taxonID	type	description	language	source
733A87FA0324FFA0FF2FFD5DFAB31470.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Head with frontal furrows deep and strongly curved at middle. Frons and supraorbital areas strongly convex. Temples convex, smooth. Mandibles rather stout. Pronotum transverse, with hind angles poorly developed. Pronotal base with outer quarters distinctly angulated anteriorly. Pronotal basal transverse depression and laterobasal foveae linear and sharply limited towards the convex disc. Pronotal median line distinct, not or slightly deeper near base. Hind wings reduced to small stubs. Humerus broadly rounded. Each elytron with parascutellar seta, preapical seta and two discal setae on third interval, with anterior discal seta located on stria III at the end of the anterior elytral quarter, and with middle dorsal seta located on stria III somewhat behind elytral middle. Stria VIII deeply impressed behind the level of the fifth umbilicate pore. Recurrent elytral preapical sulcus deeply impressed and directed to the end of the fifth stria. Ventral surface smooth. Legs moderately short with fairly thick femora and rather thin tibia and tarsi; protibiae moderately dilated towards apices and hardly bowed; longitudinal groove on external surface of protibia more strongly reduced, shallow and indistinct or absent. Two basal protarsi of male dilated, dentoid at the inner apical border. Aedeagal median lobe + / - evenly rounded in basal half, seen laterally, with basal bulb of average size but with basal velum relatively large. Median lobe apex not hooked. Internal sac with sclerotized portion separated into two distinct parts, both of which are elongated towards the ostium; the ostium is capped by the bent or lobed tip of the longer internal sac sclerotized part (copulatory piece). Parameres relatively slender, with left paramere distinctly longer than right one, both with four or five setae at tip.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0324FFA0FF2FFD5DFAB31470.taxon	discussion	Remarks: According to apomorphic pronotal character states the T. thibetanus group in the sense of this paper is part of the highly diverse Palaearctic T. quadristriatus species group sensu Jeannel (1927). Based on the current state of knowledge, the monophyly of the T. thibetanus group is difficult to prove because a comprehensive character analysis of the T. quadristriatus species group is still needed. This is, however, beyond the intent of the present paper. In part I am following Casale (1979) who understood the T. thibetanus group in a much wider sense but here I am excluding those species more closely related to T. indicus Putzeys, 1922 (T. indicus group sensu Jeannel 1927) which have different aedeagal characters to those described in the diagnosis above and which have a perfectly developed longitudinal groove on external surface of protibiae. Due to striking similarities in the external shape of aedeagal median lobe and the general structure of sclerotized internal sac portions species of the T. thibetanus group in the sense of this paper seems to be more closely related to the following species of the fauna of the High Himalaya of Western Nepal: T. anae Morvan, 1981, T. boudikae Morvan, 1981, T. gradloni Morvan, 1981, T. gwiomarchi Morvan, 1981, T. jarrigei Morvan, 1972, T. ledouxianus Mateu & Deuve, 1979, T. levillaini Morvan, 1981, T. perpusillus Mateu & Deuve, 1979, T. roparzhemoni Morvan, 1981, T. soma Mateu & Deuve, 1979, T. yengensis Morvan, 1981. However, all the latter species also possess a distinct longitudinal groove on the external surface of protibiae which is more strongly reduced in the species of the T. thibetanus group. Species included: T. boulbeni Deuve, 1997 (China, Gansu), T. cameroni bistriatus Jeannel, 1928 (India, Punjab), T. cameroni cameroni Jeannel, 1923 (India, Punjab), T. dongulaensis sp. n. (South Central Tibet), T. eutrechoides eutrechoides Deuve, 1992 (South Central Tibet), T. eutrechoides mondaensis Deuve, 1997 (South Central Tibet), T. glabratus sp. n. (South Central Tibet), T. namtsoensis sp. n. (South Central Tibet), T. thibetanus Jeannel, 1928 (South Central Tibet), T. thorongiensis Schmidt, 1994 (Tibetan Himalaya, Nepal).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0322FFA0FF2FFE16FEFE10FF.taxon	description	(Figs. 5, 13) Catalogue: Trechus eutrechoides Deuve, 1992: 176. Locus typicus: South Central Tibet, Nyalam County, Nyalam Xian (environment “ friendship highway ” Lhasa – Kathmandu), altitude 4700 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0322FFA0FF2FFE16FEFE10FF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Not studied. Species identification is based on the original description including a drawing of male genitalia characters which allows an unambiguous diagnosis, as well on additional material from places near the type locality. Additional material: CHINA: South Central Tibet: 1 male, 2 females, Lamna La, 15.000 ft., 17. vi. 1924, Maj. R. W. G. Hingston, Everest Exp. Brit. Mus. 1924 - 386, “ thibetanus R. Jeannel det. ”, the female has an additional round and red bordered label “ type ” (BMNH); 1 male, Phuse La, 16.500 ft., 3. vii. 1924, Maj. R. W. G. Hingston, Everest Exp. Brit. Mus. 1924 - 386 (BMNH); 1 female, Pangle, 15.000 ft., 8. v. 1924, Maj. R. W. G. Hingston, Everest Exp. Brit. Mus. 1924 - 386, “ thibetanus R. Jeannel det. ” (BMNH); 1 male, Tasam, Rongshar Valley, 12.000 ft., 20. vi. 1924, Maj. R. W. G. Hingston, Everest Exp. Brit. Mus. 1924 - 386, “ thibetanus R. Jeannel det. ” (BMNH).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0322FFA0FF2FFE16FEFE10FF.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This material is not a part of the type series of T. thibetanus Jeannel, 1928, as suggested by the label data of the specimen from Lamna La. This ‘ type label’ was doubtless subsequently added to the specimen, but not by R. Jeannel. However, all these specimens were mentioned by Jeannel (1928) as additional material of T. thibetanus beside the type series (see also discussion below). Identification: See key above. Relationships: See T. thorongiensis Schmidt, 1994, below.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0322FFA0FF2FFE16FEFE10FF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and geographical variation: Fig. 98. Tibetan Himalaya of Nyalam County, South Central Tibet, north of Central Nepal. An allopatric subspecies mondaensis was described from the Tibetan Himalaya of Lhodrak County, South Tibet, north of Bhutan which slightly differs in the length of the appendages (see below). Habitat: Lower alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 4000 – 5000 m (but see also ssp. mondaensis).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0322FFA0FF2FF9ADFECD12F3.taxon	description	(Fig. 14) Catalogue: Trechus eutrechoides mondaensis Deuve, 1997: 176. Locus typicus: South Central Tibet, Lhodrak County, Monda La [= Manda La] pass, altitude 5200 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0322FFA0FF2FF9ADFECD12F3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Paratypes: 2 males, with label data: “ CHINA-C. Tibet, Monda La, 5200 m, 30 km W of Lhoduk, 22.5.1997, leg. A. Wrzecionko ” (CSCHM). Identification: See key above.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0322FFA0FF2FF9ADFECD12F3.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 98. Tibetan Himalaya of Lhodrak County, South Central Tibet, north of Bhutan. Habitat: Unlike the nominotypical form, ssp. mondaensis was found in the higher alpine zone (altitude 5200 m).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033EFFBCFF2FFC2FFB12135C.taxon	description	(Fig. 12) Catalogue: Trechus thorongiensis Schmidt, 1994: 131. Locus typicus: Central Nepal, Manang Distr., E-slope of Thorung La pass north of Annapurna Massif, altitude 4900 – 5200 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033EFFBCFF2FFC2FFB12135C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ NEPAL-HIMALAYA, Annapurna Mts., 1993, leg. Schmidt ”, “ Thorong Pass, 8. VI., N Manang, E slope, 4900 – 5200 m ”, “ HOLOTYPUS Trechus thorongiensis des. J. Schmidt 1993 ” (SMTD). Paratypes: 126 specimen (males, females), with same label data as holotype (BMNH, CCAS, CBALL, CBQ, CGITZ, CKAB, CLOR, CVT, CSCHM, CWR, NHMB, NME, SMTD, ZSM). Identification: See key above. Relationships: According to derived aedeagal internal sac features T. thorongiensis Schmidt, 1994 is doubtless the sister species of T. eutrechoides (see above).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033EFFBCFF2FFC2FFB12135C.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 98. Tibetan Himalaya of Manang Distr., Central Nepal. Hitherto only found on the eastern slope of the Thorung La pass, Muktinath Himal, north of Annapurna Massif. Habitat: Higher alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 4900 – 5000 m. On ascent to Thorung La pass the species was found along small humid depressions. The type locality is now completely built over by a complex of lodges for trekking tourists called ‘ High Camp’ on the way to Thorung La pass.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033EFFBDFF2FF90AFBA4131E.taxon	description	(Figs. 2, 15, 16, 19, 20) Catalogue: Trechus (s. str.) thibetanus Jeannel, 1928: 284. Locus typicus: South Central Tibet, Dromo County, Duna [= Tuna] S of Bam Tso lake, altitude approximately 4400 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033EFFBDFF2FF90AFBA4131E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Trechus thibetanus Jeannel, 1928: Lectotype male, J. Schmidt designated 2008, with label data “ Tuna: Tibetan plateau. 14.500 ft. 11. vi. 1924. Maj. R. H. Hingston. ”, “ Everest Exp. Brit. Mus. 1924 - 386. ”, “ H. E. Andrewes Coll. B. M. 1945 - 97. ”, “ thibetanus Jeannel R. Jeannel det. ” (BMNH). Paralectotypes 5 males, 3 females, with same label data as holotype (BMNH).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033EFFBDFF2FF90AFBA4131E.taxon	discussion	Remarks: In the original description Jeannel (1928) has expressly designated the type locality and syntype series deposition as follows: “ Types: nombreux exemplaires de Tuna, sur le plateau du Thibet, vers 4600 m. d’alt. (Brit. Mus.). ” In the same paper he added more material of his T. thibetanus from further South Tibetan localities in a chapter “ Chorologie ”. A part of this material is conserved at BMNH and has now been examined. As a result, T. thibetanus sensu Jeannel, 1928, has been found to be polytypic, including at least three distinct species: Material cited by Jeannel (1928) from Lamna La, Phuse La, Pangle, and from Rongshar Valley belongs to T. eutrechoides Deuve (1992) (see above). A single female specimen from Gautsa belongs to a third Trechus species but remains unidentified. Moreover, the true identity of T. thibetanus was hitherto really confused because Jeannel (1928) published a figure of male genitalia characters of a specimen from a locality other than the type locality: The figured aedeagus (Jeannel 1928: p. 285, Fig. 1) is that of T. eutrechoides Deuve (1992). Trechus pseudocameroni Deuve, 1996: Not studied. Identification is based on a male specimen determined and sent to the author by Thierry Deuve (MNHN) in February 2008 (see below), as well as on additional material from localities near the type locality. Remarks on synonymy: The taxa T. thibetanus and T. pseudocameroni were described from two localities in South Tibet relatively close to each other (see distributional map, Fig. 98). In this portion of the Tibetan Himalaya between the Bam Tso and Yam Tso lakes the relief dynamic is not so striking and significant distributional barriers for alpine species seem not to occur. Anyway, on comparison of more comprehensive material from different localities within this area, no significant differences could be found between the populations, even in aedeagal characters, that indicate specific or subspecific differentiation (see Figs. 13, 14, 17, 18). Additional material: CHINA: South Central Tibet: 1 male, Kambala [= Gampa La, Kampa La], 120 km S Lhasa, 4612 m, leg. A. Wrzecionko, with determinational label “ Trechus pseudocameroni m. Th. Deuve det. 2005 ” (MNHN); 1 male, 3 females, Khampa La (Lhoka), 4650 m, 3. VII. 1995, leg. W. Heinz (CSCHM); 7 males, 3 females, Yamtso-ufer bei Nagartse [shore of Yam Tso lake near Nagartse], 4450 m, 28 ° 58 ’ 31,9 N 90 ° 24 ’ 06,0 E, 28. VII. 1998, leg. O. Jäger (CSCHM). Identification: See key above. Relationships: According to synapomorphic character states of the longer copulatory pieces of the aedeagal internal sac within the T. thibetanus group T. thibetanus belongs to a terminal species group comprising T. boulbeni Deuve, 1997 as well both the below newly described species T. dongulaensis sp. n. and T. namtsoensis sp. n.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033EFFBDFF2FF90AFBA4131E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and geographical variation: Fig. 98. Tibetan Himalaya between Sikkim and Yarlung Zhangbo valley. Habitat: Lower alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 4400 – 5000 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033FFFBEFF2FF9CCFBA41381.taxon	description	(Figs. 4, 18, 22)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033FFFBEFF2FF9CCFBA41381.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET (South Central) S Namtso 4730 – 5000 m, lake shore and Langma Vall., 12 – 13. VII. 07 ”, “ 30 ° 14 ’ 19,6 N 90 ° 51 ’ 10,7 E to ca. 30 ° 37 ’ 39 N 90 ° 51 ’ 56 E ” (SMNS). Paratypes: 50 males, 27 females, with same label data as holotype (BMNH, CGITZ, CKAB, CSCHM, CWR, MNHN, SMNS); 3 males, 3 females, S Namtso, Langma Valley, 5100 – 5150 m, 30 ° 37 ’ 39,1 N 90 ° 51 ’ 56,5 E, 13. VII. 07 (CSCHM); 1 male, 1 female, E-Tibet, 75 km E of Nakchu, 5000 m, 4. VII. 1997, leg. A. Wrzecionko, with additional determinational label “ Trechus pseudocameroni Th. Deuve det. 1997 ” (CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033FFFBEFF2FF9CCFBA41381.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.5 – 4.1 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface dark brown, moderately shiny. Antennal joints 1 – 2, palpi, legs, elytral lateral margin and suture light brown. Anterior elytral quarter diffuse bordered lighter brown than posterior parts. Microsculpture: Discs of head and pronotum smooth, with very faintly engraved almost isodiametric meshes (x 100). Surface of elytra with moderately engraved transverse meshes in both sexes (x 50). Head: Average sized, with eyes relatively large and moderately protruding. Temples approximately 1 / 3 times of length of eyes and strongly wrinkled to the neck. Frontal furrows deep, flattened at level of hind suborbital seta. Antennae moderately long, four antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere III distinctly longer than antennomeres II and IV, both the latter are alike in length. Pronotum: Broad and transverse, with sides moderately contracted towards base; proportions WP / LP = 1.38 – 1.48, WP / WPB = 1.32 – 1.42, WP / WH = 1.18 – 1.23, WE / WP = 1.57 – 1.63. Surface strongly convex, sides evenly rounded and slightly concave bent just anterad of posterior setae. Hind angles small but almost rectangular or slightly obtuse. Marginal gutter narrow, scarcely widened toward base. Basal groove smooth. Elytra: Oval, broadest almost at mid-length; proportion: WE / LE = 1.30 – 1.44. Surface convex, not flattened on disc. Shoulders distinct but rounded. Striae impunctate, inner two striae deeply impressed overall, outer striae finer, not deepened before apex, striae VII – VIII usually disappeared. Intervals I – IV slightly convex. The preapical seta is located on the prolonged second stria near to the apex at the beginning of the posterior elytral tenth part. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe more slender, LE / LA = 2.34 – 2.52, evenly curved basally and remarkably elongated towards apex, with terminal lamella slightly curved upwards, seen laterally. Basal bulb average in size with velum large. Apex of longer copulatory piece slightly bent upwards before tip, the latter shortly bent downwards. Parameres slender, each with 5 (seldom the right one with 4) setae at tip (same as in Fig. 17).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033FFFBEFF2FF9CCFBA41381.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the largest lake on central Tibetan Plateau, the Namtso, which extends below the north slope of Nyainqentanglha Shan, on which the new species occurs (adjective). Identification: Within the fauna of central Tibetan Plateau north of Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif this species is easily to recognize by its aedeagal median lobe with remarkably elongated terminal lamella and by the longer copulatory piece extending needle like toward ostium. It is very similar to the allopatric T. dongulaensis sp. n. from the westernmost Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif, both in external and genital morphological characters, but differs by having two basal antennal segments lightened, pronotal hind angles sharper, aedeagal median lobe more evenly curved on basal half, seen laterally, median lobe terminal lamella longer, and by having the apex of the longer copulatory piece not clubbed. It is also very similar to the allopatric T. thibetanus Jeannel, 1928, from the Tibetan Himalaya, but differs in the same genital morphological characters as mentioned for differentiation with T. dongulaensis sp. n., and in addition, it differs by having the longer copulatory piece almost straight toward apex and not bilobate at tip, seen laterally. Relationships: Based on the robust and shortened tip of the longer copulatory piece, T. namtsoensis sp. n. together with T. boulbeni Deuve, 1997, T. dongulaensis sp. n. and T. thibetanus Jeannel, 1928 forms a terminal group of Tibetan species within the T. thibetanus group.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033FFFBEFF2FF9CCFBA41381.taxon	distribution	Distribution and geographical variation: Fig. 98. Eastern parts of the central Tibetan Plateau north of Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif. Habitat: Lower alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 4700 – 5100 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033CFFBFFF2FF8A6FD781092.taxon	description	(Figs. 3, 17, 21, 81)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033CFFBFFF2FF8A6FD781092.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET South Centr., 6. VII. 07, 120 km W Lhasa, 2 km NE Dongu La pass, 4800 – 5000 m, ca. 29 ° 45 ’ 01 N 89 ° 51 ’ 11 E ” (SMNS). Paratypes: 70 males, 26 females, with same label data as holotype (BMNH, CGITZ, CSCHM, CWR, SMNS); 49 males, 63 females, W of Shogu La, 4650 – 4850 m, 29 ° 15 ’ 18 N 90 ° 04 ’ 06 E to 29 ° 48 ’ 15 N 90 ° 02 ’ 21 E, 5. VII. 07 (CKAB, CSCHM, MNHN, NMBE).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033CFFBFFF2FF8A6FD781092.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.4 – 3.8 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface dark brown, moderately shiny. Scapus (seldom pedicellus), palpi, legs, elytral lateral margin and suture light brown. Anterior elytral third diffuse bordered lighter brown than posterior parts. Microsculpture: As described in T. namtsoensis sp. n. Head: Eyes slightly protruding, temples approximately 2 / 5 times of length of eyes, frontal furrows moderately deep, not flattened at level of hind suborbital seta. In all other characters agreeing with T. namtsoensis sp. n. Pronotum: Proportions: WP / LP = 1.32 – 1.39, WP / WPB = 1.18 – 1.24, WP / WH = 1.23 – 1.30, WE / WP = 1.65 – 1.70. Sides evenly rounded and straight just anterad of posterior setae. Hind angles very poorly developed, obtuse or almost rounded. In all other pronotal characters agreeing with T. namtsoensis sp. n. Elytra: Proportion WE / LE = 1.30 – 1.42. In all other elytral characters agreeing with T. namtsoensis sp. n. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe more slender, LE / LA = 2.35 – 2.42, moderately curved basally, somewhat stretched before middle, elongated towards apex, with terminal lamella slightly curved upwards, seen laterally. Basal bulb average in size with velum large. Apex of the longer copulatory piece slightly clubbed. Parameres slender, each with 5 (seldom the right one with 4) setae at tip.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033CFFBFFF2FF8A6FD781092.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the Dongu La pass on whose slopes the new species occurs (adjective). Identification: T. dongulaensis sp. n. is very similar to both the allopatric species of South Tibet T. namtsoensis sp. n. and T. thibetanus Jeannel, 1928, in external and genital morphological characters as well, but can be distinguished by the more poorly developed and more obtuse pronotal hind angles and by the apex of the longer copulatory piece of aedeagal internal sac which is not lobed but somewhat clubbed. In addition, the new species is on average smaller than T. namtsoensis sp. n. and the antennae are darker with pedicellus usually dark brown in distal 4 / 5. The longer copulatory piece of the aedeagal internal sac is straight toward its apex and not bent upwards as in T. thibetanus, seen laterally. The new species is easily to distinguish from the sympatric T. glabratus sp. n. of the same species group by the presence of well developed micromeshes on the elytral surface in both sexes, and by the median lobe with remarkably elongated terminal lamella and large copulatory pieces. Relationships: See discussion in chapter Relationships of T. namtsoensis sp. n., above.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033CFFBFFF2FF8A6FD781092.taxon	distribution	Distribution and geographical variation: Fig. 98. Westernmost parts of Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif. Habitat: Lower alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 4650 – 5000 m. The species was frequently found under stones in yak pastures.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033DFFB8FF2FF9B7FD77102F.taxon	description	(Figs. 6, 23, 82)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033DFFB8FF2FF9B7FD77102F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET South Centr. 6. VII. 07, Doru Tshu Vall. SW Dongu La, 4500 – 4600 m, ca. 29 ° 43 ’ 16 N 89 ° 47 ’ 12 E ” (SMNS). Paratypes: 48 males, 41 females, with same label data as holotype (BMNH, CGITZ, CKAB, CSCHM, CWR, MNHN, NMBE, SMNS). 4 males, 2 females, W of Shogu La, 4650 – 4850 m, 29 ° 15 ’ 18 N 90 ° 04 ’ 06 E to 29 ° 48 ’ 15 N 90 ° 02 ’ 21 E, 5. VII. 07 (CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033DFFB8FF2FF9B7FD77102F.