identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
727987BBFFB6D31FFF11F0E0FE1EFC8B.text	727987BBFFB6D31FFF11F0E0FE1EFC8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanka Maulik	<div><p>Genus Lanka Maulik</p> <p>(Figs 1–35, 38–56)</p> <p>Lanka Maulik, 1926: 284, 304 (type species L. brunnea Maulik, 1926, Sri Lanka, by original designation). ― Chen, 1936: 630. ― Heikertinger &amp; Csiki in Junk, 1940: 528. ― Samuelson, 1969: 34. ― Scherer, 1969: 5, 14, 233. ― Seeno &amp; Wilcox, 1982: 145. ― Kimoto &amp; Takizawa, 1994: 46, 70, 243, 337, 398, 412, 502. ― Kimoto &amp; Chu, 1996: 110–111. ― Kimoto &amp; Takizawa, 1997: 248, 326, 409. ― Kimoto, 2000: 109, 205–206, 297.</p> <p>Horaia Chûjo, 1935: 357 (type species H. nigra Chûjo, 1937, Taiwan, by original designation). ― 1937: 57. ― Chûjo &amp; Ohno, 1961: 1, 2. ― Heikertinger &amp; Csiki in Junk, 1940: 528. ― Kimoto, 1965: 403; 1966: 615. ― Samuelson, 1967: 141. ― Seeno &amp; Wilcox, 1982: 145. ― Kimoto &amp; Takizawa, 1994: 337 (synonymised). ― Konstantinov &amp; Vandenberg, 1996: 271, 320–322.</p> <p>Dentisterna Medvedev, 1993: 53 (type species D. bicolor Medvedev, 1993, Mindanao, by original designation). ― Konstantinov &amp; Vandenberg, 1996: 320 (synonymised).</p> <p>Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, China, Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines and the Solomon Islands.</p> <p>Host plants. Piper spp. (Piperaceae) and Magnolia sp. (Magnoliaceae) (Chûjo &amp; Ohno, 1961).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Length 2–4 mm. Vertex unusually convex. Orbit and interantennal space narrow. Orbital sulcus deep, wide, close to eye, reaching posterior margin of eye. Antennal calli unusual, distinctly depressed, separated from each other by frontal ridge, oblique, anterior end partially entering into interantennal space. Frontal ridge narrow, sharply raised, proximally joining vertex. Anterofrontal ridge triangular, flat anteriorly. Labrum with a row of four setiferous pores. Maxillary palp with penultimate palpomere incrassate. Pronotum without impressions, posterior margin bisinuate. Anterior coxal cavities open behind. Elytral punctures shallow, forming regular to semiregular striae. Metasternum with posterior margin bisinuate, raised on either side of middle forming a pair of protuberances distally. Metatibia characteristically curved, with ends towards lateral sides in dorsal view, dorsally flat and distinctly margined on either side. First metatarsomere slightly longer than half of metatibia, tarsal articulation on well developed callosity visible in lateral view. First abdominal ventrite medially with a pair of subparallel ridges joining anteriorly. Spermatheca with long coiled duct. Vaginal palpi appear separate in dissections, without anterior or posterior sclerotization.</p> <p>Description. Body of medium size, length 2–4 mm, broadly oblong, moderately convex in lateral view (Figs 13, 36). Color non-metallic yellow, brown, red or black.</p> <p>Head unusual being distinctly depressed between eye and vertex, hypognathous, not exerted. Vertex convex, much raised above depressed portion posterior to eye as well as antennal callus (Fig. 14). In lateral view, line formed by frons and vertex concave to straight in middle. Supraorbital pore situated between lateral edge of vertex and orbital sulcus, with a brightly colored, shiny, moniliform tubercle bearing a short upcurved seta, with minute setiferous pores anterolaterally. Midcranial suture absent. Supracallinal sulcus distinct, shallow, curved, obscured by anterior edge of vertex. Midfrontal and suprafrontal sulci absent as frontal ridge joins vertex. Supraantennal sulcus weakly developed. Supraorbital sulcus wider and deeper than supracallinal and supraantennal sulci. Orbital sulcus deep, wide, close to eye, reaching posterior margin of eye. Orbit narrow, slightly wider than half of transverse diameter of antennal socket. Eye moderately large, vertical diameter more than horizontal, inner margins subparallel, indistinctly concave near antennal socket. Subgenal suture distinct. Distance between eyes 3.3–4.0 times diameter of one antennal socket. Distance between antennal sockets 0.8–1.3 times wider than transverse diameter of one antennal socket. Transverse diameter of one antennal socket 1.6–4.0 times distance between eye and adjacent socket. Distance between antennal sockets 2.2–4.0 times distance between adjacent antennal socket and eye. Antennal callus unusual, distinctly depressed, oblique, spindle shaped, anteromedial end partially entering into interantennal space, posterior margin distinctly depressed compared to adjacent margin of vertex; vertex, frontal ridge much raised compared to antennal calli. Frontal ridge moderately long, proximally joins vertex, extremely narrow, raised like a sharp blade between antennal sockets. Anterofrontal ridge triangular, flat anteriorly, laterally raised. Frontoclypeal suture with a row of short as well as long setae. Labrum with transverse row of four setiferous pores besides a pair of tiny sensilla each placed lateral to middle pair of setiferous pores (Fig. 15); apical margin concave with seven sensilla on each side in L. ramakrishnai and L. sahyadriensis; torma long; externally visible part of labrum about two times wider than long. Mandible palmate with five denticles (Fig. 16). Maxilla in L. ramakrishnai with lacinia wider than galea, cardo slightly longer than stipes (Fig. 17). Maxillary palp with palpomeres 2–4 subequal in length; third incrassate, about as wide as long; fourth conical, pointed; sensilla patch of last maxillary palpomere wider than long with about 10–12 embedded sensilla in L. ramakrishnai as well as L. sahyadriensis. Labium in L. ramakrishnai with three palpomeres per palpus, second longest, prementum with a pair of long setae in middle (Fig. 18). Antenna 11 segmented, filiform, reaches proximal 1/3 to beyond middle of elytron. First antennomere thick, slightly shorter than two times length of second; second slightly thinner than first; third slender, subequal to first or slightly longer; last asymmetrical.