taxonID	type	description	language	source
6C3EF226FFA7790DFF43FA30FBDCFD72.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry 1336, California Reef, 25 m depth, March 2015, col. F. C. Moraes, R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry 323 (Fig. 2 A), MNRJ-Bry 324, Redonda Island, April 2000, col. C. E. L. Ferreira. Short description. Fragments of colonies erect and frondose (Fig. 7 A, B); beige in colour. Autozooids rectangular, arranged quincuncially (Fig. 2 A); A-zooids of smaller size, rectangular, orifice D-shaped (Fig. 2 A) with a pair of prominent condyles on the proximal corners; B-zooids larger in size (Fig. 2 A), operculum almost square, sclerite inverted Y-shaped, with numerous strong and curved teeth decreasing in size towards lateral border. Cryptocyst perforated by small pores, slightly concave, forming a depressed median process with an associated polypide tube (Fig. 2 A).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA7790DFF43FA30FBDCFD72.taxon	description	Geographic distribution. Caribbean (Winston 1986). Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Bahia, Alagoas States (Busk 1854; Marcus 1955; Winston et al. 2014; Almeida et al. 2015 a; Vieira et al. 2016; Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA7790DFF43FA30FBDCFD72.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Four species of Steginoporella have been described from Brazil: S. magnilabris Busk, 1852, S. buskii Harmer, 1900 (as S. transversalis by Canu & Bassler 1928 a), S. connexa Harmer, 1900, and S. evelinae Marcus, 1949 (Busk 1854; Canu & Bassler 1928 a; Marcus 1938, 1949, 1955; Cook 1964; Braga 1968, Winston et al. 2014; Almeida et al. 2015 a; Vieira et al. 2016).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA6790DFF43FC8EFBD4FAB5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry 1337, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 15 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos. Short description. Colony encrusting, autozooids rectangular with rounded distal edges, disposed in quincunx and separated from each other by a raised edge. Cryptocyst granular and porous. A pair of tubercles frequently present at the proximal corners. Avicularia absent in this material.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA6790DFF43FC8EFBD4FAB5.taxon	description	Geographic distribution. Alagoas and Bahia states (Vieira et al. 2016; Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA6790DFF43FC8EFBD4FAB5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Specimens found at Abrolhos were very similar to those described by Winston et al. (2014) and Vieira et al. (2016). Labioporella tuberculata resembles L. dipla Marcus, 1949, also described from Brazil (Espírito Santo State), but L. dipla has a prominent tubercle on the distal wall beneath the operculum, smaller zooids and lacks tubercles at the proximal corners of the zooids. Another similar species is L. granulosa (Canu & Bassler, 1928 b), described from the Gulf of Mexico, which also lacks corner tubercles.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA6790AFF43F970FC62FBEF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: Holotype: MNRJ-Bry 1362, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 15 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA6790AFF43F970FC62FBEF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honour of Dr Judith E. Winston for her significant contributions to the study of bryozoans from Brazil.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA6790AFF43F970FC62FBEF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony encrusting, multilamellar. Zooids elliptical, gymnocyst short, cryptocyst finely crenulated; a pair of oral spines. Interzooidal avicularium as long as an autozooid and with a parallel-sided rostrum ending in a spatulate tip.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA6790AFF43F970FC62FBEF.taxon	description	Description. Encrusting colonies occurring within the reef framework and on its surface, multilamellar, forming several layers fouling the bryozoan Celleporaria atlantica. Zooids elliptical, longer than wide (462 – 513 – 579 µm long x 310 – 391 – 454 µm wide) with narrow finely tuberculate / crenulate cryptocyst, sometimes slightly more developed laterally and proximally; gymnocyst short; opesia elongate, elliptical (363 – 418 – 494 µm long x 230 – 286 – 322 µm wide) (Fig. 2 C, D). A pair of oral spines, often conspicuously developed (Fig. 2 D). Avicularium interzooidal as large as an autozooid (518 µm long), crossbar incompletely calcified, a pair of strong denticles separating a proximal, circular opesiae from the rostrum which has parallel sides ending in a slightly spatulate tip (246 µm wide) (Fig. 2 D). Ovicells not observed. Geographic distribution. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State (Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA6790AFF43F970FC62FBEF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Only one species of Crassimarginatella have been recorded in Brazilian waters: C. exilimargo Canu & Bassler, 1928 a, described from Rio de Janeiro State. This species differs from the Abrolhos specimens in its larger, figure of 8 - shaped avicularia and larger autozooids (600 – 700 µm long x 440 µm wide), as well as the absence of oral spines, which are very frequent and prominent in the Abrolhos material. Canu & Bassler (1928 b) described C. tuberosa (as Aplousina tuberosa) from the Gulf of Mexico and it has since been reported from West Africa (Cook 1968) and the Caribbean (Winston 1984); the material from Abrolhos is very similar to that described from the Gulf of Mexico which has slightly larger autozooids (600 µm long x 400 µm wide) and avicularia with more rounded spatulate tips. The material from the Caribbean and West Africa also has slightly larger zooids (up to 637 µm in length) and avicularia (592 – 828 µm long), and the avicularia are more spatulate (mandible: 246 – 319 µm wide) (see Winston 1984, fig. 12). Despite the absence of ovicells in the Abrolhos specimens, the differences found in avicularium shape and autozooid size are considered sufficient to erect a new species. Other Atlantic species have different-shaped avicularian rostra: rounded in C. crassimarginata (Hincks, 1880) and C. harmeri Fransen, 1986; curved in C. falcata Cook, 1968; triangular in C. similis Cook, 1968; and elongate in C. quadricornuta (Waters, 1918) (avicularia are apparently absent in C. latens Cook, 1968).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA1790AFF43FA98FBA4F8BD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry 1375, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA1790AFF43FA98FBA4F8BD.taxon	description	Description. Small encrusting fragments comprising a few zooids (Fig. 2 E). Autozooids rhomboidal, longer than wide, separated by deep fissures; frontal wall convex, perforated by large circular pores surrounded by a smooth flat collar. Orifice almost quadrate, as wide as long; condyles, avicularia, kenozooids and ovicells not observed. Geographic distribution. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State (Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA1790AFF43FA98FBA4F8BD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Due to the poor preservation and difficulty of obtaining colonies from the inner core, this specimen can be identified only to genus level. According to Cáceres-Chamizo et al. (2017), two species of Exechonella are confirmed to occur in Brazilian waters: E. brasiliensis Canu & Bassler, 1928 a, described from the Bahia coast (Canu & Bassler 1928 a; Vieira et al. 2008), and E. vieirai Cáceres-Chamizo et al. 2017, described from Alagoas and Bahia states (Vieira et al. 2008; Winston et al. 2014; Almeida et al. 2015 a).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA0790BFF43FEA8FE6BFA11.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry 1364, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 15 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA0790BFF43FEA8FE6BFA11.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, forming extensive layers inside and on the external surface of the cores. Autozooids rhomboidal, longer than wide (450 – 567 – 648 µm long x 364 – 404 – 435 µm wide) with an elliptical transverse orifice (63 – 69 – 76 µm long x 90 – 103 – 117 µm wide); peristome not developed; frontal shield finely crenulate, one line of circular to oval areolar pores around the margin and sometimes a second line of smaller pores close to the avicularium and above the orifice. Spiramen crescentic, inside the deep circular pore located just below the avicularium. Single, suboral, median avicularium (155 – 193 – 209 µm long) located between the orifice and spiramen, directed distally; rostrum triangular with point resting on the proximal border of the peristome; short condyles. Geographic distribution. Caribbean (Almeida et al. 2015 b); Brazil: Alagoas, Bahia, Espírito Santo states (Almeida et al. 2015 a, b; Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA0790BFF43FEA8FE6BFA11.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Almeida et al. (2015 b) mentioned that the number of Reptadeonella species from Brazil is uncertain due to historical taxonomic mistakes attributing records of this genus to R. violacea (Johnston, 1847). In their paper, these authors redescribed R. bipartita and R. costulata Canu & Bassler, 1928, and added R. granulosa Winston & Vieira, 2013, R. brasiliensis, R. cucullata, R. leilae and R. aspera Almeida et al., 2015 b (Marcus 1939, 1949; Almeida et al. 2015 b). In addition to R. bipartita, there are some other species with suboral avicularia directed longitudinally to the orifice: R. aspera and R. brasiliensis have a shorter suboral avicularium than R. bipartita, and R. violacea has a rounded spiramen and sometimes an avicularium directed obliquely to the orifice (absent in Brazilian material). Features of R. bipartita collected from Abrolhos Bank are very similar to the type material (Canu & Bassler 1928 a), including the position and shape of the avicularia, spiramen and orifice. However, the type material has longer autozooids (600 – 700 µm; cf. 450 – 648 µm at Abrolhos) but this difference is insufficient to separate these as different species, especially in view of the fact that environmental factors, such as food supply and water temperature, are known to influence zooid size in other bryozoan species (e. g. Lombardi et al. 2006; O’Dea et al. 2007).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA07908FF43F921FABEFB41.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry 1340, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; MNRJ-Bry 1355, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 15 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA07908FF43F921FABEFB41.taxon	description	Description. Encrusting colonies, growing irregularly to form multiple layers by frontal budding; colony surface rough and thorny due to elongate suboral umbos; orange to light brown in colour with white umbos when alive (Fig. 7 D); frontal wall smooth in young zooids and rough in older ones, imperforate except for some scattered tiny areolar pores (Fig. 2 G, H). Primary orifice almost circular (104 – 113 – 119 µm long x 116 – 126 – 133 µm wide) with a smooth poster and with or without a very shallow sinus proximally; orifice frequently hidden by an elevated suboral umbo bearing an avicularium (Fig. 2 G, H). Suboral avicularia located on umbos usually small with rostrum serrated, upwardly directed, sometimes enlarged, occupying almost the entire umbo (Fig. 2 H); crossbar complete. Interzooidal avicularia of variable size (183 – 310 – 648 µm long), triangular or elongated, rounded distally; crossbar complete. Small (53 – 85 µm long), leaf-shaped avicularia present at the margins of some zooids, replacing an areolar pore, directed proximally, or randomly scattered (Fig. 2 G). Ovicell hyperstomial, cap-shaped, not closed by the operculum of the maternal zooid. Geographic distribution. Endemic to Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo and Bahia states (Busk 1884; Marcus 1955; Ramalho 2006; Winston et al. 2014; Almeida et al. 2017; Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA07908FF43F921FABEFB41.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Celleporaria atlantica is very similar to C. albirostris (Smitt, 1873), described from the North Atlantic (Cape Hatteras to Florida, Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico), sharing with this species a suboral umbo containing a small avicularium at its tip. Nonetheless, C. albirostris has a subcircular orifice without condyles or sinus, and the peristome is undeveloped; at the tip of the suboral umbo there is an adventitious avicularium (not enlarged as in C. atlantica). Celleporaria albirostris lacks the leaf-shaped avicularia associated with the small marginal areolar pores of C. atlantica. Winston et al. (2014) described the lectotype (NHMUK 1887.12.9.769) of C. atlantica from Hassler’s material collected from Bahia State, while Busk (1884) and Marcus (1955) also described colonies from Bahia and Espírito Santo states, respectively. The Abrolhos specimens are very similar in the size and shape of the autozooids and avicularia, but differ by the absence of avicularia or narrow spines on the ooecial surface (see Marcus 1955, fig. 85). However, the lack of these structures on the ooecial surface is considered insufficient to erect a new species given the few ovicells observed in the Abrolhos sample.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA37906FF43FAB6FA25FF0F.taxon	description	aff. Metrarabdotos jani Winston et al., 2014: p. 198, fig. 38.