taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
73083D48FFB0BF3EFF173E21FD699A76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642021/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642021	FIGURE 8. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B–C. Leaves, ventral view. D. Underleaves, ventral view. E. Female bracts, ventral view. F. Female bracteole, ventral view. G. Perianth, dorsal view. H. Perianth, ventral view. I. Leaf apices. J. Margin cells of leaf lobe. K. Median cells of leaf lobe. L. Basal cells of leaf lobe. M–O. Leaf lobule apices. P. Cross section of stem. (A–B, D–M, P from the lectotype; C, N, O from the paralectotype).	FIGURE 8. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B–C. Leaves, ventral view. D. Underleaves, ventral view. E. Female bracts, ventral view. F. Female bracteole, ventral view. G. Perianth, dorsal view. H. Perianth, ventral view. I. Leaf apices. J. Margin cells of leaf lobe. K. Median cells of leaf lobe. L. Basal cells of leaf lobe. M–O. Leaf lobule apices. P. Cross section of stem. (A–B, D–M, P from the lectotype; C, N, O from the paralectotype).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB0BF3EFF173E21FD699A76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642023/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642023	FIGURE 9. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B., C. Leaves, ventral view. D., F. Perianth, dorsal view. E., G. Perianth, ventral view. H–K. Leaf lobule apices. (A, C, F, G, I–K from the holotype of T. richardsianus; B, D, E, H from the holotype of T. formosanus).	FIGURE 9. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B., C. Leaves, ventral view. D., F. Perianth, dorsal view. E., G. Perianth, ventral view. H–K. Leaf lobule apices. (A, C, F, G, I–K from the holotype of T. richardsianus; B, D, E, H from the holotype of T. formosanus).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB0BF3EFF173E21FD699A76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642011/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642011	FIGURE 3. Androecia, gynoecia, and young sporophyte in Thysananthus. A. Portion of androecial spike showing epistatic and hypostatic lobules, ventral view: e = epistatic, h = hypostatic. B. Male bract with 2 antheridia. C. Antheridia. D. Juvenile perianth. E. Perianth and protruding archegonial neck. F. Archegium and archgonial neck. G. Later stage of development. H. Sporophyte prior to elongation of seta. I. Sporophyte after partial elongation of seta. J. Mature perianth, just dehiscence. K. Transverse section of seta. (A from T. amazonicus, Cornelissen & Steeger C682 (U); B from T. spathulistipus, Gradstein 3964 (U); C from T. spathulistipus, Gradstein 3965 (U); D–G from T. spathulistipus, Sukkharak 766 (BKF, GOET); H–I, K from T. retusus subsp. retusus, Streimann 40547 (JE); J from T. spathulistipus, Sipman 6992 (U)).	FIGURE 3. Androecia, gynoecia, and young sporophyte in Thysananthus. A. Portion of androecial spike showing epistatic and hypostatic lobules, ventral view: e = epistatic, h = hypostatic. B. Male bract with 2 antheridia. C. Antheridia. D. Juvenile perianth. E. Perianth and protruding archegonial neck. F. Archegium and archgonial neck. G. Later stage of development. H. Sporophyte prior to elongation of seta. I. Sporophyte after partial elongation of seta. J. Mature perianth, just dehiscence. K. Transverse section of seta. (A from T. amazonicus, Cornelissen & Steeger C682 (U); B from T. spathulistipus, Gradstein 3964 (U); C from T. spathulistipus, Gradstein 3965 (U); D–G from T. spathulistipus, Sukkharak 766 (BKF, GOET); H–I, K from T. retusus subsp. retusus, Streimann 40547 (JE); J from T. spathulistipus, Sipman 6992 (U)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB0BF3EFF173E21FD699A76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642007/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642007	FIGURE 1. Method of measurement in Thysananthus. A. Leaf, ventral view; a = appendage, d = dorsal leaf margin, f = lobule free margin, k = keel, l = leaf length, lb = lobule length, t1,2 = lobule teeth, u = auricle, v = ventral leaf margin, w = leaf width, wb = lobule width. B. Underleaf, ventral view; u = auricle, l = underleaf length, w = underleaf width. C. Perianth, ventral view; b = beak, l = perianth length, w = perianth width. D. Portion of shoot with Lejeunea-type branching, ventral view; c = collar. E. Portion of shoot with androecia, gynoecium, and lejeuneoid innovation (dichasial pattern), ventral view. F. Flagellum at stem base, ventral view. G. Dorsal leaf bases are distinctly extending across the dorsal midline of the stem, indicating that lateral merophytes are dorsally interlocking; h= hyaline papillae. H. Underleaf base in longitudinal section. (A from the lectotype of T. appendiculatus; B–C from the holotype of T. discretus; D from T. spathulistipus, Sukkharak 766 (BKF, GOET); E from T. spathulistipus, Sukkharak 746 (BKF, GOET); F from isolectotype of T. comosus; G from T. spathulistipus, Sukkharak 716 (BKF, GOET); H from holotype of T. discretus).	FIGURE 1. Method of measurement in Thysananthus. A. Leaf, ventral view; a = appendage, d = dorsal leaf margin, f = lobule free margin, k = keel, l = leaf length, lb = lobule length, t1,2 = lobule teeth, u = auricle, v = ventral leaf margin, w = leaf width, wb = lobule width. B. Underleaf, ventral view; u = auricle, l = underleaf length, w = underleaf width. C. Perianth, ventral view; b = beak, l = perianth length, w = perianth width. D. Portion of shoot with Lejeunea-type branching, ventral view; c = collar. E. Portion of shoot with androecia, gynoecium, and lejeuneoid innovation (dichasial pattern), ventral view. F. Flagellum at stem base, ventral view. G. Dorsal leaf bases are distinctly extending across the dorsal midline of the stem, indicating that lateral merophytes are dorsally interlocking; h= hyaline papillae. H. Underleaf base in longitudinal section. (A from the lectotype of T. appendiculatus; B–C from the holotype of T. discretus; D from T. spathulistipus, Sukkharak 766 (BKF, GOET); E from T. spathulistipus, Sukkharak 746 (BKF, GOET); F from isolectotype of T. comosus; G from T. spathulistipus, Sukkharak 716 (BKF, GOET); H from holotype of T. discretus).