identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
700E878CFFCAFFD9DBA34BA07F97FB4F.text	700E878CFFCAFFD9DBA34BA07F97FB4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteropolygonatum alternicirrhosum Handel-Mazzetti (1936: 1209	<div><p>Heteropolygonatum alternicirrhosum (Hand.-Mazz.) Floden, comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym: Polygonatum alternicirrhosum Handel-Mazzetti (1936: 1209) . Type:— CHINA. Sichuan: S.: Kalkschutt in der str. t. ober Lumapu im Seitentale des Yalung gegen Yenyüen, 27° 40’, 1750 m, 10 May 1914, Handel-Mazzetti 2108 (holotype W!; isotypes E!, GH!)</p><p>= Polygonatum racemosum Wang &amp; Tang (1937: 286) . Type:— CHINA. Sichuan: Tung Valley, June 1904, Wilson 4667 (holotype K!; isotypes BM!, PE!).</p><p>Distribution:— China, Sichuan.</p><p>Taxonomic relationships:—Handel-Mazzetti (1936) and Tang (1937) both considered this species as the intermediate between the alternate leaved clade of Polygonatum and the verticillate species, some of which, like this species, have cirrhose leaf apices. This species is similar in appearance and probably closely related to the sympatric Heteropolygonatum pendulum (Liu &amp; Hu 1984: 426) Tamura &amp; Ogisu (1997: 951), but that species differs in its long falcate leaves, inflorescences held horizontally, and the plants strictly pendent (Tamura et al. 1997). Chen (1989) reported a chromosome number and karyotype of this species from Luding, Sichuan as 2n = 32. Zhao et al. (2014) reported two additional counts from Kanding which match the previous in number and karyotype. Both studies reported karyotypes that are distinctly bimodal with 5 pairs of longer subterminal chromosomes and the remaining eleven distinctly shorter and metacentric. This species is known from only a few collections all from a limited area along the Dadu River.</p><p>Other specimens examined:— CHINA. Sichuan: Luding County, Dadu cable bridge, 2 May 1974 , Sichuan Veg. Team 6802 (CDBI!); Daocheng County, Kahn, 2 June 1971 , Liu 0091 (CDBI!); Kanding County, April 1974 , Y. Wu &amp; Q. Zhao 110850 (CDBI!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/700E878CFFCAFFD9DBA34BA07F97FB4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Floden, Aaron J.	Floden, Aaron J. (2014): New names in Heteropolygonatum (Asparagaceae). Phytotaxa 188 (4): 218-226, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.4.4
700E878CFFCAFFD9DBA34EE47F06F833.text	700E878CFFCAFFD9DBA34EE47F06F833.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteropolygonatum anomalum (Floden 1892) Floden 2014	<div><p>Heteropolygonatum anomalum (Hua) Floden, comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym: Polygonatum anomalum Hua (1892: 420) . Type:— CHINA. Western Sichuan and Tibetan Frontier: chiefly near Tachienlu, at 9000–15000 feet, s.d., Pratt 41 (holotype P!; isotypes BM!, K!) .</p><p>Distribution:— China, Sichuan, only known from Gongga Shan, 2400–4000 m.</p><p>Taxonomic relationships:—Hua (1892) doubted his initial placement of this species in Polygonatum due to the imbricate perigone and the combination of the ovary to style ratio and the short filaments which are not known in the alternate leaved species (see also Hayata, 1911 who doubted his own generic placement of the recently transferred H. altelobatum). Heteropolygonatum anomalum is sympatric with H. pendulum, but H. anomalum is much rarer at the lower elevation where H. pendulum grows (Liu &amp; Hu 1984, B. Olsen pers. comm., Yang et al. 2012). These two species are clearly distinguishable based on morphology. Heteropolygonatum anomalum is also geographically proximal and morphologically similar to H. ogisui which grows on Wawu Shan 100 km to the southeast where it is syntopic with the highly dissimilar one or two-leaved and one-flowered H. xui . Heteropolygonatum anomalum differs from H. ogisui by the following characters: a scabrellous stem (vs. smooth); non-glaucous abaxial leaf surfaces (vs. distinctly white-glaucous); perigone length 9–12 mm (vs. 14–15); a cylindric perigone (vs. campanulate); and different intrafloral measurements (Table 1). It also differs in having a slightly scabrellous stem whereas H. ogisui is reportedly smooth.