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA37906FF43FAB6FA25FF0F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry 1345, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura. G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos. Short description. Fragments of encrusting colonies with zooids disposed quincuncially. Frontal wall tuberculate with large and almost circular areolar pores. Secondary orifice circular with a small U-shaped sinus; a simple, elongated and curved avicularium present lateral to the orifice. Ovicell not observed.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA37906FF43FAB6FA25FF0F.taxon	description	Geographic distribution. Bahia, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states (Canu & Bassler 1928 a; Marcus 1955; Santana et al. 2009; Winston et al. 2014; Almeida et al. 2017; Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA37906FF43FAB6FA25FF0F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Winston et al. (2014) described Metrarabdotos jani from Rio de Janeiro State and mentioned two characteristic features of the ovicell: the absence of pores on the ooecial surface and the presence of more than a single line of areolar pores. The specimens from Abrolhos are very similar to M. jani but no ovicells have been observed. Since the main diagnostic taxonomic features are the ovicells, we identify the studied material as M. aff. jani. ...... continued on the next page	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAD7907FF43F8BAFCDEFDC2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry 1344, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 15 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAD7907FF43F8BAFCDEFDC2.taxon	description	Description. Fragments of erect bifoliate colonies with zooids opening on both sides. Zooids rectangular (608 – 711 – 753 µm long x 277 – 308 – 354 µm wide), frontal shield smooth with 13 – 18 areolar pores. Secondary orifice circular (179 – 202 – 241 µm long x 137 – 151 – 167 µm wide), bidenticulate, with a small U-shaped sinus (Fig. 3 B). Ordinary avicularia paired, located distally to orifice; rostrum triangular, proximally directed (Fig. 3 B). No entire ovicells observed. Geographic distribution. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil (Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAD7907FF43F8BAFCDEFDC2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. All colony fragments recovered from the cores were poorly preserved and lacked ovicells, which are important for taxonomic identification to species level. Neither the avicularia nor the orifice showed distinctive features, precluding species-level identification of this bryozoan.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAC7904FF43FCF3FCFDFC5A.taxon	description	Parasmittina sp. nov. 1: Bastos et al., 2018: table 1.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAC7904FF43FCF3FCFDFC5A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: Holotype: MNRJ-Bry 1341, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; Paratype: MNRJ-Bry 1382, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 15 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; MNRJ-Bry 1383, California Reef, 25 m depth, March 2015, col. F. C. Moraes, R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAC7904FF43FCF3FCFDFC5A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin ' distinctus, - a, - um ', meaning ' different’, referring to the different shapes of the avicularia in this species.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAC7904FF43FCF3FCFDFC5A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Autozooids quadrangular to rectangular with coarsely tuberculate frontal wall, imperforate, except for marginal areolar pores. Orifice with usually two, but up to four, distal hollow spines, wide anvil-shaped lyrula and a pair of triangular and prominent condyles; single shoe-shaped avicularium usually located laterally to orifice and directed latero-proximally. Other types of avicularia located laterally to orifice: small triangular avicularia on a raised prominence; rare large triangular avicularia directed laterally; and very rare large avicularia, elongate with a triangular rostrum ending in a rounded tip, directed proximally.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAC7904FF43FCF3FCFDFC5A.taxon	description	Description. Encrusting colonies. Autozooids rectangular to irregularly quadrangular, longer than wide (327 – 455 – 596 µm long x 245 – 324 – 465 µm wide), arranged in quincunx (Fig. 3 C, D). Frontal wall coarsely tuberculate, imperforate except for 16 – 22 circular to oval areolar pores along the margin and one or two pores located between the orifice and the frontal avicularium (Fig. 3 C, D). Orifice almost circular (84 – 103 – 129 µm long x 93 – 104 – 116 µm wide) with sparsely beaded distal rim and a wide and shallow sinus; peristome low with raised lateral lappets; large anvil-shaped lyrula (33 – 42 – 54 µm wide) occupying the proximal part of orifice (Fig. 3 D – G); condyles located at the proximal-lateral wall (Fig. 3 E), triangular and prominent; oral spines usually numbering two but as many as four, strong and hollow (Fig. 3 C – F). Avicularia diverse. Frequently one or, more rarely, a pair of shoeshaped avicularia (87 – 104 – 115 µm long) located on frontal wall, proximal-lateral to orifice, directed proximolaterally; crossbar complete (Fig. 3 C – E). Two other types of triangular avicularia may occur rarely on the same autozooid located beside the orifice: one is directed laterally or slightly proximally, with raised rostrum and complete crossbar (76 – 182 µm long) (Fig. 3 F); the other (very rare) is larger and more elongate (225 µm long), directed proximally, with long triangular rostrum ending in a rounded tip, and complete crossbar (Fig. 3 C; note that in the studied material the unique example of this type of avicularium was broken, showing just the distal part of the rostrum). Ovicell globose, becoming immersed with age, ooecial surface with large rounded pores (Fig. 3 G). Geographic distribution. Parcel dos Abrolhos and California Reef, Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil (Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAC7904FF43FCF3FCFDFC5A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Six Parasmittina species have been recorded in Brazil: P. trispinosa (Johnston, 1838), P. betamorphae Winston, 2005, P. spathulata (Smitt, 1873), P. alba Ramalho et al., 2011, P. simpulata Winston et al., 2014, and P. loxoides Winston et al., 2014. Among these Brazilian species, P. simpulata has similar shoe-shaped avicularia to P. distincta n. sp., but also has giant spatulate avicularia, a narrower lyrula, beaded condyles and one or two distal spines; P. alba has one or two oral spines, shoe-shaped avicularia and triangular avicularia with serrated rostra located more frontal than lateral to orifice, a large and spatulate avicularium present on some zooids, and ooecia perforated with pores or fenestra. Other species recorded in Brazil lack shoe-shaped avicularia and have other distinctive features as