males with ventrite VI wider medially, female ventrite VI with the same length throughout. Males also have protibial spur flattened, while in females the protibial spur is narrowed and pointed.</p><p>Geographical distribution</p><p>The specimens examined were collected in the Brazilian state of São Paulo in the Paraná and Chacoan dominion.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C43E460F739D528FDE69773CB3E51E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C.;Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Vaz-De, Fernando Z.	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F737D525FE48956CCEB25144.text	6C43E460F737D525FE48956CCEB25144.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthidium (Neocanthidium) kelleri (Martinez et al. 1964)	<div><p>Canthidium (Neocanthidium) kelleri (Martínez et al., 1964)</p><p>Figs 1B, 5, 8</p><p>Neocanthidium kelleri Martínez et al., 1964: 172–177 (original description).</p><p>Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) paraguayanus Gandini &amp; Aguilar, 2009: 139, figs 1–8 (original description) (synonymized by Nunes &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2013: 416).</p><p>Canthidium (Canthidium) kelleri – Martínez &amp; Halffter 1986: 28 (new combination). — Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 191 (checklist). — Nunes &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2013: 416 (senior synonymy).</p><p>Canthidium (Neocanthidium) kelleri – Cupello 2018: 470 (new subgeneric assignment).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Canthidium kelleri differs from other species of the gigas group by the presence of a conical projection on the head which varies in development according to the size of the specimen.</p><p>Type specimens examined</p><p>Neocanthidium kelleri</p><p>Holotype ARGENTINA • ♂; handwritten label; “ARGENTINA/ MISSIONES / LORETO / En mongas him./ Coll. Martínez // Enc: 958”; “HOLOTYPUS”; “ Neocanthidium / kelleri sp. n. ♂ / M., H y P./ A. MARTÍNEZ DET.1963”; “ MACN-En 1223 ”; MACN.</p><p>Dichotomius paraguayanus</p><p>Holotype</p><p>PARAGUAY • ♂; “PARAGUAY: Concepcion, Zanja Moroti . 2.xi.2004 ”; originally in Gandini’s collection, now deposited in CEMT; CEMT.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>PARAGUAY • 1 ♀; Cordillera, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.083054&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.083054/lat -25.5)">Cerro Naranjo</a>; 25°30 ′ S, 57°04 ′ 59 ″ W; 15 May 2005; J. Rivas leg.; CEMT .</p><p>Other specimens examined</p><p>BRAZIL • 1 ♀; Distrito Federal, Brasília; 15°47 ′ 39.22 ″ S, 47°52 ′ 55.81 ″ W; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.882168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.794229" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.882168/lat -15.794229)">R.F. IBGE</a>; Dec.1997; I. Diniz leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Brasília, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.973267&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.95307" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.973267/lat -15.95307)">Fazenda Água Limpa</a>; 15°57 ′ 11.05 ″ S, 47°58 ′ 23.76 ″ W; 16 Sep. 1979; Amadur leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂ [paratype of N. kelleri]; Goiás, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=50.91966&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.792719" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 50.91966/lat -17.792719)">Rio Verde</a>; 17°47 ′ 33.79 ″ S, 50°55 ′ 10.77 ″ E; Dr. Nick leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.97167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.314167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.97167/lat -15.314167)">Fazenda [“Faz.”] Mutuca, Eucalipto-5</a>; 15°18 ′ 51 ″ S, 55°58 ′ 18 ″ W; 6 Mar. 2009; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as preceding, Cerrado-1; 3 Feb. 2009; CEMT • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.71611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.71611/lat -15.423612)">Chapada dos Guimarães, Cachoeira da Geladeira</a>; FIT; 15°25 ′ 25 ″ S, 55°42 ′ 58 ″ W; 6,200 m a.s.l.; 9–30 Jan. 2013; D. Gimo leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.716667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.033611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.716667/lat -15.033611)">Comunidade João Carro</a>; 15°02 ′ 01 ″ S, 55°43 ′ 00 ″ W; 300 m a.s.l., 3 May 2016; M. Serrano leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Mato Grosso do Sul; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.34774&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.41856" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.34774/lat -20.41856)">Selvíria, UNESP farm, Brachiaria decumbens pasture</a>; black light trap; 20°25 ′ 6.82 ″ S, 51°20 ′ 51.87 ″ W; 21 Sep. 2000; C.A.H. Flechtmann leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Minas