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.3 – 3.7 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface shiny dark brown, antennae, palpi, legs, elytral and pronotal lateral margins, scutellar region and elytral suture light brown. Antennae often darkened from joint III or IV toward apex. Microsculpture: Disc of head smooth, with very faintly engraved meshes (x 120). Discs of pronotum and elytra polished; pronotal sides and elytral apex with micromeshes visible under high magnification (x 150). Head: Average sized, with eyes moderately small and slightly protruding. Temples approximately 2 / 5 times length of eyes, strongly wrinkled to the neck. Anterior part of frontal furrows deep, posterior part flattened towards hind suborbital seta. Antennae moderately short, three antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere III distinctly longer than antennomeres II and IV, both the latter are alike in length. Pronotum: Transverse; with sides moderately contracted towards base; proportions: WP / LP = 1.40 – 1.47, WP / WPB = 1.24 – 1.27, WP / WH = 1.28 – 1.32, WE / WP = 1.53 – 1.57. Surface strongly convex, sides evenly rounded and straight just anterad of posterior setae. Hind angles very poorly developed, obtuse or almost rounded. Marginal gutter narrow throughout. Basal groove smooth. Elytra: Oval, broadest almost at mid-length; proportion: WE / LE = 1.46 – 1.52. Surface convex, not flattened on disc. Shoulders distinct but rounded. Striae faintly punctate, only first stria moderately deeply impressed overall, second stria moderately impressed but absent at base, outer striae only suggested as rows of very faintly engraved punctures in elytral middle or completely absent. Intervals I – II slightly convex. Preapical seta is located on the prolonged and strongly outwardly bent second stria near to apex at the beginning of the posterior elytral twelfth to fifteens part. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe moderately long (LE / LA = 2.72 – 2.79), evenly curved in basal 2 / 3 and straight toward apex, seen laterally. Terminal lamella relatively short, with apex stubby. Basal bulb average in size with velum large. Both the copulatory pieces thin and elongated, needle-like. Parameres moderately slender, each with four setae at tip.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033DFFB8FF2FF9B7FD77102F.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species is named for the reduced elytral microsculpture on the body surface, an important diagnostic feature within the T. thibetanus species group (Latin “ glabrat-us, - a, - um ”: smooth); adjective. Identification: Within the T. thibetanus group this new species is easily to recognize by the reduced elytral microsculpture on the one hand, and by the reduction of both the sclerotized parts of aedeagal internal sac to needle-like sclerites on the other hand. Relationships: Up to now I could not find any synapomorphy with any other taxon of the T. thibetanus species group. Moreover, according to the derived copulatory pieces of aedeagal internal sac this new species seems to be quite isolated within the species group.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033DFFB8FF2FF9B7FD77102F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and geographical variation: Fig. 98. Westernmost parts of Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif. Habitat: Lower alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 4500 – 4900 m. The species was frequently found under stones on yak pastures.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033AFFB9FF2FFAD8FD0616AC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Head with frontal furrows deep, + / - strongly curved at middle. Frons and supraorbital areas moderately convex. Temples convex, smooth. Mandibles normal. Pronotum subcordate, with hind angles well produced. Outer fifth of pronotal base slightly curved anteriorly toward hind angles. Pronotal basal transverse depression diffuse limited towards disc; laterobasal foveae broadly developed. Pronotal median line distinct, deeper near base. Pronotal median line distinct, deeper near base. Hind wings reduced to small stubs. Humerus broadly rounded. Each elytron with parascutellar seta, preapical seta and two discal setae on third interval, with anterior discal seta located on stria III at the end of the anterior elytral quarter, and with middle dorsal seta located on stria III somewhat behind elytral middle. Stria VIII faintly impressed behind the level of the fifth umbilicate pore and deeply impressed from level of the seventh umbilicate pore backwards. Recurrent elytral preapical sulcus deeply impressed and directed to the end of the fifth stria. Ventral surface smooth. Legs moderately short with fairly thick femora and rather thin tibia and tarsi; protibiae moderately dilated towards apices and hardly bowed, each without a longitudinal groove on external surface. Two basal protarsi of male dilated, dentoid at the inner apical border. Basal bulb of aedeagal median lobe not bent downwards, seen laterally, and with basal velum poorly developed. Median lobe apex not hooked, with terminal lamella broad and flat, seen dorsally. Internal sac with sclerotized portion moderately large to large. Parameres relatively stout, with left paramere slightly longer than right one, both with four setae at tip.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033AFFB9FF2FFAD8FD0616AC.taxon	discussion	Remarks: In external characters, species of this group do not show unique differences compared to species from the T. antonini group, the T. chaklaensis group, or the T. solhoeyi group (see below) and compared to many other species from the eastern border of the Plateau. However, the form of the aedeagal median lobe with a straight base in lateral view and a remarkably broad terminal lamella in dorsal view is so striking, that based on these features the T. wrzecionkoi group can be hypothesized as monophyletic. The species T. jadodraconis Deuve, 1995, T. lijiangensis Belousov & Kabak, 2001, and T. weixiensis Belousov & Kabak, 2000 from the eastern border of the plateau, which are forming a natural group as well (Belousov & Kabak, 2001), show a similar conformation of aedeagal characters, however, these species differ more strongly in the following external characters: Habitus more robust and more ovate, base of pronotum emarginate or oblique on sides, elytra deeply striate and distinctly punctured, apical striola short, foretibia grooved on anterior surface. Despite similarities in aedeagal characters, a close relationship between these two species groups is difficult to ascertain. Another natural species group with a similar form of aedeagal median lobe is the sister species pair T. bogdoensis Belousov & Kabak, 2001, and T. inexspectatus Belousov & Kabak, 2001 from the Tian Shan mountain range (Bogda Shan, Bogdo-Ola Shan) of the Chinese province Xinjiang. Both these species differ from the T. wrzecionkoi group primarily by having pubescent temporae, distinctly grooved foretibiae and more slender parameres of the aedeagal median lobe. Based on these data a convergent development of aedeagal median lobe character may be accepted. Species included: T. korae sp. n. (South Central Tibet), T. martinae sp. n. (South Central Tibet), T. wrzecionkoi Deuve, 1996 (South Central Tibet).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033BFFB9FF2FFC5AFBA113B8.taxon	description	(Fig. 24) Catalogue: Trechus wrzecionkoi Deuve, 1996: 70. Locus typicus: South Central Tibet, Medro Gonggar County, Gyama Valley, “ Hepu-Sugala ”, altitude 5200 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033BFFB9FF2FFC5AFBA113B8.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ HOLOTYPE ”, “ Tibet 5200 m Hepu – Suga La ”, “ Trechus wrzecionkoi n. sp. Holotype Th. Deuve det. 1996 ” (MNHN). Additional material: CHINA: South Central Tibet: 1 male, Gyama Valley, ca. 60 km E Lhasa, north west ascent of Chungenpo Shong side valley, 4900 – 5230 m, ca. 29 ° 40 ’ 36 N 91 ° 35 ’ 33 E, 21. VII. 07 (CSCHM). Identification: See key above. Within the original description Deuve (1996) noted that the copulatory piece is completely reduced. However, as shown in Fig. 24, a well sclerotized portion of aedeagal internal sac is developed in the specimen from Chungenpo Shong side valley, and it could also be verified in the holotype specimen, when the aedeagus was cleared in lactic acid. Relationships: At present species relationships within the T. wrzecionkoi group are unknown.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033BFFB9FF2FFC5AFBA113B8.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 99. Transhimalaya east of Lhasa: Higher mountains around Gyama Valley of Medro Gonggar County, South Central Tibet. Habitat: Higher alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 5100 – 5230 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033BFFBAFF2FF96EFB871092.taxon	description	(Figs. 7, 25)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033BFFBAFF2FF96EFB871092.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET South Centr. 22. VII. 07, Medro Gonggar, Rutok Vall., 2 km SW Rutok, 5100 – 5250 m, 29 ° 40 ’ 54 N 92 ° 12 ’ 24 E ” (SMNS). Paratypes: 3 males, 2 females, with same label data as holotype (CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033BFFBAFF2FF96EFB871092.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.4 – 3.7 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface brown, moderately shiny, head in four paratype specimens somewhat darker than pronotum, three basal antennal segments, palpi and legs lighter brown. Microsculpture: Clypeus and vertex with moderately engraved almost isodiametric meshes (x 50); pronotum smooth on disc, with very faintly engraved slightly transverse meshes (x 150), but with markedly engraved meshes in basal depressions (x 50); disc of elytra with slightly engraved slightly transverse meshes (x 80). Head: Average sized, with small, flat eyes; temples as long as eyes, moderately wrinkled to the neck. Anterior part of frontal furrows moderately deep, posterior part flattened towards hind suborbital seta. Antennae moderately long, four antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere III as long as pedicellus, and distinctly longer (approximately 1.2 times) as antennomere IV. Pronotum: Moderately broad, subcordate, with sides strongly contracted towards base; proportions: WP / LP = 1.24 – 1.30, WP / WPB = 1.32 – 1.40, WP / WH = 1.19 – 1.21, WE / WP = 1.67 – 1.69. Surface convex, sides evenly rounded and concave bent just anterad of hind angles, the latter well produced, almost rectangular. Marginal gutter narrow in anterior half, slightly widened towards base. Basal depressions very sparsely pointed or lengthwise wrinkled. Elytra: Oval, broadest in or a little behind mid-length; proportion WE / LE = 1.43 – 1.54. Surface convex, slightly flattened on disc. Shoulders distinct but rounded. Striae faintly and sparsely punctate, inner three striae deeply impressed but + / - disappearing at base and apex, striae IV – V very faintly impressed, striae VI – VII almost completely reduced. Inner intervals I – IV slightly convex. Preapical seta is located at the end of second stria and at the beginning of the posterior elytral sixth. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe stout (LE / LA = 3.33 – 3.38), evenly curved downwards in middle, almost straight toward apex, seen laterally. Terminal lamella very slightly bent upwards at tip. Basal bulb relatively large. Internal sac with sclerotized portion complicatedly folded, resembling a three bladed propeller, seen laterally.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033BFFBAFF2FF96EFB871092.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Formed as a noun (name) in the genitive case. This new species is dedicated to Mrs. Koralie Volkmann, Bonn, Germany, for her kind assistance during my fieldwork on the Tibetan Plateau in 2007. Identification: Within the T. wrzecionkoi group this new species is easily to recognize by the reduced outer elytral striae (VI + VII) on the one hand, and by the short aedeagal median lobe with propeller-like copulatory piece of internal sac on the other hand. For more details see diagnosis of T. martinae sp. n. below. Relationships: At present species relationships within the T. wrzecionkoi group are unknown.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA033BFFBAFF2FF96EFB871092.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 99. Transhimalaya east of Lhasa: Higher mountains on southern ascent of Rutok Valley of Medrogongga County, South Central Tibet. Habitat: Higher alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 5100 – 5250 m. The specimens were found under stones on gently inclined slopes close to the top of a mountain crest.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0338FFBBFF2FF9B7FBA4105C.taxon	description	(Figs. 7, 26, 27, 87)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0338FFBBFF2FF9B7FBA4105C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET (South Central) 21. VII. 07, Gyama vall. ca. 60 km E Lhasa, 4900 – 5230 m, ca. 29 ° 40 ’ 36 N 91 ° 35 ’ 33 E ”, “ north west ascent of Chungenpo Shong side vall. ” (BMNH). Paratypes: 34 males, 17 females, with same label data as holotype (BMNH, CKAB, CSCHM, CWR, MNHN, SMNS).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0338FFBBFF2FF9B7FBA4105C.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.4 – 4.0 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface brown, moderately shiny, head in most specimens somewhat darker than pronotum, two, three or four basal antennal segments, palpi and legs lighter brown. Microsculpture: Disc of head with faintly engraved almost isodiametric meshes, more clearly marked on vertex (x 100); pronotum with very faintly engraved slightly transverse meshes on disc (x 150), but with markedly engraved meshes in basal depressions (x 50). Disc of elytra with moderately engraved slightly transverse meshes (x 80). Head: Average sized, with eyes flat and relatively small; temples 4 / 5 to 5 / 6 of length of eyes, strongly wrinkled to the neck. Frontal furrows moderately deep, flattened at level of hind suborbital seta. Antennae moderately short, three antennomeres extend beyond the base of pronotum. Antennomere III as long as pedicellus or slightly longer; antennomere IV with 5 / 6 – 7 / 8 of length of antennomere III. Pronotum: Moderately broad, subcordate, with sides strongly contracted towards base, and with proportions relatively variable: WP / LP = 1.27 – 1.38, WP / WPB = 1.32 – 1.42, WP / WH = 1.15 – 1.26, WE / WP = 1.61 – 1.68. Surface convex, sides evenly rounded in anterior ¾ to 4 / 5, and concave anterad of hind angles, the latter well produced, slightly obtuse (100 – 110 °). Marginal gutter narrow, slightly widened just anterad of laterobasal depressions. Basal depressions very sparsely pointed or wrinkled lengthwise, seldom smooth. Elytra: More slender oval, broadest at or a little behind mid-length; proportion WE / LE = 1.49 – 1.62. Surface convex, slightly flattened on disc. Shoulders distinct but rounded. Striae sparsely punctate, inner three or four striae deeply impressed but + / - disappearing at base and apex, outer striae shallower, striae VI – VII only slightly impressed but visible. Five or six inner intervals convex. Preapical seta is located at the end of second stria and at the beginning of the posterior elytral seventh. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe stout (LE / LA = 3.07 – 3.20), strongly curved downwards at the beginning of apical third. Terminal lamella slightly bent upwards at tip. Basal bulb moderately large. Internal sac with sclerotized portion large, saccate.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0338FFBBFF2FF9B7FBA4105C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Formed as a noun (name) in the genitive case. This new species is dedicated to Mrs. Martina Wegener, Lübeck, Germany, who kindly supported my fieldwork on the Tibetan Plateau in 2007. Identification: Body size distinctly smaller than T. wrzecionkoi, with seventh elytral striae only slightly impressed, with aedeagal median lobe more strongly bent downwards and with copulatory piece distinctly larger. Eyes slightly larger than T. korae sp. n., disc of head with micromeshes shallower, frontal furrows deeper, antennae shorter, elytra on average more slender, the preapical seta on third interval is situated a little more towards apex, aedeagal median lobe distinctly larger and strongly curved only in distal third, and with internal sac more simply folded. Relationships: At present species relationships within the T. wrzecionkoi group are unknown.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0338FFBBFF2FF9B7FBA4105C.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 99. Transhimalaya east of Lhasa: Higher mountains around Gyama Valley of Medro Gonggar County, South Central Tibet. Habitat: Higher alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 5100 – 5230 m. The specimens were found under stones on gently inclined slopes as well on the top of a mountain crest.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0339FFB4FF2FFA0AFCC0168B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Head with frontal furrows deep, + / - strongly curved at middle. Frons and supraorbital areas moderately convex. Temples smooth (T. pumoensis Deuve, 1997) or indistinctly pubescent, with several very fine and very short hairs. Mandibles normal. Pronotum subcordate, with hind angles well produced. Pronotal base rectilinear or the outer fifth slightly curved anteriorly. Pronotal basal transverse depression diffuse limited towards disc; laterobasal foveae broadly developed. Pronotal median line distinct, deeper near base. Hind wings reduced to small stubs. Humerus broadly rounded. Each elytron with parascutellar seta, preapical seta and two discal setae on third interval, with anterior discal seta located on stria III at the end of the anterior elytral quarter, and with middle dorsal seta located on stria III somewhat behind elytral middle. Stria VIII moderately impressed from level of the fifth umbilicate pore and deeply impressed from level of the seventh umbilicate pore backwards (only T. pumoensis), or almost completely reduced, but sometimes visible at levels of seventh and eighth umbilicate pores (all other species). Recurrent elytral preapical sulcus deeply impressed and directed to the end of the fifth stria. Ventral surface smooth. Legs rather slender with moderately thick femora and relatively thin tibia and tarsi; protibiae distinctly dilated towards apices, hardly bowed, each without a longitudinal groove on external surface. Two basal protarsi of male dilated, dentoid at the inner apical border. Aedeagal median lobe elongated, with left and / or right sides widened behind middle, seen dorsally, with basal bulb moderately or strongly bent downwards, seen laterally, and with basal velum + / - largely developed. Lateral margin of median lobe with undulate curve before apex, and with terminal lamella not hooked. Internal sac with sclerotized portion relatively small and simple, saccate or reticulate. Parameres average to elongated, more slender towards tip, both with four setae; left paramere slightly longer than right one.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0339FFB4FF2FFA0AFCC0168B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Due to remarkable similarities in aedeagal characters (strongly elongated form of median lobe, apically shifted internal sac sclerotized portion) the species of the T. franzianus group resemble T. gitzeni Belousov & Kabak, 2001 from the Tian Shan mountain range of the Chinese province of Xinjiang. However, this character combination is surely the result of a convergent development because many external characters argue against closer relationships between these two these groups: T. gitzeni is much larger in body size, has a quite different form of frontal furrows of head, has iridescent elytra due to serrate and strongly transverse lines of microsculpture, and has the foretibiae strongly grooved on the anterior surface. In addition, the lateral margin of the aedeagal median lobe of T. gitzeni lacks the apical sinuation that is characteristic for all species of the T. franzianus group. Particularly this apical sinuation, but also the strongly elongated middle portion of the aedeagal median lobe as well as its widened distal portion, all these conspicuous characters make the T. franzianus group distinctive within the Trechus faunas of Tibet and the Himalaya. Species included: T. aedeagalis sp. n. (Nepal), T. eremita sp. n. (Nepal), T. franzianus Mateu & Deuve, 1979 (Nepal), T. muguensis sp. n. (Nepal), T. pumoensis Deuve, 1997 (South Central Tibet), T. sculptipennis sp. n. (Nepal), T. tilitshoensis Schmidt, 1994 (Nepal).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0336FFB4FF2FFBA1FBC413B8.taxon	description	(Figs. 28, 39) Catalogue: Trechus pumoensis Deuve, 1997: 142. Locus typicus: South Central Tibet, Lhodrak County, Monda La [= Manda La] pass, altitude 5200 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0336FFB4FF2FFBA1FBC413B8.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Paratypes: 2 males, 2 females, with label data: “ CHINA-C. TIBET, Mondala, 5200 m, 30 km W of Lhodak, 22.5.1997, leg. A. Wrzecionko ” (CGITZ, CSCHM). Identification: See key above. Relationships: Within the T. franzianus group this species is the only one that has eyes slightly reduced (Fig. 28) and stria VIII more deeply impressed from the level of the fifth umbilicate pore. All the other species of this group share the more apomorphic character states by having more strongly reduced eyes (Figs. 29 – 31) and a more strongly reduced eighth elytral stria. Therefore, T. pumoensis is considered to be sister taxon of an evolutionary line comprising T. aedeagalis sp. n., T. eremita sp. n., T. franzianus Mateu & Deuve, 1979, T. muguensis sp. n., T. sculptipennis sp. n., and T. tilitshoensis Schmidt, 1994.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0336FFB4FF2FFBA1FBC413B8.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 98. Tibetan Himalaya of Lhodrak County, South Central Tibet, north of Bhutan. Habitat: Presumably a semi-edaphic species of the higher alpine zone.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0336FFB5FF2FF96EFE7516E2.taxon	description	(Figs. 30, 42) Catalogue: Trechus tilitshoensis Schmidt, 1994: 130. Locus typicus: Central Nepal, Manang Distr., Plateau above Tilitshó Lake at N-slope of Annapurna Massif, altitude approximately 5000 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0336FFB5FF2FF96EFE7516E2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ NEPAL-HIMALAYA, Annapurna-N-Abfall, W-Manang, 6 - 8.10.92 ”, “ Plateau über dem Tilitschok-Lake 5000 m, lg. Schmidt ”, “ HOLOTYPUS Trechus tilitshoensis des. J. Schmidt 1993 ” (SMTD). Paratypes: 8 males, 3 females, with same label data as holotype (CSCHM, SMTD); 10 males, 7 females, Annapurna Mts., Tilitshó Lake W Manang, 4950 – 5200 m, 4. VI. 1993, leg. Schmidt (CSCHM); 2 males, Annapurna Mts., Thorong Pass N Manang, E slope, 4900 – 5200 m, 8. VI. 1993, leg. Schmidt (CSCHM). Additional material: NEPAL: 8 males, 3 females, Annapurna Mts., Manang Distr., E slope Kang La Pass, 5000 m, 3. VI. 1994, leg. J. Schmidt (CSCHM); 3 males, 1 female, Annapurna Mts., Yakkharka N Manang, 4500 m, 28. V. 1996, leg. J. Schmidt (CSCHM); 10 males, 2 females, N Annapurna Mts., Gungdang N-slope, W Thorung Phedi, 4600 – 4900 m, 30. V. 1996, leg. J. Schmidt (CSCHM); 24 males, 12 females, Dhaulagiri, upp. Yakkharka [place above Marpha north of Tukuche Peak], 4500 – 4600 m, 12.7.1998, leg. C. Berndt & J. Schmidt (CSCHM). Identification: See key above. Relationships: This species and the Western Nepalese species T. aedeagalis sp. n., T. eremita sp. n., T. franzianus Mateu & Deuve, 1979, T. muguensis sp. n., and T. sculptipennis sp. n., together forming a group of closely related species which, in external morphology, differ very slightly from each other or, in some cases are almost identical, but which evolved remarkable differences in genital morphology. Currently, based on these characters it seems impossible to determine sister species relationships.