identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
73329102FF82FF9DDADE3D80FC9E96D2.text	73329102FF82FF9DDADE3D80FC9E96D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leurotrigona Moure 1950	<div><p>Leurotrigona Moure, 1950</p><p>Hypotrigona (Leurotrigona) Moure, 1950b: 244, 1951: 34 .</p><p>Type species: Trigona muelleri Friese, 1900 (by original designation).</p><p>Melipona; Bc group, Ducke 1916: 32, 1945: 27 (partim).</p><p>Trigona (Hypotrigona); Schwarz 1938: 502 (partim), 1940: 10 (partim), 1948: 169 (partim). Trigona (Trigonisca); Wille &amp; Chandler 1964: 192 (partim).</p><p>Leurotrigona; Moure 1971: 47 (by inference); Camargo &amp; Moure 1988: 293–295 (by inference). Trigonisca; Michener 1990: 131 (partim), 2000: 804 (partim), 2007: 829 (partim).</p><p>The diagnosis of the genus Leurotrigona was based on Moure (1950b, 1951), modified by the addition of characters common to all species, applicable particularly to the workers. The format follows Camargo and Pedro (2005), and Camargo and Roubik (2005). Distinctive or autapomorphic characters are indicated in boldface letters.</p><p>a―Body length between 1.7 and 3.0 mm; head width between 0.8 and 1.2 mm. b―Integument very smooth and shiny, devoid of sculpturing except by the piligerous punctures. c―Body black except antennal scape, labrum, mandible and upper part of tegula ferruginous to yellowish. Wing membrane hyaline, iridescent, Costal and Radial veins and pterostigma honey-ferruginous, other veins uncolored. d―Yellow markings absent on head and thorax, but scutellum of some specimens with two stripes, one on each side of posterior margin, and two spots in anterior margin light brownish, clypeus (except the blackish contour), supraclypeal area and malar space dark brownish. e ―Vestiture fine, sparse, whitish to pale yellowish, predominantly simple and short, more abundant and longer ventrally; short plumose hairs only on lateral margins of mesoscutum and pronotal lobes, around propodeal spiracles and hind distal corner of tibia III; hairs of scape shorter than its diameter; sides of mesepisternum with sparse, appressed micropilosity; metapostnotum glabrous, sides of propodeum with some simple hairs besides plumose hairs around spiracles. f ―Head a little wider than longer (1.1–1.2x) and wider than thorax; maximum interorbital distance subequal to or longer than eye length; inner eye orbits slightly sinuous and convergent or parallel below; upper tangent of antennal alveolus below middle of face; vertex rounded; malar space length variable, equal or 2x diameter of fl.3; preoccipital ridge rounded, uncarinate; gena, in side view, little wider than eye; external orbit not delimited by carina. g ―Clypeus length variable, 1/3 to 1/ 2x its maximum width, and 1/5 to 1/ 4x clypeocellar distance; epistomal suture, on sides, slightly sinuous and divergent to apex, between subantennal sutures slightly bent down; subantennal sutures reduced. h ―Labrum simple, convex. i ―Mandible with two teeth on inner third of apical bor- der. j ―Antennal scape nearly cylindrical, 4.8–6.0x as long as its diameter and 0.6–0.7x the alveolocellar distance; pedicel rounded, little longer than wide and little longer than fl.1; fl.1 trapezoid, wider on apex than on base, nearly as long as following flagellomeres, those cylindrical and shorter than wide, last flagellomere 2x longer than wide. k ―Pronotum short, 1/ 2x scutellum length, its anterior border turned up, slightly recurved, without transversal sulcus. l ―Mesoscutum wider than long; scutellum short, 2x wider than long, flattened, inclined to apex, not projected over metanotum; posterior margin semicircular; without basal fovea. Thorax + propodeum (= mesosoma) lengthened backwards, 1.2–1.6x longer than high. m ―Forewing shorter than body length and 2.6–3.3x longer than tibia III; pterostigma large, 1.7x longer than diameter of fl.3 and 3x its own length; R1 1/2–2/ 3x length of pterostigma; marginal cell 3.2–3.8x longer than wide, largely open apically, Rs weakly marked on its distal 2/5; bifurcation between M and M+Cu coincident with cu-anal, Cu dislocated upward and weakly marked; submarginal angle between Rs and Rs+M obtuse, about 120°, equal to angle between M and Rs+M; M vein nearly 3/ 4x 1st abscissa of Cu, the last one transparent; submarginal cells weakly marked, only radial and cubital cells closed; only Radial and Anal veins distinct in hindwing, jugal lobe little longer than 1/ 2x anal lobe; hamuli, 5. n ―Tibia III subtriangular, 2.5–2.7x longer than wide, gradually expanded to apex; postero-distal corner right or acute; distal edge sinuous; corbicular setae simple; external surface slightly bulging on basal 2/3 and concave on apical third, this constituting the corbicula proper; inner surface with keirotrichiate area slightly elevated; the narrow posterior rim glabrous, not depressed, its width about 1/ 4x tibia width; tibial comb and penicillum normal, setae of penicillum practically straight. o ―Basitarsus III narrow, ca. 1/ 2x tibia III width and 1/ 2x its own length, subrectangular, anterior margin practically straight and posterior margin slightly concave-convex; postero-distal corner rounded and slightly projecting; inner surface without basal sericeous area, setose covering arranged in 6–7 transversal rows of regular setae, increasing in size towards apex. p― Metapostnotum + propodeum as long as or longer than scutellum, on side view aligned with mesoscutum; posterior surface vertical, equal to or little shorter than basal surface (see figure 3 in Moure et al. 1988). q ―Abdomen short and wide, approximately ogival. r ―Labium short, ca. 1.2x head length; galea ca. 1/ 2x length of tibia III. s ―Nest in small natural or artificial cavities (Moure et al. 1988; Rasmussen 2003).