taxonID	type	description	language	source
333E48E2E1C95334A469ADF2F1A5CF89.taxon	description	Description. Pileus 8 - 15 cm broad, hemispherical, convex to plano-convex, later expanded with decurved margin, sometimes depressed to funnel-shaped, smooth, dry to slightly viscid, greyish-brown, reddish-brownish or brown. Lamellae adnate to slightly decurrent, white to off-white when young, whitish to cream when mature, thick, 7 - 15 mm in height, with 1 - 2 series of lamellulae; edge smooth, grey to dark brown. Stipe 5 - 10 x 1.8 - 3.0 cm, fusiform, attenuate downwards, straight or curved, firm, with double annulus in which the lower annulus is often gelatinous and the upper annulus is membranous, with white to whitish upper surface and grey to brown lower surface. Context firm, white, not changing colour when cut; smell and taste farinaceous. Spore print white. Basidiospores [60 / 3 / 3] 10 - 14.5 x 4.5 - 6 μm, hyaline in KOH, amyloid, congophilous, smooth, oblong to subcylindrical in frontal view, subcylindrical to somewhat inequateral in side view, thin-walled, without germ pore. Basidia 35 - 48 x 7 - 10 μm, 4 - spored, narrowly clavate, hyaline; sterigmata up to 5 μm long. Cheilocystidia basidiole-like, with yellow to brown contents. Pleurocystidia absent. Lamella trama bilateral, composed of more or less parallel to interwoven hyphae. Oleiferous hyphae present in both lamella and pileus trama. Pileipellis a thick ixocutis of loosely interwoven cylindrical, 2 - 8 μm wide gelatinised hyphae, interspersed with oleiferous hyphae. Clamp connections present, common.	en	Ge, Zai-Wei, Wu, Jian-Yun, Hao, Yan-Jia, Zhang, Qingying, An, Yi-Feng, Ryberg, Martin (2020): The genus Catathelasma (Catathelasmataceae, Basidiomycota) in China. MycoKeys 62: 123-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633
333E48E2E1C95334A469ADF2F1A5CF89.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. China. Gansu Province: Gannan city, Diebu, Wabagou, alt. 2700 m, 12 August 2012, X. T. Zhu 662 (HKAS 76511), under Picea sp.; Sichuan Province: Gangzi prefecture, Dege, Manigange, alt. 4200 m, 9 August 2013, Z. W. Ge 3477 (HKAS 84315), under Picea asperata Mast.; same locality and date, X. B. Liu 251 (HKAS 79952); Tibet: on the way from Bangda to Changdu, 6 August 2013, Z. W. Ge 3461 (HKAS 84299), alt. 3980 m, under Picea asperata.	en	Ge, Zai-Wei, Wu, Jian-Yun, Hao, Yan-Jia, Zhang, Qingying, An, Yi-Feng, Ryberg, Martin (2020): The genus Catathelasma (Catathelasmataceae, Basidiomycota) in China. MycoKeys 62: 123-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633
B11BAE88ED0B587A91772192454467DF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from C. ventricosum (Peck) Singer by having pale yellow to greyish-yellow basidiomes, longer stipes, abundant clamp connections and associations with Pinus yunnanensis Mast. and Keteleeria evelyniana Franchet in south-western China.	en	Ge, Zai-Wei, Wu, Jian-Yun, Hao, Yan-Jia, Zhang, Qingying, An, Yi-Feng, Ryberg, Martin (2020): The genus Catathelasma (Catathelasmataceae, Basidiomycota) in China. MycoKeys 62: 123-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633
B11BAE88ED0B587A91772192454467DF.taxon	materials_examined	Type. China. Yunnan Province: Chuxiong, Zixi Mountain, alt. 1950 m, in forest dominated by K. evelyniana Mast. and P. yunnanensis Franchet, 26 August 2017, Z. W. Ge 4070 (Holotype: HKAS 105984). GenBank accession numbers: - ITS, MK 909107.	en	Ge, Zai-Wei, Wu, Jian-Yun, Hao, Yan-Jia, Zhang, Qingying, An, Yi-Feng, Ryberg, Martin (2020): The genus Catathelasma (Catathelasmataceae, Basidiomycota) in China. MycoKeys 62: 123-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633