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0336FFB5FF2FF96EFE7516E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 98. Tibetan Himalaya of Manang and Mustang Districts, Central Nepal. The species is known from several localities north of Annapurna Massif as well from the Northeast slope of Dhaulagiri Himal. Habitat: Edaphic species of the higher alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 4900 – 5200 m. The specimens were found on humid, gently inclined slopes and along small depressions, often close to snow fields and melting water.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0337FFB6FF2FFB9EFAA116AC.taxon	description	(Figs. 40, 41) Catalogue: Trechus franzianus Mateu & Deuve, 1979: 103. Locus typicus: Western Nepal, Jumla Distr., SW slope of Sisne Himal, “ Mahidoela-Pass ” [pass at Dhauli Lake north of Maharigaon], altitude 5000 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0337FFB6FF2FFB9EFAA116AC.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Trechus franzianus Mateu & Deuve, 1979: Not studied. Species identification is based on the original description including drawing of the very striking specific male genitalia characters which allow unambiguous diagnosis, as well on additional material from the type locality. Trechus surdipennis Mateu & Deuve, 1979: Not studied. Species identification is based on the original description and differential diagnosis which allows unambiguous determination, as well on additional material from the type locality.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0337FFB6FF2FFB9EFAA116AC.taxon	discussion	Remarks on synonymy: The taxa T. franzianus and T. surdipennis were described from the same locality. While the type series of the former included two males and two females, that of the latter included only female specimens (five altogether). In the differential diagnoses of both the species Mateu & Deuve (1979) noted remarkable differences in elytral microsculpture beside aberrances in depth of the frontal furrows of the head, prolongation of the temples, and proportions of the elytra. However, the study of a greater number of additional specimens from the type locality and adjacent mountain slopes suggests an uncommon case where elytral microsculpture in females are dimorphically developed: Approximately 80 % of female specimens have the micromeshes deeply engraved, with surfaces of sculpticells strongly convex, making the elyta appear quite dull (“ forma surdipennis ”). By contrast, the remaining 20 % of females have the elytral microsculpture developed as in males, with the micromeshes moderately engraved and surfaces of sculpticells only slightly convex and therefore, their elytra are moderately shiny (“ forma franzianus ”). In addition, all the other differential characters noted by Mateu & Deuve (1979) could not be confirmed but certain variations of these characters could be recognized. Therefore, the taxon T. surdipennis is herewith proposed to be a junior synonym of T. franzianus. The latter taxon was described in the same work but one page before the former, and it was dedicated to the late Herbert Franz, an important zoologist and biogeographer, who first collected this species. Additional material: NEPAL: Jumla District: 20 males, 12 females, 15 km N Talphi, Dhauli Lake, 4400 m, 28. VI. 1997, leg. A. Weigel (CWG, NME); 1 male, Umg. Hochlager am Dhauli Lake [environment high camp at Dhauli Lake], 3800 – 4400 m, 29 ° 22 ’ 26 N 82 ° 23 ’ 26 E, 17. VI. 1997, leg. J. Weipert (CSCHM); 3 males, 1 female, Maharigaon, Pass am Dhauli Lake, 4230 – 4600 m, 29 ° 22 ’ 26 N 82 ° 23 ’ 26 E, 18. VI. 1997, leg. E. Grill (CSCHM, NME); 2 males, 1 female, Weg ü. Pass am Dhauli Lake [trail across pass at Dhauli Lake], 3980 – 4360 m, 29 ° 23 N 82 ° 23 E, 5. VII. 1999, leg. E. Grill (NME); 1 male, 30 km NE Jumla, Sisne Himal, S- Hang am Dolphu Kang [Southern slope at Dolphu Kang], 4400 m, 25 [29!] ° 28 N 82 ° 24 E, 3. VII. 1999, leg. A. Weigel (CWG); 2 males, S Pass Dolphu Kang, 4600 – 4300 m, 29 ° 24 N 82 ° 24 E, 3. VII. 1999, leg. E. Grill (NME). Identification: See key above. Relationships: See remarks in chapter Relationships of T. tilitshoensis Schmidt, 1994.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0337FFB6FF2FFB9EFAA116AC.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 98. High Himalaya of Western Nepal: South slope of Sisne Himal, which is the western most part of Kanjiroba Massif in Jumla District. The small distributional area extends from the upper Chaudhabise Danda above Maharigaon in a northward direction as far as the south slope of Dolphu Kang pass. Habitat: Edaphic species of the lower alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 4200 – 4600 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0334FFB7FF2FFC5AFAA111A3.taxon	description	(Figs. 43, 44, 85)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0334FFB7FF2FFC5AFAA111A3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ NEPAL oc. 30 km NE Jumla, Hochebene NE Dolphu Kang, 4100 m, 03. VII. 1999, 29 ° 28 ’ N 82 ° 25 E leg. A. Weigel ” (NME). Paratypes: 6 males, 2 females, with same label data as holotype (CSCHM, CWG, NME); 1 female, Nepal, Karnali Province, Mugu District, Sisne Himal, N Dolphu Kang, 3800 – 4100 m, 29 ° 28 ’ 3 N 82 ° 24 ’ 4 E, 2 VII. 1999, leg. M. Hartmann (NME); 3 males, 4 females, Nepal, Mugu District, N Pass Dolphu Kang, 4100 – 4300 m, 29 ° 28 N 82 ° 24 E, 3. VII. 1999, leg. E. Grill (CGR, CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0334FFB7FF2FFC5AFAA111A3.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.2 – 3.7 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface brown or light reddish brown, moderately shiny (males) or somewhat dull on elytra (females), head in some specimens somewhat darker than pronotum, palpi, three basal antennal segments and legs yellowish brown. Microsculpture: Head almost smooth on disc, but with slightly engraved almost isodiametric meshes in frontal furrows and on neck. Pronotum with faintly engraved slightly transverse meshes on disc and deeply engraved meshes throughout basal depressions. Elytra with almost isodiametric meshes which are moderately engraved in males and more deeply engraved in females. Head: Average sized, with eyes flat and small; temples as long as eyes, strongly wrinkled to the neck. Frontal furrows deep between eyes, flattened at level of hind suborbital seta. Antennae moderately short, three antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere III distinctly longer than antennomeres II and IV, both the latter are alike in length. Pronotum: Cordate and transverse, with sides strongly contracted towards base; proportions: WP / LP = 1.25 – 1.31, WP / WPB = 1.38 – 1.46, WP / WH = 1.23 – 1.29, WE / WP = 1.53 – 1.65. Surface convex, sides evenly rounded in anterior 2 / 3, but concave bent towards hind angles; the latter well produced, slightly obtuse to almost rectangular. Base almost rectilinear, sometimes slightly curved anteriorly at outer fifth. Marginal gutter narrow, widened at laterobasal depressions, the latter somewhat rough due to strongly convex discs of sculpticells of micromeshes, often in addition with one or two punctiform impressions. Elytra: Oviform, broadest a little behind mid-length; proportion: WE / LE = 1.46 – 1.50. Surface moderately convex, somewhat flattened on disc. Sides evenly rounded with shoulders indistinct. Striae usually impunctate, but sometimes with the suggestion of fine dots. First stria moderately deep on elytral disc, absent at base and flattened on apex; second and third striae slightly impressed only on disc; fourth and fifth striae only suggested as fine incomplete lines, sixth and seventh striae usually completely reduced. Second interval slightly convex. Preapical seta is located at the end of second stria and at the beginning of the posterior elytral sixth or seventh. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe elongate (LE / LA = 1.86 – 1.87), in lateral view strongly curved behind basal bulb, with ventral side slightly convex in middle with undulate curve before apex. In dorsal view, right side of median lobe somewhat widened at the beginning of distal quarter; tip of terminal lamella produced, truncate. Internal sac with sclerotized portion small, strongly flattened in lateral view.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0334FFB7FF2FFC5AFAA111A3.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the type locality, the Mugu District of Western Nepal (adjective). Identification: Body more complanate than T. pumoensis Deuve, 1997, eyes distinctly smaller, antennae shorter, outer elytral striae more strongly reduced, aedeagal median lobe more elongated. Pronotal hind angles more strongly developed than T. tilitshoensis Schmidt, 1994, the pronotal base not or slightly curved anteriorly towards basal setae, the micromeshes on vertex and frontal furrows more deeply engraved. In external characters almost identical to T. franzianus Mateu & Deuve, 1979, but elytral microsculpture in females not such as deep engraved than in “ forma surdipennis ” (see above). The new species clearly differs from T. franzianus by the remarkably different form of aedeagal median lobe which is smaller, more strongly curved behind basal bulb, not bent upwards behind middle, seen laterally, and not widened behind middle on left side, seen dorsally. For differentiation from the newly described species T. aedeagalis sp. n., T. eremita sp. n., and T. sculptipennis sp. n., see the diagnoses of those species below. Relationships: See remarks in chapter Relationships of T. tilitshoensis Schmidt, 1994.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0334FFB7FF2FFC5AFAA111A3.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 98. West slope of Sisne Himal, Western Nepal Himalaya. Up to now only known from the north slope of Dolphu Kang pass descent to Mugu Karnali River. Habitat: Edaphic species of the lower alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 4100 – 4300 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0335FFB0FF2FFB49FF1A1656.taxon	description	(Figs. 29, 45, 46)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0335FFB0FF2FFB49FF1A1656.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ NEPAL oc. Karnali Prov., 34 km NE Jumla, Bachtal SE Taka, 29 ° 30 ’ 12 ’’ N, 82 ° 24 ’ 20 ’’ E, 3800 m, 01. VII. 1999 leg. A. Weigel ” (NME). Paratypes: 1 male, 2 females, with same label data as holotype (CSCHM, CWG).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0335FFB0FF2FFB49FF1A1656.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.1 – 3.4 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface brown, moderately shiny, head distinctly darker than pronotum, palpi, three or four basal antennal segments and legs yellowish brown. Microsculpture: Head with slightly engraved slightly transverse meshes on disc, and with deeply engraved almost isodiametric meshes in frontal furrows and on neck; pronotum with faintly engraved slightly transverse meshes on disc but with deeply engraved meshes throughout basal depressions. Elytra with moderately engraved slightly transverse meshes in both sexes. Head: As described in T. muguensis sp. n. Pronotum: Proportions: WP / LP = 1.18 – 1.26, WP / WPB = 1.35 – 1.43, WP / WH = 1.23 – 1.24, WE / WP = 1.58 – 1.65. In all other pronotal characters agreeing with T. muguensis sp. n. Elytra: Proportion WE / LE = 1.42 – 1.52. Striae impunctate, two or three inner stria slightly stretched on elytral disc, absent at base and flattened on apex; fourth stria only suggested as a fine incomplete line, outer striae completely reduced. In all other elytral characters completely agreeing with T. muguensis sp. n. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe elongate (LE / LA = 1.63 – 1.65), in lateral view strongly curved behind basal bulb, almost straight in the middle portion, distinctly bent upwards at the beginning of distal quarter, with undulate curve at apex; ventral side slightly widened in middle. In dorsal view, right side of median lobe slightly widened at the beginning of distal quarter; tip of terminal lamella produced, rounded. Internal sac with sclerotized portion relatively small, strongly flattened in lateral view.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0335FFB0FF2FFB49FF1A1656.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific epithet is used as a noun in apposition, and refers to the Latinized Greek word ‘ eremita’, a hermit. Identification: In external characters almost identical to T. franzianus Mateu & Deuve, 1979 and the forgoing described T. muguensis sp. n., but elytral micromeshes in females not so deeply engraved. In addition, T. eremita sp. n. differs from both these species by its aedeagal characters: The median lobe is more elongated than in T. muguensis sp. n., with its basal bulb not so strongly bent downwards, but with its apical portion more distinctly curved upwards. In dorsal view, the median lobe is more slender than that of T. franzianus, and not widened behind middle on its left side. For differentiation with the newly described species T. aedeagalis sp. n. and T. sculptipennis sp. n. see diagnosis of the latter below. Relationships: See remarks in chapter Relationships of T. tilitshoensis Schmidt, 1994.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0335FFB0FF2FFB49FF1A1656.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 98. North slope of Sisne Himal, Western Nepal Himalaya. Up to now only known from the southern side valley of Mugu Karnali River South East of Taka. Habitat: The few specimens of the type series were found under big stones on subalpine meadows beside a brook at an altitude of 3800 m. However, the vertical distribution of the species truly extends to the alpine zone.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0332FF8EFF2FFC74FAA11212.taxon	description	(Figs. 31, 49, 50)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0332FF8EFF2FFC74FAA11212.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ NEPAL, Prov. Karnali 30 ° 00,14 ’ N 81 ° 35,24 ’ E, Chala, Hochtal SW, 4200 – 4400 m NN, 25. VI. 2001 leg. J. Weipert ” (NME). Paratypes: 2 males, 4 females, with same label data as holotype (CSCHM, CWP, NME); 1 male, 2 females, Nepal, Karnali Province, Humla District, 20 km NW Simikot, 3 km W Chala, 4100 – 4300 m, 29 ° 59 ’ 77 N 81 ° 35 ’ 91 E, 24. VI. 2001, leg. A. Weigel (CSCHM, CWG).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0332FF8EFF2FFC74FAA11212.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.7 – 4.0 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface dark brown, moderately shiny, pronotum, elytral sides and first interval in some specimens reddish brown lightened, palpi, two or three basal antennal segments and legs yellowish brown. Microsculpture: Head and pronotum with faintly engraved slightly transverse meshes on discs and more deeply engraved almost isodiametric meshes in frontal furrows of head and throughout basal depressions of pronotum. Elytra with slightly transverse meshes which are moderately engraved in males and deeply engraved in females. Head: As described in T. muguensis sp. n. Pronotum: Moderately broad, subcordate, strongly contracted towards base; proportions: WP / LP = 1.20 – 1.27, WP / WPB = 1.32 – 1.37, WP / WH = 1.20 – 1.24, WE / WP = 1.65 – 1.69. Surface convex, sides evenly rounded in anterior half, straight behind middle and concave bent in posterior third towards hind angles; the latter well produced, slightly obtuse to almost rectangular. Base slightly convex in middle and more distinctly curved anteriorly at outer fifth. Marginal gutter narrow in anterior pronotal half, slightly widened towards base. Laterobasal depressions somewhat rough due to strongly convex discs of sculpticells of micromeshes, but without additional punctiformous impressions. Elytra: Proportion WE / LE = 1.41 – 1.49. Striae impunctate, two or three inner stria slightly streched on elytral disc, absent at base and flattened on apex; fourth stria and sometimes also fifth stria only suggested as fine incomplete lines; outer striae completely reduced. Preapical seta of second stria is located at the beginning of the posterior elytral eighth. All other elytral characters completely agree with T. muguensis sp. n. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe with a length of 1.5 – 1.6 mm, remarkably long (about 40 % of total body length! LE / LA = 1.49 – 1.55), in lateral view strongly curved behind basal bulb, slightly widened in middle, and with undulate curve at apex. In dorsal view median lobe slender, slightly bent behind middle and slightly widened towards apex; tip of terminal lamella truncate or rounded. Internal sac with sclerotized portion relatively long, saccate in lateral view and fishnet-like formed in dorsal view. Both the parameres elongated.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0332FF8EFF2FFC74FAA11212.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific epithet is used as an adjective (variable), in allusion to the exceptional aedeagal size of the new species. Identification: In external characters very similar to T. franzianus Mateu & Deuve, 1979, and the previously described T. eremita sp. n. and T. muguensis sp. n., but pronotal base more strongly convex. Females with meshes of elytral microsculpture not squamously accentuated as in T. franzianus “ forma surdipennis ” and in T. sculptipennis sp. n. In addition, T. aedeagalis sp. n. differs from all other species of the T. franzianus group by the shape of its aedeagus, especially by the exceptional long median lobe and the elongated parameres. Relationships: See remarks in chapter Relationships of T. tilitshoensis Schmidt, 1994.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0332FF8EFF2FFC74FAA11212.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 98. Northeast slope of Saipal Himal, Far Western Nepal Himalaya. Up to now only known from a southern side valley of the river Humla Karnali SW of Chala. Habitat: Edaphic species of the lower alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 4100 – 4400 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030CFF88FF2FF838FBA1144F.taxon	description	(Figs. 47, 48, 86)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030CFF88FF2FF838FBA1144F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ NEPAL Prov. Seti Distr. Bajura, 15 km W Simikot, Dudh Lekh / Dudh Tal, 4650 – 4800 m, 29 ° 56 ’ 09 ’’ N, 81 ° 40 ’ 32 ’’ E, 01.07.2001 leg. A. Kopetz HF, stone debris, glacier lake side ” (NME). Paratypes: 17 males, 8 females, with same label data as holotype (CKOP, CSCHM, NME); 31 males, 10 females, Nepal, Seti Province, Bajura District, 15 km W Simikot, Dudh Lekh / Dudh Tal, 4700 m, snow fields and glacier lake side, 29 ° 56 N 81 ° 40 E, 1. VII. 2001, leg. E. Grill (CGR, CSCHM); 6 males, 15 females, ditto, but: 4650 m, glacier lake side, 29 ° 56 ’ 08 N 81 ° 40 ’ 32 E, 2. VII. 2001, leg. A. Kopetz (CKOP, CSCHM); 25 males, 11 females, ditto, but: 4600 – 4900 m, stone debris, glacier lake, 29 ° 56 N, 81 ° 40 E, 2. VII. 2001, leg. A. Weigel (CSCHM, CWG, NME); 19 males, 9 females, with same label data, but: leg. M. Hartmann (CSCHM, NME); 4 females, ditto, but: 5200 m, stone debris and alpine mats, 29 ° 56 N 81 ° 40 E, 1. VII. 2001, leg. U. Bössneck (CSCHM, NME); 3 males, 3 females, Nepal, Karnali Province, Humla District, 20 km W Simikot, 500 m W Sankha La, 4800 m, snow fields, 29 ° 57 N 81 ° 37 E, 2. VII. 2001, leg. A. Kopetz (CKOP); 7 males, 6 females, with same label data, but: leg. E. Grill (CGR, CSCHM); 4 males, 3 females, 16 km W Simikot, 2 km NW Sankha La, 4250 – 4950 m, snow fields and alpine mats, 29 ° 56 ’ 39 N 81 ° 39 ’ 02 E, 29. VI. 2001, leg. E. Grill (CGR); 19 males, 10 females, 3 km NW Sankha La, 4700 – 4800 m, 29 ° 56 ’ 39 N 81 ° 39 ’ 02 E, 30. VI. 2001, leg. A. Weigel (CSCHM, CWG, NME); 2 males, with same label data, but: leg. E. Grill (CGR); 2 males, 3 females, ditto, but: 4300 – 4800 m, stone debris and alpine mats, 29 ° 57 ’ 18 N 81 ° 39 ’ 30 E, 29 – 30. VI. 2001, leg. A. Kopetz (CKOP, CSCHM); 1 female, 18 km W Simikot, Sankha La – Kuwadi Khola, 4600 – 4000 m, mt. meadows and pastures, 29 ° 54 ’ 40 N, 81 ° 38 ’ 49 E, 3. VII. 2001, leg. A. Weigel (CWG); 5 males, 2 females, 10 km SE Chala, Umg. Lager SE Sankha La [environment camp South East of Sankha La], 4600 – 4900 m, 29 ° 56 ’ 2 N 81 ° 40 ’ 1 E, 2. VII. 2001, leg. J. Weipert (CSCHM, CWP); 1 male, ditto, but: 4400 – 4800 m, 29 ° 56 ’ 4 N 81 ° 40 E, 1. VII. 2001, leg. J. Weipert (CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030CFF88FF2FF838FBA1144F.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.2 – 3.9 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface brown or dark brown, moderately shiny (males) or dull on elytra (females), pronotum, sides and first interval of elytra in most specimens reddish brown lightened, palpi, two or three basal antennal segments and legs yellowish brown. Microsculpture: Head and pronotum with faintly engraved slightly transverse meshes on discs, and with deeply engraved almost isodiametric meshes in frontal furrows of head and throughout basal depression of pronotum. Elytra with almost isodiametric meshes which are moderately engraved in males but deeply engraved and squamously accentuated in females. Head: As described in T. muguensis sp. n. Pronotum: Proportions: WP / LP = 1.25 – 1.34, WP / WPB = 1.29 – 1.38, WP / WH = 1.25 – 1.30, WE / WP = 1.46 – 1.55. In all other pronotal characters agreeing with T. muguensis sp. n. Elytra: Oviform, moderately slender, broadest a little behind mid-length; proportion: WE / LE = 1.49 – 1.61. Surface moderately convex, somewhat flattened on disc. Sides evenly rounded with shoulders indistinct. Striae impunctate, first and second striae moderately deep on elytral disc, disappeared towards base and apex; third stria slightly and fourth stria very faintly impressed only on disc; outer striae usually completely reduced. Second and third interval very slightly convex. Preapical seta is located at the end of second stria and at the beginning of the posterior elytral seventh. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe elongate (LE / LA = 1.71 – 1.74), in lateral view moderately curved behind basal bulb, with ventral side strongly and with dorsal side slightly convex in middle, and with ventral side with an undulate curve at apex. In dorsal view, sides of median lobe strongly widened in distal quarter, and with tip of terminal lamella rounded. Internal sac with sclerotized portion relatively large; the saccate element in its distal half is covered by smaller and less conspicuous, moderately sclerotized folding.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030CFF88FF2FF838FBA1144F.