follows: P. loxoides has an orifice without a sinus and shorter and narrower lyrula, and spatulate and giant avicularium directed distally; P. betamorphae has only two oral spines, giant, extremely spatulate avicularia, plus smaller triangular avicularia which can occur on the frontal wall; P. spathulata has long and narrow lateral avicularia in addition to large spatulate avicularia; and P. trispinosa has a short and quadrangular lyrula, and avicularia occupying different positions on the frontal wall. Comparing P. distincta n. sp. with congeneric species associated with corals that also have shoe-shaped avicularium: P. marsupialis (Busk, 1884) has two distal oral spines and a narrow, usually tall lyrula, numerous avicularia on the frontal surface and other types of avicularia (small and short triangular, large oval, and an additional triangular frontal avicularium); P. protecta (Thornely, 1905) resembles the new Abrolhos species in its avicularia, orifice and lyrula shape but has two oral spines (rarely three), a well-developed peristome forming a long sharp protuberance in the suboral region, the rounded avicularium has an incomplete crossbar, the triangular avicularium has a serrated rostrum, and the ooecium has larger and more irregular pores. Moyano (1983) described P. proximoproducta which can be distinguished in having several small and an elongate triangular avicularia near the orifice and lacking shoe-shaped avicularia.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAF7905FF43FC09FDC4FC37.taxon	description	Parasmittina sp. nov. 2: Bastos et al., 2018: table 1.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAF7905FF43FC09FDC4FC37.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: Holotype: MNRJ-Bry 1359, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; Paratype: MNRJ-Bry 1347, California Reef, 25 m depth, March 2015, col. F. C. Moraes, R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; MNRJ-Bry 1380, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAF7905FF43FC09FDC4FC37.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Alluding to the type locality (Abrolhos Bank).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAF7905FF43FC09FDC4FC37.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Autozooids rectangular to polygonal with a granular frontal wall, imperforate except for small marginal areolar pores; orifice circular with a peristome developed latero-proximally, 3 or 4 oral spines, U-shaped pseudosinus, a pair of condyles, large, hooked and downwardly curved, and a tall and narrow anvil-shaped lyrula. Three different kinds of avicularia: a single or a pair of elongate avicularia with rostrum elongate and serrated, ending in a rounded tip; small avicularia located singly and randomly on the frontal wall or near the orifice; an infrequent giant, spatulate avicularium located near the orifice. Ovicell globose, large, with ooecial surface perforated by small and circular pores.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAF7905FF43FC09FDC4FC37.taxon	description	Description. Encrusting colonies, uni to multilamellar. Autozooids rectangular to polygonal (312 – 396 – 471 µm long x 280 – 308 – 360 µm wide), forming a circular patch of zooids around the ancestrula. Frontal shield granular, imperforate except for 14 – 18 large areolar pores (Figs 3 H, 4 A, C, D). Orifice circular (93 – 106 – 113 µm long (including pseudosinus) x 75 – 84 – 99 µm wide) with peristome developed mainly latero-proximally, forming a U-shaped pseudosinus; a pair of large, hooked condyles, curved downwardly; lyrula tall, narrow, anvil-shaped; oral spines distal to the orifice numbering 3 – 4 (Fig. 4 A, C). Frontal avicularia diverse: (1) single or a pair of elongate avicularia (121 – 142 – 178 µm long) with rostrum slightly elevated on the surface, slightly serrated and curved, ending in a rounded tip, located laterally to orifice and directed proximally, crossbar complete (usually broken) (Fig. 4 A, B); (2) a similar-shaped avicularium that is smaller (79 – 90 – 106 µm long), randomly directed and located on the frontal wall or near the orifice (Fig. 3 H); (3) occasional giant, spatulate avicularia with smooth rostrum, located lateral to the orifice and directed proximally (Fig. 4 C). Ovicell globose, wider than long (170 – 183 – 204 µm long x 219 – 236 – 253 µm wide), large relative to zooid size, extending onto the distal zooid and hiding the distal part of the maternal zooid orifice; ooecial surface perforated by small and circular pores (Fig. 4 D). Geographic distribution. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil (Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAF7905FF43FC09FDC4FC37.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Parasmittina spathulata (Smitt, 1873) has an elongate avicularium very similar to P. abrolhosensis n. sp. but not serrated, and also has short condyles, a medium-sized truncate lyrula, undeveloped peristome and two to four oral spines.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAF7905FF43FC09FDC4FC37.taxon	description	Another species with elongate, slim and lateral avicularia is P. areolata (Canu & Bassler, 1927) described from Hawaii, Belize and Jamaica (Soule & Soule 1973; Winston 1984). This species has a variable number of oral spines (up to six) and an orifice with a narrow lyrula and strongly hooked condyles, but differs from P. abrolhosensis n. sp. in having larger zooids (800 – 840 µm long x 340 – 420 µm wide), long, thin, almost straight, lateral avicularia (220 – 300 µm long) and giant avicularia (500 µm long) with a deep concave rostrum and broad spoon-shaped tip. Soule & Soule (1973) described small avicularia (120 – 160 µm long) located at the top of the distal rim orifice in P. areolata, another feature not observed in the Abrolhos material.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAE7902FF43FB4AFAACFCCE.taxon	description	Hemismittoidea sp. nov.: Bastos et al., 2018: table 1.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAE7902FF43FB4AFAACFCCE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: Holotype: MNRJ-Bry 1342, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; Paratype: MNRJ-Bry 1379, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 15 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; MNRJ-Bry 1389, California Reef, 25 m depth, March 2015, col. F. C. Moraes, R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAE7902FF43FB4AFAACFCCE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin ' asymmetricus, - a, - um', meaning ' unequal, asymmetrical', referring to the asymmetrical shape of the sinus formed by the development of the peristome.