B11BAE88ED0B587A91772192454467DF.taxon	description	Description. Pileus 10 - 24 cm broad, hemispherical to convex at first, expanding to convex to broadly convex with age; surface initially white, then yellowish-white (1 A 2) to pale yellow (1 A 3), greyish-yellow (2 B 3) with age, smooth at first, irregularly depressed, margin more or less incurved, slightly viscid to viscid when wet, occasionally with whitish veil remnants. Lamellae decurrent, white to off-white when young, whitish when mature, thick, 7 - 15 mm in height, with 1 - 2 series of lamellulae, edge smooth. Stipe 6 - 24 x 1.5 - 8 cm, fusiform, attenuate downwards, straight or curved, firm, with double annulus in which the lower annulus is flimsy and the upper annulus is membranous to leathery, yellowish-white, often split into several pedals. Context white, 2.1 - 4.5 cm thick in pileus, white in pileus and stipe, not changing colour when cut; smell and taste farinaceous. Spore print white. Basidiospores [70 / 3 / 3] (8) 9 - 12 (15) x (4) 5 - 6.5 (7) μm (mean 9.9 + / - 1.3 x 5.8 + / - 0.5 μm), Q = (1.23) 1.33 - 2.2 (2.75), Qav = 1.72 + / - 0.30, ellipsoid, oblong to subcylindrical in frontal view, subcylindrical to somewhat inequateral in side view, hyaline in KOH, amyloid, congophilous, smooth, thin walled, without germ pore. Basidia 38 - 50 x 8 - 10 μm, narrowly clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline; sterigmata up to 6 μm long. Cheilocystidia basidiole-like, hyalinous. Pleurocystidia absent. Lamella trama subregular, somewhat bilateral towards lamella edge, made up of more or less parallel to interwoven hyphae. Oleiferous hyphae present in both lamella and pileus trama. Pileipellis a thick ixocutis (850 - 1000 μm thick) of loosely interwoven cylindrical, gelatinised hyphae 2 - 10 μm in width, interspersed with oleiferous hyphae. Clamp connections present, common.	en	Ge, Zai-Wei, Wu, Jian-Yun, Hao, Yan-Jia, Zhang, Qingying, An, Yi-Feng, Ryberg, Martin (2020): The genus Catathelasma (Catathelasmataceae, Basidiomycota) in China. MycoKeys 62: 123-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633
B11BAE88ED0B587A91772192454467DF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in south-western China.	en	Ge, Zai-Wei, Wu, Jian-Yun, Hao, Yan-Jia, Zhang, Qingying, An, Yi-Feng, Ryberg, Martin (2020): The genus Catathelasma (Catathelasmataceae, Basidiomycota) in China. MycoKeys 62: 123-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633
B11BAE88ED0B587A91772192454467DF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From ' lao ren tou jun', a transliteration of the Chinese name " 老人头菌 " which is a local common name used in the wild mushroom markets in Yunnan, China. The literal translation is " fungus that looks like the shiny bald pate of The God of Longevity ".	en	Ge, Zai-Wei, Wu, Jian-Yun, Hao, Yan-Jia, Zhang, Qingying, An, Yi-Feng, Ryberg, Martin (2020): The genus Catathelasma (Catathelasmataceae, Basidiomycota) in China. MycoKeys 62: 123-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633
B11BAE88ED0B587A91772192454467DF.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined. China. Yunnan Province, Chuxiong, Nanhua, wild mushroom market, 12 August 2014, Z. W. Ge 3620 (HKAS 84458); Dali, Bingchuan, Jizu Mountain, alt. 2350 m, 4 August 2013, J. Qin 728 (HKAS 81166); Kunming, Aziying, 15 August 2015, Z. W. Ge 3765 (HKAS 92245); Kunming, Yeyahu, alt. 2000 m, 22 September 2012, L. H. Han 23 (HKAS 78582); Lijiang, Ninglang, alt. 2300 m, in Pinus yunnanensis forest, 6 August 2011, T. Guo 368 (HKAS 71264); Sichuan Province: Muli, Liziping, alt. 2500 m, in Pinus yunnanensis forest, 31 July 2012, Y. J. Hao 688 (HKAS 76346).	en	Ge, Zai-Wei, Wu, Jian-Yun, Hao, Yan-Jia, Zhang, Qingying, An, Yi-Feng, Ryberg, Martin (2020): The genus Catathelasma (Catathelasmataceae, Basidiomycota) in China. MycoKeys 62: 123-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633