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific epithet is used as an adjective (variable), referring to the conspicuous microsculpture of the female elytra. Identification: In external characters almost identical to the allopatric T. franzianus Mateu & Deuve, 1979, but easily distinguished from the latter by the very different shape of the aedeagus (compare Figs. 40, 41, T. franzianus, and 47, 48, T. sculptipennis). In addition to the exceptional aedeagal characters, the female of the new species differs from the previously described T. aedeagalis sp. n., T. eremita sp. n. and T. muguensis sp. n., by having elytral microsculpture squamously accentuated due to the strongly convex surfaces of sculpticells. Relationships: See remarks in chapter Relationships of T. tilitshoensis Schmidt, 1994.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030CFF88FF2FF838FBA1144F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 98. Environment of Sankha La pass on north eastern slope of Saipal Himal, Far Western Nepal. Habitat: Higher alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 4500 – 5200 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030AFF88FF2FFE7DFDA113AE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Head with frontal furrows deep, flattened and indistinct at level of hind suborbital seta in some species, + / - strongly curved at middle. Frons and supraorbital areas strongly convex. Temples distinctly pubescent. Mandibles normal. Pronotum subcordate, with hind angles well produced. Pronotal base rectilinear or the outer fifth slightly curved anteriorly. Basal transverse depression of pronotum diffuse, limited towards disc; laterobasal foveae broadly developed. Pronotal median line distinct, but not deepened before base. Hind wings reduced to small stubs. Humerus broadly rounded. Each elytron with parascutellar seta, preapical seta and two discal setae on third interval, with anterior discal seta located on stria III at the end of the anterior elytral quarter, and with middle dorsal seta located on stria III somewhat behind elytral middle. Stria VIII slightly (T. dacatraianus, T. damchungensis) or faintly impressed behind the level of the fifth umbilicate pore and deeply impressed at levels of seventh and eighth umbilicate pores. Recurrent elytral preapical sulcus deeply impressed and directed to the end of the fifth stria. Ventral surface smooth. Legs average, with moderately slender (T. hodeberti, T. mieheorum sp. n.) or thick femora and relatively thin tibia and tarsi; protibiae distinctly dilated towards apices, hardly bowed, each without a longitudinal groove on external surface. Two basal protarsi of male dilated, dentoid at the inner apical border. Aedeagal median lobe average to large, with basal bulb spherically enlarged and strongly bent downwards, with basal velum small or completely reduced, and with terminal lamella strongly hooked at tip. Internal sac with sclerotized portion quadripartite, extending almost half of the length of median lobe or even more; folding lobes in dorsal view bilaterally symmetrical, whereas the more basal pair of lobes forms a sheath for the more distal pair. Parameres average to relatively stout, broad at tip, both with four setae; left paramere slightly longer than right one.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030AFF88FF2FFE7DFDA113AE.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Although this group includes species with relatively different external morphology, it is very likely a natural group because all the species share a more complicated structure of the internal sac of the aedeagus which is unique within the Trechus fauna of Tibet and adjacent mountainous regions, and is certainly a synapomorphic feature. However, the taxonomic position of the T. dacatraianus group within the genus is quite difficult to trace without taking into account a much more comprehensive data set of characters. Therefore, a more detailed phylogenetic study which includes the highly diverse Trechus fauna of the Western Chinese mountain ranges is needed. Species included: T. bastropi sp. n. (South Central Tibet), T. dacatraianus Deuve, 1996 (North Eastern Tibet), T. damchungensis Deuve, 1997 (Eastern Tibet), T. hodeberti Deuve, 1997 (South Central Tibet), T. mieheorum sp. n. (South Central Tibet).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030AFF89FF2FF95CFBA11656.taxon	description	(Figs. 34, 52, 53, 57) Catalogue: Trechus damchungensis Deuve, 1997: 141. Locus typicus: South Central Tibet, Damzhung County, Largeh La, 5200 m (= Largen La or Lhachen La Pass N Damzhung).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030AFF89FF2FF95CFBA11656.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ HOLOTYPE ”, “ Tibet 5. VII. 97 Largeh La 5200 m A. Wrzecionko ”, “ Trechus damchungensis n. sp. Holotype Th. Deuve det. 1997 ” (MNHN). Paratypes: 2 males, each with label data “ CHINA-N. TIBET, Tangula Shan Mts., Tangula Pass 5100 – 5300 m, 8. – 11.7.97, leg. A. Wrzecionko ”, “ PARATYPE ”, “ Trechus damchungensis n. sp. Th. Deuve det. 1997 ” (CSCHM). Identification: See key above. Relationships: The complete reduction of the basal velum of the aedeagal median lobe on the one hand and the elongation of the median lobe distal half on the other hand are both doubtless synapomorphies of the species T. dacatraianus and T. damchungensis, and suggest a sister species relationship.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030AFF89FF2FF95CFBA11656.taxon	distribution	Distribution and geographical variation: Fig. 99. This species is hitherto known only from the type series which comprises specimens from two geographically well separated localities: 1) Three males from the Lhachen La pass of the central Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif, approximately 12 km northeast of Damzhung, and 2) altogether 30 specimens from the Tangula pass of Tangula Shan Massif at the Tibet-Quinghai border (Deuve 1997). A careful restudy of three of the type specimens (the holotype from Lhachen La and two of the paratypes from Tangula) let me conclude tentatively that both the populations belong to distinct species or subspecies. Although almost identical in external characters, the shape of the aedeagus differs between the holotype and the two investigated paratypes: The median lobes of the latter are more elongated towards the apex, with ventral side more strongly convex in the middle, and with the upwardly directed hook of the terminal lamella longer (see Figs. 52, 53). However, study of more comprehensive material is required before taxonomic conclusions can be drawn. Habitat: Higher alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 5000 – 5300 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030BFF89FF2FFC74FB9F130B.taxon	description	(Figs. 35, 56) Catalogue: Trechus hodeberti Deuve, 1997: 141. Locus typicus: Tibet, Largeh La, 5200 m (= Largen La or Lhachen La Pass north of Damzhung).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030BFF89FF2FFC74FB9F130B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Not studied. Species identification is based on original description compared to additional material from locus typicus. T. hodeberti is characterized by highly complicated features of male genitalia which are figured in the original description and which allow an unambiguous diagnosis. Additional material: CHINA: South Central Tibet: 2 males, 5 females, S Lhachen La, N Damzhung, 5150 – 5250 m, 30 ° 38 ’ 20.2 N 91 ° 05 ’ 55.6 E, 14. VII. 07 (CSCHM). Identification: See key above. Relationships: See chapter Relationships of T. bastropi sp. n., below.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030BFF89FF2FFC74FB9F130B.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 99. Currently only known from the type locality, the Lhachen La pass of the central Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif, approximately 12 km northeast of Damzhung. Habitat: Higher alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 5100 – 5300 m. The specimens of the additional material were found under big stones on humid, gently inclined slopes.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030BFF8AFF2FF921FB0C126B.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 55, 58)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030BFF8AFF2FF921FB0C126B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET South Centr. 3 – 4. VII. 07, NE of Shogu La pass, 5000 – 5350 m, 29 ° 54 ’ 48 – 29 ° 57 ’ 20 N 90 ° 08 ’ 28 – 90 ° 07 ’ 49 E ” (BMNH). Paratypes: 18 males, 5 females, with same label data as holotype (BMNH, CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030BFF8AFF2FF921FB0C126B.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 4 – 4.5 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface dark brown, moderately shiny, pronotum, elytral margin and first interval reddish brown. Antennae, palpi and legs yellowish brown. Microsculpture: Discs of head and pronotum almost smooth, with very faintly engraved meshes, visible under high magnification only (x 100). In contrast, pronotal basal depression with granulate sculpture due to strongly convex surfaces of sculpticells. Surface of elytra with moderately engraved slightly transverse meshes in both sexes. Head: Average sized, with eyes relatively small and only slightly protruding. Temples approximately 3 / 4 of length of eyes and strongly wrinkled to the neck. Frontal furrows deep, somewhat flattened at level of hind suborbital seta. Antennae moderately short, three antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere III slightly longer than antennomeres II and IV, both the latter are alike in length. Pronotum: Slightly transverse and hardly cordate, with sides strongly contracted towards base; proportions WP / LP = 1.21 – 1.30, WP / WPB = 1.30 – 1.39, WP / WH = 1.16 – 1.27, WE / WP = 1.61 – 1.66. Surface strongly convex, sides evenly rounded in anterior 4 / 5 – 5 / 6 and straight or slightly concave just anterad of posterior setae. Hind angles relatively poorly developed, slightly obtuse (110 – 120 °). Marginal gutter narrow, somewhat widened just anterad of laterobasal depressions. Base rectilinear or slightly convex in middle, but distinctly curved anteriorly at outer fifth. Basal depressions rough due to strongly convex discs of sculpticells of micromeshes, sometimes in addition of faint wrinkles at both sides of middle of base. Elytra: Oval, broadest a little behind mid-length; proportion WE / LE = 1.39 – 1.48. Surface strongly convex, not flattened on disc. Sides rounded with shoulders indistinct. Striae impunctate or very finely and scarcely punctate, inner three striae deeply impressed on disc, but flattened or reduced at apex and base; outer striae shallower, but always distinct. Three or four inner intervals slightly convex. Preapical seta located on second stria and at the beginning of the posterior elytral sixth. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe large (LE / LA = 2.10 – 2.16), strongly curved basally and elongated towards apex. Basal bulb spherically enlarged but with velum narrow. Apex in lateral view with a long upwardly and finally inwardly curved hook. Internal sac extensively sclerotized: In dorsal view with two side symmetrical folds in middle of median lobe, whereas the inner fold forms a tent like structure, and the outer fold encloses the inner fold at its basal portion. In lateral view, an additional and less strongly sclerotized fold proceeds loop-like from the folding structures of median lobe middle towards apex below median lobe ostium.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030BFF8AFF2FF921FB0C126B.taxon	etymology	Etymology: I dedicate this species to my dear colleague Ralf Bastrop, University of Rostock, who kindly taught me how to deal with molecular analysis of carabid beetles. Formed as a noun (name) in the genitive case. Identification: Within the fauna of western Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif this species is easily to recognize by the large aedeagal median lobe, which is elongated in middle part and remarkably hooked at apex, but not double-hooked as in T. damchungensis Deuve, 1997. It is similar to T. hodeberti Deuve, 1997, from central Nyainqentanglha Shan, both in external and genital morphological characters, but has body darker and stouter, eyes slightly larger, frontal furrows of head not shortened behind, antennae and legs slightly shorter, elytral stria deeper, aedeagal median lobe more elongate, with apical hook much larger and internal sac more extensively sclerotized. For differentiation from T. mieheorum sp. n. see key to species and the diagnosis of the latter, below. Relationships: According to the loop-like internal sac fold below median lobe ostium, which seems a synapomorphic character state of the species T. bastropi sp. n. and T. hodeberti Deuve, 1997, a sister species relationship of both these species is very probably.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA030BFF8AFF2FF921FB0C126B.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 99. Endemic species of western Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif. Currently only known from the NE slope of Shogu La pass, 40 km southwest of Yangpachem. Habitat: High alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 5000 – 5300 m. The species was found under big stones on humid slopes close to the bottom of the upper Shogu Tshu river valley.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0309FF84FF2FFF27FEBA141A.taxon	description	(Figs. 54, 88)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0309FF84FF2FFF27FEBA141A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET South Centr. 18. VII. 07, Reting Tsangpo Vall. E Reting, upp. Kiykiy side vall. 4900 – 5200 m, 30 ° 24 ’ 38 N 91 ° 41 ’ 10 E ” (SMNS). Paratypes: 1 male, 2 females, with same label data as holotype (CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0309FF84FF2FFF27FEBA141A.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 4 – 4.5 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface dark reddish brown, moderately shiny, antennae and legs slightly lightened, palpi yellowish brown. Microsculpture: Head almost smooth on clypeus and frons, and with distinctly engraved almost isodiametric meshes in frontal furrows and on neck. Pronotum with very faintly engraved meshes on disc which are visible under high magnification only (x 100), and with granulate sculpture due to strongly convex surfaces of sculpticells in basal depressions. Surface of elytra with slightly engraved slightly transverse meshes in both sexes. Head: Average sized, with eyes small and only slightly protruding. Temples as long as eyes, strongly wrinkled to the neck. Frontal furrows deep between the eyes, but distinctly flattened towards hind suborbital seta. Antennae short, 2.5 antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere III distinctly longer (1 / 5 to 1 / 6) than antennomeres II and IV, both the latter are almost alike in length. Pronotum: Slightly transverse, subcordate, strongly contracted towards base, and with proportions relatively variable: WP / LP = 1.25 – 1.34, WP / WPB = 1.34 – 1.36, WP / WH = 1.19 – 1.30, WE / WP = 1.61 – 1.68. Surface moderately convex, sides evenly rounded in anterior ¾ and concave in posterior quarter. Hind angles relatively largely developed, almost rectangular or slightly obtuse. Marginal gutter narrow, not or only slightly widened just anterad of laterobasal depressions. Base rectilinear in middle, slightly curved anteriorly at outer fifth. Basal depressions rough due to strongly convex discs of sculpticells of micromeshes and due to wrinkles in middle of base. Elytra: Oval, broadest a little behind mid-length; proportion WE / LE = WE / LE = 1.50 – 1.52. Surface convex, not or slightly flattened on disc. Sides rounded with shoulders indistinct. Striae finely and scarcely punctate, inner three striae moderately deep impressed on disc, but flattened or reduced at apex; striae IV and V only faintly impressed, striae VI and VII completely reduced. Three inner intervals slightly convex. Preapical seta is located on second stria and at the beginning of the posterior elytral sixth. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe relatively small (LE / LA = 3.04 – 3.06), in lateral view strongly curved throughout. Basal bulb spherically enlarged but with velum narrow. Tip of terminal lamella with a relatively short upward directed hook. The sclerotized portion of the internal sac forms an outer sheet-like fold in the middle of the median lobe which encloses the base of a long spur-like copulatory piece; the latter proceeds towards the ostium and is more strongly sclerotized at its tip.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0309FF84FF2FFF27FEBA141A.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name is dedicated to Sabine and Georg Miehe, Marburg, for their long-time efforts on forest research and forest conservation in Tibet and especially for their kind support of my own studies on the Plateau. Formed as a noun (plural of name) in the genitive case. Identification: Within the fauna of southern Tibet this species is easily to distinguish by the shape of the aedeagal median lobe and especially by the presence of a long thorny copulatory piece of internal sac at median lobe ostium. In external characters this species is very similar to the above described T. bastropi sp. n., but differs by having the eyes more strongly reduced, frontal furrows of head more distinctly flattened towards hind suborbital setae, basal antennal joints stouter, pronotal sides more strongly concave rounded towards base, hind angles more strongly produced, pronotal base less curved anteriorly towards hind angles and outer elytral striae finer, with striae VI and VII completely reduced. Relationships: According to the more strongly reduced eyes this new species, along with T. bastropi sp. n. and T. hodeberti Deuve, 1997, seems to form a separate evolutionary lineage within the T. dacatraianus group. Due to the presumed sister species relationship of both the latter species as mentioned above, T. mieheorum sp. n. could be the more basal branch of this evolutionary lineage.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0309FF84FF2FFF27FEBA141A.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 99. Currently only known from the source area of the Kiykiy brook on north ascent of Reting Tsangpo Valley, approximately 100 km northeast of Lhasa. Habitat: Higher alpine zone. The species was found under big stones on the top of an old moraine at an altitude of 5200 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0306FF84FF2FFECFFB801172.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Head with frontal furrows deep, strongly curved at middle. Frons and supraorbital areas strongly convex. Temples smooth. Mandibles normal. Pronotum subcordate, with hind angles well produced. Pronotal base rectilinear in middle and with outer fifth slightly curved anteriorly. Pronotal basal transverse depression diffuse limited towards disc; laterobasal foveae broadly developed. Pronotal median line distinct, deeper near base. Hind wings reduced to small stubs. Humerus broadly rounded. Each elytron with parascutellar seta, preapical seta and two discal setae on third interval, with anterior discal seta located on stria III at the end of the anterior elytral quarter, and with middle dorsal seta located on stria III somewhat behind elytral middle. Stria VIII distinctly impressed between fifth and sixth and between seventh and eighth umbilicate pores, and reduced between sixth and seventh pores. Recurrent elytral preapical sulcus deeply impressed and directed to the end of the fifth stria. Ventral surface smooth. Legs short, with moderately thick femora and relatively thin tibia and tarsi; protibiae slightly dilated towards apices, hardly bowed, each without a longitudinal groove on external surface. Two basal protarsi of male dilated, dentoid at the inner apical border. Aedeagal median lobe moderately large, with basal bulb average and strongly bent downwards, with basal velum moderately developed, and with terminal lamella not hooked at tip. Internal sac with sclerotized portion tripartite, extending almost half of length of median lobe; external folding lobes in dorsal view large and bilaterally symmetrical. Parameres average, both with four setae at tip; right paramere almost as long as left one. Species included: Monotypic: Trechus solhoeyi sp. n. (South Central Tibet).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0306FF85FF2FFB17FAC813AA.taxon	description	(Figs. 59, 60, 89)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0306FF85FF2FFB17FAC813AA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET South Centr. 17 – 20. VI. 07, Budha Vall. N of Yangpachem, ca. 30 ° 10 ’ 56 N 90 ° 29 ’ 21 E, 5000 – 5200 m ” (BMNH). Paratypes: 27 males, 24 females, with same label data as holotype (BMNH, CKAB, CSCHM, CWR, MNHN, SMNS); 18 males, 5 females, South Central Tibet, Budha Vall. N of Yangpachem, 4730 – 4900 m, ca. 30 ° 10 ’ 38 N 90 ° 30 ’ 18 E, 20. VI. 2007 (CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0306FF85FF2FFB17FAC813AA.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.6 – 4.2 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface shiny, with elytra dark brown, and with head, pronotum, elytral margin and first interval reddish brown. Antennae, palpi and legs yellowish brown. Distal third of antennal segment III and antennal segments IV – XI on the whole often darkened. Microsculpture: Supraorbital area and disc of pronotum with faintly engraved meshes, visible under high magnification (x 80 – x 100). Frontal furrows of head and pronotal basal depression with deeply engraved almost isodiametric meshes. Elytral disc with slightly engraved slightly transverse meshes in both sexes. Head: Broad, with eyes moderately small and moderately protruding. Temples approximately 1 / 2 of length of eyes and strongly wrinkled to the neck. Frontal furrows deep between eyes and hardly flattened at hind suborbital seta. Antennae short, 2.5 antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere III hardly longer than antennomere II, the latter is often slightly longer than antennomere IV. Pronotum: Transverse, subcordate and strongly contracted towards base; proportions WP / LP = 1.31 – 1.39, WP / WPB = 1.29 – 1.34, WP / WH = 1.21 – 1.26, WE / WP = 1.54 – 1.57. Surface strongly convex, sides evenly rounded in anterior 2 / 3 and concave in posterior 1 / 3. Hind angles large, slightly obtuse (approximately 110 °). Marginal gutter narrow, slightly widened towards laterobasal depressions. Base rectilinear in middle, slightly or moderately curved anteriorly at outer fifth; basal depressions sometimes with faint longitudinal wrinkles. Elytra: Sub-oval, moderately stout, broadest a little behind mid-length; proportion: WE / LE = 1.49 – 1.53. Surface strongly convex, not flattened on disc. Sides slightly rounded in elytral middle and more strongly rounded towards apex, but almost straight at level of fourth umbilicate pore; shoulders rounded but distinct and relatively broad. Striae punctate, first stria deeply impressed throughout, second and third striae deeply impressed on disc and flattened or reduced at base and apex, outer striae distinctly finer, seventh stria hardly visible. Intervals I – IV slightly convex. Preapical seta is located at the end of second stria and at the beginning of the posterior elytral ninth or tenth. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe moderately large (LE / LA = 2.26 – 2.36), strongly curved basally and elongated towards apex. Terminal lamella moderately long, in lateral view slightly curved upwards, its base slightly stepped from level of ventral margin of median lobe. Internal sac extensively sclerotized: In dorsal view with two symmetrical folds extending at both sides of middle of median lobe towards apex; close to their base these folds enclose another but much smaller triangular or trapezoid sheet.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0306FF85FF2FFB17FAC813AA.taxon	etymology	Etymology: I dedicate this species to my friend Torstein Solhøy, University of Bergen, for his endeavour on zoological research on the Tibetan Plateau and to uplift scientific education of students of the Tibetan University and especially for his kind support of my own studies on the Plateau. Formed as a noun (name) in the genitive case. Identification: Within the Trechus fauna of the Tibetan Plateau this new species is easily to recognize by the shape of the aedeagal median lobe and by the unique internal sac features, especially by the presence of one pair of extensively sclerotized, side symmetrical sheets of internal sac folding. In addition with a small single sheet in the middle of median lobe the internal sac folding is therefore produced tripartite. Species of the T. dacatraianus group have indeed also side symmetrical internal sac folding lobes however, these sclerotized lobes are quadripartite produced. Moreover, in these species the external shape of the aedeagal median lobe is quite different. On central Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif, T. solhoeyi sp. n. is sympatrically distributed with three other edaphic Trechus species (T. astrophilus sp. n., T. budhaensis sp. n., T. yak sp. n.), and as well as major differences in male genitalia characters, T. solhoeyi sp. n. can also be easily distinguished from these other species using external characters: The head is broader, with larger eyes and shorter temporae (approximately 1 / 2 of length of eyes, but with at least 2 / 3 of length of eyes in the other species), the pronotal hind angles are more strongly produced, and the elytra are distinctly broader on shoulders due to less constricted elytral sides towards base. Relationships: The presence of one pair of symmetrical sheets the of aedeagal internal sac folding indicates for closer relationships with the T. dacatraianus species group. However, due to the tripartite structure of internal sac folding as well as due to the more apomorphic states of some external characters (smooth temples, strongly deepened pronotal median line before base, more strongly reduced eighth elytral stria) the new species seem to represent a separated evolutionary line.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0306FF85FF2FFB17FAC813AA.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 99. Currently only known from the Budha Valley, which is a relatively small brook valley on the south slope of central Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif north of Yangpachem. Habitat: Lower alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 4800 – 5100 m. The species was frequently found under stones on humid slopes and near to the Budha brook of the Budha valley.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0307FF86FF2FF95FFDFC10E9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Head with frontal furrows deep, + / - strongly curved at middle, often flattened at level of hind suborbital pore. Frons and supraorbital areas strongly convex. Temples almost smooth, with several very fine, very short hairs which are hardly visible. Mandibles normal. Pronotum cordate or subcordate, with hind angles well produced. Pronotal base rectilinear or slightly convex in middle and with outer fifth + / - strongly curved anteriorly. Pronotal basal transverse depression diffuse limited towards disc; laterobasal foveae broadly developed. Pronotal median line distinct, deeper near base. Hind wings reduced to small stubs. Humerus broadly rounded. Each elytron with parascutellar seta, preapical seta and two discal setae on third interval, with anterior discal seta located on stria III at the end of the anterior elytral quarter, and with middle dorsal seta located on stria III somewhat behind elytral middle. Stria VIII slightly or moderately impressed from level of the fifth umbilicate pore backwards and more deeply impressed at levels of seventh and eighth pores. Recurrent elytral preapical sulcus deeply impressed and directed to the end of the fifth stria, but often connected to the prolonged seventh stria due to the more strongly shortened fifth and sixth striae in most species. Ventral surface smooth. Legs short or moderately slender, with thick femora and thin tibia and tarsi; protibiae slightly dilated towards apices, hardly bowed, without a longitudinal groove on external surface. Two basal protarsi of male dilated, dentoid at the inner apical border. Aedeagal median lobe small or moderately small, with basal bulb average and strongly bent downwards, and with basal velum well developed; in dorsal view more slender, in lateral view with terminal lamella moderately long or short, the latter usually slightly curved upwards but not hooked at tip. Internal sac with more strongly sclerotized portion limited to an elongated and often bipartite structure below median lobe ostium: 1) in lateral view with a needle-like or a thorn-like folding structure which is partly surrounded by 2) a less sclerotized sheet or saclike fold; the sclerotisation of the latter or both these folding structures are, however, strongly or completely reduced in some species. Parameres average or stout, with left paramere slightly longer than right one, both with four (seldom on one side three) setae at tip.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0307FF86FF2FF95FFDFC10E9.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Beside a single species from Qamdo, Eastern Tibet, this group includes the majority of Trechus species from the Transhimalaya and the southern slope of the Nyainqentanglha Shan. Based on the character set mentioned above, t he T. antonini group differs markedly from all species groups hitherto known from the High Himalaya or Tibetan Himalaya. However, the differential characters are not so strong compared to several species from the eastern parts of the Tibetan plateau because they are based mainly on + / - extensive reductions of aedeagal internal sac sclerotized portions. Although these internal sac structures as well the general shape of the aedeagal median lobe are very similar between species of the T. antonini group, parallel development of these features is not unlikely, and monophyly of that group, at present, is quite difficult to prove. Species included: T. anjuensis Deuve, 1997 (South Eastern Tibet), T. antonini Deuve, 1997 (South Central Tibet), T. astrophilus sp. n. (South Central Tibet), T. budhaensis sp. n. (South Central Tibet), T. claudiae Deuve, 1996 (East Tibet), T. folwarcznyi Deuve, 1997 (South Central Tibet), T. lama sp. n. (South Central Tibet), T. pseudocholaensis kaqiensis Deuve, 1997 (East Tibet), T. pseudocholaensis pseudocholaensis Deuve, 1997 (East Tibet), T. rarus sp. n. (South Central Tibet), T. religiosus sp. n. (South Central Tibet), T. singularis sp. n. (South Central Tibet), T. tsampa sp. n. (South Central Tibet), T. tseringi sp. n. (South Central Tibet), T. yak sp. n. (South Central Tibet), T. yak shogulaensis ssp. n. (South Central Tibet), T. yeti sp. n. (South Central Tibet).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0304FF87FF2FF99EFCC013DF.taxon	description	(Fig. 62)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0304FF87FF2FF99EFCC013DF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET South Centr. 17 – 20. VI. 07, Budha Vall. N of Yangpachem, ca. 30 ° 10 ’ 56 N 90 ° 29 ’ 21 E, 5000 – 5200 m ” (CSCHM). Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female, South Central Tibet, Budha Vall. N of Yangpachem, 5300 – 5600 m, ca. 30 ° 11 ’ 07 N 90 ° 28 ’ 42 E, 19. VI. 2007 (CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0304FF87FF2FF99EFCC013DF.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.9 – 4.3 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface brown, moderately shiny, with head somewhat darker than pronotum and elytra. Antennae, palpi and legs yellowish brown; distal portion of antennal segments II – IV as well as antennal segments V – XI on the whole darkened. Microsculpture: Faintly engraved almost isodiametric meshes on supraorbital area and on pronotum, visible under high magnification only (x 100), and more deeply engraved meshes on neck, in frontal furrows of head and in pronotal basal depression. Elytral disc with slightly engraved slightly transverse meshes in both sexes (x 60 – x 80). Head: More slender, with eyes small and slightly protruding. Temples approximately 3 / 4 of length of eyes and moderately wrinkled to the neck. Frontal furrows distinctly flattened at level of hind suborbital seta. Antennae more slender, 3.5 antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere III distinctly longer than antennomere II and IV, both the latter are alike in length. Pronotum: Small and cordate, slightly transverse, with sides strongly contracted towards base; proportions WP / LP = 1.26 – 1.28, WP / WPB = 1.36 – 1.40, WP / WH = 1.13 – 1.16, WE / WP = 1.82 – 1.97. Surface strongly convex. Sides concave in posterior third. Hind angles large and slightly obtuse. Marginal gutter narrow, slightly widened towards laterobasal depressions. Base rectilinear in middle and strongly curved anteriorly at outer fifth; basal depressions smooth. Elytra: Oval, broadest a little behind mid-length; proportion WE / LE = 1.47 – 1.52. Surface strongly convex, not flattened on disc. Sides with shoulders evenly rounded. Striae finely punctate, first and second stria deeply impressed throughout, third striae only reduced at base, fourth stria shallower, fifth and sixth striae very slightly impressed, and seventh stria hardly visible. Stria VIII slightly impressed from level of the fifth umbilicate pore backwards and more deeply impressed at levels of seventh and eighth pores. Recurrent elytral preapical sulcus connected with the end of the fifth or seventh stria. Intervals I – IV strongly convex. Preapical seta is located at the end of second stria and at the beginning of the posterior elytral tenth. Legs: Moderately slender. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe slender and moderately small (LE / LA = 2.85 – 3.06), strongly curved basally and elongated towards apex. Basal bulb average. Terminal lamella relatively long, in lateral view strongly curved upwards towards tip. Internal sac poorly sclerotized: In lateral view with a thin but distinct longitudinal sheet somewhat below the ostium. Parameres slender.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0304FF87FF2FF99EFCC013DF.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name is derived from the type locality, the Budha Valley (adjective). Identification: In external characters this new species is similar to T. hodeberti Deuve, 1997, and T. mieheorum sp. n. of the T. dacatraianus group, but it is simply to identify by the widely different shape of the aedeagal median lobe, especially by the negligible internal sac sclerotisation. It differs from other species of the T. antonini group, with exception of T. yeti sp. n., by the more evenly rounded elytra, by the more slender legs and by the longer and more strongly curved terminal lamella of aedeagal median lobe. For differentiation from T. yeti sp. n. see the text for that species, below. Relationships: Due to the more strongly curved terminal lamella of aedeagal median lobe this new species together with T. claudiae Deuve, 1996 from East Tibet, and T. antonini Deuve, 1997 as well as T. yeti sp. n. from Nyainqentanglha Shan, seem to form a natural group within the T. antonini species group. Due to synapomorphies in both external and male genitalia morphology, such as the more slender head, the more evenly rounded elytra, and the peculiar form of the terminal lamella of the aedeagal median lobe, the newly described species T. budhaensis sp. n. and T. yeti sp. n. (see below) are doubtless sister species.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0304FF87FF2FF99EFCC013DF.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 100. Currently only known from the Budha Valley on south slope of central Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif north of Yangpachem. Habitat: Higher alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 5000 – 5400 m. The three individuals of the type series were found under big stones on humid, gently inclined slopes, together with the much more frequent species T. astrophilus sp. n. and T. yak sp. n.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0305FF80FF2FF88DFDAD10E9.taxon	description	(Figs. 33, 61, 90)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0305FF80FF2FF88DFDAD10E9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET South Centr. 3 – 4. VII. 07, NE of Shogu La pass 5000 – 5350 m 29 ° 54 ’ 48 – 29 ° 57 ’ 20 N 90 ° 08 ’ 28 – 90 ° 07 ’ 49 E ” (SMNS). Paratypes: 4 males, with same label data as holotype (CSCHM); three of these specimens where used for further studies in molecular genetics and bear the additional label “ HS 411 ”, “ HS 412 ” and “ HS 413 ”, respectively. These last mentioned three specimens each lack three legs.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0305FF80FF2FF88DFDAD10E9.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.9 mm. Colour: Head and elytra shiny dark brown, pronotum reddish brown. Antennae, palpi and legs yellowish brown; distal portion of antennal segment III as well as antennal segments IV – XI on the whole darkened. Microsculpture: As described in T. bhudaensis sp. n. Head: Frontal furrows hardly flattened at level of hind suborbital seta. In all other characters agreeing with T. budhaensis sp. n. Pronotum: Average sized, cordate, slightly transverse, strongly contracted towards base; proportions WP / LP = 1.25 – 1.27, WP / WPB = 1.35 – 1.40, WP / WH = 1.18 – 1.19, WE / WP = 1.70 – 1.74. Surface strongly convex. Sides concave in posterior quarter. Hind angles relatively small, slightly obtuse. Marginal gutter narrow, not widened towards laterobasal depressions. Base very weakly convex in middle and more distinctly curved anteriorly at outer fifth; basal depressions smooth. Elytra: Slightly more slender, with proportion WE / LE = 1.54 – 1.56. In all other characters agreeing with T. budhaensis sp. n. Legs: Moderately slender. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe slender, average in length (LE / LA = 2.38 – 2.45), strongly curved basally and more elongated towards apex, in lateral view distinctly widened dorsally before apex. Basal bulb small. Terminal lamella relatively long, in lateral view evenly curved upwards. Internal sac very poorly sclerotized: In lateral view a very fine and hardly visible longitudinal sheet somewhat below the ostium. Parameres slender.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0305FF80FF2FF88DFDAD10E9.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name refers to a famous but practically unexplored creature of the Himalayan- Tibetan fauna, the Yeti; noun in apposition. Identification: Both in external and male genitalia characters very similar to the above described T. budhaensis sp. n., but differs at follows: Head and elytra darker, pronotum proportionally larger, aedeagal median lobe larger, with basal bulb proportionally smaller, with dorsal surface distinctly widened in middle of median lobe, and with internal sac sclerotisation almost completely reduced. It differs from other species of the T. antonini group primarily by the more slender legs and by the longer and more strongly curved terminal lamella of the aedeagal median lobe. Relationships: Sister species of T. budhaensis sp. n., see chapter Relationships of the latter, above.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0305FF80FF2FF88DFDAD10E9.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 100. Uppermost Shogu Tshu Valley of western Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif, east of Jomo Gangtse Peak. Habitat: Higher alpine zone. The individuals of the type series were found under big stones along the rocky bank of a glacier lake at 5170 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0302FF81FF2FF99EFCEA1708.taxon	description	(Figs. 32, 77) Catalogue: Trechus antonini Deuve, 1997: 149. Locus typicus: South Central Tibet, Damzhung County, Largeh La, 5200 m (= Largen La or Lhachen La Pass N Damzhung place).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0302FF81FF2FF99EFCEA1708.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Not studied. Species identification is based on original description compared to additional material from the locus typicus. T. antonini is characterized by apomorphic aedeagal character states which allow an unambiguous diagnosis. Additional material: CHINA: South Central Tibet: 16 males, 8 females, S Lhachen La, N Damzhung, 5150 – 5250 m, 30 ° 38 ’ 20.2 N 91 ° 05 ’ 55.6 E, 14. VII. 07 (CSCHM); 5 males, S Namtso, Langma Valley, 5100 – 5150 m, 30 ° 37 ’ 39,1 N 90 ° 51 ’ 56.5 E, 13. VII. 07 (CSCHM). Identification: See key above. Relationships: See chapter Relationships of T. budhaensis sp. n., above.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0302FF81FF2FF99EFCEA1708.taxon	distribution	Distribution and geographical variation: Fig. 100. This species occurs on the central Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif, and up to now it is known from two localities: the type locality at Lhachen La pass approximately 12 km northeast of Damzhung, and the upper Langma valley on northern slope of the same mountain range just 20 km west of the type locality. No morphological variation could be found between individuals of these two populations. Probably more populations of the species exist at suitable localities in this relatively small section of the Nyainqentanglha Shan mountain range. Habitat: Higher alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 5100 – 5250 m. The specimens of the additional material were found under stones on humid, gently inclined slopes as well on the top of an older moraine, partly together with T. hodeberti Deuve, 1997.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0303FF82FF2FFD3EFBD71794.taxon	description	(Figs. 70, 73, 94)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0303FF82FF2FFD3EFBD71794.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET (South Central) 11. VII. 07, SW slope Nyanchentangla 5100 – 5500 m, 30 ° 18 ’ 24,0 N 90 ° 35 ’ 48,0 E ” (BMNH). Paratypes: 29 males, 9 females, with same label data as holotype (BMNH, CKAB, CSCHM, CWR, MNHN, SMNS); 2 males, South Central Tibet, Bhilam Tshu Vall. SW of Peak Nyanchentangla, 4800 – 4900 m, ca. 30 ° 17 ’ 50 N 90 ° 36 ’ 05 E, 11. VII. 2007 (CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0303FF82FF2FFD3EFBD71794.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.0 – 3.6 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface shiny yellowish brown, with head and elytra in some specimens slightly darker than pronotum. Antennae, palpi and legs yellowish brown; distal half of antennal segments III as well as antennal segments IV – XI on the whole darkened. Microsculpture: Supraorbital area, disc of pronotum and disc of elytra with very faintly engraved slightly transverse meshes, visible under high magnification only (x 80 – x 100). More deeply engraved almost isodiametric meshes in frontal furrows of head and in pronotal basal depression. Head: Rather stout, with eyes small and slightly protruding. Temples approximately 3 / 4 of length of eyes and strongly wrinkled to the neck. Frontal furrows not flattened at level of hind suborbital seta. Antennae stout, 2.5 – 3 antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere III as long as antennomere II but slightly longer than antennomere IV. Pronotum: Average sized, transverse, sub-cordate, strongly contracted towards base; proportions WP / LP = 1.25 – 1.33, WP / WPB = 1.36 – 1.45, WP / WH = 1.15 – 1.22, WE / WP = 1.56 – 1.60. Surface strongly convex. Sides concave anterad of hind angles; the latter relatively large, rectangular or slightly obtuse. Marginal gutter narrow, not or slightly widened anterad of laterobasal depressions. Base rectilinear in middle, slightly curved anteriorly at outer fifth; basal depressions in most specimens with distinct longitudinal wrinkles both sides of pronotal middle. Elytra: Oval, broadest at mid-length, with proportion WE / LE = 1.44 – 1.52. Surface strongly convex, not flattened on disc. Shoulders distinct but rounded. Striae punctate, three or four inner stria deeply impressed but usually flattened at base and extreme apex, outer striae shallower but always present. Stria VIII moderately impressed from level of the fifth umbilicate pore backwards and more deeply impressed at levels of seventh and eighth pores. Recurrent elytral preapical sulcus in most specimens connected with the end of the seventh stria. Intervals I – V strongly convex. Preapical seta is located at the end of second stria and at the beginning of the posterior elytral eighth or ninth. Legs: Moderately short. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe short, with its length of approximately one quarter of elytral length (LE / LA = 3.9 – 4.0), in dorsal view relatively thin, in lateral view evenly curved towards apex. Basal bulb average. Terminal lamella short and simple. Internal sac very poorly sclerotized: In lateral view a short and very fine longitudinal sheet somewhat below the ostium. Parameres stout.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0303FF82FF2FFD3EFBD71794.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name is derived from the Latin word “ religiosus, - a, - um ”, meaning religious or devotional, and refers to the holy mountain Nyainqentanglha (Tibetan language: “ Father of mountains ”) on which the species occurs; adjective. Identification: In external characters very similar to T. antonini Deuve, 1997, but with shoulders broader, with elytral striae more deeply punctate, and with pronotal base not such as strongly bent anteriorly towards hind angles. In aedeagal characters the new species is easily distinguished by the short terminal lamella of the median lobe and by the negligible sclerotisation of the internal sac. Relationships: Unknown.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0303FF82FF2FFD3EFBD71794.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 100. Currently only known from the Bhilam Valley south west of Peak Nyainqentanglha. Habitat: Higher alpine zone. Most specimens were found under stones at the top of an older moraine and along slopes of this moraine in western exposition at an altitude of 5100 – 5500 m. Two specimens where also found close to the water in a snow water gorge at an altitude of only 4900 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0300FF83FF2FFCB2FA4F16E2.taxon	description	(Figs. 8, 69, 76)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0300FF83FF2FFCB2FA4F16E2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET South Centr. 