</p><p>Other specimens examined: — CHINA. Sichuan: 29 June 1982, Lang 307 (KUN!, PE!); ibidem, 2 June 1983, Veg. Grp. 30873 (CBDI!); ibidem, 8 June 1980, Wang &amp; Liu 22168 (CBDI!); ibidem, 1 June 1980, Wang and Liu 22434 (CBDI!); ibidem, May 1904, Wilson 4663 (P!, K!); ibidem, 9 June 1981, Xu 25517 (CBDI!); ibidem, October 1981, Xu 26317 (CBDI!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/700E878CFFCAFFD9DBA34EE47F06F833	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Floden, Aaron J.	Floden, Aaron J. (2014): New names in Heteropolygonatum (Asparagaceae). Phytotaxa 188 (4): 218-226, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.4.4
700E878CFFCBFFD8DBA34AAA7BBDF895.text	700E878CFFCBFFD8DBA34AAA7BBDF895.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteropolygonatum marmoratum (Leveille 1909) Floden 2014	<div><p>Heteropolygonatum marmoratum (H.Lév.) Floden, comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym: Polygonatum marmoratum Léveillé (1909: 384) . Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Maire in Herb. Bonati 436 (holotype LE) .</p><p>= Polygonatum longipedunculatum Liang (1987: 64) . Type:— CHINA. Sichuan: Leibo, Xi Ning Xiang, He Tao Ping, 1820 m, 5 July 1959, Z.T. Guan 7904 (holotype PE!).</p><p>= Polygonatum sino - mairei Wang &amp; Tang (1936: 84) ≡ Disporopsis mairei Léveillé (1912: 303) . Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Pied des rochers a Tong-Tchouan (Dongchuan), 2700 m, June 1910, R.P. Maire 7459 (holotype E!), non Polygonatum mairei Léveillé (1912: 302), non P. mairei Léveillé (1909: 384), nom. illeg.</p><p>Distribution:— China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan) and Vietnam (Son La). Largely following the uplift and limestone formations of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, 1000–3000 m.</p><p>Taxonomic relationships:—Despite not having seen the type collection, the list of synonymic types matches the plants currently cultivated by myself,and Jeffrey (1980) considered all these synonyms, other than P.longipedunculatum, as within the range of variation of a species-concept. Nonetheless, future work may reveal that Heteropolygonatum marmoratum, as treated here, encompasses several discrete taxa. Heteropolygonatum marmoratum is distinct from H. anomalum and H. parcefolium by its fascicled or long pedunculate inflorescences bearing whitish to greenish campanulate flowers, its overall larger plant size, and by cytology. The leaves are usually lustrous adaxially and abaxially, but sometimes they are whitish pruinose abaxially (at least in Guizhou and Yunnan). A broad species concept is taken here until additional material is available for molecular analyses. This species and its relatively broad distribution present a perplexing issue relative to the narrow distributions of most of the other species. It is also the only species to occur outside China where it has been collected once in Vietnam. It should also be expected in Myanmar along its border with Yunnan. Within the large area of distribution there are morphological variations that require additional examination in combination with molecular analyses and cytological studies. The perigone shape of the two forms pictured here (Fig. 2) are distinctly different as is the overall morphology of the plants, i.e. some plants are distinctly glaucous on the abaxial leaf surface whereas others are lustrous-green. The single count reported here is tetraploid (2n = 4x = 64) (Fig. 1). A second report, of what is probably this species, under the name P. punctatum from Jinfoshan, Chongqing (Chen 1989) may belong here that is 2n = 2x = 32 which would support the recognition of more than one species.