identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6C3FB178FFF3FFD3FE3F0592FB71078E.text	6C3FB178FFF3FFD3FE3F0592FB71078E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apochinomma Pavesi 1881	<div><p>Apochinomma Pavesi, 1881</p> <p>Apochinomma Pavesi, 1881: 545; Dippenaar-Schoeman and Jocqué, 1997: 128; Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001: 326; type species: Apochinomma formicaeformis Pavesi, 1881, by original designation.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Apochinomma species can be recognized by the elongate cephalothorax, which is usually more than twice as long as it is wide, sometimes with a median constriction; the small and widely spaced posterior eyes in a strongly recurved row, usually separated from each other by double the PME diameter or more; and the fusion of the intercoxal sclerites with the pleural bars between coxae II and III, and III and IV, and the absence of such a fusion between coxae I and II. Based on the arrangement of the posterior eyes and the heavy abdominal sclerotization, Apochinomma may be most closely related to Aetius, Serendib and Sphecotypus.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Small to medium-sized spiders, 4.95–13.60 mm in length; carapace orange-brown to black, with black mottling and striae (Figures 2A–J, 3A–I); carapace surface finely to coarsely granulate, covered in short straight and feathery setae, with several long curved setae on clypeus and eye region (Figures 4A–E); elongate oval, eye region broad, tapering posteriorly to pedicel, usually broadest at coxa II; fovea distinct, narrow and short, rarely absent. AER procurved or straight, AME approximately four-thirds of the ALE diameter; AME separated by approximately three-quarters their diameter, separated from ALE by approximately half the AME diameter; PER strongly recurved, PME slightly larger or smaller than PLE; PME usually closer to each other than to PLE; MOQ broader posteriorly than anteriorly. Chilum split, triangular, tapering distally, strongly sclerotized; cheliceral promargin with two or three teeth, retromargin with two teeth; scrappy seta absent; curved setae on cheliceral promargin finely plumose in males (Figure 4F) and pectinate in females (Figure 4G); endites straight laterally with distinct serrula comprising sharp, ventrally curved denticles (Figure 4H), with dense maxillar hair tuft on mesal margins; labium slightly trapezoid, wider than long. Sternum longer than broad, elongate shield-shaped, slightly narrowed anteriorly (Figure 4I); precoxal triangles present; intercoxal sclerites present between all coxal pairs; pleural bars fused to intercoxal sclerites between coxae II and III, and III and IV, isolated and not fused to intercoxal sclerites between coxae I and II. Leg formula 4123; legs with short spines, all segments except tarsi usually covered in feathery and straight setae (Figures 5A–F, 6A–D); retrocoxal window absent on coxa I; femora with several erect ventral setae (Figure 5F); patellar indentation narrow, broad at proximal end (Figure 6A, B); tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi with several erect dorsal and lateral trichobothria with sunken basal plate (Figure 5D, E); all metatarsi and tarsi, including female palpal tarsi, with several tiny pores (Figure 6C–E), possibly involved in the release of pheromone-like molecules during contact with model ants; metatarsi scopulate distally (Figure 6D), tarsi weakly scopulate along their entire length (Figure 6F); tarsal organ not examined; paired tarsal claws short, situated laterally, with very dense claw tufts in between (Figure 6F); metatarsi III and IV without terminal preening brush or comb. Abdomen pear-shaped, or elongate with a median constriction, anteriorly with petiolate elongation (Figures 2A–J, 3A–I, 7A, B); dorsal scutum strongly sclerotized; in males nearly covering entire dorsum, fused to petiole, epigastric sclerite and post-epigastric sclerites; in females covering one-third to seven-eighths of the abdomen length, clearly separate from petiole, epigastric sclerite and post-epigastric sclerites (Figure 3A–I); two pairs of weakly sclerotized dorsal sigilla present; epigastric region strongly sclerotized, venter with post-epigastric sclerites; ventral sclerite present in males, absent in all females except for A. tuberculata sp. nov.; inframamillary sclerite present, distinct, fused to ventral sclerite in A. tuberculata sp. nov.; dorsum and venter densely covered in feathery and fine straight setae (Figure 7A– D). Spinnerets (only observed with scanning electron microscope in A. formicaeforme): ALS of male (Figure 8A) with one major ampullate gland spigot, one nubbin and many piriform gland spigots; PMS of male (Figure 8B) with one large minor ampullate gland spigot, one nubbin, one tartipore and several large aciniform gland spigots; PLS of male (Figure 8C) with only aciniform gland spigots distinguishable; ALS of female (Figure 8D) with two major ampullate gland spigots and many piriform gland spigots; PMS of female (Figure 8E) with three large cylindrical gland spigots, one small minor ampullate gland spigot and several aciniform gland spigots; PLS of female (Figure 8F) with two large cylindrical gland spigots and several aciniform gland spigots. Male palpal segments without apophyses; cymbium with spines prolaterally and ventrally, without distinct modified dorsal setae; embolus short and slightly thickened in males of the A. formicaeforme species group (Figures 7E, 9A–C), less than one-quarter the length of the tegulum; embolus with broad base and long fine distal section in males of the A. decepta species group (Figure 9D, E), more than half the length of the tegulum; width of base and length and curvature of distal coil variable (Figure 9A–E). Female epigyne with oblique or comma-shaped sclerotized epigynal ridges, covering or leading to lateral copulatory openings (Figure 7F); copulatory ducts in the A. formicaeforme species group directed medially and obliquely before entering ST II (e.g. Figure 10D); copulatory ducts in the A. decepta species group (only known for A. decepta sp. nov.) initially directed anteriorly, with multiple loops medially before entering ST II (Figure 14D, E); ST II usually oval, connected broadly to posterior ST I that are either narrow or broad, longitudinal or diverging.</p> <p>Key to the Afrotropical species of Apochinomma</p> <p>1. Males (♂ of A. tuberculata sp. nov. unknown)............................ 2 Females (♀ of A. elongata sp. nov. and A. parva sp. nov. unknown)......... 6</p> <p>2. Carapace in lateral view with slight median depression, abdomen without median constriction (Figure 3A); embolus short, less than one-quarter of tegulum length (A. formicaeforme species group)......................... 3 Carapace in lateral view without median depression, abdomen with slight (Figure 3F) to strong median constriction (Figure 3H); embolus long, at least half tegulum length (A. decepta species group)............................ 5</p> <p>3. Base of embolus broad; distal section of embolus directed retrolaterally (Figure 9B)............................................ A. malkini sp. nov. Base of embolus narrow; distal section of embolus directed prolaterally (Figure 9A, C).......................................................... 4</p> <p>4. Basal section of embolus nearly straight in ventral view (Figure 9A); carapace more than two times longer than broad....... A. formicaeforme Pavesi, 1881 Basal section of embolus distinctly curved in ventral view (Figure 9C); carapace approximately 1.83 times longer than broad...... A. parva sp. nov.</p> <p>5. Embolus longer than tegulum (Figure 15B)............. A. elongata sp. nov. Embolus approximately half as long as tegulum (Figure 14A)...................................................................... A. decepta sp. nov.</p> <p>6. Carapace in lateral view without median depression, abdomen with slight median constriction (Figure 3G); entrance ducts of epigyne very long, with several loops before entering anterior spermathecae (Figure 14D, E)................................................................ A. decepta sp. nov. Carapace in lateral view with slight median depression, abdomen without median constriction (Figure 3B); entrance ducts of epigyne short, simple and without loops before entering anterior spermathecae (A. formicaeforme species group).......................................................... 7</p> <p>7. Carapace texture coarsely granulate; fovea absent; abdomen with heartshaped ventral sclerite......................................................................................................... A. tuberculata sp. nov. Carapace texture finely granulate; fovea present, short and narrow; abdomen without ventral sclerite, but two paired rows of tiny sclerites usually present between epigastric furrow and spinnerets................................. 8</p> <p>8. Epigyne with comma-shaped ridges with lateral copulatory openings (Figure 12C); copulatory ducts short, directed obliquely before entering anterior spermathecae (Figure 12D)..................... A. malkini sp. nov. Epigyne with oblique ridges covering copulatory openings (Figure 10C); copulatory ducts initially with sharp bend, directed transversely before entering anterior spermathecae (Figure 10D)................................................................................... A. formicaeforme Pavesi, 1881</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C3FB178FFF3FFD3FE3F0592FB71078E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Haddad, Charles Richard	Haddad, Charles Richard (2013): A revision of the ant-like sac spider genus Apochinomma Pavesi 1881 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical Region. Journal of Natural History 47 (39 - 40): 2493-2529, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.791933, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.791933