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73329102FF82FF9DDADE3D80FC9E96D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pedro, Silvia R. M.;Camargo, João M. F.	Pedro, Silvia R. M., Camargo, João M. F. (2009): Neotropical Meliponini: the genus Leurotrigona Moure — two new species (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Apinae). Zootaxa 1983: 23-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185346
73329102FF83FF9DDADE3F5DFA4F92E7.text	73329102FF83FF9DDADE3F5DFA4F92E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leurotrigona Moure	<div><p>Key to the species of Leurotrigona Moure</p><p>1 Smaller bees, head width 0.79–0.88 mm. Workers with short malar space, as long as diameter of fl.3; integument of upper gena with fine tessellation; clypeus with simple, unbranched hairs (Figs. 1, 4); posterior margin of tibia III sinuous, posterior parapenicillum markedly sinuous, S-shaped (Figs. 2, 5). SVI of male with broad, hairy and concave area medially (Figs. 6, 11); projection of SVII simple and pointed (Figs. 7, 12) ......................................................... 2</p><p>- Larger bees, head width 1.01–1.20 mm. Workers with long malar space, as long as 2x the diameter of fl.3; integument of upper gena smooth, devoid of tessellation; clypeus with silvery gray scale-like branched hairs (Figs. 16, 18); posterior margin of tibia III slightly arched; posterior parapenicillum curved, not S-shaped (Figs. 17, 20). SVI of male with deeply emarginated area medially (Fig. 21); median projection of SVII broadened and deeply emarginated apically (Fig. 22) (only the male of L. muelleri known)............................................................................................... 3</p><p>2 Pubescence of clypeus and lower parocular area of workers relatively dense and long; in discal area of clypeus, piligerous points separated by distance shorter than hair length; some long branched hairs on juxtaclypeal area (Fig. 1). SVI of male with broad, hairy medial area deeply concave (Fig. 6); median projection of SVII slender and Yshaped (Fig. 7). Antioquia, Colombia (Fig. 26) ............................................................. Leurotrigona crispula sp. nov.</p><p>- Pubescence of clypeus and lower parocular area of workers short and sparse; in discal area of clypeus, piligerous points separated by distance about as long as hair length; only simple hairs or very shortly branched hairs on juxtaclypeal area (Fig. 4). SVI of male with broad, hairy medial area slightly concave (Fig. 11); median projection of SVII broader and V-shaped (Fig. 12). French Guiana, western Amazon, Brazil to Peru (Fig. 26) ................................ .......................................................................................................................................... L. pusilla Moure &amp; Camargo</p><p>3 Silvery gray scale-like hairs of clypeus and parocular area of workers slightly broadened, some of them shortly branched, not reaching frons (Fig. 16); pubescence on posterior region of propodeal spiracle sparse and simple, reaching halfway or less toward base of coxa III. Male unknown. Western Amazon, Brazil (Fig. 26) ......................... ........................................................................................................................................ Leurotrigona gracilis sp. nov.</p><p>- Silvery gray scale-like hairs of clypeus and parocular area of workers, broadened, branched, up to frons (Fig. 18); pubescence on posterior region of propodeal spiracle dense and plumose, reaching about 2/3 of the distance toward base of coxa III. Genitalia and pre-genital sterna of male as in figures 21–25. Santa Catarina to Paraíba, Brazil, on west to Madre de Dios, Peru (Fig. 26) ............................................................................................ L. muelleri (Friese)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73329102FF83FF9DDADE3F5DFA4F92E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pedro, Silvia R. M.;Camargo, João M. F.	Pedro, Silvia R. M., Camargo, João M. F. (2009): Neotropical Meliponini: the genus Leurotrigona Moure — two new species (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Apinae). Zootaxa 1983: 23-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185346