</p><p>Other specimens examined:— CHINA. Guizhou: Leishan, 7 July 1965, anon. 51213 (KUN!, PE!); Kaili- Xijiang, 21 May 1959, Qiannan Team 2077 (PE!) ; Sichuan: Emei Shan, s.d., W.J. Zheng 10500 (KUN!) ; Emei Shan, 5 September 1927, TY Zhou et G. Xu 511 (PE!) ; Emei Shan, 24 June 1952, J.L.Xiu and X. Jinhua 31281 (IBK!, PE!); Meigu County, 2 July 1976, anon. 13564 (CBDI!) ; Mabian Yi Co., Xiaoliangshan, 1930, F.T. Wang 23065 (PE!); [near Meigu], 27 July 1959, sine coll. 1473 (KUN!, PE!); E side of Longdanxi, Erlang Mt., 12 August 1961, Chang and Zhu 09950 (PE!) ; Liangshan, 23 May 1959, anon. 0977 (PE!) ; Chungchou City, Kouchia Forestry Centre, 1200 m, 13 August 2003, P. Wei et L.J. Yang 604 (TAIF!) ; Wenchuan Co., Qipangou, 1200 m, 12 August 2004, K. Xiong and Y.J. Zou 590 (TAIF!) ; Dayi Co., Taiping township, 1200m, 16 July 2004, T.X. Shen and L. Ren 1600 (TAIF!) ; Pengzhau City, Yingchanggou, 1200 m, 4 July 2003, P. Wang and J.S. Wu 1044 (TAIF!) ; Dujiangyan City, Dashuigou, 1200 m, 3 September 2004, D.H. Zhu, T. Shang, and S.K. Liu 3100 (TAIF!) ; Yunnan: E side of Gaoligongshan, W of Gonshan, 10 July 2000, L. Heng 12249 (MO!) ; ibidem, Liou 20264 (PE!) ; Kunming, 7 July 1946, Liou 16215 (PE!) ; Barrulah, Salween Chikiang divide, October 1935, C.W.Wang 67583 (PE!) ; Weixi, November 1935, C.W.Wang 70451 (KUN!) ; Siao-tske-y, July, Maire s.n. (P!); Yunnan-sen, 12 July 1904, Ducloux 2896 (P!, PE!) ; Tchong-chan, 12 June 1905, Ducloux 3537 (P!, PE!) ; Kia Kia, June 1909, Ducloux 6124 (P!, PE!) ; Xishan Forest Park, SW Kunming, 21 May 1993, Alden, B., Alexander, J.C.M., Long, D.G., McBeath, R.J.D., Noltie, H.J., and M.F. Watson, KEG 10 (GB!) ; Lunan Xian, Changhu, 2 August 1984, Bartholomew, B, Boufford, D.E.; Li, H.W., Ma, C.G; Nicolson, D.H.; Ying, T.S., Yu S.W 1587 (MO!) ; Kunming, 8 June 1908, Tsoong 2076 (PE!) ; Longwan, 17 August 1972, anon. 51 (KUN!) ; Jingdong, 13 November 1956, B. Qiu 53269 (KUN!) ; Kunming, Xishan, 9 July 1958, B. Qiu 57110 (KUN!) ; Kunming, March-May 1939, J. Ying 16481 (KUN!) ; Kunming, near San-Ching-Ke, Xishan, 21 June 1945, S. Liou 13665 (PE!) ; Kunming, Sanqing, Xishan, 11 May 1946, S. Liou 16106 (PE!) ; Kunming, Xishan, 1941, S. Liou 20264 (PE!) . VIETNAM. Son La: Hua Tat village, 7 October 2000, D.K. Harder, N.T. Hiep, N.Q. Hieu, A.L. Thomas, and P. Manos 5819 (MO!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/700E878CFFCBFFD8DBA34AAA7BBDF895	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Floden, Aaron J.	Floden, Aaron J. (2014): New names in Heteropolygonatum (Asparagaceae). Phytotaxa 188 (4): 218-226, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.4.4
700E878CFFCBFFDBDBA34D927F55FD38.text	700E878CFFCBFFDBDBA34D927F55FD38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteropolyonatum parcefolium (F. T. Wang & Tang) Floden 2014	<div><p>Heteropolyonatum parcefolium (F.T.Wang &amp; Tang) Floden, comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym: Polygonatum parcefolium Wang &amp; Tang (1949: 216) . Type:— CHINA. Su-tchuen[Sichuan]: oriental: district de Tchen-kéoutin [Chengkou], 1800 m, 15 Juin 1893, Farges 1184 (holotype image PE00223239!; isotypes K!, KUN!, P!, PE!) .</p><p>Distribution:— China, Chongqing, Sichuan, 1300–1800 m.</p><p>Taxonomic relationships:— Wang &amp; Tang (1949) based this species on Farges collections from eastern Sichuan. Farges seems to have made two collections of this species; one large gathering in flower in June of 1893 and a smaller gathering (only one specimen seen) at P in fruit. Since Heteropolygonatum fruit in the fall and are deciduous it is highly unlikely that both collections were gathered on the same date. Another collection has Farges handwritten label on it with collection number 1184 and other details of the plant (P00687126!). The specimen that is in fruit, and some of those that are in flower, are annotated by Wang and Tang with the collection number written in the same hand, not the handwriting of Farges. This fruiting specimen is considered to be a paratype, since it was viewed by Wang and Tang, but is not part of the type gathering. Like Heteropolygonatum parcefolium, occasional specimens of H. anomalum and H. ogisui have the lowermost leaf pair borne oppositely on the stem, but unlike the latter two species this species differs in its puberulent stem and in its long pedunculate inflorescences with 2 or more flowers. Despite the limited knowledge of H. parcefolium its morphological dissimilarities and disjunction from H. anomalum and H. ogisui support its recognition as a distinct species.