B11BAE88ED0B587A91772192454467DF.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Catathelasma laorentou is morphologically similar to C. ventricosum (Peck) Singer, a species originally described from North America. Both species have ellipsoid basidiospores, large-sized hemispherical pilei and a pileipellis composed of an ixocutis layer. However, C. laorentou has abundant clamp connections, smaller basidiospores (9 - 11 x 5 - 6 μm), larger basidia (38 - 50 x 8 - 10 μm) and is found in coniferous forest dominated by P. yunnanensis and K. evelyniana from south-western China, while C. ventricosum is found alongside hardwood (Singer 1940). Catathelasma singeri Mitchel & A. H. Sm. from the USA is morphologically similar to C. laorentou, but the former differs by its dull pale ochraceous to dingy olive buff pileus which is slimy viscid and shows similarities to Hygrophorus Fr., smaller basidiomes (pileus around 6 cm, stipe 4 x 1.2 cm), bearing basidiole-like or narrower cheilocystidia. Catathelasma singeri was collected from the aspen zone, which was dominated by Populus tremuloides and Pinaceae species, although the specific host tree was not mentioned (Mitchel and Smith 1978). Catathelasma imperiale, originally described from Europe, is distinguished by its greyish-brown, reddish-brownish or brown basidiomes (Fig. 2 C, D), cylindrical cheilocystidia with yellow contents and its association with species of Pinus, Picea and Abies (Laessoe and Petersen 2019; Vellinga 1999; personal observation by the first author).	en	Ge, Zai-Wei, Wu, Jian-Yun, Hao, Yan-Jia, Zhang, Qingying, An, Yi-Feng, Ryberg, Martin (2020): The genus Catathelasma (Catathelasmataceae, Basidiomycota) in China. MycoKeys 62: 123-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633
851BE553C1EA591CB763EECDF107494A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Catathelasma subalpinum is distinguished from C. laorentou by having greyish-yellow to grey pilei, higher elevation (alt. 2600 - 3500 m) occurrence and association with Pinus densata Mast.	en	Ge, Zai-Wei, Wu, Jian-Yun, Hao, Yan-Jia, Zhang, Qingying, An, Yi-Feng, Ryberg, Martin (2020): The genus Catathelasma (Catathelasmataceae, Basidiomycota) in China. MycoKeys 62: 123-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633
851BE553C1EA591CB763EECDF107494A.taxon	materials_examined	Type. China. Yunnan Province: Lijiang, Ninglang, Xichuan Xiang, 14 July, 2010, J. Qin 65 (Holotype: HKAS 67751). GenBank accession numbers: - ITS, MK 909099; LSU, MK 909121.	en	Ge, Zai-Wei, Wu, Jian-Yun, Hao, Yan-Jia, Zhang, Qingying, An, Yi-Feng, Ryberg, Martin (2020): The genus Catathelasma (Catathelasmataceae, Basidiomycota) in China. MycoKeys 62: 123-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633
851BE553C1EA591CB763EECDF107494A.taxon	description	Description. Pileus 3.5 - 15 cm broad, hemispherical at early stage, expanding to broadly convex with age, shallowly depressed at centre, white to dirty white at first, then greyish-white (1 B 1) to greyish-yellow (4 C 4), grey (8 B 1) when mature, with incurved margin, viscid when wet, sometimes irregularly cracked. Lamellae slightly decurrent, crowded, whitish, thick, 8 mm in height, with 2 - 3 tiers of lamellulae, with smooth edge, covered by a white, well developed, thick membranous veil in early stage. Stipe 11 - 14 x 3 - 5.5 cm, fusiform, attenuated downwards, whitish to yellowish-white, firm, with double annulus in which the lower annulus is flimsy and the upper one is membranous, thick, around 2.5 cm away from the stipe apex; with white inner side and greyish-yellow outer side. Context white in pileus and stipe, not changing colour when cut, 3.5 cm thick in pileus; smell and taste farinaceous. Spore print white. Basidiospores [43 / 2 / 2] (9) 10 - 12 x 5 - 6 μm (mean 10.7 + / - 0.8 x 5.4 + / - 0.5 μm), Q = (1.67) 1.80 - 2.20 (2.40), Qm = 1.99 + / - 0.18, subcylindrical in frontal view, subcylindrical to somewhat inequilateral in side view, hyaline in KOH, amyloid, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 35 - 45 x 8 - 9 μm, narrowly clavate, 4 - spored; sterigmata up to 5 μm long. Pleurocystidia none. Cheilocystidia basidiole-like, hyalinous. Lamella trama subregular, somewhat bilateral towards lamella edge, made up of more or less parallel to interwoven hyphae. Oleiferous hyphae present in both lamella and pileus trama. Pileipellis a thick ixolattice (500 - 650 μm thick) of 1.5 - 10 μm wide hyphae which gelatinise and collapse, occasionally interspersed with oleiferous hyphae; the layer grading gradually into pileal trama. Clamp connections abundant in all tissues.	en	Ge, Zai-Wei, Wu, Jian-Yun, Hao, Yan-Jia, Zhang, Qingying, An, Yi-Feng, Ryberg, Martin (2020): The genus Catathelasma (Catathelasmataceae, Basidiomycota) in China. MycoKeys 62: 123-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633