73329102FF83FF98DADE3B0DFCC090B9.text	73329102FF83FF98DADE3B0DFCC090B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leurotrigona crispula	<div><p>Leurotrigona crispula sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1–3, 6–10, 26, Tab. I)</p><p>Diagnosis. Worker (Figs. 1, 2; Tab. I). Head width 0,84–0,86 mm; pubescence of clypeus and lower parocular area simple, relatively dense and long; in discal area of clypeus, piligerous points separated by distance shorter than hair length, some long branched hairs on juxtaclypeal area (Fig. 1); malar space short, 1x diameter of fl.3 (Fig. 1); clypeus short, about 1/3 of its maximum width and 1/5 of clypeocellar distance; integument of upper gena with fine tessellation; posterior margin of tibia III sinuous, posterior parapenicillum markedly sinuous, S-shaped (Fig. 2); keirotrichiate area on inner surface of tibia III with a glabrous area medially.</p><p>Male (Figs. 3, 6–10; Tab. I). SVI with broad hairy medial area deeply concave (Fig. 6); median projection of SVII slender and Y-shaped (Fig. 7); genitalia with gonocoxite wider than long, recurved on distal margin and projecting laterally on the gonostylus articulation (Figs. 9, 10).</p><p>Holotype, worker (Tab. I).</p><p>Dimensions. Total length, 1.98 mm; forewing length, from apex of costal sclerite to wing tip, 1.88 mm (including tegula, 2.10 mm); maximum head width, 0.84 mm; abdomen width (TIII), 0.76 mm.</p><p>Integument color. Typical of the genus (genus diagnosis, items c, d)</p><p>Vestiture. Clypeus and lower parocular area up to upper margin of antennal alveolus with dense semiappressed, relatively long (0.04 mm) simple hairs (in discal area of clypeus, distance between piligerous points about half as long as hair length), not shining; some long branched hairs on juxtaclypeal area (Fig. 1); above antennal alveolus, dense but shorter, finer and erect; on frons, sparser, erect and longer (0.06 mm); on vertex, between lateral ocelli, denser and longer than on frons. On mesoscutum, few hairs, very sparse and erect, on discal area ca. 0.04 mm long, longer (0.07 mm) and slightly curved on anterior corners; on lateral borders of scutellum some long (0.14 mm) erect hairs. On propodeum, in addition to plumose pubescence around propodeal spiracles, short simple hairs, semi-appressed, from spiracle to posterior border next to base of coxa III; some longer sparse hairs on vertical surface of propodeum. Tergum II practically glabrous, only some microscopic hairs on anterior concave surface and some long hairs on anterior corners; TIII–TVI with some hairs on sides and anterior margin, very short on TIII and progressively longer to TVI; on TVII long erect hairs scattered on surface. Lateral margins of tibia III with pale-whitish translucent hairs, 0.22 mm long; on postero-distal corner, the posterior parapenicillum composed of a tuft of plumose hairs and 3–4 setae very long, simple and strongly sinuous to the apex (as in Fig. 2).</p><p>Integument sculpture. Typical of the genus (item b), except for the upper third of gena, behind the eye, with very fine tessellation. The concave region of anterior vertical surface of TII marked with a fine and relatively dense punctuation.</p><p>Form and proportions (measurements in Table I). Head slightly wider than long. Eye 2.4x longer than wide; upper interorbital distance as long as eye length; inner orbits convergent below (as in Fig.1). Clypeus very short, about 1/3 of its maximum width and 1/5 of clypeocellar distance; inner corners separate from orbits by 1.4x malar space length; malar space as long as the diameter of fl.3 (as in Fig. 1). Interalveolar distance 1x alveolus diameter. Interocellar distance little longer than 2x median ocellus diameter and ocellorbital distance ca. 1.6x. Supraclypeal area swollen between alveoli, gently sloping down to median sulcus; frons medially depressed-sulcate. Antennal scape as long as 4.8x its diameter, and 0.6x alveolocellar distance; flagellum + pedicel as long as 2x scape length. Mandible length 1/ 2x clypeocellar distance. Tibia III triangular, 2.6x longer than wide; posterior border sinuous and postero-distal angle projecting, acute (as in Fig. 2).</p><p>Male (specimen 910053, from the same nest of the holotype; Figs. 3, 6–10; Tab. I).</p><p>Dimensions. Total length, 2.22 mm; forewing length, from apex of costal sclerite to wing tip, 1.82 mm (including tegula, 2.06 mm); maximum head width, 0.82 mm; abdomen width (TIII), 0.64 mm.</p><p>Integument color, vestiture, integument sculpture. As in worker, only some areas of face slightly rugose: between ocelli and just above the alveoli. Pilosity of inner margin of mandible and sides of TVI and TVII much longer than in worker. The hairs of pre-genital sterna and gonostylus as in Figs. 6–10.</p><p>Form and proportions (measurements in Table I). Head slightly wider than long. Eye 2x longer than wide, strongly convergent below (as in Fig. 3); upper interorbital distance 0.8x eye length. Clypeus longer than in worker, 0.53x longer than wide and 1/ 4x clypeocellar distance; malar space practically null (as in Fig. 3). Interalveolar distance a little shorter than median ocellus diameter, slightly longer than alveolorbital distance and about 1/ 5x alveolocellar distance. Interocellar distance ca. 2x median ocellus diameter and ocellorbital distance less than 1x. Upper half of frons as in worker, but lower portion, just above antennal alveoli, more strongly depressed medially, with a convex surface flanking the depressed area. Scape shorter, 3.8x longer than its diameter and a little shorter than half the alveolocellar distance. Flagellum + pedicel 0.86 mm long, ca. 3.7x longer than scape. Mandible toothless, a little shorter than half the clypeocellar distance. Tibia III and basitarsus III swollen. Pre-genital sterna and genitalia as in Figs. 6–10.