</p> <p>Pronotum 1.4–1.6 times wider than long, convex, without antebasal transverse impression, disc with minute as well as small punctures, anterior margin straight, posterior margin bisinuate; lateral margin curved, widest in middle. Anterolateral callosity convex to slightly concave, anteriorly higher than posteriorly, seta bearing pore on dorsal posterior face, nearly as long as 1/3 of lateral margin including anterolateral callosity. Posterolateral callosity longer than width of lateral margin, seta bearing pore on lateral face. Seta on both anterolateral and posterolateral callosities separately as long as lateral margin including anterolateral callosity. Anterior coxal cavities open behind. Prosternum 1.5–3.6 times longer than width of intercoxal prosternal process, length of prosternum 3.0–9.4 times distance between anterior margin of prosternum to procoxal cavity. Intercoxal prosternal process extending beyond procoxa, convexly arched in lateral view, slightly narrowed in middle with characteristic depression posteriorly, rest of top nearly flat, posteriorly widened, apical margin convex (Fig. 21). Proendosternites in L. ramakrishnai as well as L. sahyadriensis relatively short, transverseoblique, top bluntly angulate (Fig. 23). Mesoscutum with well developed internal ridges, mesoscutellum flat with narrowly rounded apex (Fig. 19). Mesosternum with raised lateral margin, depressed on top, posterior margin concave (Fig. 22). Mesosternum 0.6–1.2 times longer than width of intercoxal part, length of mesosternum 1.3–2.7 times distance between anterior margin of mesosternum to mesocoxal cavity. Mesendosternite in L. ramakrishnai as well as L. sahyadriensis slightly narrowed at base, rectangular in middle, narrowing apically, not connecting with mesepisternomeral ridge (Fig. 24). Metanotum fully developed with allocrista as long as medial groove in L. ramakrishnai and L. sahyadriensis (Fig.20). Metasternum with posterior margin bisinuate, raised on either side of middle forming a pair of distinct protuberances distally, much raised above level of first abdominal sternite; anterior margin arched, sharply raised (Fig. 22). Metasternum 1.3–2.4 times longer than prosternum. Metendosternite in L. ramakrishnai and L. sahyadriensis with stalk slightly shorter than wide, arms with fully developed ridges, tendons of meso-metafurcal muscles poorly developed (Fig. 25).</p> <p>Elytron with sides convex, humeral callus well developed with weak depression posteriorly, apex convex forming obtuse angle with sutural margin. Epipleuron nearly horizontal, extends beyond 4/5, not reaching apex, maximum width of epipleuron subequal to or slightly less than that of mesofemur; width of mesocoxal cavity about 1.5–2.0 times width of epipleuron. Ventral surface of elytron with three patches of sensilla in L. ramakrishnai and L. sahyadriensis: anterior as well as middle sensilla patch near lateral margin; anterior sensilla patch nearly circular; middle oblong, longer than anterior patch; third near posterior end of sutural margin, narrow, oblong; apex with sensilla stripe. Elytral punctures shallow, small, larger than those on pronotum, forming regular to semiregular striae, indistinct posteriorly, each puncture with a microseta visible under high power, interstices flat, minutely punctured. Hind wings well developed, venation complete (Fig. 26).</p> <p>Pro- and mesotibiae without apical spine. Forefemur slightly shorter than or subequal to foretibia. Mesofemur shorter than mesotibia. Foretibia gradually widening from base to apex, dorsal surface convex. First protarsomere slightly wider in male than in female, ventrally flat, ventral side without setae in male. Second protarsomere narrower than first, as short as half of first. Third protarsomere shorter than first, slightly longer than second, bilobed, with feather shaped setae arranged in transverse semiregular rows ventrally. Last protarsomere about two times as long as third, claw shorter than half of claw tarsomere; appendix of claw broader than long, with an incision between claw and appendix. Metafemora greatly incrassate with maximum width at proximal 1/3 to 1/4. Metatibia characteristically curved, with ends towards lateral sides in dorsal view; gradually widening from proximal end to distal end, dorsal surface smooth, without setae, more or less flat, distinctly margined on either side; lateral margin of dorsal surface of metatibia with a regular row of thick bristles in about distal 1/2 to 2/5, mesal margin with such bristles in about distal 1/5; tarsal articulation on well developed callosity visible in lateral view; proximal to tarsal articulation a circular concavity with a broad, flat, triangular denticle on each side. Metatibial spine about as long as claw or slightly longer, thicker than claw; articulated at middle of apex. First metatarsomere slightly longer than half of metatibia as well as other tarsomeres combined, straight in lateral view, gradually widening from proximal end to distal end; ventral side densely setose, setae being hair like, different from those on dorsal side. Second metatarsomere as long as half of first or slightly shorter. Third metatarsomere about half as long as second or slightly longer. Ventral side of second metatarsomere with hair like setae, ventral side of third metatarsomere with feather like setae.</p> <p>First abdominal ventrite slightly longer than next three combined, medially with a pair of characteristic, subparallel ridges joining anteriorly in intercoxal region and inverted U-shaped (Figs 4, 27, 38, 39). Third and fourth abdominal ventrites together equal to or shorter than fifth. Posterior margin of last visible abdominal ventrite in male bisinuate or nearly so with a distinct lobe in middle, entire in female (Figs 5, 28, 40). Last visible tergite of female 1.3–1.7 times wider than long, with a deep, incomplete median longitudinal groove not reaching distal margin.