Gerais, Cordisburgo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.28433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.095083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.28433/lat -19.095083)">Fazenda [“Faz”] Pontinha</a>; 19°5 ′ 42.30 ″ S, 44°17 ′ 3.58 ″ W; Jan. 1994; F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Jan. 1999; Falqueto and Vaz-de-Mello leg.; BMNH • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; CEMT • 1 ♀; Uberaba; 19°44 ′ 50.52 ″ S, 47°56 ′ 20.95 ″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; Lavras; 21°18 ′ 50.15 ″ S, 44°59 ′ 36.95 ″ W; 20 Jan. 2008; M.R. Rocha and D.H.T. Takahashi leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Arinos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.54568&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.242819" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.54568/lat -16.242819)">Rio Urucuia</a>; 16°14 ′ 34.15 ″ S, 45°32 ′ 44.46 ″ W; 20 Apr. 1994; N. Degallier leg.; BMNH • 1 ♂; Buritis, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.545303&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.173195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.545303/lat -15.173195)">Fazenda [“Faz”] Querência</a>; FIT; 15°10 ′ 23,5 ″ S, 46°32 ′ 43,1 ″ W; 978 m a.s.l.; 10 Jul. 2013 – 4 Feb. 2014; C.M. Oliveira leg.; CEMT .</p><p>Redescription</p><p>HEAD. Surface densely and distinctly punctated, especially on the clypeus. Frontoclypeal suture with conical projection.</p><p>PRONOTUM. Regularly convex, without projections, sometimes excavated anteriorly. Anterior edge slightly curved, sides arched.</p><p>HYPOMERON. Hypomeral carina incomplete.</p><p>METAVENTRITE. With simple and shallow punctation, laterobasal region with stronger punctation, lateral region with microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular.</p><p>MESEPIMERON AND MESEPISTERNUM. With shallow punctation, stronger microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular.</p><p>HIND LEG. Metafemora with a carina along posterior edge, anterior edge with setal fringe, surface with fine punctuation. Metatibiae elongated and gradually dilated towards the apex; external margin serrated.</p><p>AEDEAGUS. Parameres, in lateral view, with dorsal angulation at basal two-fifths.</p><p>Variation and sexual dimorphism</p><p>Length ranging from 8.95 to 11.54 mm. Smaller specimens have the frontal horn reduced in size, appearing as a transverse gibbosity. Pronotum with the anteromedial depression less visible and shallower in some specimens. Pygidium slightly less convex if compared with C. bokermanni . Males present a small tooth in the upper ventral part of their metatibiae. Males with ventrite VI wider medially, female ventrite VI with the same length throughout. Males also have protibial spur flattened, while in females the protibial spur is narrowed and pointed.</p><p>Geographical distribution</p><p>The specimens examined were collected in Paraguay (Cordillera) and Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Distrito Federal and Minas Gerais). It is present in the Cerrado and the Chaco biomes, which lie in the Chacoan dominion.</p><p>Comments</p><p>The holotype and one paratype originally identified as male of D. paraguayanus were examined by us and were shown to be C. kelleri, thus confirming the name’s synonymy with C. kelleri as firstly proposed by Nunes &amp; Vaz-de-Mello (2013). However, two paratypes originally said to be females by Gandini &amp; Aguilar (2009) are actually males, and belong to C. bokermanni . See comments below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C43E460F737D525FE48956CCEB25144	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C.;Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Vaz-De, Fernando Z.	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F735D523FDEA973ECBF55383.text	6C43E460F735D523FDEA973ECBF55383.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthidium (Neocanthidium) feeri Carvalho De Santana & Pacheco & Vaz-De 2019	<div><p>Canthidium (Neocanthidium) feeri sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EFF5685C-71C4-434D-9A9F-9431B46B0B36</p><p>Figs 1D, 6, 9</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Canthidium feeri sp. nov. differs from other species of the group by the distinct anterior pronotal punctation, apparently lacking punctures on the centre of the disc.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for François Feer, French scarabaeidologist, working at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris, France) who collected half of the type series.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype FRENCH GUIANA • ♂; “GUYANE FRANÇAISE: St/ Laurent du Maroni, Bélvédère/ de Saul, 03°37 ′ 22 ″ S / 53°12 ′ 57 ″ W, 17.i.2011 ”; “22363”; CEMT.</p><p>Paratypes FRENCH GUIANA • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Cayenne, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.0833335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.683334/lat 4.0833335)">Nouragues Nature Reserve</a>, primary forest, flight interception trap [“FIT”]; 4°5 ′ N, 52°41 ′ W; 28 Mar. 2002; F. Feer leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same location as for preceding; Apr. 2003; F. Feer leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Saül, Mt. Galbao; ex. flight int. trap; 3°37 ′ 18 ″ N 53°16 ′ 42 ″ N; 740 m a.s.l.; 5–7 Jun. 1997; J. Ashe and R. Brooks leg.; FG1AB97; #154; CMNC .