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, worker, from “Antioquia, Colombia, Porto Triunfo, V.1990, J. Rincón leg.”, deposited in RPSP, no. 910068. Paratypes, from the same locality, probably collected from the same nest, 11 males (nos. 910050, 910051, 910053, 910055, 910057–910059, 910061, 910063, 910065, 910066) and 9 workers (910051, 910054, 910056, 910060, 910062, 910064, 910067, 910069), also deposited in RPSP.</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin, crispus, relating to the sinuous, curly hairs of the posterior parapenicillum.</p><p>Geographical distribution. Known only from the Magdalena River valley in Antioquia, Colombia (Fig. 26).</p><p>Nest. Unknown.</p><p>Discussion. Leurotrigona crispula sp. nov. is very similar to L. pusilla, whose workers share the very small size, the general shape of the head and all other characters listed in Diagnosis, except the vestiture of the clypeus and lower parocular area, which is longer and more abundant than in L. pusilla . Also, the males present remarkable differences in the shape of pre-genital sterna and genitalia that can be seen comparing the figures 6–10 ( L. crispula sp. nov.) and 11–15 ( L. pusilla).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73329102FF83FF98DADE3B0DFCC090B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pedro, Silvia R. M.;Camargo, João M. F.	Pedro, Silvia R. M., Camargo, João M. F. (2009): Neotropical Meliponini: the genus Leurotrigona Moure — two new species (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Apinae). Zootaxa 1983: 23-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185346
73329102FF87FF96DADE3810FBD7948A.text	73329102FF87FF96DADE3810FBD7948A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leurotrigona pusilla Moure & Camargo	<div><p>Leurotrigona pusilla Moure &amp; Camargo, in Moure et al., 1988</p><p>(Figs. 4, 5, 11–15, 26; Tab. I)</p><p>Leurotrigona pusilla Moure &amp; Camargo, in Moure et al. 1988: 146 [due to an editorial lapsus the description was headed with the name Leurotrigona muelleri, however the intended new name appeared in the abstract, legends and text, being considered the valid name]; Camargo 1994: 50, 52; Pompolo 1994: 144; Oliveira et al. 1995: 16, 17, 18, 19; Pompolo &amp; Campos 1995: 181, 182, 183; Lopes &amp; Machado 1998: 82; Nates-Parra 2001: 233; 2005: 58; Oliveira 2001: 210; Silveira et al. 2002: 88; Rasmussen 2003: 15; Rocha et al. 2003: 316; Urban 2003: 33, 43; Kaminski &amp; Absy 2006: 261, 262; Camargo &amp; Pedro 2007: 316.</p><p>Trigonisca pusilla; Michener 1990: 131.</p><p>Leurotrigona cf. pusilla; Mesquita &amp; Franciscon 1995: 256.</p><p>Trigonisca pussila [sic]; Nates-Parra 2005: 78.</p><p>Diagnosis. Worker (Figs. 4, 5, 11–15, Tab. I). Head width 0.79–0.88 mm; pubescence of clypeus and lower parocular area, simple, relatively shorter and sparse; piligerous points separated by distance about as long as hair length in discal area of clypeus; only simple hairs or very shortly branched hairs on juxtaclypeal area (Fig. 4); malar space short, 1x diameter of fl.3 (Fig. 4); clypeus short, about 1/3 of its maximum width and 1/ 5 of clypeocellar distance; integument of upper gena with fine tessellation; posterior margin of tibia III sinuous, posterior parapenicillum markedly sinuous, S-shaped (Fig. 5); keirotrichiate area on inner surface of tibia III with a glabrous area medially.</p><p>Male (Figs. 11–15; Tab. I). SVI with broad hairy medial area slightly concave (Fig. 11); median projection of SVII broader and V-shaped (Fig. 12); gonocoxite as long as wide and not projecting laterally on the gonostylus articulation (Figs. 14, 15).</p><p>Type material. Holotype, worker, from “Foz do Rio Curicuriari – AM. R. Negro – Brasil – 15,21- VII-80 ”, “SA-19, 66 °49’W, 0°13’S Camargo Mazucato leg”, “marg. esq. do R. Negro”, nest “230c”, deposited in RPSP. Paratypes: 35 workers and 3 males (pinned), plus fixed material, from the same nest of the holotype (230c); 3 workers from French Guiana, Sinnamary, 15 km SE, palm plantation road, 5 May 1982, D. Roubik coll. No. 64; 2 workers from Manaus – AM, Brazil, Boulevard 1239, 31.III.1986, M. V. B. Garcia leg.; 36 workers of the nest 402c and 6 workers (pinned) plus fixed material of the nest 403c, both nests from Manaus – AM, Brazil, M. Garcia leg., dated 20.IV.1986 and 14.III.1986, respectively. All of them deposited in RPSP, except for two workers from the nest 402c in the Smithsonian Institute.</p><p>Additional material examined. PERU. San Martin: Tarapoto, 0629/7622, 350 masl, 24.XII.2002, Rasmussen (3w); BRAZIL. Amazonas: Aruti, rio Negro, SA-19, 66 °2’W, 0°19’S, 22–23.VII.1980, Camargo, Mazucato leg. (4w); Samaúma, rio Daraã, 64°45’W, 00°26’S, 17–20.VII.1999, Camargo, Pedro, Mazucato leg. (2w, 996874, 996876).