17 – 20. VI. 07, Budha Vall. N of Yangpachem, ca. 30 ° 10 ’ 56 N 90 ° 29 ’ 21 E, 5000 – 5200 m ” (BMNH). Paratypes: 27 males, 8 females, with the same label data as holotype (BMNH, CKAB, CSCHM, CWR, MNHN, SMNS); 19 males, 6 females, South Central Tibet, Budha Vall. N of Yangpachem, 5300 – 5600 m, ca. 30 ° 11 ’ 07 N 90 ° 28 ’ 42 E, 19. VI. 2007 (CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0300FF83FF2FFCB2FA4F16E2.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.4 – 3.9 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface shiny yellowish or light reddish brown, with head and distal 2 / 3 of elytra in most specimens shadowed. Antennae, palpi and legs yellowish brown; distal half of antennal segment III as well as antennal segments IV – XI on the whole darkened. Microsculpture: Supraorbital area and disc of pronotum almost polished, with very faintly engraved meshes, only visible under high magnification (x 100). More deeply engraved almost isodiametric meshes in frontal furrows of head and in pronotal basal depression. Slightly engraved slightly transverse meshes on disc of elytra (x 60 – x 80). Head: Rather stout, with eyes small and slightly protruding. Temples approximately 3 / 4 of length of eyes and strongly wrinkled to the neck. Frontal furrows not or slightly flattened at level of hind suborbital seta. Antennae stout, 2.5 – 3 antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere III slightly longer than antennomere II, the latter slightly longer than antennomere IV. Pronotum: Average sized, cordate, moderately transverse and strongly contracted towards base; proportions WP / LP = 1.22 – 1.26, WP / WPB = 1.28 – 1.32, WP / WH = 1.22 – 1.25, WE / WP = 1.60 – 1.64. Surface strongly convex. Sides concave anterad of hind angles; the latter moderately large, distinctly bent outwards, pointed. Marginal gutter narrow, not or slightly widened anterad of laterobasal depressions. Base rectilinear or slightly convex in middle, more strongly curved anteriorly at outer fifth; basal depressions usually smooth, in some specimens with fine wrinkles both sides of the middle of the pronotum. Elytra: More slender oval, broadest at mid-length, with proportion WE / LE = 1.57 – 1.61. Surface strongly convex, not flattened on disc. Shoulders distinct but rounded. Striae punctate, first stria fully deep impressed, second, third, and mostly also fourth stria deeply impressed on disc but flattened at base and extreme apex, outer striae shallower but always present. Stria VIII slightly impressed from level of the fifth umbilicate pore backwards and more deeply impressed at levels of seventh and eighth pores. Recurrent elytral preapical sulcus connected with the end of the fifth or seventh stria. Intervals I – IV (- V) strongly convex. Preapical seta is located at the end of second stria and at the beginning of the last tenth of the elytra. Legs: Moderately short. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe moderately short (LE / LA = 3.2 – 3.4), evenly curved towards apex. Basal bulb average. Terminal lamella short and slightly curved upwards. Sclerotized portion of internal sac consist of a prominent copulatory piece, which is more tube-like and evenly curved in lateral view, and more thorn-like in dorsal view. Parameres average.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0300FF83FF2FFCB2FA4F16E2.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name refers to the Yak (Bos grunniens), the most important domestic animal of the Tibetans, which is frequently grazing in the whole distributional area of the new Trechus species. Noun in apposition. Identification: In external characters very similar to T. antonini Deuve, 1997, but with shoulders broader, with outer elytral striae more deeply impressed, and with pronotal hind angles sharper and more distinctly protruding. Also very similar to T. religiosus sp. n., but body on average larger, and the pronotal base more strongly bent anteriorly towards hind angles. Moreover, T. yak sp. n. is easily distinguished from both the latter species by the prominent copulatory piece of the aedeagal internal sac. Relationships: Unknown.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0300FF83FF2FFCB2FA4F16E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution and geographical variation: Fig. 100. This species was found along the upper Budha Valley of the south slope of the central Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif, north of Yangpachem. More populations where found approximately 40 km south west of Yangpachem along the uppermost Shogu Tshu Valley of western Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif. These populations differ in the pronotal shape and in the form of the male copulatory piece. Based on these morphological differences a distinct subspecies for the populations of the Shogu Tshu Valley is described below. Habitat: Higher alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 5000 – 5400 m. The nominotypical form was frequently found under big stones on humid, gently inclined slopes in southern and western exposition.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0301FF9CFF2FFB87FAA814FC.taxon	description	(Figs. 9, 75)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0301FF9CFF2FFB87FAA814FC.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET South Centr. 3 – 4. VII. 07, NE of Shogu La pass 5000 – 5350 m 29 ° 54 ’ 48 – 29 ° 57 ’ 20 N 90 ° 08 ’ 28 – 90 ° 07 ’ 49 E ” (BMNH). Paratypes: 54 males, 17 females, with same label data as holotype (BMNH, CKAB, CSCHM, CWR, MNHN, SMNS).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0301FF9CFF2FFB87FAA814FC.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.4 – 4.0 mm. Colour, microsculpture and head structure: As described in the nominotypical form. Pronotum: On an average more transverse and more strongly contracted towards base; proportions: WP / LP = 1.25 – 1.34, WP / WPB = 1.31 – 1.35, WP / WH = 1.19 – 1.25, WE / WP = 1.55 – 1.66. Sides evenly rounded in anterior 3 / 4 and slightly concave just anterad of hind angles; the latter obtuse, not bent outwards. In all other pronotal characters agreeing with the nominotypical form. Elytra: Proportion WE / LE = 1.55 – 1.60. Stria VIII more deeply impressed from level of the fifth umbilicate pore backwards. In all other elytral characters agreeing with the nominotypical form. Male genitalia: LE / LA = 3.16 – 3.21. Copulatory piece, in dorsal view, more slender and more deeply constricted anterad of base.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0301FF9CFF2FFB87FAA814FC.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The subspecific name is derived from the Shogu La pass which is a pass of local importance and which is close to the type locality (adjective). Identification: This subspecies differs from the nominotypical form by having more obtuse hind angles of pronotum which are not protruding laterally, and by the form of the copulatory piece as shown in Fig. 75 compared to Fig. 76.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0301FF9CFF2FFB87FAA814FC.taxon	discussion	Remarks on taxonomy: The morphological differences between individuals from the nominotypical form and those from T. yak shogulaensis ssp. n. are indeed small but always distinct, and concerning the above mentioned pronotal and male genitalia characters no transitions could be found. These facts could also indicate a distinct species, and hence the subspecific status is preliminary. More field work has to be done to search for further populations along the western Nyainqentanglha Shan. If such populations exist morphological and molecular genetic studies would be helpful to find out whether recently isolated populations are temporarily (e. g. during glacial periods) influenced by gene flow or not.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0301FF9CFF2FFB87FAA814FC.taxon	distribution	Distribution and geographical variation: Fig. 100. Currently only known from the uppermost Shogu Tshu Valley of western Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif, east of Jomo Gangtse Peak. Habitat: Higher alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 5000 – 5300 m. The specimens were found under stones on humid, gently inclined slopes in different expositions, often in snow water gorges.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031EFF9CFF2FFDA1FE7F11C4.taxon	description	(Fig. 78) Catalogue: Trechus folwarcznyi Deuve, 1997: 150. Locus typicus: South Central Tibet, Yangpachem County, ascent to Sogu La, 5100 m approximately 40 km W of Yangpachem.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031EFF9CFF2FFDA1FE7F11C4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ HOLOTYPE ”, “ Tibet 31. V. 97 Col de Suge La 5100 m A. Wrzecionko ”, “ Trechus folwarcznyi n. sp. Holotype Th. Deuve det. 1997 ” (MNHN). Additional material: CHINA: South Central Tibet: 38 males, 13 females, NE of Shogu La pass, 5000 – 5350 m, 29 ° 54 ’ 48 – 29 ° 57 ’ 20 N 90 ° 08 ’ 28 – 90 ° 07 ’ 49 E, 3 – 4. VII. 07 (CSCHM); 5 males, S Namtso, Langma Valley, 5100 – 5150 m, 30 ° 37 ’ 39,1 N 90 ° 51 ’ 56.5 E, 13. VII. 07 (CSCHM); 8 males, 3 females, above Shogu La Pass, 5450 m, 29 ° 53 ’ 55 N 90 ° 07 ’ 57, 5. VII. 07 (CSCHM). Identification: See key above. Relationships: See chapter Relationships of T. tsampa sp. n., below.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031EFF9CFF2FFDA1FE7F11C4.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 100. Currently only known from the mountain slopes around Shogu La pass of western Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif, east of Jomo Gangtse Peak. Habitat: An e daphic species of the higher alpine zone. The vertical distribution extends up to 5450 m. The specimens were found under stones on humid, gently inclined slopes as well on the top of an older moraine. In the lower parts of its vertical distribution (5100 – 5300 m) this species lives sympatrically with T. yak shogulaensis ssp. n.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031EFF9DFF2FFAF9FD3710C7.taxon	description	(Figs. 68, 92)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031EFF9DFF2FFAF9FD3710C7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET (South Central) 29. VI. 07, Dulong, Kurum vall. NW Lhasa, 4900 – 5150 m, ca. 29 ° 40 ’ 31 N 90 ° 46 ’ 16 E ”, “ Namba side valley, ascent south west of Namba ” (SMNS). Paratypes: 2 males, 3 females, with same label data as holotype (CSCHM, SMNS).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031EFF9DFF2FFAF9FD3710C7.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.2 – 3.4 mm. Colour: Surface moderately shiny, head and elytra dark brown, pronotum dark reddish brown. Basal segment and tip of the third segment of maxillary palpus, basal antennal segments and legs yellowish brown; second segment and base of the third segment of maxillary palpus, distal half of antennal segment III and four as well as antennal segments IV – XI on the whole darkened. Microsculpture: Supraorbital area and disc of pronotum almost smooth, with very faintly engraved almost isodiametric meshes (x 100). More deeply engraved meshes on neck, in frontal furrows of head and in basal depression of pronotum. Faintly engraved slightly transverse meshes on disc of elytra (x 80). Head: Rather stout, with eyes small and slightly protruding; temples approximately 2 / 3 of length of eyes and strongly wrinkled to the neck. Frontal furrows indistinctly flattened at level of hind suborbital seta. Antennae stout, 2 antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere III as long as antennomere II and slightly longer than antennomere IV. Pronotum: Sub-cordate, slightly transverse and strongly contracted towards base; proportions WP / LP = 1.26 – 1.31, WP / WPB = 1.35 – 1.37, WP / WH = 1.23 – 1.25, WE / WP = 1.53 – 1.55. Surface strongly convex. Sides slightly concave anterad of hind angles; the latter moderately large, slightly or moderately obtuse (100 – 120 °). Marginal gutter narrow, slightly widened anterad of laterobasal depressions. Base straight or slightly convex in middle and more strongly curved anteriorly at outer fifth. Basal depressions smooth. Elytra: Oval, broadest almost at mid-length, with proportion WE / LE = 1.53 – 1.55. Surface strongly convex, not flattened on disc. Shoulders rounded but distinct. Striae finely punctate, first stria fully deep impressed, striae II – III deeply impressed on disc but reduced at base and extreme apex, outer striae much shallower, stria VII hardly visible in anterior half but slightly impressed towards apex. Stria VIII faintly impressed from level of the fifth umbilicate pore backwards but deeply impressed at levels of seventh and eighth pores. Recurrent elytral preapical sulcus connected with the end of the seventh stria. Intervals I – III strongly convex. Preapical seta is located close to the second stria and at the beginning of the posterior elytral eighth. Legs: Stout. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe short (LE / LA = 4.1), in lateral view moderately curved, its terminal lamella short and slightly bent downwards at tip. Basal bulb average. Internal sac with the more strongly sclerotized portions indistinctly separated into two elongated, thin, longitudinal sheets situated close together below median lobe ostium.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031EFF9DFF2FFAF9FD3710C7.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name refers to the Tsampa (Tibetan name for barley grain), which is the most important vegetarian food of the Tibetans at high altitudes. The most delicious Tsampa of Southern Central Tibet comes from the Kurum Valley below the locus typicus of the new Trechus species. Noun in apposition. Identification: This new species is very similar to T. folwarcznyi Deuve, 1997, but differs in external characters by having shallower impressed elytral striae IV – VII, and more markedly in aedeagal characters by having a smaller and less strongly curved median lobe with its terminal lamella not bent upwards. It differs from T. astrophilus sp. n. and T. lama sp. n. in the forehand by the less rounded elytra, the stouter appendages and the smaller aedeagal median lobe with different internal sac structure. For differentiation from the similar species T. rarus sp. n., T. singularis sp. n., and T. tseringi sp. n. see the text on the latter species, below. Relationships: Due to remarkable similarities in the structure of the internal sac sclerotisation with T. folwarcznyi Deuve, 1997, T. rarus sp. n., and T. singularis sp. n., which can be interpreted as synapomorphic, T. tsampa sp. n. and the other species mentioned above seem to form a group of closely related geographic vicariants within the T. antonini group.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031EFF9DFF2FFAF9FD3710C7.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 100. Transhimalaya: Currently only known from the source area of a snow water brook on south side of lower Namba Valley which is the western side valley of the Kurum Valley north west of Lhasa. Habitat: Higher alpine zone. The specimens were found under big stones on the bottom of a high valley close to a melt water brook at an altitude of 5150 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031FFF9EFF2FF9E5FAB310C7.taxon	description	(Figs. 36, 79)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031FFF9EFF2FF9E5FAB310C7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET South Centr. 3 – 4. VII. 07, NE of Shogu La pass 5000 – 5350 m 29 ° 54 ’ 48 – 29 ° 57 ’ 20 N 90 ° 08 ’ 28 – 90 ° 07 ’ 49 E ” (CSCHM). Paratypes: 1 female, with same label data as holotype (CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031FFF9EFF2FF9E5FAB310C7.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.3 – 3.4 mm. Colour: Surface reddish brown, moderately shiny, head and posterior 2 / 3 of elytra cloudy dark brown. Palpi, scapus, pedicellus, basal half of antennal segment III and legs yellowish brown; distal half of antennal segment III as well as antennal segments IV – XI on the whole darkened. Microsculpture: Surface of head with almost isodiametric meshes throughout, more deeply engraved in frontal furrows and on neck, but also distinct on supraorbital area (x 50). Disc of pronotum almost smooth, with very faintly engraved meshes (x 100). Faintly engraved slightly transverse meshes on disc of elytra (x 80). Head: Stout and broad, with eyes moderately small and moderately protruding; temples almost 1 / 2 of length of eyes and strongly wrinkled to the neck. Frontal furrows moderately deep in front and strongly flattened at level of hind suborbital seta. Antennae stout, 1.5 – 2 antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere III somewhat longer than antennomere II and IV, both the latter are alike in length. Pronotum: Sub-cordate, transverse and moderately contracted towards base; proportions WP / LP = 1.31 – 1.33, WP / WPB = 1.25 – 1.31, WP / WH = 1.14 – 1.18, WE / WP = 1.47 – 1.56. Surface strongly convex. Sides evenly rounded in anterior 2 / 3 and straight towards base; hind angles slightly obtuse (100 – 105 °). Marginal gutter narrow, almost not widened anterad of laterobasal depressions. Base slightly convex in middle and little more strongly curved anteriorly at outer fifth. Basal depressions smooth. Elytra: Oval, broadest a little behind mid-length, with proportion WE / LE = 1.49. Surface strongly convex, not flattened on disc. Shoulders rounded but distinct. Striae finely punctate, striae I – III deeply impressed but reduced at base, stria IV much shallower, stria V suggested as a row of finely engraved punctures, striae VI and VII hardly visible in anterior half but slightly impressed (incomplete, with interruptions) towards apex. Stria VIII moderately impressed from level of the fifth umbilicate pore backwards but with a + / - broad interruption of the stria in middle of distance between fifth and seventh pores. Recurrent elytral preapical sulcus connected with the interrupted and prolonged end of the fifth stria. Intervals I – IV moderately to strongly convex. Preapical seta is located close to the second stria and at the beginning of the posterior elytral eighth or ninth. Legs: Stout. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe short (LE / LA = 3.23), in lateral view strongly but not evenly curved, with ventral side almost straight in middle of median lobe; terminal lamella short and slightly bent upwards. Basal bulb average. Internal sac with the more strongly sclerotized portions indistinctly separated in two elongated, thin and closed longitudinal sheets below median lobe ostium. Parameres rather stout.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031FFF9EFF2FF9E5FAB310C7.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name is given due to the apparent rarity of the new species (Latin “ rar-us, - a, - um ”); adjective. Identification: In male genitalia characters, this new species is very similar to T. folwarcznyi Deuve, 1997, and the newly described species T. singularis sp. n., and T. tsampa sp. n., however, it is easily to distinguish by the broader head with larger and more protruded eyes, and by the more deeply engraved micromeshes on disc of head. In addition, it differs in the external form of the aedeagal median lobe, which is, in lateral view, not so evenly curved as in the species mentioned above. Relationships: See text on ‘ Relationships’ under T. tsampa sp. n.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031FFF9EFF2FF9E5FAB310C7.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 100. Uppermost Shogu Tshu Valley of western Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif, east of Jomo Gangtse Peak. Habitat: Humid meadows of the higher alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 5000 – 5200 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031CFF9FFF2FF9E5FB2C10BB.taxon	description	(Figs. 37, 67)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031CFF9FFF2FF9E5FB2C10BB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET (South Central) 5. VII. 07, W of Shogu La 4650 – 4850 m 29 ° 15 ’ 18 N 90 ° 04 ’ 06 E to 29 ° 48 ’ 15 N 90 ° 02 ’ 21 E ” (CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031CFF9FFF2FF9E5FB2C10BB.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.5 mm. Colour: Surface yellowish brown, moderately shiny, head somewhat darker brown. Appendages yellowish brown, but second segment of maxillary palpus and antennal segments III – XI indistinctly darkened. Microsculpture: Surface of head with almost isodiametric meshes throughout, more deeply engraved in frontal furrows and on neck, but also distinct on supraorbital area (x 50). Discs of pronotum and elytra with faintly engraved meshes (x 80); mesh patterns more transverse on elytra. Head: Stout and broad, with eyes small and slightly protruding; temples approximately 2 / 3 of length of eyes and strongly wrinkled to the neck. Frontal furrows somewhat flattened at level of hind suborbital seta. Antennae stout, 2 antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere III distinctly longer than antennomere II and IV, both the latter are alike in length. Pronotum: Sub-cordate, transverse and more strongly contracted towards base; proportions WP / LP = 1.28, WP / WPB = 1.30, WP / WH = 1.28, WE / WP = 1.53. Surface strongly convex. Sides convexly rounded in anterior 7 / 8 and curtly concave anterior hind angles, the latter relatively small and slightly obtuse (100). Marginal gutter narrow, slightly widened anterad of laterobasal depressions. Base slightly convex in middle and little more strongly curved anteriorly at outer fifth. Basal depressions with fine longitudinal wrinkles beside middle of pronotum. Elytra: Sub-oval, with sides slightly contracted at the end of the anterior quarter and broadest a little behind mid-length; proportion WE / LE = 1.49. Surface strongly convex, slightly flattened on disc. Shoulders rounded but distinct. Striae finely punctate, first stria fully deep impressed, striae II – III deeply impressed on disc but flattened at base and extreme apex, outer striae shallower, stria VII hardly visible. Stria VIII slightly impressed from level of the fifth umbilicate pore backwards. Recurrent elytral preapical sulcus connected with the end of the seventh stria. Intervals I – IV strongly convex. Preapical seta is located in third interval and at the beginning of the posterior elytral seventh. Legs: Stout. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe short (LE / LA = 3.09), in lateral view strongly curved, and with terminal lamella short and slightly bent upwards. Basal bulb average. Internal sac without distinct copulatory piece; the elongated folding structure below median lobe ostium is moderately sclerotized throughout. Parameres rather stout.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031CFF9FFF2FF9E5FB2C10BB.