</p> <p>Spermatheca with distinct pump, receptacle and duct; pump with horizontal part longer than vertical; receptacle 2.5–3.5 times longer than wide, narrowed towards duct; duct forms obtuse to acute angle with receptacle, longer than receptacle, highly coiled or folded, distal end pointed towards receptacle. Vaginal palpi unique, weakly connected or appear separate in dissections, lacks distinct anterior or posterior sclerotization, with setae near apex slightly shorter than two times maximum width of a palpus, lateral and medial margins do not form angle at apex. Tignum channeled along middle, anteriorly widened, flat, posterior membranous area wider than long with a row of fine setae along posterior margin. Median lobe of aedeagus with proximal end deeply cleft in ventral view, ventral surface convex, depressed preapically; in lateral view moderately curved with acutely narrowed, more or less recurved apex; distal opening partially covered by membrane with two or three sclerotized laminae (Figs 2, 3, 6–8, 29–31, 41–48). Tegmen with stem longer than or subequal to arm (Figs 9, 32, 44).</p> <p>Sexual dimorphism. The posterior margin of last visible abdominal ventrite (S VII) in male is bisinuate (see Figs 5, 28 &amp; 40) with a distinct lobe in middle but is entire in female. The first protarsomere is slightly wider in male than in female. In some cases, first mesotarsomere is also similarly widened. But this character is unreliable for differentiating sexes, as it is variable and difficult to make out. The ventral side of first protarsomere in male lacks seta but has at least minute setae in female.</p> <p>Remarks. Lanka belongs to a group of genera with a pair of subparallel ridges along the middle of first abdominal ventrite and characteristically curved metatibia with flat dorsal surface. This unique group, probably monophyletic, is represented in the Indian subcontinent by Bikasha Maulik, Lankaphthona Medvedev, Philogeus Jacoby and Tegyrius Jacoby besides Lanka. All other Oriental flea beetle genera can be separated from Lanka by the structure of the head. Depressed antennal calli, and the sharply raised frontal ridge, which is extremely narrow between antennal sockets, joining vertex proximally, are the salient features of Lanka. Another interesting feature of Lanka is the vaginal palpus that lacks distinct anterior or posterior sclerotization. Lanka closely resembles Philogeus, but the antennal callus in Philogeus is indistinct and its posterior margin is not distinctly depressed compared to adjacent margin of vertex while the posterior margin of antennal callus in Lanka is distinctly depressed imparting a completely sunken appearance. Philogeus has a well developed antebasal transverse impression on the prothorax that Lanka lacks. All the species of Indian Lanka have a convoluted, long spermathecal duct while at least three undescribed species of Philogeus from India that were studied, possess a short, uncoiled spermathecal duct. In India and Sri Lanka, the species of Lanka feed on Piper spp. (Piperaceae), whereas Philogeus feeds on Menispermaceae plants. Tegyrius, also Piperaceae feeder, resembles Lanka in several respects. But Tegyrius can be separated from Lanka based on the structure of the head and female genitalia. The frontal ridge in Tegyrius is wider than in Lanka and is separated from vertex by antennal calli and does not join vertex proximally (frontal ridge proximally joins vertex in Lanka separating antennal calli). Midfrontal sulcus is well developed in Tegyrius but is absent in Lanka. Unlike in Lanka, the antennal calli are not depressed but are as high as the vertex in Tegyrius. The vaginal palpus has distinct anterior and posterior sclerotizations in Tegyrius that are absent in Lanka. Frontal ridge in Bikasha is narrowed anteriorly, but widened anteriorly in all the above mentioned genera. In Bikasha, the anterofrontal ridge is poorly developed and is flat. In all other genera of the group the anterofrontal ridge is triangular and forms a laterally raised ridge. Midfrontal and suprafrontal sulci are well developed in Bikasha while they are absent in Lanka. Lankaphthona and Bikasha are distinct from other genera of the group in having six setiferous pores on the labrum. Lankaphthona is similar to Philogeus in having the sulci delimiting the antennal calli indistinct. These genera can be separated by the key given below.</p> <p>This study bridges the gap in earlier known distribution of species of Lanka between Philippines and Sri Lanka in the Oriental Region. All Indian species of Lanka can be differentiated from the type species L. brunnea Maulik from Sri Lanka, (the holotype, (Fig.1) which was examined), by the black head and pronotum (head and pronotum either yellowish brown, light brown or red in Indian Lanka) and the structure of the aedeagus (Figs 2, 3) which is greatly broadened preapically in ventral view (aedeagus is narrowed preapically in Indian species in ventral view). Specimens from Udawattekele Sanctuary in Sri Lanka identified as L. brunnea by Kimoto (2003) were also examined, and they belong to a species of Tegyrius similar to L. brunnea in coloring and lacking the antebasal transverse impression. Holotype of Lanka octogona (Bechynè) was examined. Antennal calli are contiguous and not depressed in this species. L. octogona is not included in the key as this is unlikely to be a member of Lanka. The specimen from Kandy in Sri Lanka named as L. brunnea by Bechynè (1954) on examination was found to be misidentified.</p> <p>The space enclosed between the subparallel ridges on the first abdominal ventrite was often found to harbor phoretic mites (Acarina).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/727987BBFFB6D31FFF11F0E0FE1EFC8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prathapan, K. D.;Viraktamath, C. A.	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2008): The flea beetle genus Lanka (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in India with descriptions of three new species and notes on the identity of the pollu beetle infesting black pepper, Piper nigrum. Zootaxa 1681 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1681.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1681.1.1