6C3FB178FFFAFFD3FE230452FBA70492.text	6C3FB178FFFAFFD3FE230452FBA70492.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apochinomma formicaeforme Pavesi 1881	<div><p>Apochinomma formicaeforme species group</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Carapace in lateral view with slight median depression; abdomen pear-shaped, without median constriction; male embolus short, less than one-quarter tegulum length; female epigyne with short entrance ducts directed medially from copulatory openings.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C3FB178FFFAFFD3FE230452FBA70492	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Haddad, Charles Richard	Haddad, Charles Richard (2013): A revision of the ant-like sac spider genus Apochinomma Pavesi 1881 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical Region. Journal of Natural History 47 (39 - 40): 2493-2529, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.791933, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.791933
6C3FB178FFFAFFCCFE2F056DFC010345.text	6C3FB178FFFAFFCCFE2F056DFC010345.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apochinomma formicaeforme Pavesi 1881	<div><p>Apochinomma formicaeforme Pavesi, 1881</p> <p>(Figures 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, B, 4A–I, 5A–F, 6A–F, 7A–F, 8A–F, 9A, 10A–D)</p> <p>Apochinomma formicaeforme Pavesi, 1881: 546; Simon, 1909: 371; Lessert, 1946: 215, fig. 14 [♀ Holotype: MOZAMBIQUE: Inhambane (23 ◦ 51’ S, 35 ◦ 23’ E), leg. Fornasini, 1848, not traced].</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The female holotype could not be traced in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria” in Genova, Italy. It seems likely that the bottle containing the collection from Inhambane was destroyed or lost during floods in 1970 and 1992 that damaged spider specimens that were stored in the basement of the museum (Maria Tavano, personal communication). The illustration by Lessert (1946) of the dorsal habitus of A. formicaeforme is consistent with the specimens here considered to be this species. No adult specimens of A. formicaeforme have been collected in Mozambique since its description, although I have collected immatures at several localities in southern Mozambique (Xai-Xai, Marrucuene, Chidenguele and Vilankulos).</p> <p>In the original description, Pavesi (1881) alludes to the fact that the abdomen of the holotype is somewhat damaged. Although not too detailed regarding abdominal structure, the description indicates two characteristics consistent with the specimens treated here as A. formicaeforme that separate it from A. decepta sp. nov., which is also recorded from Mozambique: (1) abdomen with long stalk (petiolate pedicel), which is quite short in A. decepta sp. nov.; (2) abdomen 2.5 mm long and wide; in the female redescribed here the abdomen is one and a quarter times longer than wide, while in A. decepta sp. nov. it is nearly twice as long as wide. I have refrained from designating a neotype until adult Apochinomma can be collected from Inhambane or nearby localities to confirm the species’ identification.</p> <p>Male (Ophathe, NCA 2008 / 2874). Measurements: CL 3.45, CW 1.70, AL 3.53, AW 1.88, TL 6.68 (5.60–10.30), FL 0.16, SL 1.40, SW 0.85, AME–AME 0.10, AME– ALE 0.06, ALE–ALE 0.52, PME–PME 0.29, PME–PLE 0.34, PLE–PLE 1.08, PERW 1.22, MOQAW 0.40, MOQPW 0.48, MOQL 0.38.</p> <p>Length of leg segments: I 1.83 + 0.53 + 1.86 + 1.59 + 1.13 = 6.94; II 1.78 + 0.55 + 1.63 + 1.45 + 1.00 = 6.41; III 1.63 + 0.61 + 1.38 + 1.50 + 0.80 = 5.92; IV 2.25 + 0.63 + 1.87 + 2.30 + 0.97 = 8.02.</p> <p>General appearance in Figures 1A and 2A, lateral view in Figure 3A. Carapace elongate oval, eye region broad, tapering posteriorly to pedicel, broadest at coxa II; raised gently from eye region, with median depression, highest at two-thirds of carapace length (Figure 3A); surface finely granulate, covered in white feathery setae, with scattered short straight setae; several long erect setae in eye region and on clypeus; fovea short, narrow, at two-thirds carapace length; three shallow depressions radiating from fovea, first to coxa I, second to between coxae II and III, third between coxae III and IV, resulting in slight concavities in lateral carapace margins; carapace very dark brown, nearly black, with distinct black striae and black mottling. All eyes with black rings; AER slightly procurved, medians larger than laterals; AME separated by distance equal to two-thirds their diameter; AME separated from ALE by distance equal to two-fifths AME diameter; clypeus height equal to distance fourthirds times the AME diameter; PER strongly recurved, laterals slightly larger than medians; PME separated by distance equal to two and five-sixths times their diameter; PME separated from PLE by distance three and one-third times the PME diameter; CW: PERW = 1.42: 1. Chelicerae dark red-brown with black mottling, yellow distally prolaterally, covered in short straight setae, with scattered erect straight setae on anterior surface; three teeth on promargin, distal tooth smallest, tiny, median tooth largest; median and distal teeth adjacent, proximal tooth clearly separate from median tooth; retromargin with two slightly separated teeth close to fang base, distal tooth slightly smaller than proximal tooth; endites dark brown, paler prolaterally, cream at maxillar hair tuft; labium brown, cream distally; sternum shield-shaped, elongate, dark brown with black mottling; surface finely granulate, densely covered in short straight and feathery white setae, with scattered long erect straight setae. Legs with surface of all segments except tarsi finely granulate, tarsi finely wrinkled; legs covered in short straight setae, feathery setae dense on dorsal surface of femora, patellae and tibiae, sparse on metatarsi, absent on tarsi; femora I and II yellow, black proximally, with prolateral and retrolateral black stripes; femora III and IV black, dark orange-brown dorsally distally; patellae I and II yellow with prolateral and retrolateral black stripes, fused distally; patellae III black; patellae IV yellow, with broad proximal and distal black markings, fused dorsally; tibiae I and II yellow, with black prolateral and retrolateral stripes; tibiae III and IV black, dark orange-brown dorsally at distal end; metatarsi and tarsi I and II yellow-brown with black mottling; metatarsi III and IV black, dark orange distally; tarsi III and IV yellow-brown with black mottling. Leg spination: femora: I pl 1 do 3, II pl 2 do 3 rl 1–2, III pl 2 do 3 rl 1, IV pl 2 do 3 rl 1; patellae: all with distal do seta; tibiae: I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 1, III pl 2 rl 2 plv 1, IV pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 vt 2; metatarsi: I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 2, III pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3. Palpal spination: femora: do 1; patellae: pl 1 do 1; tibiae: pl 1 do 1 plv 1; tarsi: pl 1 plv 2. Abdomen pear-shaped, broad and round posteriorly, with long pedicel; dorsal scutum black, covering entire dorsum, fused to pedicel anteriorly and epigastric plate and post-epigastric sclerites ventrally; two pairs of sigilla present near midpoint of dorsum; dorsum covered in white feathery setae, with two broad dense transverse bands of white feathery setae at one-third and two-thirds abdomen length; venter mottled grey, covered in short straight and feathery black setae, with white feathery setae covering ventral sclerite; venter with deep red-brown rectangular ventral sclerite; inframamillary sclerite red-brown, subtriangular. Male palpal segments yellow-brown with black mottling; tegulum pear-shaped, yellow-brown, with black insemination ducts; embolus short, with narrow, slightly curved base, directed retrolaterally distally; embolus tip slightly broadened and weakly curved, directed prolaterally distally (Figures 9A, 10A, B).