taxonID	type	description	language	source
6C43E460F73DD52CFDFD900BCBA45088.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Species of the gigas group are readily recognizable from other members of the genus by their large (8 to 15 mm), globose black body, which contrasts with the light-coloured antennae. In addition, the group shows coarse punctation on head and anterior surface of the pronotum; dorsal surface of the eyes posteriorly narrowed; interocular distance approximately seven times wider than the maximum dorsal eye width, and clypeus with two well-defined rounded teeth separated by an acute angle.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F73DD52CFDFD900BCBA45088.taxon	description	Description Clypeal margin well defined internally, with two more or less rounded teeth medially, separated by an acute angle. Clypeogenal suture distinct. Hypomeron with coarse longitudinal microsculpture between punctuation and obliquely-oriented setae. Prosternum with few long setae, with greater concentration at central region, the apex of each setae reaches mesoventrite. Profemora with ventral surface with a longitudinal carina along posterior margin and with a distinct row of punctures along anterior margin, each puncture with a golden seta; surface with microstriae; tibiofemoral joint with a tuft of golden setae. Protibiae widening towards apex, external edge with three teeth, external edge serrate between proximal tooth and base, dorsal surface with punctation along the central axis, anteriorly with long setae; venter with longitudinal carina and a single row of punctures parallel to lateral edge. Protibial spur tapering towards apex and more or less angulate at apical third in females or wider apically and bent ventrally at median half in males. Tarsi with five tarsomeres; claws simple, strongly curved. Mesofemora with a carina along posterior edge, ventral surface with some setae anteroapically, centre and apex with minute punctation. Mesotibiae with narrow basal half, apical half abruptly dilated, with carina and punctation along anterior margin, near the carina with punctation; external edge with small teeth, internal edge smooth. First mesotarsomere as long as next two mesotarsomeres combined; second to fourth mesotarsomeres decreasing gradually in length and fifth mesotarsomere longer than the fourth; claws simple and strongly curved; two apical spurs, one as long as the first mesotarsomere and the other as long as the first and second mesotarsomeres combined. Elytral striae wide and distinct, with circular punctures slightly wider than the striae. Interstriae with small, scattered punctures. Pseudepipleuron narrowing gradually towards the apex, where it dilates slightly at the end of the fifth striae; surface with sparse fine punctation. Abdomen glabrous, finely punctate. Pygidium convex, margined along posterior edge, distinctly punctate. Sexual dimorphism Males and females can be differentiated by the protibial spur, which has a narrow apex in females and is flattened in males.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F739D528FDE69773CB3E51E7.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 0209148 B- 40 FB- 43 DE- 8566 - 3 EEB 43646298 Figs 4, 8	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F739D528FDE69773CB3E51E7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Canthidium ayri sp. nov. is differentiated from the other species in the group by the unarmed head and pronotum, lacking projections.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F739D528FDE69773CB3E51E7.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named for Ayr de Moura Bello, great collector and enthusiast of Brazilian beetles, directly or indirectly responsible for the present increase of studies on Brazilian Coleoptera.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F739D528FDE69773CB3E51E7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; “ Cerqueira César / SP-Brasil / II- 1995 / COL. J. Carlos ”; CEMT, ex AMBC. Paratypes BRAZIL – São Paulo • 1 ♀; Anhembi; EECFA, Esalq / USP; light trap, Eucalyptus urophylla; 22 ° 40 ′ S, 48 ° 10 ′ W; E. N. L. Ferreira leg.; CEMT. – Paraná • 1 ♀; Icaraima, Estância Felipe; same collection data as for preceding; 23 Dec. 2018 – 5 Jan. 2019; D. F. Rodrigues leg.; CEMT. – Minas Gerais • 1 ♂; Monjolinho; 19 ° 33 ′ 10 ″ S, 49 ° 15 ′ 25 ″ E; Nov. 1989; CEMT • 3 ♂♂; 6 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; Dec. 1988; CEMT • 1 ♂; 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Dec. 1988; BMNH • 1 ♀; Três Marias; 18 ° 12 ′ 23 ″ S, 45 ° 13 ′ 53 ″ E; Nov. 1989; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Nov. 1991; J. C. Zanúncio leg.; CEMT.