727987BBFFB2D31CFF11F544FE7FFC93.text	727987BBFFB2D31CFF11F544FE7FFC93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanka aruna Prathapan & Viraktamath 2008	<div><p>Lanka aruna New species</p> <p>(Figs 4–12, 54)</p> <p>Distribution. India (Kerala).</p> <p>Host plants. Piper trioicum Roxb. (Piperaceae) (Figs 62, 63).</p> <p>Description. Head, pronotum, elytron, sternites bright brick red. General color of antennae and legs piceous; labrum, basal two or three antennomeres, apex of last antennomere, distal one or two tarsomeres dark brown. All coxae, trochanters reddish brown. Distal palpomere of maxilla and apex of all femora brown.</p> <p>Vertex minutely punctate with a few moderate sized punctures. In lateral view, out line of vertex and frons forms a straight line. Supraantennal sulcus slightly weaker than supracallinal sulcus. Antennal callus dis- tinctly high near post callinal sulcus than near supraantennal sulcus. Anterofrontal ridge with a denticle in middle. Labrum with middle two setiferous pores being closer to each other than to lateral ones. Antenna reaches proximal 1/3 of elytron. Antennomeres 3–6 subequal, seventh distinctly longer than sixth; 8–10 each slightly shorter than preceding one; tenth subequal to sixth; 11 th slightly longer than first, distinctly longer than tenth; fourth onwards antennomeres thickened, distal 5–6 antennomeres distinctly wider than first antennomere.</p> <p>Pronotum uniformly punctate with lateral margin anteriorly wider than posteriorly. Anterolateral callosity convex, slightly longer than 1/3 of lateral margin including anterolateral callosity. Posterolateral callosity with one or two minute setae on ventral side. Prosternum 1.5 times longer than width of intercoxal prosternal process, length of prosternum 3.0 times distance between anterior margin of prosternum to procoxal cavity. Intercoxal prosternal process with raised rim along posterior as well as lateral margins, distally depressed with a ridge in middle. Mesoscutellum wider than long, minutely punctate. Mesosternum 0.6 times longer than width of intercoxal part, length of mesosternum 1.3 times distance between anterior margin of mesosternum to mesocoxal cavity. Mesosternum appear highly depressed as flat on top with sharply raised lateral and posterior margins. Metasternum 2.4 times longer than prosternum. First protarsomere in female ventrally with long setae different from those on dorsal side. Elytra with maximum width in proximal 1/3, punctures semi-regular, two lateral rows distinct, rest uncountable; distance between punctures of adjacent rows in middle of elytron 1–4 times diameter of a puncture. Metatibia straight in lateral view, gradually widening from proximal end to distal 3/4, slightly narrowing there after, widest point being nearly two times as wide as proximal end; in dorsal view, maximum width at distal 1/4, dorsal surface convex in proximal 1/6, about flat till middle, gradually becoming concave thereafter with callosity distally. Lateral margin higher than mesal margin in middle 1/3. Second metatarsomere shorter than half of first, slightly shorter than two times length of third; claw tarsomere about two times as long as third. All metatarsomeres together slightly longer than metatibia. Longitudinal ridges on first abdominal ventrite reach up to half of its length, diverge in middle, slightly converge distally (Fig. 4).</p> <p>Spermathecal pump with horizontal part about two times longer than vertical, narrowing to apex, apex hooked, widest at proximal 1/3. Receptacle 3.5 times longer than wide, slightly shorter than two times length of pump, widest near pump, gradually narrowing towards duct, outer side concave, inner side convex, duct forms acute angle with receptacle, nearly three times as long as receptacle, folded twice (Fig. 11). Vaginal palpi appear separate in dissection, slightly more sclerotised along mesal margin which is widest proximally, narrowing towards apex, curved, medial margin concave in distal 2/3, transversely wrinkled proximally (Fig. 10). Tignum with posterior sclerotization wider towards posterior margin (Fig. 12). Aedeagus robust, slightly widened near posterior 1/ 3 in ventral view; with acute, distinctly recurved apex in lateral view (Figs 6–8).</p> <p>Measurements (n=5). Length: 3.23–3.57 (3.37), width: 2.05–2.24 (2.15), length of pronotum: 0.91– 1.01 (0.93), width of pronotum: 1.41–1.60 (1.47), width across eyes: 0.91–1.03 (0.97), transverse diameter of one eye: 0.32–0.33 (0.33), distance between eyes: 0.41–0.47 (0.45), distance between eye and antennal socket: 0.03–0.05 (0.04), distance between antennal sockets: 0.10–0.19 (0.15), diameter of one antennal socket: 0.10– 0.12 (0.11), length of aedeagus: 0.51, length of receptacle: 0.16, length of vaginal palpi: 0.40.</p> <p>Types. Holotype ♂. Labels 1) INDIA: Kerala: Ponmudi 10.V.2003 Prathapan Coll. 2) Lanka aruna sp. nov. Prathapan &amp; Viraktamath, 2005 3) Holotype (BMNH).</p> <p>Paratypes (4 specimens). 2♂, 2 ♀. Arippa, 8.ii.2004 (Prathapan) (1 PKDC, 1 PNC, 1 UASB, 1 USNM).</p> <p>Etymology. ‘Aruna’ means red in Malayalam, the language spoken in the state where the type locality is situated, and refers to the color of the species. The species name is a noun in apposition.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This distinct species can be differentiated from the other Indian species by its red dorsum and black antenna. Antenna in L. aruna is thicker and reaches 1/3 of elytron when extended over pronotum (thin and longer in the other two species). Antennal calli are rather transverse in L. aruna while they are obliquely placed in the other Indian species. Frontal ridge in L. aruna is wider between antennal sockets and the vertical carina on anterofrontal ridge is indistinct compared to other species. Transversely wrinkled vaginal palpi and a robust aedeagus are the other distinct features of this species.</p> <p>Remarks. L. aruna is also the largest species of the genus in India and is probably confined to the lower reaches of Agasthyamalai hills located at the southern end of Western Ghats (Fig. 67) where endemism is frequent (Nayar, 1996).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/727987BBFFB2D31CFF11F544FE7FFC93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prathapan, K. D.;Viraktamath, C. A.	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2008): The flea beetle genus Lanka (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in India with descriptions of three new species and notes on the identity of the pollu beetle infesting black pepper, Piper nigrum. Zootaxa 1681 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1681.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1681.1.1