</p> <p>Female (Tembe, NCA 2006 / 1374). Measurements: CL 4.75, CW 2.46, AL 3.95, AW 3.15, TL 8.95 (6.65–10.50), FL 0.23, SL 1.83, SW 1.20, AME–AME 0.13, AME– ALE 0.08, ALE–ALE 0.59, PME–PME 0.32, PME–PLE 0.42, PLE–PLE 1.37, PERW 1.51, MOQAW 0.46, MOQPW 0.54, MOQL 0.49.</p> <p>Length of leg segments: I 2.60 + 0.80 + 2.64 + 2.28 + 1.53 = 9.85; II 2.40 + 0.80 + 2.30 + 2.03 + 1.30 = 8.83; III 2.13 + 0.85 + 1.89 + 1.90 + 1.03 = 7.80; IV 3.00 + 0.98 + 2.55 + 2.95 + 1.17 = 10.65.</p> <p>General appearance in Figure 2B, lateral view in Figure 3B. Morphology similar to male except for the following: AER straight, medians larger than laterals; AME separated by distance slightly larger thanthree-quarters their diameter; AME separated from ALE by distance slightly less than one-half AME diameter; clypeus height equal to distance one and three-quarters times AME diameter; PER strongly recurved, medians very slightly larger than laterals; PME separated by distance slightly larger than two and a half times their diameter; PME separated from PLE by distance equal to three and two-fifths times PME diameter; CW: PERW = 1.63: 1. Leg spination: femora: I pl 1 do 2, II pl 1 do 2, III pl 2 do 3 rl 2, IV pl 2 do 3 rl 1; patellae: all with single distal do seta; tibiae: I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 2, III pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 2, IV pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 1 vt 2; metatarsi: I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 2, III pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3. Palpal spination: femora: do 1; patellae: pl 1 do 1; tibiae: pl 1 do 1 plv 1; tarsi: pl 1 rl 1 plv 2 rlv 2. Abdomen teardrop-shaped with long pedicel, with dark red-brown dorsal scutum extending to seven-eighths abdomen length; posterior tip of dorsum mottled dark grey; two pairs of sigilla present near midpoint of dorsum; dorsum covered in white feathery setae, with broad black bands at one-quarter and two-thirds abdomen length, dense band of white feathery setae behind midpoint; venter mottled grey, with dense broad transverse band of white feathery setae behind epigastric furrow, followed by band of black feathery setae, posterior covered in short straight and feathery black setae; two paired rows of tiny sclerites from epigastric furrow to spinnerets; epigastric region strongly sclerotized, post-epigastric sclerites weakly sclerotized; ventral sclerite absent; inframamillary sclerite distinct, orangebrown, subtriangular. Epigyne with oblique lateral copulatory openings at midpoint of epigyne (Figure 10C); copulatory ducts short, initially directed dorsally before bending transversely towards midline, entering oval anterior ST II posterolaterally; ST II broadly connected to diverging posterior ST I (Figure 10D).</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>BOTSWANA: Maun, Maphaneng Pan / Lagoon (19 ◦ 55’ S, 23 ◦ 26’ E), leg. A. Russell- Smith, 30 January 1977 (riverine woodland, spun up in shrubs), 1♀ (BMNH); Same locality, leg. F. Wanless and A. Russell-Smith, 1 April 1976 (riverine woodland, ground layer), 1sa ♀ (BMNH). CAMEROON: Ebolowa, Nkoumvom (02 ◦ 55’ N, 11 ◦ 09’ E), leg. M.C. Day, December 1980 (pitfall traps), 1♂ (BMNH); Mabete (Mabeta, 04 ◦ 00’ N, 09 ◦ 17’ E), leg. B. Malkin, 24 May to 7 June 1949, 1♀ (CAS, CASENT 9033086); Same data, 1♀ (CAS, CASENT 9033108). CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Prefacture Sangha-Mbaéré, Réserve Spéciale de Forêt Dense de Dzanga-Sangha, 12.7 km 326 ◦ NW Bayanga, 03 ◦ 00’18” N, 16 ◦ 11’36” E, 420 m above sea level (a.s.l.), leg. B.L. Fisher, 10–17 May 2001 (beating low vegetation, rainforest), 2♂ (CAS, CASENT 9033204, BLF 4087). D.R. CONGO: Bas Congo: Bas-Fleuve, Boma, 05 ◦ 51’ S, 13 ◦ 03’ E, leg. H. Schouteden, 8 September 1920, 1♀ (MRAC 12440); Kisantu, 05 ◦ 08’ S, 15 ◦ 06’ E, leg. R.P. Vanderyst, no date, 1♀ (MRAC 15542); Luki (05 ◦ 39’ S, 13 ◦ 04’ E), leg. Pieters, 1924, 1♀ (MRAC 12429); Bas-Congo, Mayombe, Luki Forest Reserve, 05 ◦ 37’ S, 13 ◦ 05’ E, leg. D. de Bakker and J.P. Michiels, 8 November 2006 (beating along trail near guest house), 1♂ 1♀ (MRAC 219949); Same locality, leg. D. de Bakker and J.P. Michiels, 13 November 2006 (primary rainforest, fogging 5), 1♀ (MRAC 220932); Same locality, leg. D. de Bakker and J.P. Michiels, 16 November 2006 (beating, secondary forest), 1♀ (MRAC 219815); Same locality, leg. D. de Bakker and J.P. Michiels, 16 September 2007 (young secondary rainforest), 1♂ 1♀ (MRAC 222950); Haut Uélé, Moto, 03 ◦ 15’ N, 29 ◦ 20’ E, leg. L. Burgeon, no date, 1♀ (MRAC 15532). GABON: Ivindo (Ivoundou, 02 ◦ 54’ S, 11 ◦ 30’ E), leg. A. Pauly, 2 May 1986, 1♀ (MRAC 173071); Woleu-N’Tem, entre Médoneu et Foulebeng (Medouneu, 00 ◦ 57’ N, 10 ◦ 47’ E), leg. A. Pauly, 19 March 1987, 1♀ (MRAC 208490). GHANA: Kakum forest, 05 ◦ 20’ N, 01 ◦ 23’ W, leg. R. Jocqué, D. de Bakker and L. Baert, 18 November 2005 (primary forest, fogging), 1♂ (MRAC 218264); Same data, 25 November 2005, 1♀ (MRAC 218292); Same locality, leg. R. Jocqué, D. de Bakker and L. Baert, 17 November 2005 (secondary forest, fogging), 1♂ (MRAC 218257); Same data, 22 November 2005, 1♂ 1♀ (MRAC 218279); Same data, 24 November 2005, 1♂ (MRAC 218290). IVORY COAST: Appouesso, Bossematié, 06 ◦ 35’ N, 03 ◦ 28’ W, leg. R. Jocqué, 15 November 1995 (rain forest, station 3), 1♂ (MRAC 202690); Bouaké, F.-Foro, 07 ◦ 41’ N, 05 ◦ 02’ W, leg. G. Couturier, 2–4 December 1974 (piège coloré), 1♂ (MRAC 216416); Dingouine (07 ◦ 39’ N, 07 ◦ 37’ W), leg. A. Russell-Smith, 25 July 1995 (lowland rice), 2♀ (BMNH). KENYA: Western region, Kakamega Forest, 00 ◦ 13’ N, 34 ◦ 54’ E, leg. D. Shilabira Smith, 31 August 2002 (pitfall trap), 1♂ (MRAC 220529); Same locality, 00 ◦ 22’ N, 34 ◦ 50’ E, 1600 m a.s.l., leg. W. Freund, January–February 2002 (canopy fogging, Teclea nobilis, old secondary forest), 1♂ (ZFMK). NAMIBIA: Caprivi Strip, Kwando River (18 ◦ S, 23 ◦ E), leg. F. Wanless and A. Russell-Smith, 24 March 1976 (Phragmites and Papyrus), 1♀ (BMNH). NIGERIA: Ibadan, IITA, 07 ◦ 14’ N, 03 ◦ 30’ E, leg. A. Russell- Smith, 23 August 1980 (beating fallow bush), 1♂ (MRAC 177332); Same locality, leg. A. Russell-Smith, 28 August 1974 (fallow bush), 1imm. 1♂ 1♀ (BMNH). SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal Province: Durban, Happy Valley Nature Reserve (29 ◦ 56’ S, 30 ◦ 59’ E), near Bluff, leg. P. Reavell, 7 January 1984 (open grassland, with Camponotus and Polyrhachis gagates ants), 1imm. 1♂ (NMSA 22000); Empangeni (28 ◦ 45’ S, 31 ◦ 54’ E), leg. P. Reavell, December 1986 (in garden, with P. gagates ants), 1♀ (NMSA 22005); Empangeni, Addison Park, 28 ◦ 45’ S, 31 ◦ 54’ E, leg. P. Reavell, 31 March 1984 (dense grass, with P. gagates ants), 1♀ (NMSA 18270); iSimangaliso Wetlands Park, Hell’s Gate block A, 28.00 ◦ S, 32.48 ◦ E, leg. J. Esterhuizen, 15 November 2004 (tsetse fly traps), 1♂ (NCA 2010 / 284); Kosi Bay, Manguzi Forest, 26 ◦ 58’ S, 32 ◦ 44’ E, 80 m a.s.l., leg. P. Reavell, 10 January 1985 (grass and shrubs, with P. gagates ants), 1♂ (NMSA 22003); Same locality, leg. P. Reavell, 9 January 1985 (in crevice of Ficus vogeli, near P. gagates ants), 1♂ 1♀ (NMSA 22004); La Mercy (29 ◦ 37’ S, 31 ◦ 08’ E), leg. C.J. Cilliers, 10 February 1981 (sweeps, grass), 1♀ (NCA 81 / 251); Mac’s Pass, near Ingwavuma, Ingwavuma River (27 ◦ 04’ S, 32 ◦ 00’ E), leg. P. Reavell, 13 January 1980 (herb layer, riverine bush, with P. gagates ants), 1♀ (NMSA 13173); Natal, G.F. Leigh, 1♀ (BMNH); Ndumo Game Reserve, subtropical bush, 26 ◦ 53’ S, 32 ◦ 15’ E, leg. C. Haddad, 12 July 2000 (beats, foliage, with P. gagates ants), 3imm. 1♂ 1♀ (NCA 2002 / 368); Ophathe Game Reserve, Overgrazed savanna, 28 ◦ 22.135’ S, 31 ◦ 23.363’ E, 560 m a.s.l., leg. C. Haddad, 3 October 2008 (beats, shrubs), 1♂ (NCA 2008 / 2874); Same locality, Ophathe River bed, 28 ◦ 23.727’ S, 31 ◦ 23.643’ E, 455 m a.s.l., leg. C. Haddad, 2 October 2008 (beats, short shrubs), 2imm. 1♂ (NCA 2008 / 2880); Richards Bay, 28 ◦ 46’ S, 32 ◦ 06’ E, leg. P. Reavell, 4 February 1983, 1♂ (NCA 95 / 118); Richards Bay nursery, 28 ◦ 46’ S, 32 ◦ 06’ E, leg. P. Reavell, 28 December 1979 (subcoastal bush, dense herbs and climbers, with P. gagates ants), 1♂ (NMSA 13133); Sodwana Bay, Camp site (27 ◦ 33’ S, 32 ◦ 39’ E), leg. C. Car, 4 May 1981, 1♀ (SAM C560); St Lucia, 28 ◦ 05’ S, 32 ◦ 25’ E, leg. J.T. Doyen, 23 November 1985, 1♂ (NMSA 22002); St Lucia, Dukuduku Forest (28 ◦ 22’ S, 32 ◦ 19’ E), leg. M. Filmer, 7 November 1990 (in leaf litter), 1sa ♀ (NCA 91 / 804); St Lucia, Smith’s Farm, 28 ◦ 20’ S, 32 ◦ 25’ E, 40 m a.s.l., leg. P. Reavell, 12 January 1986 (grassveld in sandveld bush, with P. gagates ants), 1♀ (NMSA 22001); Tembe Elephant Park, Open woodland / sand, 27 ◦ 03’ S, 32 ◦ 25’ E, leg. C. Haddad, 10 January 2002 (under log), 1♀ (NCA 2002 / 371); Same locality, Closed woodland / sand, 27 ◦ 04’ S, 32 ◦ 27’ E, leg. C. Haddad, 13 January 2002 (on ground), 1♂ (NCA 2002 / 372); Same locality, Sand forest near viewing tower, 27 ◦ 01.713’ S, 32 ◦ 24.559’ E, leg. C. Haddad, 7 January 2002 (fogging, short shrubs), 1imm. 1♀ (NCA 2006 / 1374). Limpopo Province: Tzaneen, 23 ◦ 50’ S, 30 ◦ 09’ E, leg. D. Swart, 10 July 1993 (on slides in avocado tree), 1imm. 1sa ♂ 3sa ♀ (NCA 94 / 38). North-West Province: Rustenburg, 25 ◦ 39’ S, 27 ◦ 14’ E, leg. M. Stiller, 25 April 1980 (sweeps, grass), 1sa ♀ (NCA 94 / 117). TANZANIA: Amani (05 ◦ 06’ S, 38 ◦ 38’ E), 850 m a.s.l, leg. E.S. Ross and R.E. Leech, 9 November 1957, 1♀ (CAS, CASENT 9033095, together with 1♂ Merenius sp.). UGANDA: Budongo Forest, 01 ◦ 45’ N, 31 ◦ 25’ E, 1200 m a.s.l., leg. T. Wagner, 15–25 January 1997 (canopy fogging, Rinorea beniensis, secondary forest), 1♂ (ZMFK); Same locality, leg. T. Wagner, 11–20 July 1995 (canopy fogging, Teclea nobilis, swamp forest), 1♂ (ZMFK); Rukungiri district, Buhoma Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, 00 ◦ 59’ S, 29 ◦ 36’ E, 1400 m a.s.l., leg. C. Griswold and G. Mayoba, 20–24 September 1996 (sweeping and beating forest understorey), 1♀ (CAS, CASENT 9033283). ZIMBABWE: Batoka Gorge, 1726C3, 29–30 July 1990, F. Nyathi, 2sa ♀ (NMZA 8439); Same locality, 30–31 October 1990, V. and B. Roth, 1sa ♀ (NMZA 9074); Sohwe River, below escarpment, 1631A3, 6 April 1991, F. Nyathi, 1sa ♀ (NMZA 8869).</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Widespread throughout the Afrotropical Region (Figure 11).</p> <p>Biology</p> <p>This species was mainly collected from the foliage of trees and shrubs in forest and savannah habitats. Considering its broad distribution range, it is unlikely to be associated with a particular species of Polyrhachis ants, which are very diverse in the Afrotropical Region, with 47 species that are largely sympatric with the distribution of A. formicaeforme (Bolton 1973). A single case has been observed of an A. formicaeforme female preying on a Polyrhachis ant (Holm and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2010, fig. 12.378) but this is not adequate evidence to suggest that the species (and indeed, others in the genus) is an aggressive mimic or stenophagous myrmecophage.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C3FB178FFFAFFCCFE2F056DFC010345	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Haddad, Charles Richard	Haddad, Charles Richard (2013): A revision of the ant-like sac spider genus Apochinomma Pavesi 1881 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical Region. Journal of Natural History 47 (39 - 40): 2493-2529, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.791933, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.791933
6C3FB178FFE5FFC8FE200308FD8502CF.text	6C3FB178FFE5FFC8FE200308FD8502CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apochinomma malkini Haddad 2013	<div><p>Apochinomma malkini sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 2C, D, 3C, D, 9B, 12A–D)</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>This species is named for Borys Malkin in recognition of his valuable collections of spiders made throughout tropical Africa, including the types of this species.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>The species is easily recognized by the broadened embolus of the males with the tip directed distally and retrolaterally (Figures 9B, 12A), and by the broad coiled</p> <p>comma-shaped ridges surrounding the copulatory openings in the female epigyne (Figure 12C).</p> <p>Remark</p> <p>The abdomen of the female paratype is separated from the carapace, and the total length provided here is an approximation based on the sum of the carapace and abdomen lengths, not including possible extension of the pedicel.</p> <p>Male (holotype, Iseri, CAS). Measurements: CL 3.60, CW 1.80, AL 3.75, AW 1.89, TL 7.35, FL 0.20, SL 1.50, SW 1.03, AME–AME 0.11, AME–ALE 0.05, ALE–ALE 0.52, PME–PME 0.24, PME–PLE 0.21, PLE–PLE 0.92, PERW 1.06, MOQAW 0.43, MOQPW 0.46, MOQL 0.37.</p> <p>Length of leg segments: I 2.40 + 0.63 + 2.55 + 2.27 + 1.45 = 9.30; II 2.31 + 0.60 + 2.24 + 2.10 + 1.30 = 8.55; III 2.00 + 0.65 + 1.80 + 1.97 + 0.98 = 7.40; IV 2.84 + 0.73 + 2.43 + 2.97 + 1.20 = 10.17.</p> <p>General appearance in Figure 2C, lateral view in Figure 3C. Carapace elongate oval, eye region broad, tapering posteriorly to pedicel, broadest at coxa II; raised gently from eye region, with median depression, highest at two-thirds carapace length (Figure 3C); surface finely granulate, covered in white feathery setae, with scattered short straight setae in eye region and on clypeus; fovea short, narrow, at two-thirds carapace length; carapace deep orange-brown, with distinct black striae and black mottling, eye region slightly darker between anterior eyes. All eyes with black rings; AER straight, medians larger than laterals; AME separated by distance equal to three-fifths their diameter; AME separated from ALE by distance slightly larger than half ALE diameter; clypeus height equal to one and one-sixth times AME diameter; PER strongly recurved, medians very slightly larger than laterals; PME separated by distance equal to twice their diameter; PME separated from PLE by distance slightly less than twice PME diameter; CW: PERW = 1.70: 1. Chelicerae orange-brown, with scattered erect straight setae on anterior surface; three teeth on promargin, distal tooth smallest, tiny, median tooth largest; median and distal teeth closer to each other than to proximal tooth; retromargin with two slightly separated teeth close to fang base, distal tooth slightly smaller than proximal tooth; endites orange-brown, cream at maxillar hair tuft; labium orange-brown, cream distally; sternum shield-shaped, elongate, orange-brown with faint brown mottling; surface finely granulate, densely covered in white short straight setae, with scattered white feathery and long erect straight setae. Legs with surface of all segments except tarsi finely granulate, tarsi finely wrinkled; legs covered in short straight setae, feathery setae dense on dorsal surface of femora, sparse on other segments, absent on tarsi; femora I and II yellow, with prolateral and retrolateral black stripes, black proximally; femora III and IV dark brown, with prolateral and retrolateral black stripes, yellow at distal end dorsally; patellae I and II yellow with faint prolateral and retrolateral black mottling; patellae III and IV yellow, with broad black proximal and distal markings, narrowly linked with prolateral and retrolateral black mottling; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi I and II yellow with black mottling; tibiae III and IV dark brown with black mottling, yellow dorsally at distal end of tibiae IV; metatarsi III yellow with black mottling; metatarsi IV dark brown, yellow dorsally at distal end; tarsi III and IV yellow with faint black mottling. Leg spination: femora: I pl 2 do 3, II pl 2 do 3, III pl 2 do 3 rl 2, IV pl 2 do 3 rl 2; patellae: all without distal do seta or spine; tibiae: I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 2, III pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 2, IV pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 1 vt 2; metatarsi: I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 2, III pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3. Palpal spination: femora: do 2; patellae: pl 1 do 1; tibiae: pl 1 plv 1; tarsi: plv 2. Abdomen pear-shaped, broad and round posteriorly, with long pedicel; dorsal scutum dark red-brown with black mottling, nearly covering entire dorsum, fused to pedicel anteriorly and epigastric plate and post-epigastric sclerites ventrally; sigilla indistinct; narrow mottled dark grey unsclerotized section present behind scutum above spinnerets; dorsum sparsely covered in white feathery setae; venter mottled dark grey, covered in short straight black setae, with scattered white feathery setae behind epigastric furrow, extending halfway to spinnerets; venter with red-brown rectangular ventral sclerite with black mottling, with single paired row of tiny sclerites continuous with lateral margin of ventral sclerite; inframamillary sclerite yellow-brown, subtriangular. Male palpal segments yellow-brown with faint black mottling; tegulum pear-shaped, creamy-yellow, with dark red-brown insemination ducts; embolus short, with single coil, basal section broad and slightly curved; embolus tip broadened, slightly curved, directed retrolaterally and distally (Figures 9B, 12A, B).