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB0BF3EFF173E21FD699A76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642009/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642009	FIGURE 2. Leaves and underleaves adnation and appendages in Thysananthus. A. Portions of plant, ventral view; d = adnation, a = appendage. B. Adnation in longitudinal section. C. Appendages at bases of leaf keels. D–F. Female bracts, ventral view; a = appendage. G. Appendage and hyaline papilla at base of bract keels; h = hyaline papilla. H. Appendage at mid-basal portion of bract lobule. I. Perianth, ventral view; a = appendage. J. Appendage and hyaline papilla of perianth; h = hyaline papilla. K. Portions of plant showing appendage at lobule base, ventral view; a = appendage. L. Appendage; b = lobule, a = appendage, h = hyaline papilla, s = stem. (A from the isolectotype of T. comosus; B from T. spathulistipus, Sukkharak 766 (BKF, GOET); C, E, H from the holotype of T. discretus; D from the holotype of T. gottschei var. continuus; F from T. appendiculatus, Gradstein 3875 (U); G from T. appendiculatus, Streimann & Tamba 12358 (JE); I–J from T. mollis, Gradstein 3795 (U); K from T. retusus subsp. retusus, Sukkharak 733 (BKF, GOET); L from T. montanus, Streimann 13639 (LAE)).	FIGURE 2. Leaves and underleaves adnation and appendages in Thysananthus. A. Portions of plant, ventral view; d = adnation, a = appendage. B. Adnation in longitudinal section. C. Appendages at bases of leaf keels. D–F. Female bracts, ventral view; a = appendage. G. Appendage and hyaline papilla at base of bract keels; h = hyaline papilla. H. Appendage at mid-basal portion of bract lobule. I. Perianth, ventral view; a = appendage. J. Appendage and hyaline papilla of perianth; h = hyaline papilla. K. Portions of plant showing appendage at lobule base, ventral view; a = appendage. L. Appendage; b = lobule, a = appendage, h = hyaline papilla, s = stem. (A from the isolectotype of T. comosus; B from T. spathulistipus, Sukkharak 766 (BKF, GOET); C, E, H from the holotype of T. discretus; D from the holotype of T. gottschei var. continuus; F from T. appendiculatus, Gradstein 3875 (U); G from T. appendiculatus, Streimann & Tamba 12358 (JE); I–J from T. mollis, Gradstein 3795 (U); K from T. retusus subsp. retusus, Sukkharak 733 (BKF, GOET); L from T. montanus, Streimann 13639 (LAE)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB0BF3EFF173E21FD699A76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642013/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642013	FIGURE 4. Sporophyte in Thysananthus. A. Outer surface of capsule valve, showing rectangular-shaped hinge. B–D. Cells of the outer layer of the capsule valve, surface view. E. Inner surface of dehiscing capsule, showing base of capsule and longitudinal ridges. F. Cells of the inner layer of the capsule valve, surface view. G. Inner surface of dehiscing capsule, showing elaters patterns of either 1+3+5+6 or 2+4+6+6 per valve. H. Elaters. I. Spores. (A–G from T. spathulistipus, Yong & Ponniah 2981 (GOET); H from T. spathulistipus, Thiers & Roy 2397 (U); I from T. spathulistipus, Sipman 6992 (U)).	FIGURE 4. Sporophyte in Thysananthus. A. Outer surface of capsule valve, showing rectangular-shaped hinge. B–D. Cells of the outer layer of the capsule valve, surface view. E. Inner surface of dehiscing capsule, showing base of capsule and longitudinal ridges. F. Cells of the inner layer of the capsule valve, surface view. G. Inner surface of dehiscing capsule, showing elaters patterns of either 1+3+5+6 or 2+4+6+6 per valve. H. Elaters. I. Spores. (A–G from T. spathulistipus, Yong & Ponniah 2981 (GOET); H from T. spathulistipus, Thiers & Roy 2397 (U); I from T. spathulistipus, Sipman 6992 (U)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB0BF3EFF173E21FD699A76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642015	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB0BF3EFF173E21FD699A76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642017/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642017	FIGURE 6. Bayesian molecular phylogenetic reconstruction inferred from the combined chloroplast and ITS dataset, excluding one sample of Thysananthus pancheri which showed conflicting positions in the chloroplast and ITS trees. Branch thickness and color indicate posterior probability values from Bayesian analyses with gaps treated as missing data (BPP) and with indels coded by SIV (BPPSIC) as well as bootstrap support from respective maximum parsimony analyses (MPB, MPBSIC). Modified after Sukkharak et al. (2011b).	FIGURE 6. Bayesian molecular phylogenetic reconstruction inferred from the combined chloroplast and ITS dataset, excluding one sample of Thysananthus pancheri which showed conflicting positions in the chloroplast and ITS trees. Branch thickness and color indicate posterior probability values from Bayesian analyses with gaps treated as missing data (BPP) and with indels coded by SIV (BPPSIC) as well as bootstrap support from respective maximum parsimony analyses (MPB, MPBSIC). Modified after Sukkharak et al. (2011b).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB0BF3EFF173E21FD699A76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642019/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642019	FIGURE 7. Bayesian molecular phylogenetic reconstructions inferred from the separated chloroplast (A) and ITS (B) datasets, including differences in sequence lengths (indels) coded by simple indel coding (SIC). Modified after Sukkharak et al. (2011b).	FIGURE 7. Bayesian molecular phylogenetic reconstructions inferred from the separated chloroplast (A) and ITS (B) datasets, including differences in sequence lengths (indels) coded by simple indel coding (SIC). Modified after Sukkharak et al. (2011b).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB0BF3EFF173E21FD699A76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642025/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642025	FIGURE 10. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H–J. Leaf apices. K. Margin cells of leaf lobe. L. Median cells of leaf lobe. M. Basal cells of leaf lobe. N–Q. Leaf lobule apices. R. Cross section of stem. (All from Gehrig s.n. (GOET)).	FIGURE 10. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H–J. Leaf apices. K. Margin cells of leaf lobe. L. Median cells of leaf lobe. M. Basal cells of leaf lobe. N–Q. Leaf lobule apices. R. Cross section of stem. (All from Gehrig s.n. (GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB1BF3CFF173AE6FBD69EF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642025/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642025	FIGURE 10. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H–J. Leaf apices. K. Margin cells of leaf lobe. L. Median cells of leaf lobe. M. Basal cells of leaf lobe. N–Q. Leaf lobule apices. R. Cross section of stem. (All from Gehrig s.n. (GOET)).	FIGURE 10. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H–J. Leaf apices. K. Margin cells of leaf lobe. L. Median cells of leaf lobe. M. Basal cells of leaf lobe. N–Q. Leaf lobule apices. R. Cross section of stem. (All from Gehrig s.n. (GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB1BF3CFF173AE6FBD69EF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642065/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642065	FIGURE 28. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. A–C. Portions of shoot, ventral view. D. Leaves, ventral view. E. Underleaves, ventral view. F. Female bracts, ventral view. G. Female bracteole, ventral view. H. Perianth, dorsal view. I. Perianth, ventral view. J–L. Leaf apices. M. Margin cells of leaf lobe. N. Median cells of leaf lobe. O. Basal cells of leaf lobe, showing the vitta. P–Q. Leaf lobule apices. R. Cross section of stem. S. Oil bodies, non-vittate cells. T. Oil bodies, vittate cells. (A–R from the holotype; S–T from Sukkharak 733 (BKF, GOET)).	FIGURE 28. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. A–C. Portions of shoot, ventral view. D. Leaves, ventral view. E. Underleaves, ventral view. F. Female bracts, ventral view. G. Female bracteole, ventral view. H. Perianth, dorsal view. I. Perianth, ventral view. J–L. Leaf apices. M. Margin cells of leaf lobe. N. Median cells of leaf lobe. O. Basal cells of leaf lobe, showing the vitta. P–Q. Leaf lobule apices. R. Cross section of stem. S. Oil bodies, non-vittate cells. T. Oil bodies, vittate cells. (A–R from the holotype; S–T from Sukkharak 733 (BKF, GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB1BF3CFF173AE6FBD69EF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642051/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642051	FIGURE 23. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe, showing the vitta. L–M. Leaf lobule apices. N. Cross section of stem. (A–C, H–N from the lectotype; D–G from Brass 22185 (JE)).	FIGURE 23. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe, showing the vitta. L–M. Leaf lobule apices. N. Cross section of stem. (A–C, H–N from the lectotype; D–G from Brass 22185 (JE)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB1BF3CFF173AE6FBD69EF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642015	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF80BF0EFF173A16FF73999E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642047/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642047	FIGURE 21. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H–J. Leaf apices. K. Margin cells of leaf lobe. L. Median cells of leaf lobe. M. Basal cells of leaf lobe. N–R. Leaf lobule apices: h = hyaline papilla. S. Cross section of stem. (All from the lectotype).	FIGURE 21. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H–J. Leaf apices. K. Margin cells of leaf lobe. L. Median cells of leaf lobe. M. Basal cells of leaf lobe. N–R. Leaf lobule apices: h = hyaline papilla. S. Cross section of stem. (All from the lectotype).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF80BF0EFF173A16FF73999E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642015	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB3BF33FF173F65FBD7990E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642027/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642027	FIGURE 11. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apices. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apices. M. Cross section of stem. N. Portion of shoot, ventral view. O. Leaves, ventral view. P. Underleaves, ventral view. (A–C, H–M from the lectotype; D–G from Streimann 13859 (JE); N–P from Gradstein 3875 (GEOT)).	FIGURE 11. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apices. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apices. M. Cross section of stem. N. Portion of shoot, ventral view. O. Leaves, ventral view. P. Underleaves, ventral view. (A–C, H–M from the lectotype; D–G from Streimann 13859 (JE); N–P from Gradstein 3875 (GEOT)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB3BF33FF173F65FBD7990E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642029/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642029	FIGURE 12. Thysananthus ciliaris (Sande Lac.) Sukkharak. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apices. M. Cross section of stem. (All from Gradstein 10366 (GOET)).	FIGURE 12. Thysananthus ciliaris (Sande Lac.) Sukkharak. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apices. M. Cross section of stem. (All from Gradstein 10366 (GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB3BF33FF173F65FBD7990E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642031/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642031	FIGURE 13. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B–C. Leaves, ventral view. D–E. Underleaves, ventral view. F. Female bracts, ventral view. G. Female bracteole, ventral view. H. Perianth, dorsal view. I. Perianth, ventral view. J. Leaf apex. K. Margin cells of leaf lobe. L. Median cells of leaf lobe. M. Basal cells of leaf lobe. N.–P. Leaf lobule apices. Q. Cross section of stem. R. Oil bodies (A, C, E–Q from the lectotype, B, D from Schiffner s.n. (GOET), R from Sukkharak 730 (BKF, GOET)).	FIGURE 13. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B–C. Leaves, ventral view. D–E. Underleaves, ventral view. F. Female bracts, ventral view. G. Female bracteole, ventral view. H. Perianth, dorsal view. I. Perianth, ventral view. J. Leaf apex. K. Margin cells of leaf lobe. L. Median cells of leaf lobe. M. Basal cells of leaf lobe. N.–P. Leaf lobule apices. Q. Cross section of stem. R. Oil bodies (A, C, E–Q from the lectotype, B, D from Schiffner s.n. (GOET), R from Sukkharak 730 (BKF, GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB3BF33FF173F65FBD7990E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642033/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642033	FIGURE 14. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apices. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apices. M. Cross section of stem. N. Oil bodies. (A–M from the lectotype; N from Sukkharak 717 (BKF, GOET)).	FIGURE 14. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apices. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apices. M. Cross section of stem. N. Oil bodies. (A–M from the lectotype; N from Sukkharak 717 (BKF, GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB3BF33FF173F65FBD7990E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642035/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642035	FIGURE 15. Thysananthus convolutus var. laceratus (Steph.) Sukkharak. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apices. M. Leaf lobule base. N. Cross section of stem. (All from the lectotype).	FIGURE 15. Thysananthus convolutus var. laceratus (Steph.) Sukkharak. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apices. M. Leaf lobule base. N. Cross section of stem. (All from the lectotype).