</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Bélvédère de Saül, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, French Guiana, France.</p><p>Description (holotype)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Length: 9 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Surface dense and distinctly punctated. Frontoclypeal carina rectangular and with length less than three-fourths of interocular distance.</p><p>PRONOTUM. With anterior carina and lobes not evident, positioned just behind anterior border and separated from border by distance less than the border width; anterior region of disc punctated, posterior region with indefinite punctation.</p><p>HYPOMERON. Hypomeral carina complete.</p><p>METAVENTRITE. With simple and shallow punctation, laterobasal and lateral region with microsculpture finely strigulate.</p><p>MESEPIMERON AND MESEPISTERNUM. With shallow punctation and microsculpture finely strigulate.</p><p>HIND LEG. Metafemora with a carina along posterior edge, anterior edge with setal fringe, surface with fine punctation. Metatibiae elongated and gradually dilated towards the apex; external margin serrated.</p><p>AEDEAGUS. Parameres, in lateral view, dorsally with angulation on basal third.</p><p>Variation and sexual dimorphism</p><p>Total length ranging from 9.00 to 10.67 mm. Some males present a small tooth in the upper ventral part of their metatibiae and some have a protuberance on their basal half. Males with ventrite VI wider medially, female ventrite VI with the same length throughout. Males also have protibial spur flattened, while in females the protibial spur is narrowed and pointed.</p><p>Geographical distribution</p><p>All the specimens examined for this work were collected in French Guiana, which is located in the Boreal Brazilian dominion.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C43E460F735D523FDEA973ECBF55383	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C.;Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Vaz-De, Fernando Z.	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F733D521FDF19673C93B5182.text	6C43E460F733D521FDF19673C93B5182.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthidium (Neocanthidium) stofeli Carvalho De Santana & Pacheco & Vaz-De 2019	<div><p>Canthidium (Neocanthidium) stofeli sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1A3F5B17-8091-4ACC-B7DE-4311ADA3400D</p><p>Figs 7, 9</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Canthidium stofeli sp. nov. differs from the other species in the group by having two anterior medial projections, one on each side of the pronotum.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Roberto Stofel, for the field support during collections in Cotriguaçu.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; “BRASIL: Rondônia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.31676&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.749339" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.31676/lat -10.749339)">Guajará/ Mirim: Proprietário: Fandinho</a> / 10°44 ′ 57.62 ″ S, 65°19 ′ 0.32 ″ W / 138m. flor. Amaz. Isca: baço bov/ 24.II.2010 F.Coletti ”; “22366”; CEMT.</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Acre, Rio Branco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.86548&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.955491" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.86548/lat -9.955491)">Fazenda [“Faz”] Catuaba</a>; 9°57 ′ 19.77 ″ S, 65°51 ′ 55.72 ″ W; Feb. 1997; F. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Rondônia, Guajará-Mirim, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-4.7534723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.329753" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -4.7534723/lat -10.329753)">Sítio Coletti</a>; flight interception trap [“FIT”]; 10°19 ′ 47.11 ″ S, 4°45 ′ 12.5 ″ W; 170 m a.s.l.; 28 Jan. 2010; F. Coletti leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Pará, Tailândia, Empresa Agropalma; 9–16 Jul. 2016; P. Silva leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.963333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.2963889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.963333/lat -3.2963889)">Belterra</a>, forest; hum/ pig trap; 3°17 ′ 47 ″ S, 54°57 ′ 48 ″ W; 132 m a.s.l.; 24 Mar. 2017; F. França leg.; T2P3; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; T15P20; CEMT • 1 ♀; Mato Grosso, Querência, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.3526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.650891" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.3526/lat -12.650891)">Fazenda São Luiz, Amazon Forest</a>; flight interception trap [“FIT”]; 12°39 ′ 3.21 ″ S, 52°21 ′ 9.37 ″ W; Feb. 2009; R. Andrade leg.; CEMT • 2 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.2875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.581667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.2875/lat -11.581667)">Cláudia, Fazenda [“Faz”] Continental</a>; fungus; 11°34 ′ 54 ″ S, 55°17 ′ 15 ″ W; 20 Feb. 2010; M.F. Souza leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Cotriguaçu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.25083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.838611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.25083/lat -9.838611)">Matinha</a>; pitfall baited with fungus; 9°50 ′ 19 ″ S, 58°15 ′ 3 ″ W; 11–13 Jul. 2009; F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; BMNH • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; Cotriguaçu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.263054&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.819166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.263054/lat -9.819166)">Fazenda [“Faz”] São Nicolau</a>; flight interception trap [“FIT”]; 9°49 ′ 9 ″ S, 58°15 ′ 47 ″ W; 12–14 Jul. 2009; F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; BMNH • 1 ♂; Cotriguaçu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.261112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.818889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.261112/lat -9.818889)">Fazenda [“Faz”] São Nicolau</a>; pitfall baited with fungus; 9°49 ′ 8 ″ S, 58°15 ′ 40 ″ W; 17–21 May 2012; F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Cotriguaçu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.252777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.252777/lat -9.84)">Fazenda [“Faz”] São Nicolau</a>, primary forest; flight interception trap [“FIT”]; 9°50 ′ 24 ″ S, 58°15 ′ 10 ″ W; 250 m a.s.l.; 6 May 2009; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.259167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.821111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.259167/lat -9.821111)">Fazenda São Nicolau</a> (site 6), primary forest; flight int. trap; 9°49 ′ 16 ″ S, 58°15 ′ 33 ″ W; 220 m a.s.l.; 1 Dec. 2013; F. Génier leg.; CMNC 2013-118 • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.219166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.865556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.219166/lat -9.865556)">Fazenda São Nicolau</a> (site 5), riparian primary forest; flight int. trap; 9°51 ′ 56 ″ S 58°13 ′ 09 ″ W; 220 m a.s.l.; 3 Dec. 2013; F. Génier leg.; CMNC 2013-129 • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.259167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.821111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.259167/lat -9.821111)">Fazenda São Nicolau</a> (site 6), primary forest; flight int. trap; 9°49 ′ 16 ″ S, 58°15 ′ 33 ″ W; 220 m a.s.l.; 3 Dec. 2013; F. Génier leg.; CMNC 2013-131 .</p><p>PERU • 1 ♀; Madre de Dios, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.566944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.1/lat -12.566944)">CICRA Los Amigos B.S</a>; 12°34 ′ 1 ″ S, 70°06 ′ 0 ″ W; 250 m a.s.l.; 2005; T. Larsen leg.; TLC • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.10962&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.55207" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.10962/lat -12.55207)">CICRA Field Station</a>, trail 6, research plot; blue pan trap; 12.55207° S, 70.10962° W; 295 m a.s.l.; 7–9 Jun. 2011; Chaboo team leg.; SEMC PER-11-PTB-009 • 1 ♀; Rio Tambopata, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.10667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.649722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.10667/lat -12.649722)">Jorge Chavez</a>; flight intercept trap; 12°38 ′ 59 ″ S, 69°06 ′ 24 ″ W, 230 m a.s.l.; 28–29 Sep. 1999; T. Larsen leg.; CMNC • 1 ♀; Rio Palma Real Grande, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.86111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.538889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.86111/lat -12.538889)">Limon Camp</a>; flight intercept trap; 12°32 ′ 20 ″ S, 68°51 ′ 40 ″ W; 220 m a.s.l.; 9–10 Oct. 1999; T. Larsen leg.; CMNC • 1 ♀; Rio Palma Real Grande, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.86111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.538889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.86111/lat -12.538889)">Limon Camp</a>; flight intercept trap; 12°32 ′ 20 ″ S, 68°51 ′ 40 ″ W; 220 m a.s.l.; 13–14 Oct. 1999; T. Larsen leg.; CMNC .</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Guajará-Mirim, Rondônia, Brazil.</p><p>Description (holotype)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Length: 10 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Surface densely and distinctly punctated; with rectangular frontoclypeal carina, length greater than four-fifths of the interocular distance.</p><p>PRONOTUM. Completely punctate, with dense and distinct punctation, becoming more accentuated towards the centre of the disc, regularly convex with two medial projections anteriorly, one on each side.