</p> <p>Female (paratype, Iseri, CAS). Measurements: CL 4.39, CW 2.18, AL 4.60, AW 2.80, TL ∼9.00, FL 0.21, SL 1.83, SW 1.15, AME–AME 0.13, AME–ALE 0.06, ALE– ALE 0.59, PME–PME 0.26, PME–PLE 0.29, PLE–PLE 1.06, PERW 1.25, MOQAW 0.49, MOQPW 0.54, MOQL 0.46.</p> <p>Length of leg segments: I 2.78 + 0.80 + 2.93 + 2.45 + 1.50 = 10.46; II 2.75 + 0.78 + 2.65 + 2.35 + 1.45 = 9.98; III 2.40 + 0.85 + 2.15 + 2.23 + 1.10 = 8.73; IV 3.40 + 0.93 + 2.90 + 3.35 + 1.23 = 11.81.</p> <p>General appearance in Figure 2D, lateral view in Figure 3D. Morphology as for male except the following: AER straight, medians larger than laterals; AME separated by distance equal to two-thirds their diameter; AME separated from ALE by distance slightly less than one-third AME diameter; clypeus height equal to one and one-sixth times AME diameter; PER strongly recurved, medians very slightly larger than laterals; PME separated by distance equal to one and two-thirds times their diameter; PME separated from PLE by distance equal to twice the PME diameter; CW: PERW = 1.74: 1. Leg spination: femora: I pl 2 do 3, II pl 1 do 3, III pl 2 do 3 rl 2, IV pl 2 do 3 rl 1; patellae: all without distal do seta or spine; tibiae: I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 2, III pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 1 vt 2, IV pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 2; metatarsi: I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 2, III pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3. Palpal spination: femora: do 1; patellae: do 1; tibiae: pl 1 do 1 plv 1; tarsi: pl 1 rl 1 plv 2. Abdomen teardrop-shaped with long pedicel, with red-brown dorsal scutum extending slightly passed midpoint; posterior half of dorsum mottled dark grey with small cream spots; sigilla indistinct; dorsum covered with white short straight and feathery setae; venter pale creamy-grey, with two paired rows of tiny sclerites from epigastric furrow to spinnerets; epigastric region strongly sclerotized, post-epigastric sclerites weakly sclerotized; ventral sclerite absent; inframamillary sclerite distinct, red-brown; ventral setae pale, short and straight. Epigyne with broad coiled comma-shaped ridges with lateral copulatory openings at midpoint of epigyne (Figure 12C); copulatory ducts short, oblique, entering round anterior ST II posterolaterally; ST II broadly connected to diverging posterior ST I (Figure 12D).</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype ♂: NIGERIA: Lagos State, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=3.3833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 3.3833332/lat 6.633333)">Iseri</a> (Isheri, 06 ◦ 38’ N, 03 ◦ 23’ E), leg. B. Malkin, 27–30 December 1948 (CAS, CASENT 9033081).</p> <p>Paratype: Same data as holotype, 1♀ (CAS, CASENT 9033102).</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>None.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Known from the type locality (Figure 16).</p> <p>Biology</p> <p>Collected from forest in southern Nigeria.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C3FB178FFE5FFC8FE200308FD8502CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Haddad, Charles Richard	Haddad, Charles Richard (2013): A revision of the ant-like sac spider genus Apochinomma Pavesi 1881 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical Region. Journal of Natural History 47 (39 - 40): 2493-2529, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.791933, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.791933
6C3FB178FFE1FFC6FE3702A2FEEB038D.text	6C3FB178FFE1FFC6FE3702A2FEEB038D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apochinomma parva Haddad 2013	<div><p>Apochinomma parva sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 2E, 3E, 9C, 13A, B)</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The specific name is Latin for small, diminutive, referring to the size of the species.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>The species is easily recognizable by strongly curved basal coil of the male embolus (Figures 9C, 13A).</p> <p>Male (holotype, F.C. Ziama, MRAC 214921). Measurements: CL 2.55, CW 1.39, AL 2.45, AW 1.48, TL 4.95, FL 0.15, SL 1.00, SW 0.80, AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.03, ALE–ALE 0.38, PME–PME 0.21, PME–PLE 0.22, PLE–PLE 0.90, PERW 0.92, MOQAW 0.33, MOQPW 0.41, MOQL 0.33.</p> <p>Length of leg segments: I 2.20 + 0.68 + 1.98 + 1.78 + 1.30 = 7.94; II missing; III 1.93 + 0.73 + 1.70 + 1.75 + 1.03 = 7.14; IV 2.80 + 0.80 + 2.40 + 2.70 + 1.20 = 9.90.</p> <p>General appearance in Figure 2E, lateral view in Figure 3E. Carapace elongate oval, eye region broad, tapering posteriorly to pedicel, broadest at coxa II; raised gently from eye region, with slight median depression, highest at two-thirds carapace length (Figure 3E); surface finely granulate, covered in white feathery setae, denser on slopes in posterior two-thirds of carapace, with scattered short straight setae in anterior third; several long erect black setae on clypeus and in eye region; fovea short, broad, at twothirds carapace length; carapace deep red-brown with faint black striae. All eyes with faded black rings; AER very slightly procurved, medians larger than laterals; AME separated by distance equal to five-eighths their diameter; AME separated from ALE by one-quarter AME diameter; clypeus height equal to one and a half times AME diameter; PER strongly recurved, laterals slightly larger than medians; PME separated by distance equal to two and a quarter times their diameter; PME separated from PLE by distance slightly larger than two and a quarter times PME diameter; CW: PERW = 1.51: 1. Chelicerae orange-brown, with short straight setae on anterior surface; three teeth on promargin, median tooth largest, distal tooth tiny and indistinct; retromargin with two slightly separated teeth close to fang base, distal tooth slightly larger than proximal tooth; endites orange-brown, cream at maxillar hair tuft; labium orange-brown, cream distally; sternum shield-shaped, longer than broad, deep orange-brown; surface finely granulate, with short straight and scattered white feathery setae. Legs III missing; legs with surface of femora, patellae and tibiae finely granulate, metatarsi and tarsi finely wrinkled, covered in short straight and scattered feathery setae; femora I pale brown, with yellow dorsal and ventral stripes in distal two-thirds, remaining segments uniform yellow; femora III and IV deep red-brown, orange-brown distally; patellae III and IV yellow, with broad dorsal yellow-brown stripe; tibiae III yellow-brown and IV orange-brown, yellow distally, each with faint black dorsal stripe; metatarsi III faint yellow-brown and IV orange-brown, yellow distally; tarsi III and IV yellow. Leg spination (leg II missing): femora: I do 3, III pl 2 do 3, IV pl 2 do 3 rl 1; patellae I, III and IV with long fine distal do seta; tibiae: I plv 1 rlv 1, III pl 2 rl 2 plv 1, IV pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 vt 2; metatarsi: I plv 1 rlv 2, III pl 1 rl 1 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3. Palpal spination: femora: do 1; patellae: pl 1; tibiae: pl 1 plv 1; tarsi: pl 2 plv 2. Abdomen pear-shaped, broad and round posteriorly, with long pedicel; dorsal scutum deep red-brown, with mottled black median stripe up to midpoint, covering entire dorsum, fused to pedicel anteriorly and epigastric plate and post-epigastric sclerites ventrally; two pairs of distinct sigilla present; dorsum uniformly covered in white feathery setae; venter creamy-grey, covered in short straight black setae; venter with orange-brown rectangular ventral sclerite, with two paired rows of tiny sclerites within it; inframamillary sclerite orange-brown, subtriangular. Male palpal segments yellow-brown with faint black mottling; tegulum pear-shaped, orange-brown, with dark red-brown insemination ducts; embolus short, with single coil, basal section strongly curved; embolus tip short, slightly curved, directed prolaterally and distally (Figures 9C, 13A, B).</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype ♂: GUINÉE: F.C. Ziama, 08 ◦ 24’ N, 09 ◦ 17’ W, leg. J.F. van der Donckt, 30 April 2000 (MRAC 214921).</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>None.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Known from the type locality only (Figure 16).</p> <p>Biology</p> <p>Unknown.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C3FB178FFE1FFC6FE3702A2FEEB038D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Haddad, Charles Richard	Haddad, Charles Richard (2013): A revision of the ant-like sac spider genus Apochinomma Pavesi 1881 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical Region. Journal of Natural History 47 (39 - 40): 2493-2529, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.791933, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.791933