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB3BF33FF173F65FBD7990E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642037/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642037	FIGURE 16. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst. A–B. Portion of shoot, ventral view. C–D. Leaves, ventral view. E–F. Underleaves, ventral view. G. Female bracts, ventral view: a appendage. H. Female bracteole, ventral view. I. Perianth, dorsal view. J. Perianth, ventral view. K. Leaf apex. L–M. Margin cells of leaf lobe. N. Median cells of leaf lobe. O. Basal cells of leaf lobe. P. Leaf lobule apices. Q. Cross section of stem. (A, C, E, G–K, M–Q from the holotype; B, D, F, L from Streimann 13622 (JE)).	FIGURE 16. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst. A–B. Portion of shoot, ventral view. C–D. Leaves, ventral view. E–F. Underleaves, ventral view. G. Female bracts, ventral view: a appendage. H. Female bracteole, ventral view. I. Perianth, dorsal view. J. Perianth, ventral view. K. Leaf apex. L–M. Margin cells of leaf lobe. N. Median cells of leaf lobe. O. Basal cells of leaf lobe. P. Leaf lobule apices. Q. Cross section of stem. (A, C, E, G–K, M–Q from the holotype; B, D, F, L from Streimann 13622 (JE)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB3BF33FF173F65FBD7990E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642039/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642039	FIGURE 17. Thysananthus gottschei (J.B.Jack & Steph.) Steph. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apex. M. Cross section of stem. (A–C, H–M from the lectotype; D–G from Gradstein 10324 (GOET)).	FIGURE 17. Thysananthus gottschei (J.B.Jack & Steph.) Steph. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apex. M. Cross section of stem. (A–C, H–M from the lectotype; D–G from Gradstein 10324 (GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB3BF33FF173F65FBD7990E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642041/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642041	FIGURE 18. Thysananthus gottschei var. continuus Sukkharak. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Margin cells of leaf lobe. I–J. Leaf lobule apices. K. Leaf lobule base. (All from the lectotype).	FIGURE 18. Thysananthus gottschei var. continuus Sukkharak. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Margin cells of leaf lobe. I–J. Leaf lobule apices. K. Leaf lobule base. (All from the lectotype).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB3BF33FF173F65FBD7990E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642043/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642043	FIGURE 19. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Lindenb. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L–M. Leaf lobule apices. N. Cross section of stem. O. Oil bodies. (A–N from the holotype; L from Pócs 9358/B (EGR); O from Sukkharak 716 (BKF, GOET)).	FIGURE 19. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Lindenb. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L–M. Leaf lobule apices. N. Cross section of stem. O. Oil bodies. (A–N from the holotype; L from Pócs 9358/B (EGR); O from Sukkharak 716 (BKF, GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB3BF33FF173F65FBD7990E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642045/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642045	FIGURE 20. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Lindenb. A–D. Portion of shoot, ventral view. E–H. Leaves, ventral view. (A, E from the holotype of T. spathulistipus var. borneensis; B, F from the holotype of T. minor; C, G from the holotype of T. fuscobrunneus; D, H from the holotype of T. triquetrus).	FIGURE 20. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Lindenb. A–D. Portion of shoot, ventral view. E–H. Leaves, ventral view. (A, E from the holotype of T. spathulistipus var. borneensis; B, F from the holotype of T. minor; C, G from the holotype of T. fuscobrunneus; D, H from the holotype of T. triquetrus).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB3BF33FF173F65FBD7990E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642047/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642047	FIGURE 21. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H–J. Leaf apices. K. Margin cells of leaf lobe. L. Median cells of leaf lobe. M. Basal cells of leaf lobe. N–R. Leaf lobule apices: h = hyaline papilla. S. Cross section of stem. (All from the lectotype).	FIGURE 21. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H–J. Leaf apices. K. Margin cells of leaf lobe. L. Median cells of leaf lobe. M. Basal cells of leaf lobe. N–R. Leaf lobule apices: h = hyaline papilla. S. Cross section of stem. (All from the lectotype).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB3BF33FF173F65FBD7990E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642049/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642049	FIGURE 22. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H–I. Leaf apices. J. Margin cells of leaf lobe. K. Median cells of leaf lobe. L. Basal cells of leaf lobe. M–N. Leaf lobule apices: h = hyaline papilla. O. Cross section of stem. (All from the lectotype).	FIGURE 22. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H–I. Leaf apices. J. Margin cells of leaf lobe. K. Median cells of leaf lobe. L. Basal cells of leaf lobe. M–N. Leaf lobule apices: h = hyaline papilla. O. Cross section of stem. (All from the lectotype).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB3BF33FF173F65FBD7990E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642051/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642051	FIGURE 23. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe, showing the vitta. L–M. Leaf lobule apices. N. Cross section of stem. (A–C, H–N from the lectotype; D–G from Brass 22185 (JE)).	FIGURE 23. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe, showing the vitta. L–M. Leaf lobule apices. N. Cross section of stem. (A–C, H–N from the lectotype; D–G from Brass 22185 (JE)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB3BF33FF173F65FBD7990E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642053/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642053	FIGURE 24. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. A–B. Portion of shoot, ventral view: a = appendage. C–D. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Underleaves, ventral view. (A, C, E from Beccari s.n. (JE); B, D from Streimann 25733 (JE)).	FIGURE 24. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. A–B. Portion of shoot, ventral view: a = appendage. C–D. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Underleaves, ventral view. (A, C, E from Beccari s.n. (JE); B, D from Streimann 25733 (JE)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB3BF33FF173F65FBD7990E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642015	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFBCBF32FF17397EFEF5997B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642029/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642029	FIGURE 12. Thysananthus ciliaris (Sande Lac.) Sukkharak. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apices. M. Cross section of stem. (All from Gradstein 10366 (GOET)).	FIGURE 12. Thysananthus ciliaris (Sande Lac.) Sukkharak. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apices. M. Cross section of stem. (All from Gradstein 10366 (GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFBCBF32FF17397EFEF5997B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642015	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFBDBF30FF1739EDFDD99DD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642031/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642031	FIGURE 13. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B–C. Leaves, ventral view. D–E. Underleaves, ventral view. F. Female bracts, ventral view. G. Female bracteole, ventral view. H. Perianth, dorsal view. I. Perianth, ventral view. J. Leaf apex. K. Margin cells of leaf lobe. L. Median cells of leaf lobe. M. Basal cells of leaf lobe. N.–P. Leaf lobule apices. Q. Cross section of stem. R. Oil bodies (A, C, E–Q from the lectotype, B, D from Schiffner s.n. (GOET), R from Sukkharak 730 (BKF, GOET)).	FIGURE 13. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B–C. Leaves, ventral view. D–E. Underleaves, ventral view. F. Female bracts, ventral view. G. Female bracteole, ventral view. H. Perianth, dorsal view. I. Perianth, ventral view. J. Leaf apex. K. Margin cells of leaf lobe. L. Median cells of leaf lobe. M. Basal cells of leaf lobe. N.–P. Leaf lobule apices. Q. Cross section of stem. R. Oil bodies (A, C, E–Q from the lectotype, B, D from Schiffner s.n. (GOET), R from Sukkharak 730 (BKF, GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFBDBF30FF1739EDFDD99DD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642015	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB8BF36FF173D80FDD99E3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642033/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642033	FIGURE 14. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apices. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apices. M. Cross section of stem. N. Oil bodies. (A–M from the lectotype; N from Sukkharak 717 (BKF, GOET)).	FIGURE 14. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apices. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apices. M. Cross section of stem. N. Oil bodies. (A–M from the lectotype; N from Sukkharak 717 (BKF, GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB8BF36FF173D80FDD99E3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642015	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB9BF36FF173EAEFAC39871.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642035/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642035	FIGURE 15. Thysananthus convolutus var. laceratus (Steph.) Sukkharak. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apices. M. Leaf lobule base. N. Cross section of stem. (All from the lectotype).	FIGURE 15. Thysananthus convolutus var. laceratus (Steph.) Sukkharak. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apices. M. Leaf lobule base. N. Cross section of stem. (All from the lectotype).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB9BF35FF1738E4FECC9B2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642037/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642037	FIGURE 16. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst. A–B. Portion of shoot, ventral view. C–D. Leaves, ventral view. E–F. Underleaves, ventral view. G. Female bracts, ventral view: a appendage. H. Female bracteole, ventral view. I. Perianth, dorsal view. J. Perianth, ventral view. K. Leaf apex. L–M. Margin cells of leaf lobe. N. Median cells of leaf lobe. O. Basal cells of leaf lobe. P. Leaf lobule apices. Q. Cross section of stem. (A, C, E, G–K, M–Q from the holotype; B, D, F, L from Streimann 13622 (JE)).	FIGURE 16. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst. A–B. Portion of shoot, ventral view. C–D. Leaves, ventral view. E–F. Underleaves, ventral view. G. Female bracts, ventral view: a appendage. H. Female bracteole, ventral view. I. Perianth, dorsal view. J. Perianth, ventral view. K. Leaf apex. L–M. Margin cells of leaf lobe. N. Median cells of leaf lobe. O. Basal cells of leaf lobe. P. Leaf lobule apices. Q. Cross section of stem. (A, C, E, G–K, M–Q from the holotype; B, D, F, L from Streimann 13622 (JE)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFB9BF35FF1738E4FECC9B2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642015	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF8CBF01FF173917FE2A9AE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642051/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642051	FIGURE 23. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe, showing the vitta. L–M. Leaf lobule apices. N. Cross section of stem. (A–C, H–N from the lectotype; D–G from Brass 22185 (JE)).	FIGURE 23. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe, showing the vitta. L–M. Leaf lobule apices. N. Cross section of stem. (A–C, H–N from the lectotype; D–G from Brass 22185 (JE)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF8CBF01FF173917FE2A9AE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642053/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642053	FIGURE 24. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. A–B. Portion of shoot, ventral view: a = appendage. C–D. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Underleaves, ventral view. (A, C, E from Beccari s.n. (JE); B, D from Streimann 25733 (JE)).	FIGURE 24. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. A–B. Portion of shoot, ventral view: a = appendage. C–D. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Underleaves, ventral view. (A, C, E from Beccari s.n. (JE); B, D from Streimann 25733 (JE)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF8CBF01FF173917FE2A9AE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642063/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642063	FIGURE 27. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apices. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apex. M. Cross section of stem. (All from the holotype).	FIGURE 27. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apices. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apex. M. Cross section of stem. (All from the holotype).