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAE7902FF43FB4AFAACFCCE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Multilamellar colony. Autozooid rectangular to irregularly polygonal, with an almost circular orifice having six or seven distal spines; peristome well developed proximally, forming a larger protuberance on one of the sides; sinus U-shaped, asymmetrical, with a pair of prominent and fringed condyles, and a large, broad anvil-shaped lyrula; a single, large, triangular avicularium located adjacent to the peristomial sinus, directed proximo-laterally; ovicell almost immersed, with few small circular pores on the ooecial surface and a single row of larger areolar pores.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAE7902FF43FB4AFAACFCCE.taxon	description	Description. Encrusting colonies, forming more than one layer, frequently overgrown by other bryozoan species (e. g. Stylopoma variabilis n. sp. and Parasmittina distincta n. sp.). Autozooids rectangular to irregularly polygonal, distally rounded, longer than wide (344 – 390 – 436 µm long x 290 – 336 – 376 µm wide) with coarsely tuberculate frontal wall, imperforate except for a few scattered circular areolar pores (13 – 16) (Fig. 4 E). Orifice almost circular, slightly longer than wide (81 – 108 – 118 µm long x 87 – 96 – 103 µm wide), with six (sometimes seven) distal spines; peristome low distally and laterally but well developed proximally forming a protuberance, more developed on one of the sides; wide U-shaped sinus, asymmetrical due to the peristomial protuberance; a pair of prominent and fringed condyles; a large and broad anvil-shaped lyrula, usually partially hidden by the protuberance formed by the peristome on one side (Fig. 4 E, F). Single, large, triangular avicularium (84 – 109 – 141 µm long) proximo-laterally directed and located adjacent to the peristomial sinus; rostrum triangular, ending on a sharp tip, palate with a large pore; crossbar complete and ligula present (Fig. 4 E). Ovicell almost immersed, wider than long (191 – 204 – 213 µm long x 218 – 242 – 260 µm wide), large, extending onto the distal zooid for half the length of the frontal shield or almost reaching the orifice; ooecial surface perforated by a few small, circular pores and a single row of larger areolar pores which become obscured by calcification (Fig. 4 F). Geographic distribution. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil (Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAE7902FF43FB4AFAACFCCE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Eight species of Hemismittoidea are known worldwide. Most are extant (except H. waiorensis Guha & Gopikrishna, 2007 from the Miocene of India) and described from the Pacific Ocean (bryozoa. net; accessed 0 1.0 3.2018). None were previously known from Brazil. The most similar species are H. corallinea Soule & Soule, 1973, described from Hawaii, and H. hexaspinosa (Uttley & Bullivant, 1972), from New Zealand, which shows 6 – 7 oral spines and a triangular avicularium. Hemismittoidea corallinea has avicularia that are slightly more elongate (120 – 122 – 130 µm long), located medially or almost medially and directed proximally, and an orifice with strong condyles hooked proximally and smooth. Hemismittoidea hexaspinosa can be distinguished from H. asymmetrica n. sp. by the narrower, rounded and central sinus, distally constricted, and the more elongated, narrow avicularia with finely serrated rostra.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA97903FF43FBD5FC43FB7A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ-Bry 1356, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; Paratype: MNRJ-Bry 1354, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 15 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA97903FF43FBD5FC43FB7A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin ' variabilis ', meaning ' variable, changeable', referring to the variability of the sinus shape (U- to funnel-shaped).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA97903FF43FBD5FC43FB7A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Orifice wider than long with a narrow U- to funnel-shaped sinus; tab-like condyles extending almost to the sinus and ending in a downwardly curved rounded tip; lateral oral avicularia triangular with rostrum raised from the frontal surface; very frequent spatulate vicarious avicularia, variable in size and direction; ovicell globose with some pores on the ooecial surface.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA97903FF43FBD5FC43FB7A.taxon	description	Description. Encrusting colonies, multilamellar. Red in vivo (Fig. 7 E). Autozooids rectangular to irregularly polygonal (471 – 646 – 862 µm long x 333 – 419 – 497 µm wide), initially disposed in quincunx but with the age the growth becomes irregular by frontal budding; frontal wall perforated by small circular pores inside depressions (Fig. 4 G). Orifice wider than long (96 – 111 – 123 µm long x 128 – 147 – 163 µm wide), anter circular and poster almost straight, narrow U- to funnel-shaped sinus; tab-like condyles extending to middle or more of the proximal border and ending in a downwardly curved rounded tip. Peristome low and rough textured (Figs 4 H, 5 A). Single small (68 – 78 – 87 µm long) adventitious avicularium (sometimes absent), located laterally and near the proximal border of the orifice, directed latero-distally; rostrum rounded proximally with a short triangular rounded tip, raised above the frontal shield (Fig. 4 G, H). Vicarious avicularia common, variable in size (315 – 545 µm long), tip spatulate, directed randomly; crossbar complete (Fig. 4 G). Ovicell globose (470 µm long x 640 µm wide), with ooecial surface similar to frontal shield of the autozooid, some pores present and lacking avicularia; crescentic opening guarded by asymmetrical ‘ crab claw-like’ extensions (one thin and the other thick) from either side of the base towards the midline of the aperture but not completely fused in the center, just touching each other (Fig. 5 A, B). Geographic distribution. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil (Reis et al. 2016; Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA97903FF43FBD5FC43FB7A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Four species of Stylopoma have been recorded from Brazil: S. carioca Winston et al., 2014, S. rotundum Winston et al., 2014, S. aurantiacum Canu & Bassler, 1928 a and S. spongites (Pallas, 1766) (Tilbrook 2001; Winston et al. 2014; Almeida et al. 2017). Stylopoma carioca has a frontal shield with a porous, rough texture, ribbed calcification and an umbo at the centre of the zooid, an orifice almost as long as wide with a small tab-like condyle, small funnel-shaped median sinus, frontal avicularia which lie flat against the frontal shield surface, and an ooecium with ribs between the marginal pores. Stylopoma rotundum differs from the Abrolhos specimens in the rounded frontal avicularia and orifice with thick condyles ending in blunt, downwardly curved hooks. Stylopoma spongites has smaller zooids (510 µm long x 360 µm wide), an orifice almost as long as wide (100 µm long x 120 µm wide), an anter with sparsely denticulate inner rim, and tall condyles covering a small portion of the proximal margin. There are two kinds of vicarious avicularia: one with a spatulate mandible and the other with a pointed mandible. The labellum is fused to the ooecium leaving a crescent lumen. Stylopoma aurantiacum is the most similar species, but it has smaller autozooids (501 µm long x 423 µm wide) with slightly ribbed calcification and a raised umbo at the centre of the zooid, an orifice as long as wide (120 µm long x 128 µm wide) with a funnel-shaped sinus and commashaped condyles, and lacks interzooidal avicularia; the ovicell is large (581 µm long x 648 µm wide), covering parts of several zooids, with ribs between the marginal pores on the ooecial surface.