</p><p>HYPOMERON. Hypomeral carina slightly curved toward edge.</p><p>METAVENTRITE. With simple and shallow punctation, laterobasal region with stronger punctation, lateral region with microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular.</p><p>MESEPIMERON AND MESEPISTERNUM. With shallow punctation, stronger microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular.</p><p>HIND LEG. Metafemora with a carina along posterior edge, anterior edge with setal fringe, surface with fine punctation. Metatibiae elongated and gradually dilated towards the apex; external margin serrated.</p><p>AEDEAGUS. In dorsal view, parameres with a strong concave angulation and abruptly curved apex.</p><p>Variation and sexual dimorphism</p><p>Length ranging from 8.87 to 11.11 mm. The projections on the pronotal disc vary according to the size of the specimen, being allometrically developed as the size of the body increases. Males with ventrite VI wider medially, female ventrite VI with the same length throughout. Males also have protibial spur flattened, while in females the protibial spur is narrowed and pointed.</p><p>Geographic distribution</p><p>The specimens examined came from Brazil (Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Pará) and Peru (Madre de Dios). The species occurs in the southern region of the Amazon biome, corresponding to the Southeastern Amazonian dominion and Boreal Brazilian dominion.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C43E460F733D521FDF19673C93B5182	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C.;Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Vaz-De, Fernando Z.	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F731D53DFE1F9073C9D45332.text	6C43E460F731D53DFE1F9073C9D45332.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthidium (Neocanthidium) gigas Balthasar 1939	<div><p>Canthidium (Neocanthidium) gigas Balthasar, 1939</p><p>Figs 1.A, C, 2, 10</p><p>Canthidium gigas Balthasar, 1939: 127, 128 (original description)</p><p>Canthidium gigas – Martínez 1947: 111 (checklist).</p><p>Canthidium (Canthidium) gigas – Martínez &amp; Halffter 1986: 27 (checklist).</p><p>Canthidium (Neocanthidium) gigas – Cupello 2018: 469 (new subgeneric assignment).</p><p>Neocanthidium gigas – Vulcano &amp; Pereira 1964: 592 (identification key).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♀; handwritten label; “Cayenne”; “Coll C Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918”; “ C. gigas / sp. m./ Dr. V. Balthasar det.”; “ gigas / m.”; “TYPUS”; “HOLOTYPE ♀ ”; NMPC.</p><p>Other specimens examined</p><p>BRAZIL • 1 ♀; Espírito Santo, Domingos Martins, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.015415&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.38887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.015415/lat -20.38887)">Parque Estadual [“P.E.”] Pedra Azul</a>; 20°23 ′ 19.93 ″ S, 41°0 ′ 55.49 ″ W; Jan. 2000; Lopes-Andrade and F. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Venda Nova do Imigrante; 20°19 ′ 39.02 ″ S, 41°8 ′ 9.36 ″ W; Feb. 1998; Falqueto and Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia [“Itatiaya”]; 22°29 ′ 29 ″ S, 44°33 ′ 33 ″ W; 12 Dec. 1933; J.F. Zikán leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Nova Friburgo; 22°16 ′ 55 ″ S, 42°31 ′ 5 ″ W; Dec. 1995; P. Grossi and E. Grossi leg.; CEMT • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; Nova Friburgo; Nov. 2001; E. Grossi leg.; AMBC • 1 ♀; Nova Friburgo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.513443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.402348" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.513443/lat -22.402348)">Macaé de Cima</a>; 22°24 ′ 8.45 ″ S, 42°30 ′ 48.39 ″ W; Jan. 1999; P. Grossi leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Mar. 2000; Vazde-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Dec. 2001; E. and P. Grossi leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Jan. 2000; Grossi leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; BMNH • 1 ♂; Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado; Dec. 1959; M. Alvarenga leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; São Paulo, São Luiz do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da [“Pq. Est.”] Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virgínia; Nov. 2004; M. Uehara leg.; AMBC • 1 ♀; Minas Gerais, Ingaí, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.927727&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.518902" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.927727/lat -21.518902)">Reserva do Boqueirão, UNILAVRAS</a>, gallery forest; flight interception trap [“FIT”]; 21°31 ′ 08.05 ″ S, 44°55 ′ 39.81 ″ E; 13 Nov. 2002; Silva and Frieiro-Costa leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Viçosa, FIT; 20°45 ′ 17.52 ″ S, 42°52 ′ 42.88 ″ W; Nov. 1999; Andrade and Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; BMNH • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Jan. 1999; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 3 ♀♀, 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Nov. 1998; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.868244&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.764442" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.868244/lat -20.764442)">Universidade Federal de Viçosa</a>; FIT; 20°45 ′ 51.99 ″ S, 42°52 ′ 5.68 ″ W; Mar. 1998; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Viçosa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.85/lat -20.75)">Mata da Biologia</a>; 20°45 ′ S, 42°51 ′ W; Nov. 2000; F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.85/lat -20.75)">Mata do Paraíso</a>; Dec. 2000; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as preceding; Dec. 1998; Falqueto and Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as preceding; Dec. 1999, Vaz-de-Mello CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding, FIT; 13 Feb. 2015; S. Aloquio, A. Orsetti, C. Lopes-Andrade and M. Bento leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Berizal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.654446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.654446/lat -15.655)">fazenda [‘Faz”] Veredão</a>; 15°39 ′ 18 ″ S, 41°39 ′ 16 ″ W, 13–18 Dec. 2012; P. Grossi leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Distrito Federal, Brasília, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.939503&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.940306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.939503/lat -15.940306)">FAL-UNB [“Faz Água Limpa”]</a>, gallery forest; FIT; 15°56 ′ 25.1 ″ S, 47°56 ′ 22.2 ″ W; 4 Dec. 2013; T. Bernardes leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; PNB, gallery forest, FIT; 14°44 ′ 49,5 ″ S, 48°00 ′ 32,3 ″ W; 11 Nov. 2015; N.H.D.Silva leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 21 Dec. 2015; N.H.D. Silva leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 27 Nov. 2015; N.H.D. Silva leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 12 Jan. 2016; N.H.D.Silva leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Paraná, Campina Grande do Sul, Estrada da mandaçaia; FIT; 25°17 ′ 54 ″ S, 49°02 ′ 30 ″ W; 7–10 Apr. 2014; F.W.T. Leivas leg.; CEMT .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Canthidium gigas resembles C. bokermanni in the presence of a transverse carina on the head and distinct punctation on the pronotal disc. They differ only in the dorsal curvature of the parameres. In C. gigas, in dorsal view, the parameres have a strong angulation on their apical half and bear a concave medial excavation from the middle to the apex; in lateral view, the parameres have a dorsal angulation of 120°. In C. bokermanni, in dorsal view, the apical angulation is almost absent and there is a shallow medial excavation at the apex; in lateral view, the parameres have a dorsal internal angulation of 160°.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Originally said to be Cayenne, French Guiana, but this is an error. See geographic distribution below.</p><p>Redescription</p><p>HEAD. Surface with dense and distinct punctation, particularly on clypeus. With a transverse raised projection in the front.</p><p>PRONOTUM. Without anteromedial depression, disc anteriorly convex, sometimes with an anterior sinuosity forming two broad and shallow depressions (both surrounding the medial line). Surface with dense and distinct punctation, attenuating towards the centre of disc, where punctation is fine and sparse.</p><p>HYPOMERON. With microstriae and setae in the basal part. Hypomeral carina complete curved throughout its length.</p><p>METAVENTRITE. With simple and shallow punctation, laterobasal region with stronger punctation, lateral region with microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular.</p><p>MESEPIMERON AND MESEPISTERNUM. With shallow punctation, stronger microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular.</p><p>HIND LEG. Metafemora with a carina along posterior edge, anterior edge with setal fringe, surface with fine punctation. Metatibiae elongated and gradually dilated towards the apex presenting a sinuosity; external margin serrated.</p><p>AEDEAGUS. In dorsal view, parameres with a strong angulation in apical half and with a concave excavation from the middle to the apex; in lateral view, with internal medial angulation of 120° dorsally.</p><p>Variations and sexual dimorphism</p><p>Length ranging from 9.40 to 12.65 mm. Transverse projection of head sometimes not well defined. The males have a tooth in the upper ventral part, more developed in some specimens than in others. Males with ventrite VI wider medially, female ventrite VI of the same length throughout. Males also have protibial spur flattened, while in females the protibial spur is narrowed and pointed.