</p><p>Geographical distribution. French Guiana, western Amazon to Peru (Fig. 26)</p><p>Nest. In small cavities and galleries excavated by termites and coleopterans, in dried wood, in grooves of walls (Moure et al. 1988), and in the internodes of sugar cane, often in aggregations (Rasmussen 2003: 15, Rasmussen pers. inf.); cells arranged in clusters.</p><p>Discussion. See comparative notes in Discussion of L. crispula sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73329102FF87FF96DADE3810FBD7948A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pedro, Silvia R. M.;Camargo, João M. F.	Pedro, Silvia R. M., Camargo, João M. F. (2009): Neotropical Meliponini: the genus Leurotrigona Moure — two new species (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Apinae). Zootaxa 1983: 23-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185346
73329102FF88FF95DADE3910FEDA9182.text	73329102FF88FF95DADE3910FEDA9182.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leurotrigona gracilis	<div><p>Leurotrigona gracilis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 16, 17, 26; Tab. I)</p><p>Diagnosis. Worker (Figs. 16, 17; Tab. I). Head width, 1.00–1.10 mm. Silvery gray scale-like hairs of clypeus and parocular area, slightly broadened, some of them shortly branched, not reaching the frons (Fig. 16); pubescence on posterior region of propodeal spiracle sparse and simple, reaching about halfway or less toward base of coxa III; malar space long, 2x the diameter of fl.3 (Fig. 17); clypeus relatively long, about 1/2 of its maximum width and 1/4 of clypeocellar distance; integument of upper gena smooth, devoid of tessellation; posterior margin of tibia III slightly arched; posterior parapenicillum curved (Fig. 17); keirotrichiate area on inner surface of tibia III uniform.</p><p>Male unknown.</p><p>Holotype, worker (Tab. I).</p><p>Dimensions. Total length, 2.32 mm; forewing length, from apex of costal sclerite to wing tip, 2.22 mm (including tegula, 2.48 mm); maximum head width, 1.06 mm; abdomen width (TIII), 1.00 mm.</p><p>Integument color. Typical of the genus (genus diagnosis, items c, d); scutellum with two brownish-light stripes on posterior margin and two spots on anterior margin; clypeus (except for the blackish contour), supraclypeal area and malar space brownish-dark; scape, mandible, trochanter and tarsomeres of all legs honey-yellowish, translucent.</p><p>Vestiture. Typical of the genus (genus diagnosis, item e). Clypeus and lower parocular area with the appressed silvery gray scale-like hairs slightly broadened, some of them shortly branched, sparse (as in Fig. 16), no longer than half the scape diameter. Hairs longer (0.08 mm), finer and erect on frons; on vertex, between lateral ocelli, denser and longer (0.10 mm). Pubescence on posterior region of the propodeal spiracle reaching halfway or less toward base of coxa III; posterior parapenicillum curved (as in Fig. 17)</p><p>Integument sculpture. Typical of the genus (item b). Upper third of gena, behind the eye, devoid of tessellation. The concave region of anterior vertical surface of TII gently marked with shallow, fine punctuation, more visible to the middle of concavity.</p><p>Form and proportions (measurements in Table I). Head slightly wider than long. Eye 2.17x longer than wide; upper interorbital distance as long as eye length; inner orbits slightly divergent below (as in Fig. 16). Clypeus relatively long, about 0.48x its maximum width and about 1/4 of clypeocellar distance; inner corners separate from orbits by 1.2x malar space length; malar space 2x longer than diameter of fl.3 (as in Fig. 16). Interalveolar distance 1x alveolus diameter, little longer than half of alveolorbital and about 1/5 of alveolocellar distance. Interocellar distance 2.7x median ocellus diameter and ocellorbital distance 1.33x. Supraclypeal area little swollen between alveoli; frons slightly depressed-sulcate. Antennal scape as long as 6x its diameter, and about 2/3 shorter than alveolocellar distance; flagellum + pedicel little longer than 2x scape length. Mandible length 1/2 of clypeocellar distance. Tibia III triangular, 2.6x longer than wide; posterior border gently convex (as in Fig. 17) and postero-distal angle practically right.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, worker, from “Tapurucuara-Mirim, rio Negro, AM, 01-04.VII.1999 Brasil 66°24’W, 00°25’S Camargo, Pedro, Mazucato”, “RPSP 994854”, deposited in RPSP. Paratypes, 11 workers, from Brazil, Amazonas: 3 from the same place of holotype (994816, 995196, 995198); 2 from Aruti, Rio Negro, SA-19, 66 °2’W, 0°19’S, 22–23.VII.1980, Camargo, Mazucato leg.; 1 from Camanaus, Rio Negro, 66°53’17”W, 00°08’51”S, 30.VI.1999, Camargo, Pedro, Mazucato, leg. (994280); 1 from Foz do Rio Marié, Rio Negro, SA-19, 66 °26’W, 0°26’S, 26–27.VII.1980, Camargo, Mazucato leg.; 2 from Plano, Rio Negro, 65°59’W, 00°18’S, 07–09.VII.1999, Camargo, Pedro, Mazucato (995407, 995499); 1 from Ponta Camucari, Rio Negro, 65°59’20”W, 00°20’02”S, Camargo, Pedro, Mazucato leg. (995543); 1 from São Jorge, Rio Curicuriari, 66°50’W, 00°13’S, 26–27.VI.1999, Camargo, Pedro, Mazucato leg. (993521). All deposited in RPSP.