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA87900FF43FB3BFD78FCE2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: Holotype: MNRJ-Bry 1357, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; Paratype: MNRJ-Bry 1367, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 15 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA87900FF43FB3BFD78FCE2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin ' hastatus, - a, - um ', meaning ' spear-shaped, armed with a spear', used in reference to the shape of one of the interzooidal avicularia.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA87900FF43FB3BFD78FCE2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Stylopoma with almost circular orifice with U-shaped sinus and small, ball-shaped condyles; single or paired small triangular lateral oral avicularia; two types of large interzooidal avicularia: spear-shaped, usually positioned parallel to autozooids; and elongated, directed transversely to the growth axis of the colony.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA87900FF43FB3BFD78FCE2.taxon	description	Description. Encrusting colonies, multilamellar (Fig. 5 C). Autozooids rectangular, longer than wide (410 – 508 – 580 µm long x 259 – 345 – 428 µm wide); frontal wall perforated by numerous small circular pores (54 – 67) inserted in depressions, slightly convex; circular to elongate areolar pores around the perimeter (Fig. 5 C). Orifice wider than long (77 – 86 – 94 µm long x 99 – 107 – 116 µm wide), displaced from the median axis of the zooid, with a thick and crenulate region without pores around the orifice, distal border smooth, proximal border with U-shaped sinus, and a pair of small ball-shaped condyles at the corners (Fig. 5 D). Single or, rarely, a pair of small lateral oral avicularia (60 – 71 – 83 µm long), located proximally near the sinus or laterally to orifice, never terminally distal, directed distally and slightly laterally; rostrum triangular, almost equilateral, raised distally from the frontal shield, crossbar complete. Oral avicularium may be absent (Fig. 5 C, D). Two different types of large vicarious avicularia (Fig. 5 C, E): (1) avicularia oriented parallel to the autozooids or slightly inclined, directed distally, rostrum elongate (425 – 450 – 481 µm long), tip pointed or slightly rounded (lanceolate), crossbar complete (sometimes broken) (Fig. 5 C); (2) avicularia oriented transversely to the autozooids on a salient chamber, larger than previous type (562 – 617 – 739 µm long), covering two or three autozooids, rostrum elongated and curved, tip rounded, crossbar complete (Fig. 5 C, E). Ovicells not observed. Geographic distribution. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil (Reis et al. 2016; Bastos et al. 2018; present study) and Espírito Santo State, Brazil (18 ° 40 ’ S, 38 ° 28 ’ W - MNRJ-Bry 398, 7 May 1974).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFA87900FF43FB3BFD78FCE2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The presence of two types of large interzooidal avicularia (lanceolate and elongate), plus a small triangular lateral oral avicularium and a circular orifice with U-shaped sinus and small ball-shape condyles, differentiates the new species from almost all other species of Stylopoma. The Abrolhos specimens are similar to Stylopoma s pongites (Pallas, 1766) in having two types of large vicarious avicularia, but the avicularia differ in shape, one type having a spatulate rostrum and the other, larger avicularium on a raised cystid with a long and parallel-sided rostrum, terminally pointed and laterally directed, the orifice is as long as wide, the anter has a sparsely denticulate inner rim and the poster a slit-like deep sinus, condyles are smooth, deep and wide with distinct processes pointing medially. Two other species recorded from Brazil have small condyles in the orifice – S. aurantiacum Canu & Bassler, 1928 a and S. carioca Winston et al., 2014 – but in both species the umbo is raised at the centre of the zooid; the first species has no vicarious avicularia, and the second has an orifice longer than wide, and vicarious avicularia with spatulate mandibles.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAB7900FF43FBC8FD3CF94D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry 1343, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos. Short description. Encrusting colony with zooids hexagonal or polygonal; frontal wall granular with only small, rounded areolar pores. Orifice rounded distally and concave proximally with a pronounced pair of condyles. A pair of avicularia, occasionally only one, located latero-distally to the orifice, rostrum elongated and triangular. Ovicell not observed.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAB7900FF43FBC8FD3CF94D.taxon	description	Geographic distribution. Bahia, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states, Brazil (Marcus 1949, 1955; Winston et al. 2014; Almeida et al. 2015 a; Almeida et al. 2017; Bastos et al. 2018).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAB7900FF43FBC8FD3CF94D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Hippaliosina imperfecta is characterized mainly by the paired avicularia (rarely one) with spearshaped rostra located latero-distally to the orifice. It resembles H. rostrigera (Smitt, 1873) but differs in the size of the orifice (shorter in H. rostrigera) and the shape / position of the avicularia (beginning above the orifice and with the rostrum slightly curved in H. rostrigera).