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F739D528FDE69773CB3E51E7.taxon	description	Description (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Length: 8 mm. HEAD. Surface with microsculpture obscurely variolate. Without frontoclypeal carina. PRONOTUM. Regularly convex, strongly and completely punctate, without projections along anterior margin. HYPOMERON. Hypomeral carina complete. METAVENTRITE. With simple and shallow punctation, laterobasal region with stronger punctation, lateral region with microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular. MESEPIMERON AND MESEPISTERNUM. With shallow punctation, stronger microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular. HIND LEG. Metafemora with a carina along posterior edge, anterior edge with setal fringe, surface with fine punctation. Metatibiae elongated and gradually dilated towards the apex; external margin serrated. AEDEAGUS. In dorsal view, parameres with median angulation nearly absent and with a shallow apical cavity; in lateral view, with dorsal angulation at the basal one-third. Variation and sexual dimorphism Length ranging from 8.00 to 8.31 mm. Males with ventrite VI wider medially, female ventrite VI with the same length throughout. Males also have protibial spur flattened, while in females the protibial spur is narrowed and pointed.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F739D528FDE69773CB3E51E7.taxon	distribution	Geographical distribution The specimens examined were collected in the Brazilian state of São Paulo in the Paraná and Chacoan dominion.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F737D525FE48956CCEB25144.taxon	description	Figs 1 B, 5, 8	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F737D525FE48956CCEB25144.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Canthidium kelleri differs from other species of the gigas group by the presence of a conical projection on the head which varies in development according to the size of the specimen.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F737D525FE48956CCEB25144.taxon	materials_examined	Type specimens examined Neocanthidium kelleri Holotype ARGENTINA • ♂; handwritten label; “ ARGENTINA / MISSIONES / LORETO / En mongas him. / Coll. Martínez // Enc: 958 ”; “ HOLOTYPUS ”; “ Neocanthidium / kelleri sp. n. ♂ / M., H y P. / A. MARTÍNEZ DET. 1963 ”; “ MACN-En 1223 ”; MACN. Dichotomius paraguayanus Holotype PARAGUAY • ♂; “ PARAGUAY: Concepcion, Zanja Moroti. 2. xi. 2004 ”; originally in Gandini’s collection, now deposited in CEMT; CEMT. Paratypes PARAGUAY • 1 ♀; Cordillera, Cerro Naranjo; 25 ° 30 ′ S, 57 ° 04 ′ 59 ″ W; 15 May 2005; J. Rivas leg.; CEMT. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♀; Distrito Federal, Brasília; 15 ° 47 ′ 39.22 ″ S, 47 ° 52 ′ 55.81 ″ W; R. F. IBGE; Dec. 1997; I. Diniz leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa; 15 ° 57 ′ 11.05 ″ S, 47 ° 58 ′ 23.76 ″ W; 16 Sep. 1979; Amadur leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂ [paratype of N. kelleri]; Goiás, Rio Verde; 17 ° 47 ′ 33.79 ″ S, 50 ° 55 ′ 10.77 ″ E; Dr. Nick leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Fazenda [“ Faz. ”] Mutuca, Eucalipto- 5; 15 ° 18 ′ 51 ″ S, 55 ° 58 ′ 18 ″ W; 6 Mar. 2009; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as preceding, Cerrado- 1; 3 Feb. 2009; CEMT • 1 ♂; Chapada dos Guimarães, Cachoeira da Geladeira; FIT; 15 ° 25 ′ 25 ″ S, 55 ° 42 ′ 58 ″ W; 6,200 m a. s. l.; 9 – 30 Jan. 2013; D. Gimo leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding, Comunidade João Carro; 15 ° 02 ′ 01 ″ S, 55 ° 43 ′ 00 ″ W; 300 m a. s. l., 3 May 2016; M. Serrano leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Mato Grosso do Sul; Selvíria, UNESP farm, Brachiaria decumbens pasture; black light trap; 20 ° 25 ′ 6.82 ″ S, 51 ° 20 ′ 51.87 ″ W; 21 Sep. 2000; C. A. H. Flechtmann leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Minas Gerais, Cordisburgo, Fazenda [“ Faz ”] Pontinha; 19 ° 5 ′ 42.30 ″ S, 44 ° 17 ′ 3.58 ″ W; Jan. 1994; F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Jan. 1999; Falqueto and Vaz-de-Mello leg.; BMNH • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; CEMT • 1 ♀; Uberaba; 19 ° 44 ′ 50.52 ″ S, 47 ° 56 ′ 20.95 ″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; Lavras; 21 ° 18 ′ 50.15 ″ S, 44 ° 59 ′ 36.95 ″ W; 20 Jan. 2008; M. R. Rocha and D. H. T. Takahashi leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Arinos, Rio Urucuia; 16 ° 14 ′ 34.15 ″ S, 45 ° 32 ′ 44.46 ″ W; 20 Apr. 1994; N. Degallier leg.; BMNH • 1 ♂; Buritis, Fazenda [“ Faz ”] Querência; FIT; 15 ° 10 ′ 23,5 ″ S, 46 ° 32 ′ 43,1 ″ W; 978 m a. s. l.; 10 Jul. 2013 – 4 Feb. 2014; C. M. Oliveira leg.; CEMT.