727987BBFFBFD316FF11F38AFCDDFFB3.text	727987BBFFBFD316FF11F38AFCDDFFB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanka ramakrishnai Prathapan & Viraktamath 2008	<div><p>Lanka ramakrishnai New species</p> <p>(Figs 13–35, 55)</p> <p>Longitarsus nigripennis (Motschulsky, 1866): Ramakrishna Ayyar, 1919 (misidentification); Maulik, 1926 (misidentification); Scherer, 1969 (misidentification).</p> <p>Lanka bicolor (Chûjô): Doeberl, 2003 (misidentification).</p> <p>Distribution. India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu).</p> <p>Host plants. P. nigrum L. (Figs 59, 60) and P. trioicum Roxb. (Figs 62, 63).</p> <p>Description. Head, antennae, prothorax, fore and middle legs, hind tibiae and tarsi brown; under side and hind femora dark brown to shining black; scutellum brownish black, elytra shining black.</p> <p>Vertex minutely punctate without moderate sized punctures. In lateral view, vertex and frons form a concave line. Supraantennal sulcus apparently stronger than supracallinal sulcus. Antennal calli slightly high near postcallinal sulcus than near supraantennal sulcus. Anterofrontal ridge with a weak vertical carina along middle. Labrum with distance between middle two setiferous pores being less than distance between lateral pairs (found to vary in a few specimens where the distance between the middle pairs equal to or more than that between lateral ones). Antenna reaches slightly beyond half of elytron; fourth antennomere slightly shorter than third; fifth to seventh subequal, slightly longer than fourth; antennomeres 8–10 each slightly shorter than preceding one; 11 th subequal to first in length, subequal to or longer than tenth; distal one or two antennomeres slightly wider than first.</p> <p>Pronotum with stronger punctures posteriorly, lateral margin anteriorly wider than posteriorly. Anterolateral callosity convex, as long as 1/3 of lateral margin including anterolateral callosity. Posterolateral callosity without minute setae on ventral side. Prosternum 2.5 times longer than width of intercoxal prosternal process, length of prosternum 6.2 times distance between anterior margin of prosternum to procoxal cavity. Intercoxal prosternal process with slightly raised lateral, posterior margins, preapically with a pair of depres- sions separated by a longitudinal ridge. Mesoscutellum wider than long, impunctate, minutely granulose. Mesosternum 0.9 times longer than width of intercoxal part, length of mesosternum 2.7 times distance between anterior margin of mesosternum to mesocoxal cavity. Mesosternum with raised lateral margin, posterior margin slightly raised, depressed in middle. Metasternum 1.3 times longer than prosternum. First protarsomere ventrally with sparse, pointed, minute setae in female. Elytron with maximum width at anterior 1/3, punctures arranged in regular rows distinct till distal 3/4, distance between two adjacent rows 4–7 times diameter of a puncture in middle of disc. Metatibia indistinctly curved in lateral view, gradually widening from proximal end to slightly beyond half of it, then narrowing again. In dorsal view, maximum width at distal 1/3. Dorsal surface convex in proximal 1/4, rest of it more or less concave; lateral edge much higher than mesal edge in middle, metatibial spine slightly longer than claw, thicker than claw; second metatarsomere slightly shorter than half of first, slightly shorter than two times length of third; claw tarsomere slightly shorter than two times length of third. All metatarsomeres together slightly shorter than metatibia. Ridges on first abdominal ventrite extend beyond 2/3, converge distally, nearly parallel sided in middle (Fig. 27).</p> <p>Spermatheca with pump smoothly curved, horizontal part slightly longer than vertical, bluntly pointed; receptacle narrowed towards duct in distal 1/4, outer side slightly concave, inner side convex, length slightly more than two times width; duct makes three s-curves not clearly visible in lateral view (Fig. 34); proximal 1/ 4 th of vaginal palpus narrower, curved, medial margin slightly concave (Fig. 33). Tignum with arrow-head shaped posterior sclerotization narrowing distally (Fig. 35). Aedeagus in lateral view with slightly recurved apex; in ventral view gradually narrowed towards apex in distal 1/3 (Figs 29, 31).</p> <p>Measurements (n=10). Length: 2.28–2.71 (2.50), width: 1.45–1.73 (1.57), body length-width ratio: 1.52– 1.63 (1.59), length of pronotum: 0.73–0.88 (0.80), width of pronotum: 1.00–1.18 (1.08), width across eyes: 0.67–0.75 (0.70), transverse diameter of one eye: 0.25–0.27 (0.26); distance between eyes: 0.24–0.30 (0.27), distance between eye and antennal socket: 0.02–0.03 (0.02); distance between antennal sockets: 0.06–0.08 (0.08); diameter of one antennal socket: 0.07–0.09 (0.08), length of median lobe of aedeagus: 0.95, length of receptacle: 0.18, length of vaginal palpi: 0.27.</p> <p>Types. Holotype ♂. Labels 1) INDIA Kerala Vellayani 4. vi. 2005 Prathapan Coll. 2) Lanka ramakrishnai sp. nov. Prathapan &amp; Viraktamath, 2005 3) Holotype (BMNH).</p> <p>Paratypes (92 specimens). 10♂, 6 ♀ data as for holotype, 6♂, 6♀ data as holotype except the date 4.x.2002, 1♀ 28.x.2002, 2♂ 15.vii.2003, 6♂, 1♀ 25.v.2005; 2♂ Malabar Dt., Taliparamba, 20.ix- 4.x.-17 (=1917) (Ramakrishna); 1♂ Thekkady, 27.iii.1997 (B. Mallik); 3♂, 5 ♀ Trivandrum, 7. xii.1997 (Prathapan); 1♂ P. muzhy (= Peruvannamuzhy), 1.ii.1998 (Prathapan), 1♂ same data except the date 20-21.iv.2003; 2 ♀ Chengannur, 8. ix.1998 (Prathapan); 1♀ Kottarakkara, 26.xi.2000, ex. Piper nigrum (Prathapan); 3 ♀ Ponmudi, 29.ii. 2002 (Prathapan), 5♂, 5 ♀ Ponmudi, 29.ix.2002, ex Piper argyrophyllum (Prathapan); 1♂. Ala, 15.x.2002 (Prathapan); 2♂, 2 ♀ Eramallikkara, 16.x.2002 (Prathapan); 1 ♂ Munnar Top Station, 28.xi.2002 (Prathapan); 1♂ Munnar-Vattayar, 29.XI.2002 (Prathapan); 4♂, 1 ♀ Neyyar W. L. S. (=Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary), 12.ii.2004 (Prathapan); 2♂, 5 ♀ Periyar Tig. Res. (= Periyar Tiger Reserve), 15.ii.2004 (Prathapan); 3♂ Arippa, 12.vi.2005 (Prathapan); 3♂ Karnataka, 18 km S.Virajpet, Brahmagiri WildLife Sanctuary, 20.XI. 2003, 303m, N12°28'20" E75°42'30" (Konstantinov, Prathapan, Saluk). (8 BMNH, 50 PNC, 5 UASB, 2 USNM, 9 NHMB, 4 KUJ, 4 EUJ, 1 LMRC, 9 PKDC)</p> <p>Other material examined. 3 ♂, 1♀ Panniyoor, 1.i.1981; 4♂, 2♀. Kerala (No data) (BMNH); 6 ♂, 1♀ Western Ghats Tamil Nadu, 35 km SW Kodaikanal, 25-26. x. 2006, 2060 m Kukal (=Kookal) Shola (Prathapan) (PKDC).