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name is derived from the Latin word “ singular-is, - e ” and given due to the apparent rarity of the new species; only a single specimen has been found to date; adjective. Identification: Larger than T. folwarcznyi Deuve, 1997 and T. tsampa sp. n., with pronotum more transverse and elytra broader on shoulders, and with aedeagal internal sac less sclerotized, without presence of a distinct copulatory piece. In male genitalia characters more similar to T. rarus sp. n., but easily to distinguish by slender head with smaller and less protruding eyes, and by the more strongly reduced micromeshes on supraorbital area. Relationships: See chapter Relationships of T. tsampa sp. n.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031CFF9FFF2FF9E5FB2C10BB.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 100. Mountainous areas south of Jomo Gangtse Peak at western Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif. Habitat: The single specimen was found on yak meadows under a stone close to a brook.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031DFF98FF2FFA51FF3C13DF.taxon	description	(Figs. 38, 80)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031DFF98FF2FFA51FF3C13DF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET South Centr. 6. VII. 07, 120 km W Lhasa, 2 km NE Dongu La pass, 4800 – 5000 m, ca. 29 ° 45 ’ 01 N 89 ° 51 ’ 11 E ” (BMNH). Paratypes: 8 males, 3 females, with same label data as holotype (BMNH, CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031DFF98FF2FFA51FF3C13DF.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.2 – 3.4 mm. Colour: Surface shiny, head and elytra dark brown, pronotum dark reddish brown. Basal segment and tip of the third segment of maxillary palpus, basal antennal segments and legs yellowish brown; second segment and base of the third segment of maxillary palpus, distal half of antennal segment III and antennal segments IV – XI on the whole darkened. Microsculpture: Supraorbital area and disc of pronotum with faintly engraved almost isodiametric meshes (x 80). More deeply engraved meshes on neck, in frontal furrows of head and in pronotal basal depression. Slightly engraved slightly transverse meshes on disc of elytra (x 60). Head: Average, with eyes small and slightly protruding; temples approximately 3 / 4 of length of eyes and strongly wrinkled to the neck. Frontal furrows slightly flattened at level of hind suborbital seta. Antennae stout, 2 antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere III as long as antennomere II and slightly longer than antennomere IV. Pronotum: Relatively small, transverse, moderately cordate and strongly contracted towards base; proportions WP / LP = 1.27 – 1.31, WP / WPB = 1.36 – 1.43, WP / WH = 1.24 – 1.28, WE / WP = 1.59 – 1.68. Surface strongly convex. Sides evenly rounded in anterior 2 / 3 and slightly concave anterad of hind angles; the latter relatively large, slightly obtuse (100 – 110 °). Marginal gutter narrow, hardly widened anterad of laterobasal depressions. Base weakly convex in middle and more strongly curved anteriorly at outer fifth; basal depressions smooth or with 1 – 2 longitudinal wrinkles both sides of pronotal middle. Elytra: Oval, broadest almost at mid-length, with proportion WE / LE = 1.45 – 1.50. Surface strongly convex, not flattened on disc. Shoulders rounded but distinct. Striae finely or indistinctly punctate, first stria fully deep impressed, striae II – III deeply impressed on disc but flattened at base and extreme apex, outer striae shallower, stria VII very faintly impressed but present. Stria VIII slightly impressed from level of the fifth umbilicate pore backwards and more deeply impressed at levels of seventh and eighth pores. Recurrent elytral preapical sulcus connected with the end of the seventh stria. Intervals I – IV strongly convex. Preapical seta is located in the third intervall distinctly before the end of second stria and at the beginning of the posterior elytral seventh. Legs: Rather stout. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe short (LE / LA = 3.30 – 3.54), in lateral view evenly curved throughout, with terminal lamella short and slightly bent upwards. Basal bulb average. Internal sac with slightly sclerotized longitudinal sheets below median lobe ostium, without distinct copulatory piece.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031DFF98FF2FFA51FF3C13DF.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name is dedicated to Tsering Dorge, Tibetan University, Lhasa, for his kind support of my studies on the Plateau. Formed as a noun (name) in the genitive case. Identification: This new species is very similar to T. folwarcznyi Deuve, 1997 and its close relatives, but differs in external characters by having more rounded sides of elytra, and (with exception of T. singularis sp. n.) in male genitalia characters by lacking more strongly sclerotized portions of aedeagal internal sac. In addition to the elytral and aedeagal characters mentioned above T. tseringi is easily to distinguish from the above newly described T. rarus sp. n. by the more slender head with less engraved micromeshes and with more distinctly reduced and less protruding eyes. In addition to the elytral characters mentioned above T. tseringi sp. n. is easily to distinguish from the above newly described T. singularis sp. n. by the smaller eyes, smaller and less transverse pronotum, thinner femora, and by the more evenly rounded ventral side of aedeagal median lobe. Relationships: Due to the relatively small pronotum and the more evenly rounded elytral sides T. tseringi sp. n. seems more closely related to both the below described species T. astrophilus sp. n. and T. lama sp. n. However, no evidence could be found using male genitalia characters. Therefore, the relationships of T. tseringi sp. n. within the T. antonini group are currently difficult to determine.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031DFF98FF2FFA51FF3C13DF.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 100. Transhimalaya approximately 120 km west of Lhasa: Currently only known from the Dongu La pass area. Habitat: Lower alpine zone; vertical distribution approximately 4800 – 5000 m. The species was found under stones close to a melt water brook and on the top of a mountain which has an altitude of approximately 5000 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031AFF9AFF2FF88DFEFB14DB.taxon	description	(Figs. 65, 74, 91)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031AFF9AFF2FF88DFEFB14DB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET (South Central) 19. VI. 07, Budha Vall. N of Yangpachem, ca. 30 ° 11 ’ 07 N 90 ° 28 ’ 42 E, 5300 – 5600 m ” (BMNH). Paratypes: 52 males, 12 females, with same label data as holotype (BMNH, CKAB, CSCHM, CWR, MNHN, SMNS); 1 male, 1 female, South Central Tibet, Budha Vall. N of Yangpachem, 5000 – 5200 m, ca. 30 ° 10 ’ 56 N 90 ° 29 ’ 21 E, 17 – 20. VI. 07 (CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031AFF9AFF2FF88DFEFB14DB.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.2 – 3.9 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface dark brown, shiny, with pronotum dark reddish brown. Scapus, basal segment of maxillary palpus and legs yellowish brown; distal half of antennal segment II, antennal segments IV – XI on the whole, second segment and basal portion of the third segment of maxillary palpus darkened. Microsculpture: Supraorbital area and disc of pronotum almost polished, with very faintly engraved meshes, visible under high magnification only (x 100). More deeply engraved almost isodiametric meshes in frontal furrows of head and in pronotal basal depression. Slightly engraved slightly transverse meshes on disc of elytra (x 60). Head: Average, with eyes small and slightly protruding; temples approximately 4 / 5 of length of eyes and strongly wrinkled to the neck. Frontal furrows slightly flattened at level of hind suborbital seta. Antennae average, 3 antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere III slightly longer than antennomere II and IV, both the latter are alike in length. Pronotum: Relatively small, cordate, moderately transverse and strongly contracted towards base; proportions WP / LP = 1.25 – 1.31, WP / WPB = 1.35 – 1.39, WP / WH = 1.15 – 1.20, WE / WP = 1.72 – 1.81. Surface strongly convex. Sides concave anterad of hind angles; the latter moderately large, sometimes slightly bent outwards, rectangular or slightly obtuse. Marginal gutter narrow, slightly widened anterad of laterobasal depressions. Base rectilinear or weakly convex in middle, more strongly curved anteriorly at outer fifth; basal depressions smooth. Elytra: Oval, broadest almost at mid-length, with proportion WE / LE = 1.48 – 1.54. Surface strongly convex, not flattened on disc. Shoulders rounded, indistinct. Striae faintly or indistinctly punctate, first stria fully deep impressed, striae II – IV deeply impressed on disc but reduced at base and extreme apex, outer striae shallower, stria VII very faintly impressed but present. Stria VIII moderately impressed from level of the fifth umbilicate pore backwards and more deeply impressed at levels of seventh and eighth pores. Recurrent elytral preapical sulcus connected with the end of the fifth or seventh stria. Intervals I – IV (- V) strongly convex. Preapical seta is located in the third interval distinctly before the end of the second stria and at the beginning of the last seventh of the elytra. Legs: Relatively slender. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe average in length (LE / LA = 2.55 – 2.78), more strongly curved in basal half, slightly elongate towards apex, but with terminal lamella short; the latter slightly curved upwards. Basal bulb average. The structure of the sclerotized internal sac portion is distinctly bipartite, in dorsal view with a long needle-like copulatory piece which is surrounded by a more sac like sheet. Parameres slender.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031AFF9AFF2FF88DFEFB14DB.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name is derived from the Latinized Greek words “ astrum ” (starry sky) and “ philum ” (friend) and refers to the habitat of the new species which extends to exceptionally high altitudes, and which offer ideal condition to watch the stars; adjective. Identification: In external characters similar to T. folwarcznyi Deuve, 1997, but with body size on average larger, with head, antennae and legs somewhat slender, with temporae longer and with antennae darker. Moreover, T. astrophilus sp. n. is easily distinguished from all other species of the T. antonini group by the more extensively sclerotized aedeagal internal sac. Relationships: T. astrophilus sp. n. and the below described T. lama sp. n. together share some conspicuous similarities in the shape of body and aedeagus which are considered to be synapomorphies and therefore, which indicate a sister species relationship: Antennae and legs more slender, elytra more evenly rounded, aedeagal median lobe more elongated towards apex. The above newly described species T. budhaensis sp. n. and T. yeti sp. n. share a similar body shape, however, based on apomorphic charater states of male genitalia both the latter species seem to belong to another evolutionary line which includes T. antonini Deuve, 1997, a species with a shorter head and appendages and with less rounded elytra (see discussion above). Therefore, parallel evolution of similar external body shape characters are very likely in both the sister species pairs T. budhaensis - T. yeti and T. astrophilus - T. lama without indicating close relationships.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA031AFF9AFF2FF88DFEFB14DB.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 100. Currently only known from the source area of the glacier brook of the Budha Valley on south slope of central Nyainqentanglha Shan Massif north of Yangpachem. Habitat: Higher alpine zone. The species seems to be strictly limited to altitudes above 5200 m. Its vertical distribution extends to the upper limit of the alpine zone and adjoins the nival zone. Up to an altitude of 5600 m the species was frequently found under stones on gently inclined slopes in southern and western expositions as well on the top of an older moraine. At its highest occurrences, T. astrophilus sp. n. lives sympatrically with Amara altiphila Hieke, 1995, and with a hitherto undescribed species of the Bembidion baehri group.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0318FF9BFF2FFDF1FB5D10E9.taxon	description	(Figs. 66, 93)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0318FF9BFF2FFDF1FB5D10E9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET (South Central) 29. VI. 07, Dulong, Kurum vall. NW Lhasa, 4900 – 5200 m, ca. 29 ° 42 ’ 18 N 90 ° 35 ’ 16 E ”, “ south ascent of Tsubu side valley, above Tsurphu Monastery ” (BMNH). Paratypes: 21 males, 7 females, with same label data as holotype (BMNH, CKAB, CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0318FF9BFF2FFDF1FB5D10E9.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.5 – 4.0 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface dark brown, shiny, with pronotum in most specimens somewhat lightened reddish brown. Antennae, palpi and legs yellowish brown; in some specimens distal half of antennal segment III or IV and antennal segments IV – XI on the whole darkened. Microsculpture: As described in T. astrophilus sp. n. Head: Temples 4 / 5 – 5 / 6 of length of eyes, in some specimens almost as long as eyes. In all other characters agreeing with T. astrophilus sp. n. Pronotum: Proportions: WP / LP = 1.19 – 1.29, WP / WPB = 1.29 – 1.36, WP / WH = 1.19 – 1.23, WE / WP = 1.69 – 1.79. Sides more strongly concave anterad of hind angles, the latter large, sometimes slightly bent outwards, slightly obtuse or rectangular. Base slightly curved anteriorly at outer fifth. Basal depression rugose both sides of middle of pronotum due to the presence of several small longitudinal wrinkles in addition to the convex surfaces of sculpticells. In all other characters agreeing with T. astrophilus sp. n. Elytra: Broader oval, with proportion WE / LE = 1.50 – 1.55. Sides with shoulders almost evenly rounded. Striae more deeply punctate. Preapical seta is located close to the second stria and at the beginning of the posterior elytral seventh or eighth. In all other characters agreeing with T. astrophilus sp. n. Legs: Relatively slender. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe average in length (LE / LA = 2.69 – 2.88), more strongly curved in basal half, slightly elongate towards apex, but with terminal lamella short; the latter distinctly curved upwards, its base slightly stepped from level of ventral margin of median lobe. Basal bulb average. Internal sac with slightly sclerotized longitudinal sheets below median lobe ostium, without distinct copulatory piece.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0318FF9BFF2FFDF1FB5D10E9.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name refers to the Buddhist monks of Tibet, and especially to the monks of the very old Tsurphu Monastery which is located near the type locality of the new species; noun in apposition. Identification: This new species is very similar to the above described T. astrophilus sp. n., but differs in having antennae paler, pronotal hind angles larger, basal depressions more distinctly rugose, elytra broader oval, and especially by having aedeagal internal sac only weakly sclerotized. It is also similar to T. folwarcznyi Deuve, 1997, but has larger body size, head, antennae and legs slender, temporae longer and elytra much broader. In male genitalia characters T. lama sp. n. can easily be distinguished from both T. budhaensis sp. n. and T. yeti sp. n., which also have more slender appendages, broader oval elytra and weak internal sac sclerotisation of aedeagal median lobe, by the much stouter aedeagal median lobe with a shorter terminal lamella which is slightly stepped from the level of the ventral margin of the median lobe. Relationships: This species is the presumed sister species of T. astrophilus sp. n., see the latter, above.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0318FF9BFF2FFDF1FB5D10E9.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 100. Transhimalaya: Currently only known from the source area of a snow water brook on south western side of middle Tsubu Valley (or Tsurphu Valley) which is the north western side valley of the Kurum Valley north west of Lhasa. Habitat: Higher alpine zone. The specimens were found under stones on gently inclined slopes of eastern exposition and close to small melt water brooks at altitudes between 5100 and 5200 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0319FF94FF2FF99EFBE114FC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Head with frontal furrows deep, + / - strongly curved at middle. Frons and supraorbital areas strongly convex. Temples smooth. Mandibles normal. Pronotum cordate, with hind angles well produced. Pronotal base + / - rectilinear in middle and with outer fifth more strongly curved anteriorly. Basal transverse depression of pronotum diffuse, limited towards disc; laterobasal foveae broadly developed. Pronotal median line distinct, deeper near base. Hind wings reduced to small stubs. Humerus broadly rounded. Each elytron with parascutellar seta, preapical seta and two discal setae on third interval, with anterior discal seta located on stria III at the end of the anterior elytral quarter, and with middle dorsal seta located on stria III somewhat behind elytral middle. Stria VIII slightly or moderately impressed from level of the fifth umbilicate pore backwards and more deeply impressed at levels of seventh and eighth pores. Recurrent elytral preapical sulcus deeply impressed and directed to the end of the fifth stria. Ventral surface smooth. Legs relatively short, with thick femora and thin tibia and tarsi; protibiae slightly dilated towards apices, hardly bowed, without a longitudinal groove on external surface. Two basal protarsi of male dilated, dentoid at the inner apical border. Aedeagal median lobe small, with basal bulb average and strongly bent downwards, and with basal velum well developed; in dorsal view more slender, in lateral view with terminal lamella straight and moderately short, not hooked at tip. Internal sac with a strongly sclerotized and sharply limited transverse fold (copulatory piece) in middle of third quarter of median lobe. Parameres rather stout, with left paramere slightly longer than right one, both with four setae at tip. Species included: Monotypic: T. chaklaensis sp. n. (South Central Tibet).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0316FF95FF2FFDAAFB7417F3.taxon	description	(Figs. 71, 72, 95)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0316FF95FF2FFDAAFB7417F3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ TIBET South Centr. 17. VII. 07, Lhundup area, above Chak La 5000 – 5200 m, ca. 30 ° 07 ’ 05 N 91 ° 16 ’ 31 E ” (BMNH). Paratypes: 35 males, 11 females, with same label data as holotype (BMNH, CKAB, CSCHM, CWR, MNHN, SMNS).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0316FF95FF2FFDAAFB7417F3.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 2.9 – 3.3 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface brown or light brown, shiny, with head and posterior 2 / 3 of elytra often cloudy darkened. Palpi, antennal base and legs yellowish brown, antennal segments III – XI often darkened. Microsculpture: Supraorbital area and discs of pronotum and elytra with very faintly engraved meshes, almost isodiametric on head and more transverse on pronotum and elytra (x 100). More deeply engraved meshes in frontal furrows of head and in pronotal basal depression. Head: Average, with eyes small and slightly protruding; temples approximately 3 / 4 of length of eyes and strongly wrinkled to the neck. Frontal furrows not or very slightly flattened at level of hind suborbital seta. Antennae moderately short, 2.5 antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere III slightly longer than antennomeres II and IV, both the latter are alike in length. Pronotum: Relatively variable in form and proportions: Cordate or subcordate, moderately or more strongly transverse and + / - strongly contracted towards base; WP / LP = 1.25 – 1.38, WP / WPB = 1.28 – 1.38, WP / WH = 1.23 – 1.28, WE / WP = 1.52 – 1.71. Surface strongly convex. Sides evenly rounded in anterior 2 / 3 and straight or + / - curtly concave anterad of hind angles; the latter relatively small, + / - obtuse, in some specimens pointed, in some specimens almost rounded. Marginal gutter narrow, slightly widened anterad of laterobasal depressions. Base almost rectilinear, distinctly curved anteriorly at outer fifth; basal depressions smooth or with fine longitudinal wrinkles both sides of pronotal middle. Elytra: Oval, broadest at mid-length or little behind, with proportion WE / LE = 1.48 – 1.53. Surface strongly convex, not or slightly flattened on disc. Shoulders rounded, indistinct. Striae faintly punctate, first stria fully deep impressed, second and third striae deeply impressed on disc but reduced at base and extreme apex, fourth stria much shallower, striae V and VI hardly visible and stria VII completely reduced. Stria VIII moderately or slightly impressed from level of the fifth umbilicate pore backwards and more deeply impressed at levels of seventh and eighth pores. Second and third interval strongly convex. Preapical seta is located in the third interval often close to the second stria and at the beginning of the posterior elytral seventh or eighth. Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe short (LE / LA = 3.40 – 3.47), more strongly curved in basal half, elongate towards apex, with terminal lamella moderately short; the latter almost straight, very slightly bent downwards at tip. Basal bulb average. Internal sac in lateral view with a strongly bent leaf-like copulatory piece in middle of third quarter of median lobe.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0316FF95FF2FFDAAFB7417F3.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name is derived from the type locality, the Chak La pass (adjective). Identification: Within the Tibetan fauna this new species is easily to distinguish by the extraordinary form of the copulatory piece of the male genitalia. Due to the pale body and the more strongly reduced lateral elytral striae in external characters T. chaklaensis sp. n. is similar to T. korae sp. n. of the T. wrzecionkoi group and to T. mieheorum sp. n. of the T. dacatraianus group, but beside the very different form of aedeagal median lobe it differs from both species in having a smaller body size, temples longer and micromeshes on elytral disc more weakly engraved. The new species is also similar to the species of the T. antonini group, especially due to the form and the small size of the aedeagal median lobe but it is easily distinguished by the transverse direction of the internal sac sclerotized portion. Relationships: Similarities in general habitus and in external shape of the aedeagal median lobe of the new species suggest closer relationships with species of the T. antonini group, however, the latter species group is characterized by having completely different aedeagal internal sac structures: The sclerotized portions always lie in a longitudinal direction, whereas in T. chaklaensis sp. n. the sclerotized portion is transversely folded. Thus, the taxonomic position of T. chaklaensis sp. n. at present remains unclear.