</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin, gracilis, slender, delicate, slight.</p><p>Additional material examined. BRAZIL. Amazonas: Tefé, 300 km SE, Poço Pion Petrobrás, 1988, W. E. Kerr leg. (7w, 881706, 881709, 881710, 881717–881719, 881723). Acre: Parque Nacional Serra do Divisor, 07°26’36”S – 73°40’28”W, 10.XI.1996, Morro Queimado, Sítio 1, E. F. Morato leg. (134w, 970615–970618, 970620, 970622, 970624–970631, 970641, 970648–970656, 970658–970679, 970681–970686, 970688, 970691–970697, 970702, 970704, 970707, 970708–970709, 970710–970722, 970724–970730, 970732–970735, 970739–970743, 970745–970747, 970750, 970752–970754, 970756–970758, 970760–970763, 970776–970783, 970806, 970785–970789, 970791–970792, 970794–970795, 970803–970804, 970807–970811, 970813–970815, 970817–970823, 970825–970828, 970830–970831, 970833–970835, 970854, 970860, 970865–970868, 970872, 970874, 970879, 970882, 970888–970889, 970891, 970894, 970897–970902, 970905–970909, 970911–970914, 970916–970927, 971026–971027); ibidem, idem, 07°28’38”S – 73°41’54”W, 12,13. XI.1996, T. da caça Piroca, sítio 3 (1w, 970935); ibidem, idem, 07°26’27”S – 73°39’28”W, 08–09.XI.1996, Trilha do Anil, sítio 6 (2w, 971602, 971603). Rondônia: Costa Marques, S 12°19,290’ W 64°10.844’, 21.XI.1996, Brown, Boina, Vieira leg. (1w, 3644); Cujubim, Linha 14, 09 °20,154’S, 62°33,110’W, 24.III.1997, Brown, Boina, Vieira (1w, RO-6694); Guajará-Mirim, S 10°33,751’ W 64°45,463’, 09.IX.1996, Brown, Boina, Vieira leg. (1w, 743); ibidem, idem, S 10°51,113’ W 64°58,406’, 6.X.1996 (1w, 1554); ibidem, idem, S 10°49,64’ W 64°54,282’, 9.X.1996 (1w, 1794); ibidem, idem, S 10°45,567’ W 64°43,696’, 10.X.1996 (1w, 2075); Mirante da Serra, S 11°10,076’ W 62°53,104’, 25.IX.1996, Brown, Boina, Vieira leg. (1w, 2336); ibidem, idem, 11°04,481’S, 62°43,437’W, 17.IV.1997, Linha 68 (1w, RO-7556); Nova Mamoré, S 10°19,434’ W 64°33,849’, 07.IX.1996, Brown, Boina, Vieira leg. (1w, 1282).</p><p>Geographical distribution. Western Amazon (Fig. 26).</p><p>Nest. Unknown.</p><p>Discussion. Leurotrigona gracilis sp. nov. shares with L. muelleri mainly the size, general shape of the head and tibia III, but it can be easily distinguished by the vestiture of clypeus and parocular area, which is thinner and sparser, less branched, besides the pubescence on sides of propodeum, simple and shorter, finishing far from the base of coxa III.</p><p>Variation. Some specimens are darker than the holotype, with clypeus, malar area, and scutellum entirely blackish.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73329102FF88FF95DADE3910FEDA9182	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pedro, Silvia R. M.;Camargo, João M. F.	Pedro, Silvia R. M., Camargo, João M. F. (2009): Neotropical Meliponini: the genus Leurotrigona Moure — two new species (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Apinae). Zootaxa 1983: 23-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185346
73329102FF8BFF8EDADE3BE8FB33921A.text	73329102FF8BFF8EDADE3BE8FB33921A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leurotrigona muelleri (Friese 1900) Friese 1900	<div><p>Leurotrigona muelleri (Friese, 1900), auctorum</p><p>(Figs. 18–20, 21–25, 26; Tab. I).</p><p>Melipona lilliput Müller, 1874: 103 [nom. nud.]; Müller 1875: 41 –55; Dalla Torre 1896: 580; Schwarz 1932: 244, 245, 246, 427.</p><p>Trigona muelleri Friese, 1900: 386; Ducke 1910a: 53 (partim); 1910b: 109; Cockerell 1911: 286; Marianno 1911: 120; Ihering, 1912: 45; 1930: 709; Kerr 1948: 239; Moure 1950 a: 73; Ihering 2002: 336.</p><p>Melipona muelleri; Ducke 1916: 25, 32, 49, 87–88; 1925: 340, 342, 347, 360.</p><p>Melipona liliput [sic]; Müller 1921: 247, 259, 306, 320; Nogueira-Neto 1966: 381.</p><p>Trigona (Hypotrigona) muelleri; Schwarz 1938: 502; 1940: 10; 1948: 4, 23, 51, 172; Cunha 1973: 28, figures 2–7; 1991: 37, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50.</p><p>Hypotrigona (Leurotrigona) muelleri; Moure 1950 b: 244, 252–253; 1951: 33; Sakagami 1966: 152, 153; Sakagami &amp; Zucchi 1966: 287; 1974: 361, 362, 377–396, 418; Sakagami et al. 1973: 185; 1983: 106.</p><p>Trigona (Trigonulla) [sic] muelleri; Kerr 1960: 386.</p><p>Trigona (Leurotrigona) muelleri; Kerr &amp; Esch 1965: 534; Kerr 1967: 1331; 1969: 132, 134, 141, 154, 166.</p><p>Hypotrigona müllerii [sic]; Akahira &amp; Beig 1967: 165, 180.</p><p>Trigonisca muelleri; Nogueira-Neto 1970: 51, 54; Michener 1990: 98, 103, 131, 132; 2000: 804; 2007: 829.