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after the well known pioneer Indian Entomologist, T. V. Ramakrishna Ayyar, who first discovered this species (identified for him as “ Longitarsus nigripennis ”) as a pest of black pepper and described its unique biology.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Lanka ramakrishnai is distinct from all other species of Indian Lanka in having a yellowish head and pronotum and black elytra.</p> <p>Remarks. T. V. Ramakrishna Ayyar, who first recorded this insect as a pest of black pepper at Taliparamba in northern Kerala in 1917, sent the specimens to the British Museum for naming (These specimens are here designated as paratypes.). G. A. K. Marshall, an authority on weevils working there, determined them as “ Longitarsus nigripennis ” based on the single sentence description by Motschulsky (1866) in French: “ A closely related but smaller species from the continent of India, T. nigripennis, Motsch., is very remarkable for its coloration, having the head and pronotum testaceous and the elytra black”. The genus Teinodactyla Chevrolat was later synonymised with Longitarsus Latreille by Weise, 1888. The type of Motschulsky’s T. nigripennis was neither accessible to Maulik (1926), who published the monumental work on leaf beetles in the Fauna of British India series, nor to Scherer (1969) who subsequently published a monograph on the flea beetles of the Indian subcontinent. Hence, both of them continued to use the name L. nigripennis as it had already gained popularity through literature as being the pollu beetle. Maulik (1926), Scherer (1969) and Medvedev (2000a) treated it as a species mistakenly placed in the genus Longitarsus.</p> <p>A study of Motschulsky’s type of T. nigripennis has ultimately led us to the correction of the misidentification of Marshall in 1917 and it is now shown that the pollu beetle infesting black pepper in south India is not “ nigripennis ”. Scherer (1969) has recorded L. ramakrishnai (as L. nigripennis) from Assam and Tamil Nadu. Record of L. ramakrishnai outside of south India needs confirmation. Extensive field work in Sri Lanka by one of us (PKD) did not yield L. ramakrishnai, although its host plant – P. nigrum – is common in the Island. Lanka bicolor (Chûjô) recorded by Doeberl (2003) from the pepper growing tracts near Kottayam in Kerala is undoubtedly L. ramakrishnai. L. bicolor has yellowish head and reddish pronotum (both head and pronotum are yellowish in L. ramakrishnai) and the third antennomere is only slightly longer than second (third antennomere almost two times as long as second in L. ramakrishnai). L. bicolor has a strongly punctate pronotum and elytron. Elytral punctures are larger than half the distance between two adjacent punctures, whereas they are much smaller in L. ramakrishnai. Besides the above external features, their geographical ranges are also separate. L. ramakrishnai was collected from sea level to an altitude of 2060 m above mean sea level. At higher altitudes of about 1000 m and above, it prefers P. trioicum to P. nigrum.</p> <p>This is the first report of pollu beetle on P. trioicum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/727987BBFFBFD316FF11F38AFCDDFFB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prathapan, K. D.;Viraktamath, C. A.	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2008): The flea beetle genus Lanka (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in India with descriptions of three new species and notes on the identity of the pollu beetle infesting black pepper, Piper nigrum. Zootaxa 1681 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1681.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1681.1.1
727987BBFFB9D308FF11F0FAFEF7FA53.text	727987BBFFB9D308FF11F0FAFEF7FA53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanka sahyadriensis Prathapan & Viraktamath 2008	<div><p>Lanka sahyadriensis New species</p> <p>(Figs 38–53, 56)</p> <p>Distribution. India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu).</p> <p>Host plants. Piper mullesua Buch. -Ham. (Figs 57, 58), P. nigrum (Figs 59, 60), P. pseudonigrum Velayudhan &amp; Amalraj (Fig. 61) and P. wightii Miq. (Figs 64–66).</p> <p>Description. General color brown; in some specimens frons piceous; elytral suture narrowly piceous, apex of hind femora piceous; scutellum, anterior margin of elytra narrowly dark brown; metathoracic sternite darker along margins.</p> <p>Vertex minutely punctate without moderate sized punctures. In lateral view, vertex and frons forms concave line. Supraantennal sulcus apparently stronger than supracallinal sulcus. Antennal callus not higher near postcallinal sulcus than near supraantennal sulcus. Anterofrontal ridge with a weak vertical carina along middle. Labrum with distance between middle two setiferous pores being slightly more than distance between lateral pairs. Antenna extending beyond half of elytra; fourth antennomere slightly shorter than third; fifth about longer than fourth; sixth slightly shorter than fifth; seventh antennomere distinctly longer than sixth; 7–10 gradually decrease in length; 11 th equal to or longer than tenth. Relative length of antennomeres vary. Antennomeres 3–5 slender, distal one or two antennomeres slightly wider than first.</p> <p>Pronotum with stronger punctures posteriorly, lateral margin anteriorly slightly narrower than posteriorly in specimens from Nilgiris, anteriorly as wide as posteriorly in other specimens. Anterolateral callosity convex, as long as 1/3 of lateral margin including anterolateral callosity. Posterolateral callosity without minute setae on ventral side. Prosternum 3.6 times longer than width of intercoxal prosternal process, length of prosternum 9.4 times distance between anterior margin of prosternum to procoxal cavity. Intercoxal prosternal process depressed preapically with a ridge along middle, indistinctly raised along lateral as well as posterior margins. Mesoscutellum as wide as long, impunctate, minutely granulose. Mesosternum 1.2 times longer than width of intercoxal part, length of mesosternum 2.4 times distance between anterior margin of mesosternum to mesocoxal cavity. Mesosternum with lateral margin raised, posterior margin not raised, anterior half depressed on top, posterior half raised