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F737D525FE48956CCEB25144.taxon	description	Redescription HEAD. Surface densely and distinctly punctated, especially on the clypeus. Frontoclypeal suture with conical projection. PRONOTUM. Regularly convex, without projections, sometimes excavated anteriorly. Anterior edge slightly curved, sides arched. HYPOMERON. Hypomeral carina incomplete. METAVENTRITE. With simple and shallow punctation, laterobasal region with stronger punctation, lateral region with microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular. MESEPIMERON AND MESEPISTERNUM. With shallow punctation, stronger microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular. HIND LEG. Metafemora with a carina along posterior edge, anterior edge with setal fringe, surface with fine punctuation. Metatibiae elongated and gradually dilated towards the apex; external margin serrated. AEDEAGUS. Parameres, in lateral view, with dorsal angulation at basal two-fifths. Variation and sexual dimorphism Length ranging from 8.95 to 11.54 mm. Smaller specimens have the frontal horn reduced in size, appearing as a transverse gibbosity. Pronotum with the anteromedial depression less visible and shallower in some specimens. Pygidium slightly less convex if compared with C. bokermanni. Males present a small tooth in the upper ventral part of their metatibiae. Males with ventrite VI wider medially, female ventrite VI with the same length throughout. Males also have protibial spur flattened, while in females the protibial spur is narrowed and pointed. Geographical distribution The specimens examined were collected in Paraguay (Cordillera) and Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Distrito Federal and Minas Gerais). It is present in the Cerrado and the Chaco biomes, which lie in the Chacoan dominion.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F737D525FE48956CCEB25144.taxon	discussion	Comments The holotype and one paratype originally identified as male of D. paraguayanus were examined by us and were shown to be C. kelleri, thus confirming the name’s synonymy with C. kelleri as firstly proposed by Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello (2013). However, two paratypes originally said to be females by Gandini & Aguilar (2009) are actually males, and belong to C. bokermanni. See comments below.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F735D523FDEA973ECBF55383.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: EFF 5685 C- 71 C 4 - 434 D- 9 A 9 F- 9431 B 46 B 0 B 36 Figs 1 D, 6, 9	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F735D523FDEA973ECBF55383.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Canthidium feeri sp. nov. differs from other species of the group by the distinct anterior pronotal punctation, apparently lacking punctures on the centre of the disc.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F735D523FDEA973ECBF55383.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named for François Feer, French scarabaeidologist, working at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris, France) who collected half of the type series.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F735D523FDEA973ECBF55383.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype FRENCH GUIANA • ♂; “ GUYANE FRANÇAISE: St / Laurent du Maroni, Bélvédère / de Saul, 03 ° 37 ′ 22 ″ S / 53 ° 12 ′ 57 ″ W, 17. i. 2011 ”; “ 22363 ”; CEMT. Paratypes FRENCH GUIANA • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Cayenne, Nouragues Nature Reserve, primary forest, flight interception trap [“ FIT ”]; 4 ° 5 ′ N, 52 ° 41 ′ W; 28 Mar. 2002; F. Feer leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same location as for preceding; Apr. 2003; F. Feer leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Saül, Mt. Galbao; ex. flight int. trap; 3 ° 37 ′ 18 ″ N 53 ° 16 ′ 42 ″ N; 740 m a. s. l.; 5 – 7 Jun. 1997; J. Ashe and R. Brooks leg.; FG 1 AB 97; # 154; CMNC. Type locality Bélvédère de Saül, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, French Guiana, France.