</p><p>Geographical distribution</p><p>The specimens examined were mostly collected in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Espírito Santo and Paraná in the Atlantic rainforest biome, located in the Paraná dominion. The record from Distrito Federal is surprising for the species. Judging from the rest of the known distribution, its presence there may be due to gallery forest connecting it to the Atlantic Forest on the coast. Although the holotype is labelled as coming from French Guiana, we believe this represents a mislabelling, since no other specimens have been reported from that region. Furthermore, the German entomologist Carl Felsche (who acquired the specimen) was known for buying insects, and this kind of mislabelling has been seen before with his specimens (FZVM, personal observation).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C43E460F731D53DFE1F9073C9D45332	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C.;Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Vaz-De, Fernando Z.	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F72DD53BFE6D95C3CE56532F.text	6C43E460F72DD53BFE6D95C3CE56532F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canthidium (Neocanthidium) bokermanni (Martinez et al. 1964)	<div><p>Canthidium (Neocanthidium) bokermanni (Martínez et al., 1964)</p><p>Figs 3, 10</p><p>Neocanthidium bokermanni Martínez et al., 1964: 168 ‒ 172 (original description).</p><p>Neocanthidium bokermanni – Solís &amp; Kohlmann 2004: 5 (checklist). — Kohlmann &amp; Solís 2006: 236 (checklist). — Cupello 2018: 453, 465, 467 (checklist).</p><p>Canthidium (Canthidium) bokermanni – Martínez &amp; Halffter 1986: 21 (checklist).</p><p>Canthidium bokermanni – Nunes &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2013: 416 (mention).</p><p>Canthidium (Neocanthidium) bokermanni – Cupello 2018: 467 (new subgeneric assignment).</p><p>Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) paraguayanus Gandini &amp; Aguilar, 2009 (parts): 139, figs 1–8 (2 paratypes).</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>Holotype ARGENTINA • ♂; handwritten label; “ARGENTINA, TUCUMAN, Dto BURRUYAÇÚ/ Km. 5 Burruyaçu/ a San Ramón/ Coll. Martínez // 28-III- 946 ”; “HOLOTYPUS”; “ Neocanthidium / bokermanni / M., H. y P sp. n. ♂ / A. MARTÍNEZ DET.1963”; “ MACN-En 903 ”; MACN.</p><p>Paratypes BOLIVIA • 1 ♀; Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz de la Sierra; 17°52 ′ 00.00 ″ S, 63°00 ′ 00.00 ″ E; 10 Nov. 1955; R. Zischa leg.; CEMT .</p><p>Dichotomius paraguayanus</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>PARAGUAY • 1 ♂; Concepción, Zanja Morotí; 17 Nov. 2001; Martínez leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Boquerón, Loma Plata; 24 Sep. 1995; Drechsel leg.; CEMT .</p><p>Other specimens examined</p><p>ARGENTINA • 1 ♀; Chaco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.697083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.143278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.697083/lat -26.143278)">Potrero</a>; 26º08 ′ 35.8 ″ S, 61º41 ′ 49.5 ″ W; 31 Oct. 2016; Guerra Alonso leg.; CEMT .</p><p>BOLIVIA • 1 ♂; Santa Cruz, Germán Busch, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=57.798054&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 57.798054/lat -18.966667)">Puerto Suárez, Cerro de Mutum</a>; 18°58 ′ 00 ″ S, 57°47 ′ 53.00 ″ E; Dec. 2012; P. Wagner leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Tarija, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.448055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.814722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.448055/lat -21.814722)">between Caiza and Crevaux</a>; blue light; 21°48 ′ 53 ″ S, 63°26 ′ 53 ″ W; 536 m a.s.l.; 5 Jan. 2005; Mann, Hamel and Herzog leg.; OUMNH .</p><p>BRAZIL • 1 ♀; Mato Grosso, Cuiabá; 8 Mar. 2016; L.P. Melo leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.283334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.25/lat -14.283334)">Chapada dos Parecis</a>, 30 km N Uirapuru; FIT; 14°17 ′ S, 59°15 ′ W; 1–15 Dec. 2001; A. Foucart leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Diamantino, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.123055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.36389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.123055/lat -14.36389)">Vale da Solidão</a>, riparian Forest; 14°21 ′ 50 ″ S, 56°7 ′ 23 ″ W; 18 Feb. 2009; D.T.C. Oliveira leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 26 Jan. 2009; D.T.C. Oliveira leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 14°21 ′ 52 ″ S, 56°7 ′ 23 ″ W; 23 Dec. 2008 – 26 Jan. 2009; D.T.C. Oliveira leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 14°22 ′ 23 ″ S, 56°7 ′ 25 ″ W; 31 Jan.