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0316FF95FF2FFDAAFB7417F3.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 99. Transhimalaya approximately 60 km north east of Lhasa: Currently only known from the mountain slopes south east and above the Chak La pass. Habitat: Higher alpine zone. The specimens were found under stones along a melt water brook at altitudes of 5000 – 5100 m, and on the top of a mountain crest at altitudes of 5100 – 5200 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0317FF95FF2FFCADFBCA10F9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Head with frontal furrows deep, + / - strongly curved at middle, not flattened at level of hind suborbital pore. Frons and supraorbital areas strongly convex. Temples smooth. Mandibles normal. Pronotum cordate, with hind angles large; base straight or inner 3 / 5 slightly shifted posteriorly. Pronotal basal transverse depression diffuse limited towards disc; laterobasal foveae large and deeply developed. Pronotal median line distinct, deeper near base. Hind wings reduced to small stubs. Humerus broadly rounded. Each elytron with parascutellar seta, preapical seta and two discal setae on third interval, with anterior discal seta located on stria III at the end of the anterior elytral quarter, and with middle dorsal seta located on stria III somewhat behind elytral middle. Stria VIII deeply impressed from level of the fifth umbilicate pore backwards. Recurrent elytral preapical sulcus deeply impressed and directed to the end of the seventh stria. Ventral surface smooth. Legs short, with thick femora and thin tibia and tarsi; protibiae slightly dilated towards apices, hardly bowed, with a fine, sometimes indistinct groove on external surface. Two basal protarsi of male dilated, dentoid at the inner apical border. Aedeagal median lobe moderately stout, with basal bulb average and with basal velum completely reduced; terminal lamella short, not hooked at tip. Internal sac with a large copulatory piece. Parameres moderately stout, with left paramere slightly longer than right one, both with four relatively short setae at tip. Species included: Monotypic: T. stratiotes sp. n. (Far Western Nepal).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0317FF97FF2FF9BDFE58116E.taxon	description	(Figs. 51, 84)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0317FF97FF2FF9BDFE58116E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ NEPAL Prov. Karnali Distr. Humla, 16 km W Simikot, 3 km NW Sankha La, 4300 – 4800 m, 29 ° 57 ’ 18 ’’ N 81 ° 39 ’ 30 ’’ E, HF 29. – 30.06.2001, leg. A. Kopetz, stone-debris & alpine mats ” (NME). Paratypes: 46 males, 33 females, with same label data as holotype (CKOP, CSCHM, NME); 5 males, 1 female, with same label data, but: 4000 – 4300 m (CKOP); 53 males, 26 females, with same label data, but: 4250 – 4600 m, leg. M. Hartmann (CSCHM, NME); 5 males, 2 females, with same label data, but: 4100 – 4500 m, leg. A. Weigel (CSCHM, CWG); 9 males, 7 females, with same label data, but: 4700 – 4800 m, snow fields, 29 ° 56 N 81 ° 39 E, 30. VI. 2001, leg. E. Grill & A. Weigel (CGR, CWG); 1 male, 1 female, ditto, but: 3 – 4 km NW Sankha La, 4250 m, alpine meadows, pasture, 29 ° 57 ’ 18 N 81 ° 39 ’ 30 E, 29. VI. 2001, leg. M. Hartmann (NME); 8 males, 4 females, ditto, but: 2 km NW Sankha La, 4250 – 4950 m, snow fields and alpine mats, 29 ° 56 ’ 39 N 81 ° 39 ’ 02 E, 29. VI. 2001, leg. E. Grill (CGR); 7 males, 5 females, Nepal, Prov. Seti, Distr. Bajura, 10 km SE Chala, vor [before] Sankha La, 4200 – 4400 m, 29 ° 57 ’ 1 N 81 ° 39 ’ 3 E, 30. VI. 2001, leg. J. Weipert (CWP); 16 males, 6 females, ditto, but: Umg. [environment] Sankha La, 4400 – 4800 m, 29 ° 56 ’ 4 N 81 ° 40 E, 1. VII. 2001, leg. J. Weipert (CWP); 16 males, 3 females, ditto, but: Umg. Lager [environment camp] S Sankha La, 4600 – 4900 m, 29 ° 56 ’ 2 N 81 ° 40 ’ 1 E, 2. VII. 2001, leg. J. Weipert (CWP); 1 male, 1 female, Nepal, Prov. Seti, Distr. Bajura, 15 km W Simikot, Dudh Lekh / Dudh Tal, 4650 – 4800 m, 29 ° 56 ’ 09 N 81 ° 40 ’ 32 E, stonedebris, glacier lakeside, 1. VII. 2001, leg. A. Kopetz (CKOP); 5 males, 3 females, ditto, but: 4700 m, snow fields and glacier lakeside, 1. VII. 2001, leg. E. Grill (CGR, CSCHM); 3 males, 1 female, ditto, but: 4650 m, glacier lakeside, 2. VII. 2001, leg. A. Kopetz (CKOP); 6 males, 2 females, ditto, but: 4600 – 4900 m, stonedebris and glacier lakeside, 2. VII. 2001, leg. M. Hartmann (CSCHM, NME); 1 male, Nepal, Prov. Seti, Distr. Bajura, 18 km W Simikot, Sankha La – Kuwadi Khola, 4600 – 4000 m, mountain meadows and pastures, 29 ° 54 ’ 40 N 81 ° 38 ’ 49 E, 3. VII. 2007, leg. A. Kopetz (CKOP); 1 male, 1 female, ditto, but: 19 km WSW Simikot, Kuwadi Khola valley, 3500 – 3700 m, mountain meadows and riverside, 29 ° 53 ’ 10 N 81 ° 38 ’ 40 E, 4. VII. 2001, leg. M. Hartmann (NME); 5 males, 3 females, ditto, but: 19 km W Simikot, Kuwadi Khola, 3500 m, river side, 29 ° 53 ’ 14 N 81 ° 38 ’ 40 E, 4. VII. 2001, leg. A. Weigel (CSCHM, CWG); 5 males, 3 females, ditto, but: riverbank, coniferous-birch-forest, 4 – 5. VII. 2001, leg. A. Kopetz (CKOP).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0317FF97FF2FF9BDFE58116E.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.2 – 3.7 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface dark brown, shiny; pronotum in some specimens reddish brown lightened, palpi, legs and antennae yellowish brown, antennal segments IV – XI or V – XI somewhat darkened in most specimens. Microsculpture: Surface of head with moderately engraved isodiametric meshes throughout (x 40 – x 50). Pronotum with more faintly engraved slightly transverse meshes on disc (x 80) but more deeply impressed almost isodiametric meshes in basal depressions. Elytral disc with faintly engraved narrow and more strongly transverse meshes (x 100). Head: Broad, with eyes small and slightly protruding; temples approximately ¾ – 4 / 5 of length of eyes and strongly wrinkled to the neck. Antennae relatively short, 2 – 2.5 antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere II nearly as long as antennomere III, the latter is distinctly (approximately 4 / 5) longer than antennomere IV. Pronotum: Moderately large, transverse, strongly contracted towards base; proportions: WP / LP = 1.34 – 1.40, WP / WPB = 1.40 – 1.43, WP / WH = 1.24 – 1.29, WE / WP = 1.45 – 1.50. Surface strongly convex. Sides convexly rounded in anterior 2 / 3 and straight towards hind angles, the latter pointed. Marginal gutter moderately narrow, slightly widened anterad of laterobasal depressions. Base rectilinear in middle, slightly shifted posteriorly towards sides. Basal depressions with fine longitudinal wrinkles both sides of pronotal middle. Elytra: Sub-oval, relatively broad at shoulders, hardly convex at the end of the anterior elytral third, broadest little behind mid-length; proportion WE / LE = 1.45 – 1.53. Surface strongly convex, not flattened on disc. Shoulders rounded, but slightly distinct. Striae punctate, first stria fully deep impressed, second and third striae also deeply impressed but reduced at base, fourth and fifth stria distinctly shallower, sixth stria hardly visible, stria VII completely reduced in anterior 2 / 3 and faintly impressed in posterior third. Intervals I – III (- IV) strongly convex. Location of preapical seta somewhat variable, usually marking the fusion point of the second and third striae, which in most specimens is located at the beginning of the last seventh or eighth of the elyton, but in some specimens located little more posteriorly (up to the beginning of the last ninth). Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe moderately short (LE / LA = 2.92 – 3.03), in lateral view strongly curved in basal 3 / 4, but straight towards apex; terminal lamella moderately short, simply narrowed seen dorsally. Copulatory piece of internal sac elongated, approximately 2 / 3 of length of median lobe, lance-like in anterior half, slightly curved throughout.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0317FF97FF2FF9BDFE58116E.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name is derived from the Latinized ancient Greek word “ stratiotes ” [strat-ee-o’ - tace, a (common) soldier] and refers to the lance-like form of the sclerotized internal sac portion that give the new species an armed appearance; noun in apposition. Identification: Within the Trechus fauna of Tibet and Himalaya this new species is easily to recognize by its unique male genitalia characters, especially by the external shape of the aedeagal median lobe, and by the lance-like form of the large copulatory piece. It differs strikingly from all other Trechus species of the Western Nepal Himalaya and adjacent mountainous regions by lacking the veliform appendix of the median lobe basal bulb. Relationships: From a taxonomic point of view T. stratiotes sp. n. seems widely isolated within the Trechus fauna of Western Nepal and the ancient Western Himalaya as well. Within this region two diverse species groups occur: The T. franzianus group as described in this paper (see above), of which one species (T. sculptipennis sp. n.) is sympatric with T. stratiotes sp. n., and the T. quadristriatus group sensu lato (see remarks on the T. thibetanus group, above). Both these groups represent quite different evolutionary lines within the genus Trechus. Moreover, no relatives of T. stratiotes sp. n. could hitherto be identified within the fauna of the Himalaya or the fauna of the Tibetan plateau. The male genitalia characters of the new species are so striking in several respects (external form of aedeagus with complete reduction of basal bulb appendix, structures of internal sac sclerotized portion), that a separate evolution after split off from a more basal Trechus line is likely. Although several similarities in external shape and in microsculpture of body surface could suggest closer relationships of T. stratiotes sp. n. to the Central Himalayan species group of T. tosioi Uéno, 1972 (see also discussion in chapter Relationships of T. rolwalingense sp. n., below), however, at the actual state of knowledge, none of these characters are reliable synapomorphies.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0317FF97FF2FF9BDFE58116E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and geographical variation: Fig. 98. The nominotypical form is distributed in the vicinity of pass Sankha La and on slopes north of the pass down to the Kuwadi Khola valley on north eastern macro slope of Saipal Himal, Far Western Nepal. A form somewhat differing in external morphology was found southeast of the Sankha La pass and will be described as a separate subspecies below. Habitat: Presumably a species of the subalpine and lower alpine zones, with its highest occurrences on alpine meadows at about 4700 – 4800 m, and the lowest findings at an altitude of 3500 m on riverbanks in the higher montane zone.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0315FF90FF2FFB1CFC6F1470.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ NEPAL Prov. Seti Distr. Bajura, 15 km S Simikot, N slope W Malikasthan 4100 – 4200 m, 29 ° 50 ’ 42 ’’ N 81 ° 47 ’ 25 ’’ E, 07.07.2001 leg. A. Kopetz, stone-debris HF ” (NME). Paratypes: 20 males, 13 females, with same label data as holotype (CKOP, CSCHM, NME); 16 males, 11 females, with same label data, but: leg. E. Grill & A. Weigel (CGR, CSCHM, CWG); 1 male, Nepal, Prov. Karnali, Distr. Humla, 13 km S Simikot, NE Malikasthan, 3800 – 3400 m, coniferous-oak-forest, 8. VII. 2001, leg. A. Kopetz (CKOP).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0315FF90FF2FFB1CFC6F1470.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.0 – 3.6 mm. Colour and microsculpture: As described in the nominotypical form. Head: As described in the nominotypical form. Pronotum: Proportions relatively variable: WP / LP = 1.30 – 1.42, WP / WPB = 1.35 – 1.47, WP / WH = 1.26 – 1.28, WE / WP = 1.44 – 1.54. Hind angles slightly obtuse or rectangular. In all other characters agreeing with the nominotypical form. Elytra: Oval, with sides convexly rounded throughout, and with shoulders more indistinct; proportion WE / LE = 1.47 – 1.53. Outer striae more strongly reduced, with fifth stria hardly visible, and with striae VI and VII completely reduced. In all other characters agreeing with the nominotypical form. Male genitalia: As described in the nominotypical form.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0315FF90FF2FFB1CFC6F1470.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific epithet is referring to a village near the type locality (Malikasthan); adjective. Identification: This subspecies differs from the nominotypical form mainly by the more strongly reduced outer elytral striae, whereas the sixth stria is absent but present although faintly impressed in T. stratiotes s. str. Moreover, the latter subspecies has the pronotal hind angles little more pointed and the elytral sides less convex rounded at the end of the basal elytral third as in T. stratiotes malikasthana ssp. n.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0315FF90FF2FFB1CFC6F1470.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 98. Higher parts of the mountain range between rivers Humla Karnali in the East and Kuwadi Khola in the west on south eastern macro slope of Saipal Himal, Far Western Nepal: Up to now only known from slopes above Malikasthan. Habitat: Presumably as in the nominotypical form, see above.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0312FF90FF2FFE16FBC011FE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Head with frontal furrows deep, + / - strongly curved at middle, not flattened at level of hind suborbital pore. Frons and supraorbital areas strongly convex. Temples smooth. Mandibles relatively long. Pronotum with hind angles well produced, and with outer fifth of base more strongly curved anteriorly. Pronotal basal transverse depression diffuse limited towards disc; laterobasal foveae deeply developed. Pronotal median line distinct, deeper near base. Hind wings reduced to small stubs. Humerus broadly rounded. Each elytron with parascutellar seta, preapical seta and two discal setae on third interval, with anterior discal seta located on stria III at the end of the anterior elytral quarter, and with middle dorsal seta located on stria III somewhat behind elytral middle. Stria VIII slightly or moderately impressed from level of the fifth umbilicate pore backwards and more deeply impressed at levels of seventh and eighth pores, but often interrupted in middle between sixth and seventh pore. Recurrent elytral preapical sulcus deeply impressed and directed to the end of the seventh stria. Ventral surface smooth. Legs short, with thick femora and thin tibia and tarsi; protibiae slightly dilated towards apices, hardly bowed, without a longitudinal groove on external surface. Two basal protarsi of male dilated, dentoid at the inner apical border. Aedeagal median lobe remarkably stout, with basal bulb average and slightly bent downwards, with basal velum well developed and with terminal lamella short, not hooked at tip. Internal sac with a strongly sclerotized portion below median lobe ostium (copulatory piece); ostium densely covered with strongly sclerotized longitudinal bands. Parameres moderately short, broad at tip, with left paramere slightly longer than right one, both with four relatively short setae at tip. Species included: Monotypic: T. rolwalingensis sp. n. (Central Nepal).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0312FF91FF2FFAACFD491374.taxon	description	(Figs. 10, 63, 64, 83)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0312FF91FF2FFAACFD491374.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ NEPAL Rolwaling Vall., Yarlung Ri base camp 4600 – 4800 m, 16. – 18.9.1999 lg. Schmidt ” (SMNS). Paratypes: 18 males, 11 females, with same label data as holotype (BMNH, CKAB, CSCHM, CWR, MNHN, SMNS); 1 male, Nepal, Rolwaling Valley, Na vill. [village] 4000 – 4100 m, 16. IX. 1999, leg. J. Schmidt (CSCHM); 13 males, 16 females, ditto, but: Na to Yarlung Ri base camp 4200 – 4900 m, 23. V. 2000, leg. J. Schmidt (CSCHM); 1 female, ditto, but: Na to Tso Rolpa lake, 4200 – 4400 m, 21. V. 2000, leg. J. Schmidt (CSCHM); 2 males, 1 female, ditto, but: Tsho Rolpa, 4400 m, 21. V. 2000, leg. J. Schmidt (CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0312FF91FF2FFAACFD491374.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.2 – 3.7 mm. Colour: Dorsal surface dark brown, shiny; palpi, scapus, pedicellus, anterior half of antennal segment III and legs light brown. Microsculpture: Head with moderately engraved isodiametric meshes on supraorbital area, neck and in frontal furrows (x 40 – 50). Pronotum with more faintly engraved slightly transverse meshes on disc (x 80) but more deeply impressed almost isodiametric meshes in basal depressions. Elytral disc with faintly engraved narrow and more strongly transverse meshes (x 100). Head: Broad, with eyes small and slightly protruding; temples 2 / 3 – 3 / 4 of length of eyes and strongly wrinkled to the neck. Antennae short, 1.5 – 2 antennomeres extend beyond the pronotal base. Antennomere III is as long as or slightly longer than antennomere II, antennomere IV is slightly shorter (5 / 6 – 6 / 7) as antennomere III. Pronotum: Large and transverse, subcordate, strongly contracted towards base; proportions: WP / LP = 1.31 – 1.39, WP / WPB = 1.36 – 1.42, WP / WH = 1.31 – 1.38, WE / WP = 1.53 – 1.59. Surface strongly convex. Sides convexly rounded in anterior 3 / 4 and curtly concave anterad of hind angles; the latter small but rectangular, seldom slightly obtuse. Marginal gutter moderately narrow, slightly widened anterad of laterobasal depressions. Base rectilinear or weakly convex, slightly curved anteriorly at outer fifth; basal depressions with fine longitudinal wrinkles both sides of pronotal middle. Elytra: Broad oval, broadest little behind mid-length, with proportion WE / LE = 1.36 – 1.41. Surface strongly convex, not flattened on disc. Shoulders rounded, indistinct. Striae impunctate, first and second striae fully deep impressed, third striae somewhat shallower and reduced at base and extreme apex, fourth stria indistinct and striae V – VII completely reduced. Second and third interval strongly convex. Preapical seta is located in the third interval often close to the second stria and, in most specimens, at the beginning of the posterior elytral seventh, but in some specimens located slightly anteriorly (up to the beginning of the posterior fifth). Male genitalia: Aedeagal median lobe moderately short (LE / LA = 2.87 – 3.00), with ventral side almost straight in middle, and with terminal lamella slightly bent downwards; the latter shortly bill-like in lateral and in dorsal view. Copulatory piece of internal sac relatively complex as shown in Fig. 63.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0312FF91FF2FFAACFD491374.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name is derived from the type locality, the Rolwaling Valley (adjective). Identification: Within the Trechus fauna of Tibet and Himalaya this new species is easily to recognize by its unique male genitalia characters, especially by the external shape of the aedeagal median lobe, by the strongly sclerotized median lobe ostium, and the extraordinary form of the copulatory piece. Relationships: Due to the large and more strongly transverse pronotum with deep laterobasal foveae, the broader oval elytra with more strongly reduced lateral striae, and due to the general shape of the copulatory piece with broader basal portion and thorn-like or needle-like distal portion, T. rolwalingensis sp. n. seems to be member of the species diverse Central Himalayan group of T. tosioi Uéno, 1972 (which, after a preliminary study, includes T. breuningi Morvan, 1972, T. gorkhai Schmidt, 1998, T. gurungi Schmidt, 1998, T. lamjunensis Schmidt, 1994, T. namunlaensis Schmidt, 1998, and T. tamangi Schmidt, 1998). However, the male genitalia characters of the new species are so striking that a more detailed character study of the Himalayan Trechus fauna is needed before further conclusions can be drawn.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0312FF91FF2FFAACFD491374.taxon	distribution	Distribution and geographical variation: Fig. 98. High Himalaya of Central Nepal: The nominotypical form is distributed in the upper Rolwaling Valley between Solu Khumbu Massif in the South and Rolwaling Himal in the North. A form somewhat differing in external morphology was found in the western Rolwaling Valley and will be described as a separate subspecies below. Habitat: Vertical distribution approximately 3600 – 4600 m, from the cloud forests of the higher parts of the high montane zone (“ Obere Nebelwaldstufe ” sensu Miehe, 1991) up to the meadows of the lower alpine zone. In the cloud forests the specimens were sifted from leaf litter, and in the subalpine and alpine zones they were found under stones on humid slopes.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0313FF92FF2FF912FB841794.taxon	description	(Fig. 11)	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0313FF92FF2FF912FB841794.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male, with label data “ NEPAL Rolwaling Himal, N Daldung La 38 – 4000 m, 27.5.00 leg. J. Schmidt ” (SMNS). Paratypes: 158 specimens (males, females), with same label data as holotype (BMNH, CKAB, CSCHM, CWR, NMBE, SMNS); 1 male, Nepal, Rolwaling Himal, Daldung La N-slope, 3500 – 3600 m, 25. V. 2000, leg. J. Schmidt (CSCHM).	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0313FF92FF2FF912FB841794.taxon	description	Description: Body length: 3.2 – 3.8 mm. Colour and microsculpture: As described in the nominotypical form. Head: As described in the nominotypical form. Pronotum: Proportions: WP / LP = 1.30 – 1.36, WP / WPB = 1.35 – 1.39, WP / WH = 1.30 – 1.40, WE / WP = 1.53 – 1.57. Hind angles pointed, distinctly bent outwards. In all other characters agreeing with the nominotypical form. Elytra: Proportion WE / LE = 1.38 – 1.41. In all other characters agreeing with the nominotypical form. Male genitalia: As described in the nominotypical form.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0313FF92FF2FF912FB841794.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific epithet is referring to the type locality (Daldung La); adjective. Identification: This subspecies differs from the nominotypical form by having the pronotal hind angles more acute and distinctly bent outwards.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
733A87FA0313FF92FF2FF912FB841794.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Fig. 98. Up to now only known from the north slope of the pass Daldung La, western Rolwaling Valley, Central Nepal Himalaya. Habitat: The specimens were found under stones on subalpine meadows and were sifted from leaf litter in the cloud forests of the high montane zone at altitudes between 3600 – 4000 m.	en	Schmidt, Joachim (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) 2178. Zootaxa 2178 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2178.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2178.1.1