</p><p>Leurotrigona muelleri; Nogueira-Neto 1970: 290; 1992: 18; 1997: 48, 210, 226, 383, 428; Kerr 1972: 99; Kerr &amp; Silveira 1972: 197, 198; Velthuis 1976: 36, 38; Imperatriz-Fonseca 1977: 171; 1978: 155, 160; Naves da Silva 1977: 88; Sakagami 1982: 364, 365, 372, 373, 420; Camargo 1988: 356; Moure et al. 1988: 145, 146, 149, 150, 151; Cruz- Landim &amp; Mota 1990: 587; Bego et al. 1991: 121, 122, 125; Pedro &amp; Camargo 1991: 403, 407, 412; 1999: 201; Campos 1992: 58; Pompolo 1992: 64; 1994: 144; Silveira et al. 1993: 599; 2002: 88; Martins 1994: 235; Pedro 1994: 253; 1996: 250; Castanheira &amp; Contel 1995: 369; Engels et al. 1995: 200; Pompolo &amp; Campos 1995: 181 –184; Silveira &amp; Campos 1995: 377; Faria &amp; Camargo 1996: 227; Wilms et al. 1996: 140; Michener 1990: 33; Viana et al. 1997: 213, 214, 215, 217; Inoue et al. 1999: 217; Cruz-Landim 2000: 83, 84, 85, 87; Matos et al. 2000: 99, 101; Faustino et al. 2002: 113; Rocha et al. 2002: 25; 2003: 316, 319; Silveira et al. 2002: 88; Aguiar &amp; Martins 2003: 213; Rebêlo et al. 2003: 269; Tóth et al. 2003: 366; Nieh 2004: 168; Castro 2005: 40; Cruz-Landim et al. 2006: 166, 169; Hartfelder et al. 2006: 154; Camargo &amp; Pedro 2007: 314 –316.</p><p>Leurotrigona (Leurotrigona) muelleri; Machado 1971: 629, 630.</p><p>Trigona (Trigonisca) muelleri; Wille &amp; Michener 1973: 11, 20, 44, 55, 66; Michener 1974: 154, 206; Wille 1983: 55.</p><p>Hypotrigona muelleri; Velthuis 1976: 49.</p><p>Trigonisca (Leurotrigona) muelleri; Michener &amp; Roubik 1993: 256.</p><p>Leurotrigona mulleri [sic]; Sakagami et al. 1993: 243; Imperatriz-Fonseca et al. 1997: 119; Tóth et al. 2004: 5, 6.</p><p>Leurotrigona mülleri [sic]; Imperatriz-Fonseca &amp; Zucchi 1995: 235, 236; Drumond et al. 1996: 395.</p><p>Plebeia muelleri; Nieh &amp; Roubik 1995: 64.</p><p>Leurotrigona müller [sic]; Costa 2002: 94.</p><p>Diagnosis. Worker (Figs. 18, 20; Tab. I). Head width, 1.00–1.20 mm; silvery gray scale-like hairs of clypeus and parocular area, broadened, branched, extending to frons (Fig. 18); pubescence on posterior region of propodeal spiracle dense and plumose, reaching about 2/3 or more toward base of coxa III; malar space long, 2x the diameter of fl.3 (Fig. 18); clypeus relatively long, about 1/2 of its maximum width and 1/4 of clypeocellar distance; integument of upper gena smooth, devoid of tessellation; posterior margin of tibia III slightly arched; posterior parapenicillum curved (Fig. 20); keirotrichiate area on inner surface of tibia III uniform.</p><p>Male (Figs. 19, 21–25). SVI of male with deeply emarginated area medially, flanked by long setae recurved at apex (Fig. 21); median projection of SVII broadened and deeply emarginated apically (Fig. 22); gonostylus with 3 very long setae apically (Figs. 24, 25)</p><p>Type material. Holotype, worker, from Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil, Virgil leg. Depository museum unknown (cf. Camargo &amp; Pedro 2007).</p><p>Additional material examined. PERU. Madre de Dios: Tambopata Jungle Lodge, S12 49.456, W69 24.163, 225 m.a.s.l., 9-20.X.2001, C. Rasmussen leg. (1w); BRAZIL. Rondônia: Buritis, oeste de Buritis, 10°09’07,0”S, 63°55’41,5”W, 10.IX.1997, Brown, Boina, Vieira (1w, RO-14433, RPSP); Campo Novo, BR- 421/Rio Jaci-Paraná, 11.IX.1997, 10°26’13,0”S, 64°07’36,1”W, 11.IX.1997. Brown, Boina, Vieira leg. (2w, RO-14240, RO-14243, RPSP); ibidem, idem, BR-421, oeste de C.N., 10°27’06,1”S – 63°51’52,8”W, 11.IX.1997 (1w, RO-14343, RPSP); Cujubim, Linha 14, 09 °20,154’S, 62°33,110’W, 24.III.1997, Brown, Boina, Vieira (2w, RO-6691, RPSP); ibidem, idem, Linha 46 a Machadinho, 09°24,606’S, 62° 33,479W, 25.III.1997 (1w, RO-7076, RPSP); Guajará-Mirim, S 10°33,751’ W 64°45,463’, 09.IX.1996, Brown, Boina, Vieira leg. (19w, 726, 727, 729–732, 735, 736, 739, 763, 765, 767–770, 773, 775, 778, 779, RPSP); ibidem, idem, S 10°33,751’ W 64°45,463’, 10.IX.1996 (3w, 567, 666, 671, RPSP); ibidem, idem, S10° 33,338 W 64°45,596’, 11.IX.1996 (1w, 418, RPSP); ibidem, idem, S 10°19,434’ W 64°33,849’, 11.IX.1996 (1w, 1521, RPSP); ibidem, idem, S 10°19,440’ W 64°46,775’, 12.IX.1996, (1w, 338, RPSP); ibidem, idem, S 10°49,464’ W 64°54,282’, 09.X.1996 (1w, 1796, RPSP); Nova Mamoré, S 10°19,434’ W 64°33,849’, 08.IX.1996, Brown, Boina, Vieira (2w, 837, 1029, RPSP); ibidem, idem, S 10°19,440’ W 64°46,775’, 12.IX.1996 (8w, 196, 248, 249, 330, 336, 337, 339, 342, RPSP); ibidem, idem, S 10°23,832’ W 65°00,467’, 13.IX.1996 (1w, 94, RPSP); Ouro Preto, Linha 16, 10 °49’09,9”S – 62°23’45,5”W, 27.IX.1996, Brown, Boina, Vieira (1w, RO-2707, RPSP). Tocantins: Itacajá, 45 km SE, Reserva Krahó – Galheiros, Sc-23, 47 °22’W, 8°29’S, 17–21.I.1993, Camargo, Tavares, Pedro leg. (7w, 930381, 930970, 930976, 930989, 930994, 931231, 931293, RPSP); ibidem, idem (3m, 29w pinned, 17w fixed, nest 496c, RPSP). Paraíba: Mamanguape, Reserva Biológica, Guaribas, 16.V.1999, A. J. C. Aguiar leg., 404 (1w, 0 0 0 430, RPSP). Mato Grosso: Barra do Garças, 21.I.1971, Camargo leg. (6w, RPSP); Serra das Araras, SD-21, 57 °14’W, 15°27’S, 19–27.IX.1987, Gimenes leg. (6w, 870957, 870962, 870963, 870964, 870969, 870970, RPSP); Nova Mutum, Fazenda Buriti, Estrada da Roda D’água, 13°49’S, 56°04’W, 7.XII.1997, H. Mendes leg. (25w, 980082–980084, 980089, 980110, 980118, 980126, 980128, 980135, 980148, 980151, 980155, 980162, 980176–980177, 980180, 980181, 980183–980185, 980187, 980189, 980194–980196, RPSP); Nova Xavantina, 23.VII.1995, E. S. Lima leg. (2w, 952010, 952011, RPSP). Goiás: Aragarças, 13.I.1971, Camargo leg. (6w, RPSP). Mato Grosso do Sul: Três Lagoas, VI.1965, Kerr, Zucchi leg. (16w, RPSP). Minas Gerais: Bonfinópolis de Minas, 17.IV.1999, M. Mazucato leg. (6w, 000657–000662, RPSP); Ituiutaba, 18.III.1999, Muniz, C. F., 8A (1w, 992582, RPSP); Lontra, 