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF8CBF01FF173917FE2A9AE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642027/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642027	FIGURE 11. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apices. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apices. M. Cross section of stem. N. Portion of shoot, ventral view. O. Leaves, ventral view. P. Underleaves, ventral view. (A–C, H–M from the lectotype; D–G from Streimann 13859 (JE); N–P from Gradstein 3875 (GEOT)).	FIGURE 11. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apices. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apices. M. Cross section of stem. N. Portion of shoot, ventral view. O. Leaves, ventral view. P. Underleaves, ventral view. (A–C, H–M from the lectotype; D–G from Streimann 13859 (JE); N–P from Gradstein 3875 (GEOT)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF8CBF01FF173917FE2A9AE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642015	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF84BF0BFF17383DFB3D9A04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642041/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642041	FIGURE 18. Thysananthus gottschei var. continuus Sukkharak. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Margin cells of leaf lobe. I–J. Leaf lobule apices. K. Leaf lobule base. (All from the lectotype).	FIGURE 18. Thysananthus gottschei var. continuus Sukkharak. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view: a = appendage. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Margin cells of leaf lobe. I–J. Leaf lobule apices. K. Leaf lobule base. (All from the lectotype).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFBBBF0BFF173A52FD229FCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642039/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642039	FIGURE 17. Thysananthus gottschei (J.B.Jack & Steph.) Steph. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apex. M. Cross section of stem. (A–C, H–M from the lectotype; D–G from Gradstein 10324 (GOET)).	FIGURE 17. Thysananthus gottschei (J.B.Jack & Steph.) Steph. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apex. M. Cross section of stem. (A–C, H–M from the lectotype; D–G from Gradstein 10324 (GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FFBBBF0BFF173A52FD229FCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642015	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF8FBF07FF173CB6FB279D66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642057/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642057	FIGURE 25. Thysananthus mollis Steph. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view: a = appendage. G. Perianth, ventral view, a = appendage. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L–N. Leaf lobule apices. O. Cross section of stem. (All the holotype).	FIGURE 25. Thysananthus mollis Steph. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view: a = appendage. G. Perianth, ventral view, a = appendage. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L–N. Leaf lobule apices. O. Cross section of stem. (All the holotype).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF8FBF07FF173CB6FB279D66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642061/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642061	FIGURE 26. Thysananthus mollis Steph. A–C. Portion of shoot, ventral view. D–F. Leaves, ventral view. G–I. Underleaves, ventral view. (A, D, G from Streimann & Bellamy 13049 (JE); B, E, H from Streimann 26631 (JE); C, F, I from Gradstein 3792 (GOET)).	FIGURE 26. Thysananthus mollis Steph. A–C. Portion of shoot, ventral view. D–F. Leaves, ventral view. G–I. Underleaves, ventral view. (A, D, G from Streimann & Bellamy 13049 (JE); B, E, H from Streimann 26631 (JE); C, F, I from Gradstein 3792 (GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF8FBF07FF173CB6FB279D66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642015	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF88BF07FF173D96FA3E944C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642063/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642063	FIGURE 27. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apices. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apex. M. Cross section of stem. (All from the holotype).	FIGURE 27. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apices. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apex. M. Cross section of stem. (All from the holotype).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF88BF07FF173D96FA3E944C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642015	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF81BF0DFF1739CEFA3E944C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642049/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642049	FIGURE 22. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H–I. Leaf apices. J. Margin cells of leaf lobe. K. Median cells of leaf lobe. L. Basal cells of leaf lobe. M–N. Leaf lobule apices: h = hyaline papilla. O. Cross section of stem. (All from the lectotype).	FIGURE 22. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H–I. Leaf apices. J. Margin cells of leaf lobe. K. Median cells of leaf lobe. L. Basal cells of leaf lobe. M–N. Leaf lobule apices: h = hyaline papilla. O. Cross section of stem. (All from the lectotype).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF81BF0DFF1739CEFA3E944C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642015	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF81BF0DFF1739CEFA3E944C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642017/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642017	FIGURE 6. Bayesian molecular phylogenetic reconstruction inferred from the combined chloroplast and ITS dataset, excluding one sample of Thysananthus pancheri which showed conflicting positions in the chloroplast and ITS trees. Branch thickness and color indicate posterior probability values from Bayesian analyses with gaps treated as missing data (BPP) and with indels coded by SIV (BPPSIC) as well as bootstrap support from respective maximum parsimony analyses (MPB, MPBSIC). Modified after Sukkharak et al. (2011b).	FIGURE 6. Bayesian molecular phylogenetic reconstruction inferred from the combined chloroplast and ITS dataset, excluding one sample of Thysananthus pancheri which showed conflicting positions in the chloroplast and ITS trees. Branch thickness and color indicate posterior probability values from Bayesian analyses with gaps treated as missing data (BPP) and with indels coded by SIV (BPPSIC) as well as bootstrap support from respective maximum parsimony analyses (MPB, MPBSIC). Modified after Sukkharak et al. (2011b).