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAB7901FF43F8BAFB59FADD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry 1339, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 15 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; MNRJ-Bry 1346, California Reef, 25 m depth, March 2015, col. F. C. Moraes, R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; MNRJ-Bry 1363, California Reef, 25 m depth, March 2015, col. F. C. Moraes, R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; MNRJ-Bry 1370, California Reef, 25 m depth, March 2015, col. F. C. Moraes, R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAB7901FF43F8BAFB59FADD.taxon	description	Description. Flat colonies, forming unilamellar plates. Dark brown colour preserved after collection and storage (Fig. 7 F). Autozooids large, longer than wide (830 – 957 – 1180 µm long x 428 – 540 – 654 µm wide), polygonal with distal corner usually rounded. Frontal wall porous, coarsely tuberculate. Orifice coarctate, large (250 – 288 – 342 µm long x 224 – 255 – 281 µm wide), with two triangular hinge-teeth and prominent condyles situated below the midline, proximal rim with a rounded and large crescent lyrula (Fig. 5 G). Two types of avicularia present, disposed laterally to the orifice, suboral or on the frontal shield: (1) large, triangular and sword-like avicularia (314 – 378 – 419 µm long) with rostrum slightly curved to one side, located on one or both sides of the orifice, rarely on the frontal surface (one, two, or rarely, three avicularia per autozooid), directed distally or sometimes slightly curved to orifice; crossbar complete; (2) small, rounded avicularia (97 – 119 – 134 µm long), directed distally and located more proximally of the orifice; rostrum rounded and crossbar complete; frequently two small avicularia (96 – 102 – 108 µm long) present at the frontal corners; similar to the small lateral avicularia, rostrum rounded and directed to proximal region, crossbar complete (Fig. 5 G). Ovicell globose, longer than wide (430 – 460 – 495 µm long x 388 – 415 – 430 µm wide), extending onto the distal zooid; ooecial surface perforated by tiny pores disposed in deep depressions, absent proximally; aperture opening inside the maternal orifice. Geographic distribution. Alagoas, Bahia, and Espírito Santo states (Busk 1884; Marcus 1949; Vieira et al. 2008; Almeida et al. 2015 a; Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAB7901FF43F8BAFB59FADD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species has been recorded previously in northeastern and southeastern Brazil (Busk 1884; Marcus 1949; Almeida et al. 2015 a). Marcus (1949) described Utinga castanea from Alagoas State but did not mention the presence of the two different types of avicularia (large and acute, and small and rounded). However, Busk (1884) showed them in his plates of material collected from Bahia State, leaving no doubt about the presence of both kinds of avicularia. The material of Marcus (1949) has the following dimensions: zooid 1 – 1.2 mm long x 500 – 700 µm wide; orifice up to 280 µm long x 220 µm wide; large avicularia 370 µm long. Some colonies from Abrolhos show avicularia in different positions (suboral, on the frontal shield) and greater in number (up to four per zooid). Utinga is represented by a single living species, plus two species described from the middle Miocene of Egypt: U. habisensis Abbas & El-Senoussi, 1979 and U. rakhamensis Abbas & El-Senoussi, 1979.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAA791BFF43FA2AFC45FF22.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry 1376, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos. Short description. Encrusting colonies, forming single layers (Fig. 5 H); orange in colour with white ovicells when alive (Fig. 7 G). Autozooids hexagonal to rectangular, frontal wall perforated by large circular pseudopores, except in a central area beneath the orifice. Ovicell hyperstomial.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAA791BFF43FA2AFC45FF22.taxon	description	Geographic distribution. Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states (Marcus 1937, 1955; Ramalho et al. 2011), Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil (Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFAA791BFF43FA2AFC45FF22.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Arthropoma cecilii has a worldwide distribution, although its apparent cosmopolitan nature deserves re-evaluation. In the present study, colonies were recorded only at 15 m deep, inside the cores and on the surface of the reefs; those on the external reef surfaces were alive and fertile.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFB0791BFF43FDD3FB9EFB7C.taxon	description	Gemellipora forma glabra (typica) Smitt, 1873: 37, figs 208 – 210.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFB0791BFF43FDD3FB9EFB7C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry 1348, California Reef, 25 m depth, March 2015, col. F. C. Moraes, R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos. Short description. Fragments of erect colonies with zooids oval to claviform, without visible demarcation between adjacent zooids, which may be a preservational artefact; frontal wall with sparse pores and granular calcification; orifice keyhole-shaped; scattered oval avicularia observed on the frontal surface (Fig. 6 A).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFB0791BFF43FDD3FB9EFB7C.taxon	description	Geographic distribution. Gulf of Mexico. Brazil: Pernambuco, Bahia and Espírito Santo states (Busk 1884; Canu & Bassler 1928; Marcus 1939, 1955; Almeida et al. 2015 a; Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFB0791BFF43FDD3FB9EFB7C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Three species have been assigned to Gemelliporina: G. hastata Winston & Woollacott, 2009, G. punctata (Canu & Bassler, 1929) and G. glabra (Smitt, 1873) (bryozoa. net; accessed 01.03.2018). Gemelliporina glabra is distinguished from G. punctata and G. hastata principally because these species have peristomial avicularia. The Abrolhos specimen was found at 25 m deep inside the reef matrix.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFB07918FF43FA06FD1FFA47.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: Holotype: MNRJ-Bry 1381, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 15 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFB07918FF43FA06FD1FFA47.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin ‘ acuminatus, - a, - um ’, meaning ‘ sharp, pointed’, referring to the conical shape of the frontal avicularium.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFB07918FF43FA06FD1FFA47.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony encrusting. Autozooids polygonal with finely granular frontal shield, sometimes with an umbo present in the median region and / or at the zooidal corners. Cleithridiate orifice with a broad and shallow sinus; avicularium single, frontal, large, rostrum elongate triangular with a thin and sharp tip, palate with three aligned pores plus an additional pore distal to these three.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFB07918FF43FA06FD1FFA47.