6C3FB178FFEFFFC4FE540050FCEB0302.text	6C3FB178FFEFFFC4FE540050FCEB0302.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apochinomma tuberculata Haddad 2013	<div><p>Apochinomma tuberculata sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 2F, 13C, D)</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The specific name refers to the coarse carapace texture of the species.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>The species can be recognized by its relatively small size, coarsely tuberculate carapace surface, and carapace lacking a fovea (Figure 2F).</p> <p>Remark</p> <p>The abdomen is separated from the carapace and the total length provided here is an estimate based on the sum of the carapace and abdomen, excluding the pedicel. The chelicerae were held very firmly together and the dentition was not investigated to avoid further damage to the holotype.</p> <p>Female (holotype, Appouesso, MRAC 204310). Measurements: CL 2.68, CW 1.65, AL 2.85, AW 2.20, TL ∼5.55, FL absent, SL 0.94, SW 0.80, AME–AME 0.13, AME– ALE 0.05, ALE–ALE 0.42, PME–PME 0.27, PME–PLE 0.33, PLE–PLE 0.94, PERW 1.06, MOQAW 0.35, MOQPW 0.44, MOQL 0.35.</p> <p>Length of leg segments: I 1.22 + 0.52 + 1.02 + 0.92 + 0.73 = 4.41; II 1.22 + 0.49 + 0.98 + 0.89 + 0.70 = 4.28; III 1.21 + 0.52 + 0.95 + 0.87 + 0.52 = 4.07; IV 1.58 + 0.60 + 1.32 + 1.24 + 0.65 = 5.39.</p> <p>General appearance in Figure 2F. Carapace oval, eye region broad, tapering posteriorly to pedicel, broadest between coxae II and III; raised gently from eye region, with shallow depression at midpoint, highest at two-thirds carapace length; surface coarsely granulate, covered in very short straight setae on tubercles, with scattered white feathery setae and scattered long erect white setae on clypeus, in eye region and at base of pedicel, sparse in midsection of carapace; fovea absent; carapace deep red, black along margins and posteriorly. All eyes with black rings; AER procurved, medians larger than laterals; AME separated by distance slightly larger than one and onefifth times their diameter; AME separated from ALE by distance approximately half of AME diameter; clypeus height slightly larger than twice AME diameter; PER strongly recurved, laterals very slightly larger than medians; PME separated by distance equal to three times their diameter; PME separated from PLE by distance slightly equal to three and three-fifths times PME diameter; CW: PERW = 1.56: 1. Chelicerae deep orange-brown with faint dark brown mottling, surface granulate, with fine short setae and scattered long erect brown setae on anterior surface; endites orange-brown, cream at maxillar hair tuft; labium orange-brown; sternum shield-shaped, longer than broad, dark orange-brown with brown mottling; surface granulate, covered in erect white curved setae. Legs finely granulate, tubercles most pronounced on femora, covered in short straight setae, with white feathery setae dorsally; femora I and II yellow, with prolateral, retrolateral and retrolateral ventral black stripes and prolateral and retrolateral stripes of white feathery setae; femora III orange-brown and IV red-brown, yellow distally, with black mottling and prolateral and retrolateral stripes of white feathery setae; patellae I and II yellow and III and IV dark yellow-brown, all with black lateral stripes, fused ventrally distally; tibiae I–III yellow and IV deep orangebrown, all with prolateral and retrolateral black stripes; metatarsi I–III yellow, with prolateral and retrolateral black stripes; metatarsi IV orange-brown, with faint black mottling; tarsi all yellow. Leg spination: femora: I pl 1 do 1, II do 1, III do 1, IV do 2; patellae with long fine distal do seta; tibiae: I plv 3 rlv 3, II plv 3 rlv 3, III plv 2 rlv 2, IV plv 2; metatarsi: I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 2, III plv 1 rlv 1 vt 3, IV plv 1 rlv 1 vt 3. Palpal spination: femora: do 1; patellae: pl 1 do 2; tibiae: pl 1 do 2 plv 1; tarsi: spineless. Abdomen nearly round, with short pedicel extension; dorsal scutum large, red-brown with black mottling, extending five-sixths the length of dorsum, narrowly separated from pedicel anteriorly and epigastric plate ventrally; two pairs of distinct sigilla present; dorsum covered in short straight white setae, white feathery setae forming anterior spot, median transverse band and lateral patches behind post-epigastric sclerites; venter mottled grey, covered in scattered short straight black setae; venter with deep red-brown epigastric sclerite, post-epigastric sclerites and heart-shaped ventral sclerite situated from half the distance between epigastric groove and spinnerets up to spinnerets, apparently fused to inframamillary sclerite, forming single structure; several small oval sclerites between epigastric groove and ventral sclerite. Epigyne with short curved oblique ridges with lateral copulatory openings (Figure 13C); copulatory ducts short, curving anteriorly and medially, entering large oval anterior ST II posterolaterally; ST II broadly connected to narrow posterior ST I (Figure 13D).</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype ♀: IVORY COAST: Appouesso, F.C. Bossematie, 06 ◦ 35’ N, 03 ◦ 28’ W, leg. R. Jocqué and Tanoh, 12 March 1995 (forest, pitfall, station 5C) (MRAC 204310).</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>None.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Known only from the type locality (Figure 16).</p> <p>Biology</p> <p>Apparently a ground-dwelling species collected in forest.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C3FB178FFEFFFC4FE540050FCEB0302	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Haddad, Charles Richard	Haddad, Charles Richard (2013): A revision of the ant-like sac spider genus Apochinomma Pavesi 1881 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical Region. Journal of Natural History 47 (39 - 40): 2493-2529, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.791933, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.791933
6C3FB178FFEDFFC4FE4103DDFCC500FA.text	6C3FB178FFEDFFC4FE4103DDFCC500FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apochinomma decepta Haddad 2013	<div><p>Apochinomma decepta species group</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Carapace in lateral view without median depression; abdomen elongate, with a slight to distinct median constriction; male embolus with broad base and long, fine distal section, at least half tegulum length; female epigyne with copulatory ducts directed anteriorly initially, with several loops before entering ST II.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C3FB178FFEDFFC4FE4103DDFCC500FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Haddad, Charles Richard	Haddad, Charles Richard (2013): A revision of the ant-like sac spider genus Apochinomma Pavesi 1881 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical Region. Journal of Natural History 47 (39 - 40): 2493-2529, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.791933, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.791933
6C3FB178FFECFFC0FDEC06E3FEFE0260.text	6C3FB178FFECFFC0FDEC06E3FEFE0260.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apochinomma decepta Haddad 2013	<div><p>Apochinomma decepta sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 1C, D, 2G, H, 3F, G, 9D, 14A–E)</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The specific name refers to the colouration and morphology of the spider that make it a deceptive mimic of ponerine ants.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Males of the species share with A. elongata sp. nov. the short tegulum and long fine embolus, but in A. decepta sp. nov. the embolus is about half as long as the tegulum (Figure 14A), whereas in A. elongata sp. nov. the embolus is clearly longer than the tegulum (Figure 15A). Females can be recognized from congeners by the very long winding entrance ducts of the female epigyne (Figures 14D, E).</p> <p>Male (holotype, Tembe, NCA 2002 / 369). Measurements: CL 4.52, CW 2.24, AL 4.85, AW 2.17, TL 9.55, FL 0.30, SL 3.85, SW 2.70, AME–AME 0.10, AME–ALE 0.05, ALE–ALE 0.44, PME–PME 0.21, PME–PLE 0.18, PLE–PLE 0.83, PERW 0.97, MOQAW 0.35, MOQPW 0.44, MOQL 0.48.</p> <p>Length of leg segments: I 2.20 + 0.85 + 1.85 + 1.85 + 1.37 = 8.12; II 2.10 + 0.85 + 1.70 + 1.72 + 1.30 = 7.67; III 1.95 + 0.90 + 1.45 + 1.65 + 1.13 = 7.08; IV 2.69 + 1.05 + 2.34 + 2.77 + 1.33 = 10.18.