44°18’W, 15°6’S, 23.VII.1988, M. Mazucato leg. (1w, 881684, RPSP); Mandaçaia, 42°43W, 16°57’S, 18.VII.1990, M. Mazucato leg. (23w, 900750, 900743–900749, RPSP); ibidem, idem, 22,23. VII.1989 (1w, 890215, RPSP); Passos, 6-10.XI.1961, Claudionor Elias leg. (2w, RPSP); ibidem, idem, 13–18.XI.1961, (4w, RPSP); ibidem, idem, 1–3.XI.1962 (5w, RPSP); Pedra de Maria da Cruz, 44°23’, 15°36’S, 22.VII.1988, M. Mazucato leg. (75w, 882014, 881552, 881545–881551, 881533–881544, 881637–881641, RPSP); Posses, SE-23, 42 °44’W, 17°0’S, 17.VII.1994, Mazucato leg. (2w, 941008, 941009, RPSP); Serra do Cipó, 43°35’W, 19°18’S, 09.XI.1990, Faria, Mazucato leg. (19w, 901176–901194, RPSP); Turmalina, 42°44’W, 17°17’S, 23.VII.1990, M. Mazucato leg. (3w, 900675–900677, RPSP); Vargem Bonita, 23.I.1984, M. Mazucato (7w, 840483, 840484, RPSP); Uberlândia, 07.VI.2004, Kerr leg. (5w, 0 40107, 0 40111, RPSP). São Paulo: Cajuru, Fazenda Santa Carlota, 15.VII.1988, Mateus, S. leg. (6w, 881698, 881701–881705, RPSP); ibidem, idem, 02.VI.1988, N18 (10w, 901058, 901059, 901060, RPSP); ibidem, idem, 28.VII.1988, N41 (6w, 901061, 901061, RPSP); ibidem, idem, 28.VII.1988, N42 (6w, 901063, 901064, RPSP); ibidem, idem, 09.IX.1993 (63m, 937047–937109, RPSP); Luis Antonio, Estação Ecológica Jataí, IX.2005, Camargo &amp; Pedro leg. (4w, RPSP); Pedregulho, 20°09’S, 47°34’W, 06.VI.2003, Camargo, Pedro, Tavares, Carvalho leg. (3w, 030581 – 030583, RPSP); Ribeirão Preto, SF-23, 48-21d, 1.XI.1972, M. Mazucato leg. (1m, RPSP); ibidem, idem, 6.VIII.1974 (2w, RPSP); ibidem idem, 22.III.1977 (1w, RPSP); ibidem, idem, 24.XI.1978 (1w, RPSP); ibidem, idem, 22.XII.1978 (3w, RPSP); ibidem, 25.II.1969, Kerr leg. (1m, RPSP); Teodoro Sampaio, Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo, 22°32’33”S, 52°19’40”W, 14–16.II.1999, Tavares leg. (116w, 990910–990988, RPSP); ibidem, 16.II.1999, F. Zanella leg (8w, 991830–991833, RPSP). Paraná: Londrina, X.1982, Juliani leg. (3w, 2m, RPSP).</p><p>Geographical distribution. Santa Catarina to Paraíba, Brazil, and on west to Madre de Dios, Peru (Fig. 26).</p><p>Nest. Very eclectic concerning nesting substrates: tree hollows – living or dry, bamboos, crevices in walls, etc. The cells are arranged in clusters. Details of nest architecture and behavior were provided by Sakagami and Zucchi (1974). Additional records about biology, flower records, etc. was compiled by Camargo and Pedro (2007: 314–316).</p><p>Discussion. The worker of L. muelleri, as interpreted here, can be distinguished from other Leurotrigona by denser vestiture on the malar area, lower parocular area to the frons, and clypeus, clothed with silvery gray, scale-like branched hairs (Fig. 18), and pilosity longer and more plumose on posterior region of propodeal spiracle reaching about 2/3 or more toward base of coxa III. Features of the male pre-genital sterna and genitalia (Figs. 21–25) are very distinctive. Workers of Leurotrigona muelleri and L. gracilis sp. nov. share many characters (see preceding discussion) and they probably had an origin independent of the group composed of L. pusilla – L. crispula sp. nov. In relation to the karyotypes and chromosomes number, L. muelleri (2n = 16) and L. pusilla (2n = 30) are also very distinct (Pompolo &amp; Campos 1995).</p><p>Variation. It is possible that L. muelleri, as interpreted here, includes more than one species. There is a male, from Brazil, Maranhão, Santa Luzia, 60 km W, VII.1983, Camargo leg., 891305, in RPSP, with the abdomen very crushed and lacking the genitalia, its general appearance is of L. muelleri, however, the visible portion of the SVI has the emarginated area in inverted V-shaped, not in inverted U-shaped as in Fig. 21, and the bifid projection of SVII, has the emargination deeper and wider with parallel sides. Workers from Rondônia, Brazil, have the branched scale-like hairs a little smaller, facial pubescence less dense; males from this region were not examined.</p><p>TABLE I. Measurements (mm) of Leurotrigona: L. crispula sp. nov., Puerto Triunfo, Antioquia, Colombia (holotype – worker, paratype – male), L. pusilla, Manaus, AM (paratype – worker), Curicuriari, AM, Brazil (paratype – male), L. gracilis sp. nov., Tapurucuara-Mirim, AM, Brazil (holotype – worker), L. muelleri, Londrina, PR, Brazil (worker, male). ......to be continued TABLE I. (continued) We are grateful to Rodrigo Silva (Chemistry Department of FFCLRP, USP), for the scanning electron photographs, to Elder Morato and John Christopher Brown for collecting and donating specimens from Acre and Rondônia, respectively, and to José Amílcar Tavares Filho for preparing the specimens. We thank David W. Roubik, Claus Rasmussen and anonymous reviewers for providing corrections and comments.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73329102FF8BFF8EDADE3BE8FB33921A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pedro, Silvia R. M.;Camargo, João M. F.	Pedro, Silvia R. M., Camargo, João M. F. (2009): Neotropical Meliponini: the genus Leurotrigona Moure — two new species (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Apinae). Zootaxa 1983: 23-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185346