851BE553C1EA591CB763EECDF107494A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from Yunnan Province, south-western China.	en	Ge, Zai-Wei, Wu, Jian-Yun, Hao, Yan-Jia, Zhang, Qingying, An, Yi-Feng, Ryberg, Martin (2020): The genus Catathelasma (Catathelasmataceae, Basidiomycota) in China. MycoKeys 62: 123-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633
851BE553C1EA591CB763EECDF107494A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet " subalpinum " refers to the distribution range of the species.	en	Ge, Zai-Wei, Wu, Jian-Yun, Hao, Yan-Jia, Zhang, Qingying, An, Yi-Feng, Ryberg, Martin (2020): The genus Catathelasma (Catathelasmataceae, Basidiomycota) in China. MycoKeys 62: 123-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633
851BE553C1EA591CB763EECDF107494A.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined. China. Yunnan Province: Lijiang, Elephant Hill, 1 August 2011, Q. Cai 495 (HKAS 70091); Ninglang, 6 August 2011, L. P. Tang 1459 (HKAS 69920).	en	Ge, Zai-Wei, Wu, Jian-Yun, Hao, Yan-Jia, Zhang, Qingying, An, Yi-Feng, Ryberg, Martin (2020): The genus Catathelasma (Catathelasmataceae, Basidiomycota) in China. MycoKeys 62: 123-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633
851BE553C1EA591CB763EECDF107494A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Catathelasma subalpinum is closely related to C. laorentou, which is also from south-western China. However, C. subalpinum differs by its higher elevation distribution and its association with Pinus densata, while C. laorentou has pale yellow to greyish-yellow basidiomes, associations with P. yunnanensis and Keteleeria evelyniana forests and is comparatively more common than C. subalpinum. Besides, C. subalpinum has much fewer oleiferous hyphae in the pileipellis. In addition, phylogenetic trees, reconstructed from ITS, 28 S, TEF 1 and concatenated ITS-LSU-TEF 1, support the separation of C. subalpinum from C. laorentou. Catathelasma subalpinum is also morphologically similar to C. ventricosum Peck) Singer in general appearance. However, C. subalpinum is found in coniferous forest dominated by Pinus densata in south-western China, while C. ventricosum is associated with hardwood trees in south-eastern North America (Singer 1940); C. subalpinum has abundant clamp connections in all tissues and longer stipes measuring 11 - 14 x 3 - 5.5 cm (compared to the 4 - 5 x 4 cm for C. ventricosum). Catathelasma singeri from USA is morphologically somewhat similar to C. subalpinum. However, C. singeri has a slimy viscid pileus that is more similar to species within the genus Hygrophorus Fr. (Mitchel and Smith 1978), smaller basidiomes (pileus around 6 cm, stipe 4 x 1.2 cm) compared with those of C. subalpinum (pileus up to 15 cm, stipe 11 - 14 x 3 - 5.5 cm) and narrow, basidiole-like cheilocystidia. Catathelasma evanescens, which was described from Wyoming (USA), is similar in general appearance and also has a high elevation distribution. However, C. evanescens has obvious distant lamellae, a hollow stipe, a volva-like veil around the base of the stipe and longer but narrower basidiospores measuring 14 - 17.5 x 3 - 5 μm, according to Lovejoy (1910).	en	Ge, Zai-Wei, Wu, Jian-Yun, Hao, Yan-Jia, Zhang, Qingying, An, Yi-Feng, Ryberg, Martin (2020): The genus Catathelasma (Catathelasmataceae, Basidiomycota) in China. MycoKeys 62: 123-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633