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F735D523FDEA973ECBF55383.taxon	description	Description (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Length: 9 mm. HEAD. Surface dense and distinctly punctated. Frontoclypeal carina rectangular and with length less than three-fourths of interocular distance. PRONOTUM. With anterior carina and lobes not evident, positioned just behind anterior border and separated from border by distance less than the border width; anterior region of disc punctated, posterior region with indefinite punctation. HYPOMERON. Hypomeral carina complete. METAVENTRITE. With simple and shallow punctation, laterobasal and lateral region with microsculpture finely strigulate. MESEPIMERON AND MESEPISTERNUM. With shallow punctation and microsculpture finely strigulate. HIND LEG. Metafemora with a carina along posterior edge, anterior edge with setal fringe, surface with fine punctation. Metatibiae elongated and gradually dilated towards the apex; external margin serrated. AEDEAGUS. Parameres, in lateral view, dorsally with angulation on basal third. Variation and sexual dimorphism Total length ranging from 9.00 to 10.67 mm. Some males present a small tooth in the upper ventral part of their metatibiae and some have a protuberance on their basal half. Males with ventrite VI wider medially, female ventrite VI with the same length throughout. Males also have protibial spur flattened, while in females the protibial spur is narrowed and pointed.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F735D523FDEA973ECBF55383.taxon	distribution	Geographical distribution All the specimens examined for this work were collected in French Guiana, which is located in the Boreal Brazilian dominion.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F733D521FDF19673C93B5182.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 1 A 3 F 5 B 17 - 8091 - 4 ACC-B 7 DE- 4311 ADA 3400 D Figs 7, 9	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F733D521FDF19673C93B5182.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Canthidium stofeli sp. nov. differs from the other species in the group by having two anterior medial projections, one on each side of the pronotum.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F733D521FDF19673C93B5182.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named after Roberto Stofel, for the field support during collections in Cotriguaçu.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F733D521FDF19673C93B5182.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; “ BRASIL: Rondônia: Guajará / Mirim: Proprietário: Fandinho / 10 ° 44 ′ 57.62 ″ S, 65 ° 19 ′ 0.32 ″ W / 138 m. flor. Amaz. Isca: baço bov / 24. II. 2010 F. Coletti ”; “ 22366 ”; CEMT. Paratypes BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Acre, Rio Branco, Fazenda [“ Faz ”] Catuaba; 9 ° 57 ′ 19.77 ″ S, 65 ° 51 ′ 55.72 ″ W; Feb. 1997; F. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Rondônia, Guajará-Mirim, Sítio Coletti; flight interception trap [“ FIT ”]; 10 ° 19 ′ 47.11 ″ S, 4 ° 45 ′ 12.5 ″ W; 170 m a. s. l.; 28 Jan. 2010; F. Coletti leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Pará, Tailândia, Empresa Agropalma; 9 – 16 Jul. 2016; P. Silva leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Belterra, forest; hum / pig trap; 3 ° 17 ′ 47 ″ S, 54 ° 57 ′ 48 ″ W; 132 m a. s. l.; 24 Mar. 2017; F. França leg.; T 2 P 3; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; T 15 P 20; CEMT • 1 ♀; Mato Grosso, Querência, Fazenda São Luiz, Amazon Forest; flight interception trap [“ FIT ”]; 12 ° 39 ′ 3.21 ″ S, 52 ° 21 ′ 9.37 ″ W; Feb. 2009; R. Andrade leg.; CEMT • 2 ♂♂; Cláudia, Fazenda [“ Faz ”] Continental; fungus; 11 ° 34 ′ 54 ″ S, 55 ° 17 ′ 15 ″ W; 20 Feb. 2010; M. F. Souza leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Cotriguaçu, Matinha; pitfall baited with fungus; 9 ° 50 ′ 19 ″ S, 58 ° 15 ′ 3 ″ W; 11 – 13 Jul. 2009; F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; BMNH • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; Cotriguaçu, Fazenda [“ Faz ”] São Nicolau; flight interception trap [“ FIT ”]; 9 ° 49 ′ 9 ″ S, 58 ° 15 ′ 47 ″ W; 12 – 14 Jul. 2009; F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; BMNH • 1 ♂; Cotriguaçu, Fazenda [“ Faz ”] São