</p> <p>General appearance in Figure 2G, of subadult male in Figure 1C, lateral view in Figure 3F. Carapace elongate oval, eye region broad, tapering posteriorly to pedicel, broadest at coxa II; raised from eye region, highest at one-third carapace length, nearly level in midsection, declining gradually in posterior one-third (Figure 3F); surface finely granulate, covered in short straight white setae and sparse white feathery setae; several long erect setae on clypeus, in and behind eye region; fovea short, narrow, between one-half and two-thirds carapace length; carapace dark red-brown with extensive black mottling and distinct striae. All eyes with black rings; AER procurved, medians larger than laterals; AME separated by distance equal to three-quarters their diameter; AME separated from ALE by distance slightly larger than one-third AME diameter; clypeus height equal to two and one-quarter times AME diameter; PER strongly recurved, medians very slightly larger than laterals; PME separated by distance slightly less than twice their diameter; PME separated from PLE by distance equal to one and two-thirds times PME diameter; CW: PERW = 2.31: 1. Chelicerae black, orange prolaterally distally, with short straight white setae and scattered long erect setae on anterior surface; three teeth on promargin, distal tooth smallest, median tooth largest; median tooth closer to distal tooth than to proximal tooth; retromargin with two teeth, distal tooth close to fang base, slightly smaller than proximal tooth; endites dark brown, orange prolaterally, cream at maxillar hair tuft; labium dark brown, nearly black, dark yellow-brown distally, broader than long; sternum elongate shield-shaped, dark red-brown; surface finely granulate, with short straight and feathery white setae. Legs with surface finely granulate, except for tarsi, which are finely wrinkled; covered in short, straight, slightly flattened white setae, white feathery setae sparse; femora I and II dark brown proximally, orange in distal third; femora III and IV uniform dark brown; patellae I and II orange with black lateral mottling; patellae III and IV uniform dark brown; tibiae I and II orange with black mottling and faint prolateral and retrolateral stripes; tibiae III and IV uniform dark brown; metatarsi I and II orange-brown with black mottling; metatarsi III and IV dark brown; tarsi I–IV dark orange-brown with black mottling, orange towards tip. Leg spination: femora: I pl 1 do 3, II pl 1 do 3, III pl 2 do 3 rl 1, IV pl 2 do 3 rl 1; patellae I–IV with long erect fine proximal and distal do setae; tibiae: I plv 1 rlv 1, II spineless, III pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 2, IV pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 2; metatarsi: I plv 1 rlv 1, II plv 1 rlv 1, III pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3. Palpal spination: femora: pl 1 do 2; patellae: pl 1 do 1; tibiae: pl 1 do 1 plv 1; tarsi: pl 1 plv 2. Abdomen elongate, broadened posteriorly, with slight median constriction and long pedicel; dorsal scutum black, covering entire dorsum, fused to pedicel anteriorly and epigastric plate and post-epigastric sclerites ventrally; two pairs of distinct sigilla present within constriction; dorsum with four transverse black bands, at anterior, one-third, two-thirds and three-quarters abdomen length, second band with curved lateral extensions; dorsum densely covered in short, straight, slightly flattened setae and scattered feathery setae, black on markings and white between them, denser along sides, in constriction and posteriorly; venter mottled grey, covered in short straight white setae; venter with dark red-brown elongate rectangular ventral sclerite, anterior margin slightly notched; inframamillary sclerite small, orange-brown. Male palpal segments dark orange-brown with black mottling; tegulum pear-shaped, dark orange, with black insemination ducts; embolus with broad base and single coil, basal section strongly curved, nearly transverse; distal section of embolus long and curved; longitudinal length of embolus more than half tegulum length (Figures 9D, 14A, B).</p> <p>Female (paratype, Tembe, NCA 2002 / 370). Measurements: CL 5.18, CW 2.38, AL 5.35, AW 2.74, TL 11.00 (9.05–11.00), FL 0.37, SL 2.12, SW 1.23, AME–AME 0.14, AME–ALE 0.07, ALE–ALE 0.53, PME–PME 0.32, PME–PLE 0.35, PLE–PLE 1.17, PERW 1.34, MOQAW 0.38, MOQPW 0.52, MOQL 0.51.</p> <p>Length of leg segments: I 2.85 + 0.89 + 2.57 + 2.25 + 1.50 = 10.06; II 2.70 + 0.89 + 2.28 + 2.05 + 1.45 = 9.37; III 2.30 + 0.95 + 2.00 + 2.08 + 1.20 = 8.53; IV 3.70 + 1.20 + 3.20 + 3.60 + 1.45 = 13.15.</p> <p>General appearance in Figures 1D, 2H, lateral view in Figure 3G. Morphology as for male except the following: AER procurved, medians larger than laterals; AME separated by distance equal to one and one-sixth their diameter; AME separated from ALE by distance equal to half AME diameter; clypeus height equal to two and fourfifths times AME diameter; PER strongly recurved, laterals very slightly larger than medians; PME separated by distance slightly less than three times their diameter; PME separated from PLE by distance slightly more than three times PME diameter; CW: PERW = 1.78: 1. Legs with surface finely granulate, except for tarsi, which are finely wrinkled; covered in short, straight, slightly flattened white setae, with dense white feathery setae on femora, patellae and tibiae, sparse on metatarsi; femora I and II yellow, dark brown in proximal quarter, with prolateral, dorsal and ventral black stripes; femora III and IV uniform dark brown with black mottling; patellae I and II yellow and III and IV dark brown, all with prolateral, dorsal and retrolateral black stripes; tibiae I and II yellow, with dorsal and retrolateral ventral black stripes; tibiae III and IV dark brown, with prolateral ventral, dorsal and retrolateral ventral black stripes; metatarsi I and II yellow with black mottling; metatarsi III and IV dark brown with black mottling; tarsi I and II yellow with black mottling; tarsi III yellow-brown; tarsi IV yellow-brown with black mottling, except distally. Leg spination: femora: I pl 1 do 3, II do 3, III pl 1 do 3, IV pl 1 do 3 rl 1; patellae I–IV with long erect fine proximal and distal do setae; tibiae: I plv 2 rlv 1, II plv 1 rlv 1, III pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 2, IV pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 1 vt 2; metatarsi: I plv 1 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 2, III pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3. Palpal spination: femora: do 2; patellae: pl 1 do 1; tibiae: pl 1 do 1 plv 1; tarsi: pl 1 rl 1 plv 1 rlv 1. Abdomen elongate, broadened posteriorly, with distinct median constriction and long pedicel, setae as for male; dorsal scutum narrow, black, extending slightly beyond one-third abdomen length; dorsum dark mottled grey behind scutum; two pairs of distinct sigilla within constriction, anterior pair on posterior margin of dorsal scutum; dorsum with three transverse black bands, fine bands at anterior and one-quarter abdomen length, broad band at two-thirds abdomen length, second band with curved lateral extensions; venter mottled grey, with pair of black spots behind post-epigastric sclerites and broad ventral band in front of spinnerets; two paired rows of tiny sclerites from epigastric furrow to spinnerets; epigastric region strongly sclerotized, post-epigastric sclerites weakly sclerotized; ventral sclerite absent; inframamillary sclerite distinct, red-brown; venter covered in white feathery setae, with black feathery setae on markings. Epigyne with oblique lateral ridges in posterior half of epigyne (Figure 14C); copulatory ducts very long and winding, initially broad and lateral, directed anteriorly, bending anteriorly and medially before looping and entering elongate anterior ST II, broadly connected to elongate ST I (Figure 14D, E).</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype ♂: SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal Province: Tembe Elephant Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.5/lat -27.0)">Muzi Swamps</a>, 27 ◦ 00’ S, 32 ◦ 30’ E, leg. C. Haddad, V. Swart, J. van As and J. Venter, 3–23 January 2002 (pitfalls) (NCA 2002 / 369).</p> <p>Paratypes: MOZAMBIQUE: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.9/lat -26.016666)">Bartholomew Diaz Point</a>, BD Lodge, 21 ◦ 15.585’ S, 35 ◦ 06.851’ E, 5 m a.s.l., leg. C. Haddad, R. Lyle and R. Fourie, 10 December 2007 (leaf litter, mangroves), 6imm. 1♀ (NCA 2008 / 192); Inhaca, 26 ◦ 01’ S, 32 ◦ 54’ E, leg. T. Steyn, 30 April to 14 May 1994 (pitfalls, wetland), 1♀ (MRAC 224295). SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal Province: Tembe Elephant Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.55/lat -26.95)">Sparse</a> woodland, 26 ◦ 57’ S, 32 ◦ 33’ E, leg. C. Haddad, 1 June 2002 (sweeps, grass), 1♀ (NCA 2002 / 370).</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>None.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Only known from the coastal plain of southern and central Mozambique and the northern KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa (Figure 16).</p> <p>Biology</p> <p>This ground-living species was collected from coastal woodlands, wetlands and swamps at altitudes lower than 50 m a.s.l. with a well-developed grass layer. This species is most likely a mimic of medium-sized ponerine ants such as Streblognatha and Pachycondyla, but further study is needed to assess whether a single species serves as its model.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C3FB178FFECFFC0FDEC06E3FEFE0260	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Haddad, Charles Richard	Haddad, Charles Richard (2013): A revision of the ant-like sac spider genus Apochinomma Pavesi 1881 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical Region. Journal of Natural History 47 (39 - 40): 2493-2529, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.791933, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.791933