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF81BF0DFF1739CEFA3E944C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642019/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642019	FIGURE 7. Bayesian molecular phylogenetic reconstructions inferred from the separated chloroplast (A) and ITS (B) datasets, including differences in sequence lengths (indels) coded by simple indel coding (SIC). Modified after Sukkharak et al. (2011b).	FIGURE 7. Bayesian molecular phylogenetic reconstructions inferred from the separated chloroplast (A) and ITS (B) datasets, including differences in sequence lengths (indels) coded by simple indel coding (SIC). Modified after Sukkharak et al. (2011b).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF89BF06FF173CB6FD419AD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642063/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642063	FIGURE 27. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apices. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apex. M. Cross section of stem. (All from the holotype).	FIGURE 27. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apices. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L. Leaf lobule apex. M. Cross section of stem. (All from the holotype).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF89BF06FF173CB6FD419AD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642065/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642065	FIGURE 28. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. A–C. Portions of shoot, ventral view. D. Leaves, ventral view. E. Underleaves, ventral view. F. Female bracts, ventral view. G. Female bracteole, ventral view. H. Perianth, dorsal view. I. Perianth, ventral view. J–L. Leaf apices. M. Margin cells of leaf lobe. N. Median cells of leaf lobe. O. Basal cells of leaf lobe, showing the vitta. P–Q. Leaf lobule apices. R. Cross section of stem. S. Oil bodies, non-vittate cells. T. Oil bodies, vittate cells. (A–R from the holotype; S–T from Sukkharak 733 (BKF, GOET)).	FIGURE 28. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. A–C. Portions of shoot, ventral view. D. Leaves, ventral view. E. Underleaves, ventral view. F. Female bracts, ventral view. G. Female bracteole, ventral view. H. Perianth, dorsal view. I. Perianth, ventral view. J–L. Leaf apices. M. Margin cells of leaf lobe. N. Median cells of leaf lobe. O. Basal cells of leaf lobe, showing the vitta. P–Q. Leaf lobule apices. R. Cross section of stem. S. Oil bodies, non-vittate cells. T. Oil bodies, vittate cells. (A–R from the holotype; S–T from Sukkharak 733 (BKF, GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF8ABF05FF173CB6FE7E9AE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642065/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642065	FIGURE 28. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. A–C. Portions of shoot, ventral view. D. Leaves, ventral view. E. Underleaves, ventral view. F. Female bracts, ventral view. G. Female bracteole, ventral view. H. Perianth, dorsal view. I. Perianth, ventral view. J–L. Leaf apices. M. Margin cells of leaf lobe. N. Median cells of leaf lobe. O. Basal cells of leaf lobe, showing the vitta. P–Q. Leaf lobule apices. R. Cross section of stem. S. Oil bodies, non-vittate cells. T. Oil bodies, vittate cells. (A–R from the holotype; S–T from Sukkharak 733 (BKF, GOET)).	FIGURE 28. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. A–C. Portions of shoot, ventral view. D. Leaves, ventral view. E. Underleaves, ventral view. F. Female bracts, ventral view. G. Female bracteole, ventral view. H. Perianth, dorsal view. I. Perianth, ventral view. J–L. Leaf apices. M. Margin cells of leaf lobe. N. Median cells of leaf lobe. O. Basal cells of leaf lobe, showing the vitta. P–Q. Leaf lobule apices. R. Cross section of stem. S. Oil bodies, non-vittate cells. T. Oil bodies, vittate cells. (A–R from the holotype; S–T from Sukkharak 733 (BKF, GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF8ABF05FF173CB6FE7E9AE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642067/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642067	FIGURE 29. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. A–E. Portion of shoot, ventral view. F–I. Leaves, ventral view. J–L. Underleaves, ventral view. M–N. Leaf lobule apices. (A, F, J, M from the holotype of T. australis; C, H, K, N from Gradstein 3963 (GOET); D from the holotype; E, I, L from Degelius 223 (JE).—T. retusus subsp. sellingii (Herzog) Sukkharak. B. Portion of shoot, ventral view. G. Leaves, ventral view. (All from the holotype).	FIGURE 29. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. A–E. Portion of shoot, ventral view. F–I. Leaves, ventral view. J–L. Underleaves, ventral view. M–N. Leaf lobule apices. (A, F, J, M from the holotype of T. australis; C, H, K, N from Gradstein 3963 (GOET); D from the holotype; E, I, L from Degelius 223 (JE).—T. retusus subsp. sellingii (Herzog) Sukkharak. B. Portion of shoot, ventral view. G. Leaves, ventral view. (All from the holotype).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF8ABF05FF173CB6FE7E9AE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642061/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642061	FIGURE 26. Thysananthus mollis Steph. A–C. Portion of shoot, ventral view. D–F. Leaves, ventral view. G–I. Underleaves, ventral view. (A, D, G from Streimann & Bellamy 13049 (JE); B, E, H from Streimann 26631 (JE); C, F, I from Gradstein 3792 (GOET)).	FIGURE 26. Thysananthus mollis Steph. A–C. Portion of shoot, ventral view. D–F. Leaves, ventral view. G–I. Underleaves, ventral view. (A, D, G from Streimann & Bellamy 13049 (JE); B, E, H from Streimann 26631 (JE); C, F, I from Gradstein 3792 (GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF8ABF05FF173CB6FE7E9AE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642057/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642057	FIGURE 25. Thysananthus mollis Steph. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view: a = appendage. G. Perianth, ventral view, a = appendage. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L–N. Leaf lobule apices. O. Cross section of stem. (All the holotype).	FIGURE 25. Thysananthus mollis Steph. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view: a = appendage. G. Perianth, ventral view, a = appendage. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L–N. Leaf lobule apices. O. Cross section of stem. (All the holotype).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF8ABF05FF173CB6FE7E9AE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642015	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF8ABF04FF173B15FEEA9DD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642067/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642067	FIGURE 29. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. A–E. Portion of shoot, ventral view. F–I. Leaves, ventral view. J–L. Underleaves, ventral view. M–N. Leaf lobule apices. (A, F, J, M from the holotype of T. australis; C, H, K, N from Gradstein 3963 (GOET); D from the holotype; E, I, L from Degelius 223 (JE).—T. retusus subsp. sellingii (Herzog) Sukkharak. B. Portion of shoot, ventral view. G. Leaves, ventral view. (All from the holotype).	FIGURE 29. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. A–E. Portion of shoot, ventral view. F–I. Leaves, ventral view. J–L. Underleaves, ventral view. M–N. Leaf lobule apices. (A, F, J, M from the holotype of T. australis; C, H, K, N from Gradstein 3963 (GOET); D from the holotype; E, I, L from Degelius 223 (JE).—T. retusus subsp. sellingii (Herzog) Sukkharak. B. Portion of shoot, ventral view. G. Leaves, ventral view. (All from the holotype).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF84BF0FFF173A7DFB7A98EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642043/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642043	FIGURE 19. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Lindenb. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L–M. Leaf lobule apices. N. Cross section of stem. O. Oil bodies. (A–N from the holotype; L from Pócs 9358/B (EGR); O from Sukkharak 716 (BKF, GOET)).	FIGURE 19. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Lindenb. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view. G. Perianth, ventral view. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L–M. Leaf lobule apices. N. Cross section of stem. O. Oil bodies. (A–N from the holotype; L from Pócs 9358/B (EGR); O from Sukkharak 716 (BKF, GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF84BF0FFF173A7DFB7A98EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642045/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642045	FIGURE 20. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Lindenb. A–D. Portion of shoot, ventral view. E–H. Leaves, ventral view. (A, E from the holotype of T. spathulistipus var. borneensis; B, F from the holotype of T. minor; C, G from the holotype of T. fuscobrunneus; D, H from the holotype of T. triquetrus).	FIGURE 20. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Lindenb. A–D. Portion of shoot, ventral view. E–H. Leaves, ventral view. (A, E from the holotype of T. spathulistipus var. borneensis; B, F from the holotype of T. minor; C, G from the holotype of T. fuscobrunneus; D, H from the holotype of T. triquetrus).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF84BF0FFF173A7DFB7A98EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642007/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642007	FIGURE 1. Method of measurement in Thysananthus. A. Leaf, ventral view; a = appendage, d = dorsal leaf margin, f = lobule free margin, k = keel, l = leaf length, lb = lobule length, t1,2 = lobule teeth, u = auricle, v = ventral leaf margin, w = leaf width, wb = lobule width. B. Underleaf, ventral view; u = auricle, l = underleaf length, w = underleaf width. C. Perianth, ventral view; b = beak, l = perianth length, w = perianth width. D. Portion of shoot with Lejeunea-type branching, ventral view; c = collar. E. Portion of shoot with androecia, gynoecium, and lejeuneoid innovation (dichasial pattern), ventral view. F. Flagellum at stem base, ventral view. G. Dorsal leaf bases are distinctly extending across the dorsal midline of the stem, indicating that lateral merophytes are dorsally interlocking; h= hyaline papillae. H. Underleaf base in longitudinal section. (A from the lectotype of T. appendiculatus; B–C from the holotype of T. discretus; D from T. spathulistipus, Sukkharak 766 (BKF, GOET); E from T. spathulistipus, Sukkharak 746 (BKF, GOET); F from isolectotype of T. comosus; G from T. spathulistipus, Sukkharak 716 (BKF, GOET); H from holotype of T. discretus).	FIGURE 1. Method of measurement in Thysananthus. A. Leaf, ventral view; a = appendage, d = dorsal leaf margin, f = lobule free margin, k = keel, l = leaf length, lb = lobule length, t1,2 = lobule teeth, u = auricle, v = ventral leaf margin, w = leaf width, wb = lobule width. B. Underleaf, ventral view; u = auricle, l = underleaf length, w = underleaf width. C. Perianth, ventral view; b = beak, l = perianth length, w = perianth width. D. Portion of shoot with Lejeunea-type branching, ventral view; c = collar. E. Portion of shoot with androecia, gynoecium, and lejeuneoid innovation (dichasial pattern), ventral view. F. Flagellum at stem base, ventral view. G. Dorsal leaf bases are distinctly extending across the dorsal midline of the stem, indicating that lateral merophytes are dorsally interlocking; h= hyaline papillae. H. Underleaf base in longitudinal section. (A from the lectotype of T. appendiculatus; B–C from the holotype of T. discretus; D from T. spathulistipus, Sukkharak 766 (BKF, GOET); E from T. spathulistipus, Sukkharak 746 (BKF, GOET); F from isolectotype of T. comosus; G from T. spathulistipus, Sukkharak 716 (BKF, GOET); H from holotype of T. discretus).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF84BF0FFF173A7DFB7A98EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642065/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642065	FIGURE 28. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. A–C. Portions of shoot, ventral view. D. Leaves, ventral view. E. Underleaves, ventral view. F. Female bracts, ventral view. G. Female bracteole, ventral view. H. Perianth, dorsal view. I. Perianth, ventral view. J–L. Leaf apices. M. Margin cells of leaf lobe. N. Median cells of leaf lobe. O. Basal cells of leaf lobe, showing the vitta. P–Q. Leaf lobule apices. R. Cross section of stem. S. Oil bodies, non-vittate cells. T. Oil bodies, vittate cells. (A–R from the holotype; S–T from Sukkharak 733 (BKF, GOET)).	FIGURE 28. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. A–C. Portions of shoot, ventral view. D. Leaves, ventral view. E. Underleaves, ventral view. F. Female bracts, ventral view. G. Female bracteole, ventral view. H. Perianth, dorsal view. I. Perianth, ventral view. J–L. Leaf apices. M. Margin cells of leaf lobe. N. Median cells of leaf lobe. O. Basal cells of leaf lobe, showing the vitta. P–Q. Leaf lobule apices. R. Cross section of stem. S. Oil bodies, non-vittate cells. T. Oil bodies, vittate cells. (A–R from the holotype; S–T from Sukkharak 733 (BKF, GOET)).	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
73083D48FF84BF0FFF173A7DFB7A98EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/13642015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13642015	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.	2015-01-16	Sukkharak, Phiangphak		Zenodo	biologists	Sukkharak, Phiangphak			