Nicolau; pitfall baited with fungus; 9 ° 49 ′ 8 ″ S, 58 ° 15 ′ 40 ″ W; 17 – 21 May 2012; F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Cotriguaçu, Fazenda [“ Faz ”] São Nicolau, primary forest; flight interception trap [“ FIT ”]; 9 ° 50 ′ 24 ″ S, 58 ° 15 ′ 10 ″ W; 250 m a. s. l.; 6 May 2009; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Fazenda São Nicolau (site 6), primary forest; flight int. trap; 9 ° 49 ′ 16 ″ S, 58 ° 15 ′ 33 ″ W; 220 m a. s. l.; 1 Dec. 2013; F. Génier leg.; CMNC 2013 - 118 • 1 ♀; Fazenda São Nicolau (site 5), riparian primary forest; flight int. trap; 9 ° 51 ′ 56 ″ S 58 ° 13 ′ 09 ″ W; 220 m a. s. l.; 3 Dec. 2013; F. Génier leg.; CMNC 2013 - 129 • 1 ♀; Fazenda São Nicolau (site 6), primary forest; flight int. trap; 9 ° 49 ′ 16 ″ S, 58 ° 15 ′ 33 ″ W; 220 m a. s. l.; 3 Dec. 2013; F. Génier leg.; CMNC 2013 - 131. PERU • 1 ♀; Madre de Dios, CICRA Los Amigos B. S; 12 ° 34 ′ 1 ″ S, 70 ° 06 ′ 0 ″ W; 250 m a. s. l.; 2005; T. Larsen leg.; TLC • 1 ♀; CICRA Field Station, trail 6, research plot; blue pan trap; 12.55207 ° S, 70.10962 ° W; 295 m a. s. l.; 7 – 9 Jun. 2011; Chaboo team leg.; SEMC PER- 11 - PTB- 009 • 1 ♀; Rio Tambopata, Jorge Chavez; flight intercept trap; 12 ° 38 ′ 59 ″ S, 69 ° 06 ′ 24 ″ W, 230 m a. s. l.; 28 – 29 Sep. 1999; T. Larsen leg.; CMNC • 1 ♀; Rio Palma Real Grande, Limon Camp; flight intercept trap; 12 ° 32 ′ 20 ″ S, 68 ° 51 ′ 40 ″ W; 220 m a. s. l.; 9 – 10 Oct. 1999; T. Larsen leg.; CMNC • 1 ♀; Rio Palma Real Grande, Limon Camp; flight intercept trap; 12 ° 32 ′ 20 ″ S, 68 ° 51 ′ 40 ″ W; 220 m a. s. l.; 13 – 14 Oct. 1999; T. Larsen leg.; CMNC. Type locality Guajará-Mirim, Rondônia, Brazil.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F733D521FDF19673C93B5182.taxon	description	Description (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Length: 10 mm. HEAD. Surface densely and distinctly punctated; with rectangular frontoclypeal carina, length greater than four-fifths of the interocular distance. PRONOTUM. Completely punctate, with dense and distinct punctation, becoming more accentuated towards the centre of the disc, regularly convex with two medial projections anteriorly, one on each side. HYPOMERON. Hypomeral carina slightly curved toward edge. METAVENTRITE. With simple and shallow punctation, laterobasal region with stronger punctation, lateral region with microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular. MESEPIMERON AND MESEPISTERNUM. With shallow punctation, stronger microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular. HIND LEG. Metafemora with a carina along posterior edge, anterior edge with setal fringe, surface with fine punctation. Metatibiae elongated and gradually dilated towards the apex; external margin serrated. AEDEAGUS. In dorsal view, parameres with a strong concave angulation and abruptly curved apex. Variation and sexual dimorphism Length ranging from 8.87 to 11.11 mm. The projections on the pronotal disc vary according to the size of the specimen, being allometrically developed as the size of the body increases. Males with ventrite VI wider medially, female ventrite VI with the same length throughout. Males also have protibial spur flattened, while in females the protibial spur is narrowed and pointed.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F733D521FDF19673C93B5182.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution The specimens examined came from Brazil (Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Pará) and Peru (Madre de Dios). The species occurs in the southern region of the Amazon biome, corresponding to the Southeastern Amazonian dominion and Boreal Brazilian dominion.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F731D53DFE1F9073C9D45332.taxon	description	Figs 1. A, C, 2, 10	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F731D53DFE1F9073C9D45332.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL • ♀; handwritten label; “ Cayenne ”; “ Coll C Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 ”; “ C. gigas / sp. m. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. ”; “ gigas / m. ”; “ TYPUS ”; “ HOLOTYPE ♀ ”; NMPC. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♀; Espírito Santo, Domingos Martins, Parque Estadual [“ P. E. ”] Pedra Azul; 20 ° 23 ′ 19.93 ″ S, 41 ° 0 ′ 55.49 ″ W; Jan. 2000; Lopes-Andrade and F. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Venda Nova do Imigrante; 20 ° 19 ′ 39.02 ″ S, 41 ° 8 ′ 9.36 ″ W; Feb. 1998; Falqueto and Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia [“ Itatiaya ”]; 22 ° 29 ′ 29 ″ S, 44 ° 33 ′ 33 ″ W; 12 Dec. 1933; J. F. Zikán leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Nova Friburgo; 22 ° 16 ′ 55 ″ S, 42 ° 31 ′ 5 ″ W; Dec. 1995; P. Grossi and E. Grossi leg.; CEMT • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; Nova Friburgo; Nov. 2001; E. Grossi leg.; AMBC • 1 ♀; Nova Friburgo, Macaé de Cima; 22 ° 24 ′ 8.45 ″ S, 42 ° 30 ′ 48.39 ″ W; Jan. 1999; P. Grossi leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Mar. 2000; Vazde-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Dec. 2001; E. and P. Grossi leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Jan. 2000; Grossi leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; BMNH • 1 ♂; Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado; Dec. 1959; M. Alvarenga leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; São Paulo, São Luiz do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da [“ Pq. Est. ”] Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virgínia; Nov. 2004; M. Uehara leg.; AMBC • 1 ♀; Minas Gerais, Ingaí, Reserva do Boqueirão, UNILAVRAS, gallery forest; flight interception trap [“ FIT ”]; 21 ° 31 ′ 08.05 ″ S, 44 ° 55 ′ 39.81 ″ E; 13 Nov. 2002; Silva and Frieiro-Costa leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Viçosa, FIT; 20 ° 45 ′ 17.52 ″ S, 42 ° 52 ′ 42.88 ″ W; Nov. 1999; Andrade and Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; BMNH • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Jan. 1999; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 3 ♀♀, 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Nov. 1998; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Universidade Federal de Viçosa; FIT; 20 ° 45 ′ 51.99 ″ S, 42 ° 52 ′ 5.68 ″ W; Mar. 1998; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Viçosa, Mata da Biologia; 20 ° 45 ′ S, 42 ° 51 ′ W; Nov. 2000; F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; Mata do Paraíso; Dec. 2000; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as preceding; Dec. 1998; Falqueto and Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as preceding; Dec. 1999, Vaz-de-Mello CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding, FIT; 13 Feb. 2015; S. Aloquio, A. Orsetti, C. Lopes-Andrade and M. Bento leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Berizal, fazenda [‘ Faz ”] Veredão; 15 ° 39 ′ 18 ″ S, 41 ° 39 ′ 16 ″ W, 13 – 18 Dec. 2012; P. Grossi leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Distrito Federal, Brasília, FAL-UNB [“ Faz Água Limpa ”], gallery forest; FIT; 15 ° 56 ′ 25.1 ″ S, 47 ° 56 ′ 22.2 ″ W; 4 Dec. 2013; T. Bernardes leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; PNB, gallery forest, FIT; 14 ° 44 ′ 49,5 ″ S, 48 ° 00 ′ 32,3 ″ W; 11 Nov. 2015; N. H. D. Silva leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 21 Dec. 2015; N. H. D. Silva leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 27 Nov. 2015; N. H. D. Silva leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 12 Jan. 2016; N. H. D. Silva leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Paraná, Campina Grande do Sul, Estrada da mandaçaia; FIT; 25 ° 17 ′ 54 ″ S, 49 ° 02 ′ 30 ″ W; 7 – 10 Apr. 2014; F. W. T. Leivas leg.; CEMT.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F731D53DFE1F9073C9D45332.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Canthidium gigas resembles C. bokermanni in the presence of a transverse carina on the head and distinct punctation on the pronotal disc. They differ only in the dorsal curvature of the parameres. In C. gigas, in dorsal view, the parameres have a strong angulation on their apical half and bear a concave medial excavation from the middle to the apex; in lateral view, the parameres have a dorsal angulation of 120 °. In C. bokermanni, in dorsal view, the apical angulation is almost absent and there is a shallow medial excavation at the apex; in lateral view, the parameres have a dorsal internal angulation of 160 °.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F731D53DFE1F9073C9D45332.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Originally said to be Cayenne, French Guiana, but this is an error. See geographic distribution below.