on top. Metasternum 1.3 times longer than prosternum. First protarsomere in female ventrally with short seta. Elytron with maximum width at middle, punctures form regular rows, punctures gradually turn indistinct beyond half hence difficult to count rows; distance between two adjacent rows 2–5 times diameter of a puncture in middle of disc. Metatibia indistinctly curved in lateral view, gradually widening from proximal end to slightly beyond half of it, then again narrowing. In dorsal view, maximum width at distal 1/3. Dorsal surface convex in proximal 1/4, rest of it more or less concave; lateral edge much higher than mesal edge in distal half. Second metatarsomere as long as half of first, slightly shorter than two times length of third; claw tarsomere about two times as long as third. All metatarsomeres together slightly longer than metatibia. Ridges on first abdominal ventrite reach half of its length, diverge in middle, converge distally (Fig. 39).</p> <p>Shape of spermatheca vary considerably. Pump smoothly curved near middle at right angles; a short denticle present on apex of pump in specimens from Karnataka (Fig. 51), a well developed denticle present in specimens from Doddabetta Valley in Tamil Nadu (Fig. 52) but such denticle absent in specimens from Nadu- vattam in Tamil Nadu (Fig. 50); outer side distinctly concave in specimens from Karnataka, slightly concave to convex in specimens from Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu, inner side convex, more so in specimens from Karnataka; receptacle narrowed towards duct like a funnel in 3/4; duct originating at obtuse angle to long axis in specimens from Nilgiris, nearly at right angles to long axis in specimens from Karnataka, duct straight for some distance, thereafter curved, twisted five to six times; vaginal palpi narrowed from proximal end to about 1/3 rd of distance, then abruptly broadened; proximal end not curved as in L. ramakrishnai (Fig. 49). Tignum with arrow-head shaped posterior sclerotization narrowing distally, similar to that of L. ramakrishnai (Fig. 53). Shape of median lobe of aedeagus varies. In lateral view apex almost straight to recurved; ventral side with a longitudinal groove extending backwards from preapical depression evident in specimens from Nilgiri Hills, such a groove is absent in specimens from other localities (Figs 41–43, 45–48). Aedeagus resembles that of L. ramakrishnai, but more distinctly narrowed preapically than that of L. ramakrishnai.</p> <p>Measurements (n = 10). Length: 2.20–2.55 (2.39), width: 1.28–1.48 (1.39), body length-width ratio: 1.66–1.75 (1.72), length of pronotum: 0.60–0.75 (0.69), width of pronotum: 0.88–0.98 (0.94), width across eyes: 0.59–0.69 (0.64), transverse diameter of one eye: 0.23–0.29 (0.27), distance between eyes: 0.24–0.28 (0.26), distance between eye and antennal socket: 0.01–0.03 (0.02), distance between antennal sockets: 0.05– 0.08 (0.06), diameter of one antennal socket: 0.07–0.08 (0.08), length of aedeagus: 0.95, length of receptacle: 0.14, length of vaginal palpi: 0.29.</p> <p>Types. Holotype ♂. Labels 1) SOUTH INDIA Western Ghats Tamil Nadu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.55112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.473389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.55112/lat 11.473389)">Naduvattam</a> 27.VI.2004 N11°28'24.2" E76°33'04" Prathapan K. D. Coll. 2) Lanka sahyadriensis sp. nov. Prathapan &amp; Viraktamath, 2005 3) Holotype (BMNH).</p> <p>Paratypes (71 specimens). 4♂, 3 ♀ data as holotype; Tamil Nadu, 1♀ Pykara, 22.viii.1989 (A. Riedel); 2♀, 1♂ Naduvattam, 19.x.2003 (Prathapan); 3 ♀ Longwood shola, 21.x.2003 (Prathapan), 1♀ 23.vi.2004 (Prathapan); 2♂, 3 ♀ Coonoor, 23.x.2003 (Prathapan). 1♂, 2 ♀ Doddabetta Valley, 24.vi.2004 (Prathapan), 8 ♂, 2 ♀ 3.xii. 2005 (Prathapan). 1♂, 1 ♀ Karnataka, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.70833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.472221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.70833/lat 12.472221)">Madikeri</a>, 19.XI.2003 1100m, dry forest, N12°28'20" E75°42'30" (Konstantinov, Prathapan, Saluk); 1 ♀ Madikeri, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.691666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.458611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.691666/lat 12.458611)">Temple Forest</a>, 21.XI.2003 1138m, N12°27'31" E75°41'30" (Konstantinov, Prathapan, Saluk); 8♂, 16 ♀ Kottigehara, Alekhan Estate, 11. IX. 2004 (Prathapan); 5♂, 3 ♀ Kottigehara, 12. IX. 2004 (Prathapan); 1♂ Kottigehara, Alekhan Horatti, 19.X.2004 (Prathapan); 1 ♀ Kerala, Tirunelli, 22. iv. 2002 (Prathapan); 1 ♀ Kerala, No. 2, No data CIE A 12026 Lanka sp det. M. L. Cox (4 BMNH, 35 PNC, 5 UASB, 2 USNM, 10 NHMB, 4 EUJ, 4 KUJ, 1 LMRC, 6 PKDC).</p> <p>Other material examined. Kerala, Silent Valley National Park, 9♂, 6 ♀ Sairandhri 28.xi-1.xii.2006; 6♂, 4 ♀ Poochippara 3-4.xii.2006 (Prathapan) (PKDC)</p> <p>Etymology. The name sahyadriensis is derived from the Sanskrit name for the Western Ghats, a mega centre of biodiversity, where this insect occurs.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Lanka sahyadriensis, even though similar to L. ramakrishnai in the structure of the aedeagus as well as most external features, has a wider body length-width ratio, slightly longer antennae and finer elytral punctures than L. ramakrishnai. The aedeagus in ventral view is distinctly narrowed preapically in L. sahyadriensis compared to L. ramakrishnai. Intercoxal ridges on first abdominal ventrite nearly extend the full length of the segment in L. ramakrishnai where as in L. sahyadriensis they only reach half of its length. L. ramakrishnai can be readily distinguished from L. sahyadriensis by the color of its elytra, the length of intercoxal ridges on the first abdominal ventrite, structure of the spermatheca and vaginal palpi. L. aruna with larger size, red dorsum and distinct male and female genitalia can readily be separated from L. ramakrishnai.</p> <p>Remarks. Lanka sp. reported by Premkumar and Nair (1987) as a pest of black pepper in Kerala is L. sahyadriensis. This was confirmed by the examination of a specimen (with the label CIE A 12026, here designated as paratype, to be deposited in PNC) identified by M. L. Cox as Lanka sp. in the Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut, where Premkumar had worked on pollu beetle.