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, multilamellar. Autozooids polygonal, slightly longer than wide (377 – 431 – 467 µm long x 325 – 408 – 473 µm wide), disposed in quincunx (Fig. 6 B); frontal shield finely granular, imperforate except for a few scattered circular areolar pores (2 – 5 in each zooid); an umbo sometimes developed in the median region and / or at the proximal and distal corners of the zooid (Fig. 6 C). Orifice cleithridiate, keyhole-shaped, longer than wide (133 – 147 – 157 µm long), anter with smooth rim, circular to oval, (95 – 105 – 113 µm wide), poster formed by a semicircular, broad and shallow sinus (54 – 63 – 71 µm wide); condyles prominent, curved downwards (Fig. 6 C). Usually one large avicularium (145 – 175 – 205 µm long) on each autozooid, located laterally and below the orificial sinus; rostrum triangular, tip elongate, thin and sharp, embedded in frontal shield calcification; palate with four pores, three aligned plus a fourth above the median pore (Fig. 6 C). Ovicell not observed. Geographic distribution. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State (Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFB07918FF43FA06FD1FFA47.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Two Plesiocleidochasma species were previously recorded in Brazil: P. cleidostomum (Smitt, 1973) and P. porcellanum (Busk, 1860) (Vieira et al. 2008, as Schedocleidochasma porcellanum; Almeida et al. 2015 a). However, Winston (2005, 2016) when redescribing P. cleidostomum (Smitt, 1973) excluded records of this species from the Brazilian coast, mentioning that it belongs to the complex ‘ cleidostomum ’ but differs in having striated ooecia and more distolaterally directed avicularia. Plesiocleidochasma porcellanum has been reported to occur in several parts of Brazil (Rocas Atoll – Rio Grande do Norte, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo states – see Vieira et al. 2008 – and Abrolhos Bank – Almeida et al. 2015 a). Moreover, Berning (2012) stated that this species is actually a species complex and all records, except for those from the Madeiran Archipelago, should be questioned. Winston et al. (2014) also mentioned that some specimens assigned to P. porcellanum and P. cleidostomum from NE and SE Brazil may represent undescribed species. The species identified as P. porcellanum by Marcus (1937) from São Paulo State differs from P. acuminata n. sp. as it has an orifice with an anter as wide as the poster, and narrower avicularia. Specimens recorded from Rio de Janeiro State by Braga (1967) are more similar but the description does not mention the pores on the avicularian palate, precluding the confirmation of this identification. The Brazilian species P. foliosum Winston et al., 2014, described from Rio de Janeiro State, differs from the Abrolhos specimen in: the smaller (117 – 144 µm long), leafshaped avicularia with three unaligned pores plus a fourth pore above them on the palate; orifice with a small rounded to arrow-shaped sinus; and only a central umbo. The Abrolhos specimen may be distinguished from P. porcellanum as it has a broader orifice (poster 104 – 121 µm wide, anter 62 – 80 µm wide), and a smaller (78 – 92 µm long) triangular avicularium with a semicircular to triangular non-calcified palate. Plesiocleidochasma cleidostomum has a short orifice (108 – 126 µm long), a smaller avicularium (108 – 144 µm long) that is raised from the frontal shield usually on an umbo, and a trifoliate palate. The morphological closest species is P. normani (Livingstone, 1926), from the Indo-Pacific, which has a similar avicularium with an acuminate tip and three aligned pores on the palate, but P. normani can be distinguished by its larger autozooids (450 – 495 – 540 µm long x 310 – 365 – 420 µm wide), larger and more rounded aperture (150 – 165 – 180 µm long x 130 – 145 – 160 µm wide) and larger avicularia (230 – 245 – 270 µm long). Plesiocleidochasma fallax (Canu & Bassler, 1929), from the Philippines, also has four pores on the palate, but a large leaf-shaped avicularium without an elongated tip, a wider orifice and frontal shields without umbos or protuberances.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFB37917FF43F9FAFCD5FE77.taxon	description	Rhynchozoon sp.: Reis et al., 2016: supplementary table.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFB37917FF43F9FAFCD5FE77.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry 1338, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 15 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; MNRJ-Bry 1374, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos. Short description. Colonies encrusting, multilamellar; zooids initially orderly but becoming irregularly arranged. Frontal wall tuberculate with areolar pores only (Fig. 6 D). Primary orifice with distinct rounded sinus, hidden by the development of the peristome; tubercles sometimes present, varying in number and size (Fig. 6 D, E). Oral and frontal avicularia of similar shape and size, crossbar complete, the frontal avicularium triangular, diamond-shaped and distolaterally or laterally directed (Fig. 6 E); oral avicularium single (Fig. 6 F) directed laterally. Ovicells not observed.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFB37917FF43F9FAFCD5FE77.taxon	description	Geographic distribution. Indonesia, E. Pacific, Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (Busk 1856; Winston & Heimberg 1986); Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State (Reis et al. 2016; Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFB37917FF43F9FAFCD5FE77.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Rhynchozoon verruculatum (Smitt, 1873) is very similar to R. rostratum, but it differs from the latter in having larger zooids, a shallow U-shaped sinus, more elongated diamond-shaped frontal avicularia, and ovicells that are completely immersed. Rhynchozoon brasiliensis Almeida et al., 2017, also known from Bahia State, has a primary orifice with a V-shaped sinus, the peristomial avicularium is absent, and the frontal avicularium is variously oriented. Two other Brazilian Rhynchozoon species are distinct: R. coalitum Vieira et al., 2010 has only a suboral avicularium and lacks vicarious avicularia, while R. phrynoglossum Marcus, 1937 has large vicarious avicularia with truncate or tongue-shaped mandibles. The colonies found in the studied cores were poorly preserved, making a more precise identification difficult.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFBC7917FF43FC83FC1EFB1C.taxon	description	Short description. Only incomplete internodes, comprising up to six zooids, are present in the samples; peristomes broken, arranged in alternating series, opening on the branch frontal sides. Small pseudopores scattered across the frontal and dorsal sides of the internodes. Gonozooids not observed. Geographic distribution. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil (Bastos et al. 2018; present study).	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
6C3EF226FFBC7917FF43FC83FC1EFB1C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Small fragments of Crisia sp. were frequently found inside the reef framework from cores at 15 and 25 m depths. The lack of gonozooids and incomplete internodes makes species identification impossible. Due to the fragility of the small internodes, they could not be easily extracted.	en	Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