6C3FB178FFE9FFFFFE270273FD27048D.text	6C3FB178FFE9FFFFFE270273FD27048D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apochinomma elongata Haddad 2013	<div><p>Apochinomma elongata sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 2I, 3H, 9E, 15A–C)</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The specific name refers to the elongate body of the species.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>See under A. decepta sp. nov. above.</p> <p>Remark</p> <p>The male from Zomba Plateau in Malawi, measuring 13.6 mm in total length, is the largest known species of Afrotropical Castianeirinae.</p> <p>Male (holotype, Nxai Pan, BMNH). Measurements: CL 3.78, CW 1.80, AL 4.69, AW 1.83, TL 8.73 (7.40–13.60), FL 0.20, SL 1.60, SW 1.09, AME–AME 0.08, AME– ALE 0.05, ALE–ALE 0.40, PME–PME 0.21, PME–PLE 0.24, PLE–PLE 0.90, PERW 1.02, MOQAW 0.32, MOQPW 0.42, MOQL 0.40.</p> <p>Length of leg segments: I 2.10 + 0.73 + 2.06 + 1.95 + 1.35 = 8.19; II 1.96 + 0.70 + 1.85 + 1.73 + 1.20 = 7.44; III 1.91 + 0.75 + 1.63 + 1.65 + 1.00 = 6.94; IV 2.90 + 0.88 + 2.57 + 2.95 + 1.25 = 10.55.</p> <p>General appearance in Figure 2I, lateral view in Figure 3H. Carapace elongate oval, eye region broad, tapering posteriorly to pedicel, broadest at coxa II; raised from eye region, highest at one-third carapace length, nearly level in midsection with very slight median depression, declining gradually in posterior one-third (Figure 3H); surface finely granulate, covered in short straight white setae, with sparse white feathery setae; several long erect setae on clypeus and in eye region; fovea short, narrow, at two-thirds carapace length; carapace deep red-brown with faint black striae, black mottling on clypeus, in and behind eye region and along lateral margins of carapace. All eyes with faded black rings; AER procurved, medians larger than laterals; AME separated by distance equal to five-eighths their diameter; AME separated from ALE by distance equal to three-eighths AME diameter; clypeus height equal to twice the AME diameter; PER strongly recurved, laterals very slightly larger than medians; PME separated by distance slightly larger than twice their diameter; PME separated from PLE by distance slightly less than two and one-third times PME diameter; CW: PERW = 1.76: 1. Chelicerae orange-brown with faint brown mottling, with short straight white setae on anterior surface; three teeth on promargin, distal tooth smallest, median tooth largest; median tooth closer to distal tooth than to proximal tooth; retromargin with two slightly separated subequal teeth, distal tooth close to fang base; endites mottled dark brown, yellow-brown in prolateral third, cream at maxillar hair tuft; labium orange-brown, cream distally; sternum shield-shaped, longer than broad, deep orange with brown mottling laterally, cream distally; surface finely granulate, with short straight white setae. Legs with surface finely granulate, except for tarsi, which are finely wrinkled; covered in short straight setae, white feathery setae dense on femora and dorsal surfaces of patellae and tibiae, sparse elsewhere; femora I and II yellow with broad black proximal marking, with black prolateral, dorsal and retrolateral stripes; femora III yellow-brown with broad dark brown prolateral, dorsal and retrolateral stripes, ventral surface dark brown, distal dorsal ends yellow; femora IV dark brown with black mottling, orange at dorsal distal end; patellae I and II yellow with dorsal and retrolateral ventral black stripes; patellae III yellow with prolateral, dorsal and retrolateral stripes; patellae IV yellow-brown with fine dorsal line, prolateral ventral and retrolateral ventral stripes, ventral surface dark brown; tibiae and metatarsi I and II yellow with dorsal stripe and proximal and distal retrolateral mottled blotches; tibiae III yellow-brown and IV pale brown, with prolateral ventral, dorsal and retrolateral ventral black stripes; metatarsi III and IV mottled brown, proximal and distal ends yellow; tarsi I and II uniform yellow, III yellow with proximal black mottling, IV mottled dark brown, yellow distally. Leg spination: femora: I pl 2 do 3, II pl 1 do 3, III pl 2 do 3 rl 2, IV pl 2 do 3 rl 1; patellae: all with long fine distal do seta; tibiae: I plv 0–2 rlv 0–1, II plv 1 rlv 1, III pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 2, IV pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 2; metatarsi: I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 2, III pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3. Palpal spination: femora: pl 1 do 2; patellae: pl 1 do 1; tibiae: pl 1 do 1 plv 1; tarsi: pl 1 plv 2. Abdomen elongate, broadened posteriorly, with distinct median constriction and long pedicel; dorsal scutum deep orange-brown with black mottling, covering entire dorsum, fused to pedicel anteriorly and epigastric plate and post-epigastric sclerites ventrally; two pairs of distinct sigilla present within constriction; dorsum densely covered in white feathery setae; venter dark grey, covered in short straight black setae, with scattered white feathery setae; venter with elongate orange-brown rectangular ventral sclerite, anterior and posterior margins notched; inframamillary sclerite orange-brown, subtriangular. Male palpal segments pale orange-brown with black mottling; tegulum short, less than half cymbium length, pear-shaped, pale orange, with dark red-brown insemination ducts; embolus with broad base and single coil, basal section strongly curved, nearly transverse; distal section of embolus very long and fine, similar in length to tegulum, partly hidden in alveolus in ventral and retrolateral views (Figures 9E, 15A–C).</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype ♂: BOTSWANA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.75/lat -19.883333)">Nxai Pan National Park</a>, Nxai Pan (19 ◦ 53’ S, 24 ◦ 45’ E), leg. F. Wanless and A. Russell-Smith, 7 March 1976 (among grass tufts) (BMNH).</p> <p>Paratypes: MALAWI: Zomba <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.3/lat -15.333333)">Plateau</a> (15 ◦ 20’ S, 35 ◦ 18’ E), leg. C. Dudley, November 1980, 1♂ (NCA 2004 / 829). TANZANIA: Mkomazi Game Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.9166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.916668/lat -3.9166667)">Dindira</a> (03 ◦ 55’ S, 37 ◦ 55’ E), leg. A. Russell-Smith, 11 April 1995 (Commiphora woodland), 3imm. 2♂ (MRAC 211320).</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>BOTSWANA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.366667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.366667/lat -19.9)">Near Maun</a>, Manxunyane Lagoon (19 ◦ 54’ S, 23 ◦ 22’ E), leg. F. Wanless and A. Russell-Smith, 1 April 1976 (ground layer, grassland), 1sa ♀ (BMNH).</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Known from four scattered localities in southern and eastern Africa (Figure 16).</p> <p>Biology</p> <p>A ground-dwelling species recorded from woodland and wetland habitats. It is most likely a mimic of large epigeic ponerine ants.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C3FB178FFE9FFFFFE270273FD27048D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Haddad, Charles Richard	Haddad, Charles Richard (2013): A revision of the ant-like sac spider genus Apochinomma Pavesi 1881 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical Region. Journal of Natural History 47 (39 - 40): 2493-2529, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.791933, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.791933