</p> <p>Lanka ramakrishnai occurs abundantly in the plains of Kerala and does considerable damage to black pepper at altitudes below 300 m. But no damage was reported earlier due to this pest in the pepper plantations at altitudes above 900m (Premkumar, 1980). However, stray infestations of pollu beetle were noticed later in Wayanad and Idukki districts in Kerala and in the Kodagu district in Karnataka above 900m (Devasahayam, 1992). But L. sahyadriensis has so far been collected only at elevations above 800 m and its most preferred host plant is P. mullesua, which occurs above 1300 m (Gamble, 1921; Saldanha, 1984). Host plant selection of L. sahyadriensis and L. ramakrishnai appear to overlap with both of them feeding on P. nigrum at higher altitudes.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/727987BBFFB9D308FF11F0FAFEF7FA53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prathapan, K. D.;Viraktamath, C. A.	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2008): The flea beetle genus Lanka (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in India with descriptions of three new species and notes on the identity of the pollu beetle infesting black pepper, Piper nigrum. Zootaxa 1681 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1681.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1681.1.1
727987BBFFA4D308FF11F2CAFA63FF45.text	727987BBFFA4D308FF11F2CAFA63FF45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanka	<div><p>Key to the species of Lanka of the Indian subcontinent</p> <p>1 Head and pronotum black; in ventral view, aedeagus greatly broadened distally........ L. brunnea (Maulik)</p> <p>- Head and pronotum yellow, brown or red; in ventral view, aedeagus narrowed distally...........................2</p> <p>2 Head, pronotum and elytron bright red; antennomeres 3–10 entirely piceous; antenna not passing beyond 1/3 of elytron over pronotum; length 3.2–3.6mm; spermathecal duct with bends, not coiled; vaginal palpus transversely wrinkled in proximal 1/3.................................................................. L. aruna New species</p> <p>- Dorsum entirely light brown with black elytral suture or head and pronotum yellow and elytra black; antennomeres 3–10 entirely light brown or yellow; antenna reaching middle of elytra or beyond over pronotum; length 2.2–2.8mm; spermathecal duct coiled; vaginal palpus not transversely wrinkled in proximal 1/3........................................................................................................................................................3</p> <p>3 Head and pronotum yellow, elytron black; receptacle of spermatheca with parallel sides in proximal 2/3 near pump, narrowed in distal 1/3 towards duct; elytral rows of punctures regular and countable in proximal half.......................................................................................................... L. ramakrishnai New species</p> <p>- Dorsum entirely light brown with black elytral suture; receptacle of spermatheca with parallel sides in proximal 1/3 near pump, narrowed like a funnel in distal 2/3 towards duct; elytral rows irregular, uncountable................................................................................................................. L. sahyadriensis New species</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/727987BBFFA4D308FF11F2CAFA63FF45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prathapan, K. D.;Viraktamath, C. A.	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2008): The flea beetle genus Lanka (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in India with descriptions of three new species and notes on the identity of the pollu beetle infesting black pepper, Piper nigrum. Zootaxa 1681 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1681.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1681.1.1
727987BBFFA4D308FF11F7D8FA8EFC5B.text	727987BBFFA4D308FF11F7D8FA8EFC5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Longitarsus nigripennis (Motschulsky)	<div><p>Longitarsus nigripennis (Motschulsky)</p> <p>Teinodactyla nigripennis Motschulsky, 1866: 418.</p> <p>Longitarsus nigripennis: Maulik, 1926: 335, 338. – Scherer, 1969: 55, 59. – Medvedev, 1992: 23. – Sprecher-Uebersax, 1996: 86. – Medvedev &amp; Sprecher-Uebersax, 1999: 333. – Medvedev, 2000a: 179. – Medvedev, 2000b: 18.</p> <p>Comments. The following characters suggest that this is unlikely to be a member of the cosmopolitan Longitarsus: antennal calli almost nonexistent, all sulci surrounding antennal calli except weak midfrontal sulcus absent; frontal ridge flat, wide, short; anterofrontal ridge flat. As the metatarsomeres of the badly damaged type specimen are missing, it is impossible to reach an unequivocal decision regarding its generic placement at present. This species does not belong to Lanka as it has a short, broad frontal ridge and the antennal calli are not depressed. Further studies are needed to ascertain its correct place among Oriental alticine genera. For stability of the application of name, a lectotype is designated here.</p> <p>Type material examined. Lectotype (here designated) Labels: 1) Teinodactyla nigripennis Mots. Ind. or (= India Orient) 2) Lectotype Longitarsus nigripennis (Motschulsky) des. K. D. Prathapan, 2005 (specimen on card, head and pronotum separated from rest of body; antennae broken, glued on card; one tarsus glued on card; all legs broken and missing except left fore leg that lacks tarsomere 3 rd onwards, left mesofemur, one of the metafemora and tibia glued beneath metathorax) (Zoological Museum of Moscow University, Russia).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/727987BBFFA4D308FF11F7D8FA8EFC5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prathapan, K. D.;Viraktamath, C. A.	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2008): The flea beetle genus Lanka (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in India with descriptions of three new species and notes on the identity of the pollu beetle infesting black pepper, Piper nigrum. Zootaxa 1681 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1681.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1681.1.1