–14 Feb. 2009; D.T.C. Oliveira leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Porto Estrela, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.216946&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.653889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.216946/lat -15.653889)">Estação Ecológica [“Est. Eco”] Serra das Araras</a>; light trap; 15°39 ′ 14 ″ S, 57°13 ′ 1 ″ W; Nov. 2003; L. Kaminski leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.216946&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.653889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.216946/lat -15.653889)">Boca do José</a>; FIT; 15°39 ′ 14 ″ S, 57°13 ′ 1 ″ W; Nov. 2003; R. Nunes leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Tangará da Serra; 27 Mar. 2016; G.A.A. Arenhart leg.; BMNH • 2 ♀♀; Tangará da Serra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.674446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.545" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.674446/lat -14.545)">Chácara Asa Branca</a>; manual collection; 14°32 ′ 42 ″ S, 58°40 ′ 28 ″ W; Nov. 2011; E. Meurer leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Tangará da Serra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.423336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.649445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.423336/lat -14.649445)">Campus UNEMAT</a>; light trap; 14º38 ′ 58 ″ S, 57º25 ′ 24 ″ W; 439 m a.s.l.; R.J. Silva leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.41528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.651111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.41528/lat -14.651111)">Chácara Paraíso</a>, semideciduous forest; FIT; 14°39 ′ 4 ″ S, 57°24 ′ 55 ″ W; 460 m a.s.l.; 26 Jan. 2011; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; BMNH • 2 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.283334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.25/lat -14.283334)">Campos de Júlio, Chapada dos Parecis</a>, 30 km N of Uirapuru; FIT; 14°17 ′ S, 59°15 ′ W; Dec. 2002; A. Foucart leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Cuiabá; 8 Mar. 2016; P.L. Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Cláudia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.09833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.628889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.09833/lat -11.628889)">Fazenda [“Faz.”] Iracema</a>; 11º37 ′ 44 ″ S, 55º05 ′ 54 ″ W; 20 Feb. 2011; M.F. Souza leg.; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; Mato Grosso do Sul, Corguinho, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.829166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.8325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.829166/lat -19.8325)">Quinta do Sol</a>; FIT; 19°49 ′ 57 ″ S, 54°49 ′ 45 ″ W; Feb. 2011; L.O. Bavutti leg.; CEMT .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Canthidium bokermanni resembles C. gigas in the presence of a transverse carina on the head and distinct punctation of the pronotal disc; it differs only in the dorsal angles of the parameres. See comments under C. gigas for more details.</p><p>Redescription</p><p>HEAD. Surface with dense and distinctly punctation, especially on clypeus. With a transverse raised projection in the front.</p><p>PRONOTUM. Without anteromedial depression, disc anteriorly convex, sometimes with an anterior sinuosity forming two broad and shallow depressions (both surrounding the medial line).</p><p>HYPOMERON. With microstriae and setae in the basal part. Hypomeral carina complete, curved throughout its length.</p><p>METAVENTRITE. With simple and shallow punctation, laterobasal region with stronger punctation, lateral region with microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular.</p><p>MESEPIMERON AND MESEPISTERNUM. With shallow punctation, stronger microsculpture obscurely variolate, semicircular.</p><p>HIND LEG. Metafemora with a carina along posterior edge, anterior edge with setal fringe, surface with fine punctation. Metatibiae elongated and gradually dilated towards the apex; external margin serrated.</p><p>AEDEAGUS. In dorsal view, parameres lacking angulation apically and with a shallow excavation at apex; in lateral view, dorsally with internal median angulation of 160°.</p><p>Variation and sexual dimorphism</p><p>Total length ranges from 9 to 13 mm. The transverse carina of the head varies from rectangular to oval, regardless of the size and sex of the specimen. The males have a tooth in the upper ventral part, more developed in some specimens than in others. Males have ventrite VI wider medially, female ventrite VI is of the same length throughout. Males also have protibial spur flattened, while in females the protibial spur is narrowed and pointed.</p><p>Geographical distribution</p><p>The specimens examined were collected in Argentina (Chaco), Brazil (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), and Paraguay (Concepción and Boquerón). The species occurs in two different biogeographic dominions: the Chacoan dominion and the South Brazilian dominion.</p><p>Comments</p><p>Two paratypes of Dichotomius paraguayanus, which were incorrectly interpreted as females by Gandini &amp; Aguilar (2009), proved to be males and to belong to C. bokermanni .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C43E460F72DD53BFE6D95C3CE56532F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C.;Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Vaz-De, Fernando Z.	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