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F731D53DFE1F9073C9D45332.taxon	description	Redescription HEAD. Surface with dense and distinct punctation, particularly on clypeus. With a transverse raised projection in the front. PRONOTUM. Without anteromedial depression, disc anteriorly convex, sometimes with an anterior sinuosity forming two broad and shallow depressions (both surrounding the medial line). Surface with dense and distinct punctation, attenuating towards the centre of disc, where punctation is fine and sparse. HYPOMERON. With microstriae and setae in the basal part. Hypomeral carina complete curved throughout its length. METAVENTRITE. With simple and shallow punctation, laterobasal region with stronger punctation, lateral region with microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular. MESEPIMERON AND MESEPISTERNUM. With shallow punctation, stronger microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular. HIND LEG. Metafemora with a carina along posterior edge, anterior edge with setal fringe, surface with fine punctation. Metatibiae elongated and gradually dilated towards the apex presenting a sinuosity; external margin serrated. AEDEAGUS. In dorsal view, parameres with a strong angulation in apical half and with a concave excavation from the middle to the apex; in lateral view, with internal medial angulation of 120 ° dorsally. Variations and sexual dimorphism Length ranging from 9.40 to 12.65 mm. Transverse projection of head sometimes not well defined. The males have a tooth in the upper ventral part, more developed in some specimens than in others. Males with ventrite VI wider medially, female ventrite VI of the same length throughout. Males also have protibial spur flattened, while in females the protibial spur is narrowed and pointed. Geographical distribution The specimens examined were mostly collected in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Espírito Santo and Paraná in the Atlantic rainforest biome, located in the Paraná dominion. The record from Distrito Federal is surprising for the species. Judging from the rest of the known distribution, its presence there may be due to gallery forest connecting it to the Atlantic Forest on the coast. Although the holotype is labelled as coming from French Guiana, we believe this represents a mislabelling, since no other specimens have been reported from that region. Furthermore, the German entomologist Carl Felsche (who acquired the specimen) was known for buying insects, and this kind of mislabelling has been seen before with his specimens (FZVM, personal observation).	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F72DD53BFE6D95C3CE56532F.taxon	description	Figs 3, 10	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F72DD53BFE6D95C3CE56532F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype ARGENTINA • ♂; handwritten label; “ ARGENTINA, TUCUMAN, Dto BURRUYAÇÚ / Km. 5 Burruyaçu / a San Ramón / Coll. Martínez // 28 - III- 946 ”; “ HOLOTYPUS ”; “ Neocanthidium / bokermanni / M., H. y P sp. n. ♂ / A. MARTÍNEZ DET. 1963 ”; “ MACN-En 903 ”; MACN. Paratypes BOLIVIA • 1 ♀; Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz de la Sierra; 17 ° 52 ′ 00.00 ″ S, 63 ° 00 ′ 00.00 ″ E; 10 Nov. 1955; R. Zischa leg.; CEMT. Dichotomius paraguayanus Paratypes PARAGUAY • 1 ♂; Concepción, Zanja Morotí; 17 Nov. 2001; Martínez leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Boquerón, Loma Plata; 24 Sep. 1995; Drechsel leg.; CEMT. Other specimens examined ARGENTINA • 1 ♀; Chaco, Potrero; 26 º 08 ′ 35.8 ″ S, 61 º 41 ′ 49.5 ″ W; 31 Oct. 2016; Guerra Alonso leg.; CEMT. BOLIVIA • 1 ♂; Santa Cruz, Germán Busch, Puerto Suárez, Cerro de Mutum; 18 ° 58 ′ 00 ″ S, 57 ° 47 ′ 53.00 ″ E; Dec. 2012; P. Wagner leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Tarija, between Caiza and Crevaux; blue light; 21 ° 48 ′ 53 ″ S, 63 ° 26 ′ 53 ″ W; 536 m a. s. l.; 5 Jan. 2005; Mann, Hamel and Herzog leg.; OUMNH. BRAZIL • 1 ♀; Mato Grosso, Cuiabá; 8 Mar. 2016; L. P. Melo leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Chapada dos Parecis, 30 km N Uirapuru; FIT; 14 ° 17 ′ S, 59 ° 15 ′ W; 1 – 15 Dec. 2001; A. Foucart leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Diamantino, Vale da Solidão, riparian Forest; 14 ° 21 ′ 50 ″ S, 56 ° 7 ′ 23 ″ W; 18 Feb. 2009; D. T. C. Oliveira leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 26 Jan. 2009; D. T. C. Oliveira leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 14 ° 21 ′ 52 ″ S, 56 ° 7 ′ 23 ″ W; 23 Dec. 2008 – 26 Jan. 2009; D. T. C. Oliveira leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 14 ° 22 ′ 23 ″ S, 56 ° 7 ′ 25 ″ W; 31 Jan. – 14 Feb. 2009; D. T. C. Oliveira leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Porto Estrela, Estação Ecológica [“ Est. Eco ”] Serra das Araras; light trap; 15 ° 39 ′ 14 ″ S, 57 ° 13 ′ 1 ″ W; Nov. 2003; L. Kaminski leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding, Boca do José; FIT; 15 ° 39 ′ 14 ″ S, 57 ° 13 ′ 1 ″ W; Nov. 2003; R. Nunes leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Tangará da Serra; 27 Mar. 2016; G. A. A. Arenhart leg.; BMNH • 2 ♀♀; Tangará da Serra, Chácara Asa Branca; manual collection; 14 ° 32 ′ 42 ″ S, 58 ° 40 ′ 28 ″ W; Nov. 2011; E. Meurer leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Tangará da Serra, Campus UNEMAT; light trap; 14 º 38 ′ 58 ″ S, 57 º 25 ′ 24 ″ W; 439 m a. s. l.; R. J. Silva leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Chácara Paraíso, semideciduous forest; FIT; 14 ° 39 ′ 4 ″ S, 57 ° 24 ′ 55 ″ W; 460 m a. s. l.; 26 Jan. 2011; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; BMNH • 2 ♂♂; Campos de Júlio, Chapada dos Parecis, 30 km N of Uirapuru; FIT; 14 ° 17 ′ S, 59 ° 15 ′ W; Dec. 2002; A. Foucart leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Cuiabá; 8 Mar. 2016; P. L. Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Cláudia, Fazenda [“ Faz. ”] Iracema; 11 º 37 ′ 44 ″ S, 55 º 05 ′ 54 ″ W; 20 Feb. 2011; M. F. Souza leg.; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; Mato Grosso do Sul, Corguinho, Quinta do Sol; FIT; 19 ° 49 ′ 57 ″ S, 54 ° 49 ′ 45 ″ W; Feb. 2011; L. O. Bavutti leg.; CEMT.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F72DD53BFE6D95C3CE56532F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Canthidium bokermanni resembles C. gigas in the presence of a transverse carina on the head and distinct punctation of the pronotal disc; it differs only in the dorsal angles of the parameres. See comments under C. gigas for more details.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F72DD53BFE6D95C3CE56532F.taxon	description	Redescription HEAD. Surface with dense and distinctly punctation, especially on clypeus. With a transverse raised projection in the front. PRONOTUM. Without anteromedial depression, disc anteriorly convex, sometimes with an anterior sinuosity forming two broad and shallow depressions (both surrounding the medial line). HYPOMERON. With microstriae and setae in the basal part. Hypomeral carina complete, curved throughout its length. METAVENTRITE. With simple and shallow punctation, laterobasal region with stronger punctation, lateral region with microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular. MESEPIMERON AND MESEPISTERNUM. With shallow punctation, stronger microsculpture obscurely variolate, semicircular. HIND LEG. Metafemora with a carina along posterior edge, anterior edge with setal fringe, surface with fine punctation. Metatibiae elongated and gradually dilated towards the apex; external margin serrated. AEDEAGUS. In dorsal view, parameres lacking angulation apically and with a shallow excavation at apex; in lateral view, dorsally with internal median angulation of 160 °. Variation and sexual dimorphism Total length ranges from 9 to 13 mm. The transverse carina of the head varies from rectangular to oval, regardless of the size and sex of the specimen. The males have a tooth in the upper ventral part, more developed in some specimens than in others. Males have ventrite VI wider medially, female ventrite VI is of the same length throughout. Males also have protibial spur flattened, while in females the protibial spur is narrowed and pointed. Geographical distribution The specimens examined were collected in Argentina (Chaco), Brazil (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), and Paraguay (Concepción and Boquerón). The species occurs in two different biogeographic dominions: the Chacoan dominion and the South Brazilian dominion.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
6C43E460F72DD53BFE6D95C3CE56532F.taxon	discussion	Comments Two paratypes of Dichotomius paraguayanus, which were incorrectly interpreted as females by Gandini & Aguilar (2009), proved to be males and to belong to C. bokermanni.	en	Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L., Vaz-De, Fernando Z. (2019): Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 530: 1-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.530