</p><p>Other specimens examined:— CHINA. Sichuan: Nanjiang, Hengdian, anon. 2833 (CBDI01659010!); ibidem, anon. s.n. (PE00036899!); Su-tchuen, oriental: district de Tchen-kéou-tin [Chengkou], 1800 m, 15 June 1893, Farges 1184 (P00038366!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/700E878CFFCBFFDBDBA34D927F55FD38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Floden, Aaron J.	Floden, Aaron J. (2014): New names in Heteropolygonatum (Asparagaceae). Phytotaxa 188 (4): 218-226, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.4.4
700E878CFFC8FFDBDBA349367D3FF929.text	700E878CFFC8FFDBDBA349367D3FF929.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteropolygonatum ginfushanicum (F. T. Wang & Tang 1978) Tamura et al. 2000	<div><p>Heteropolygonatum ginfushanicum (F.T.Wang &amp; Tang) Tamura et al. (2000: 157) .</p><p>Basionym: Smilacina ginfoshanica Wang &amp; Tang (1978: 249) ≡ Polygonatum ginfushanicum (F.T.Wang &amp; Tang) Wang &amp; Tang (1983: 261) . Type:— CHINA. Chongqing: Nanchuan County, “Gin-fu-shan” [Jinfo Shan], 1730–1800 m, 17 May 1957, T.H. Hsiung et T.L. Chou 90841 (holotype PE!; isotypes KUN!).</p><p>Specimens examined:— CHINA. Chongqing: Jinfo, 30 May 1957, T.H. Hsiung et T.L. Chou 91094 (PE!) ; Jinfo, 17 May 1957, T.H. Hsiung et T.L. Chou 90841 (PE!, KUN!) ; Guizhou: Jiangkou, 6 May 1964, Z.S. Zhang et al. 400642 (PE!) ; Hubei: Lichuan, 12 October 1939, H.G. Li 11080 (MO!) ; Hunan: Sangchi County, Mao River, 13 July 1975, Bing 750259 (PE 00036825!) *.</p><p>Heteropolygonatum roseolum M.N.Tamura &amp; Ogisu in Tamura et al. (1997: 951). Type:— CHINA. Guangxi: Jinxiu, Mt Dayao, c. 1250 m, in dark mossy evergreen broad-leaved forests. Cult. in Yamasaki, Hyogo, Japan, 30 May 1996, Tamura &amp; Ogisu 5028 (holotype PE; isotype K!).</p><p>Specimens examined:— CHINA. Guangxi: Pangxidong, 17 May 1957, D. Chen 202 (IBK!) ; ibidem, 13 May 1936, Tsoong 81601 (PE!, IBK!); ibidem, Tsoong 82084 (PE!) ; Gelao, 15 May 1982, F.T.Fang 65245 (PE!) ; Dayaoshan, 16 June 1958, Y.K. Liu 400365 (IBK!) ; Miaoshan, 26 June 1959, Qinghua 2551 (HITBC!) ; Chanpin, 10 Oct 1935, S.P. Ko 55893 (PE!) ; Mt. Dayao, 30 May 1996, M.N. Tamura et M. Ogisu 5028 (isotype K!) ; Hunan: Dongkou Co., Daping, 20 May 1959, Tan Peixiang 62939 (IBK00139227!) *; Xinning Co., Mt. Ziyun, 9 September 1984, Ziyunshan Exp. 331 (TAIF!) *; Longsheng County, on rocks in moss, 1955, sine coll. 00191 (PE!); ibidem, 1954, sine coll. s.n. (IBM!)*.</p><p>Taxonomic relationships:—The Hunan Province specimens are in fruit and are tentatively placed here on the basis of morphological similarities and their geographic proximity to H. roseolum . Tsoong 81601 from Shune-yuen, Guangxi was attributed to Heteropolygonatum altelobatum by Jeffrey (1980) who considered it an insufficient specimen with an affinity to that species. Later collections of this plant became the type species of Heteropolygonatum (see Tamura et al. 1997). These additional collections reported here from Hunan Province, China expand the provincial distribution northward. Other specimens, despite their less than adequate locality records, confirm a broader distribution in northcentral Guangxi (Fig. 3). Based on these range expansions it is probable that its range occurs throughout the Nanling Shan at elevations where suitable habitats are supported.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/700E878CFFC8FFDBDBA349367D3FF929	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Floden, Aaron J.	Floden, Aaron J. (2014): New names in Heteropolygonatum (Asparagaceae). Phytotaxa 188 (4): 218-226, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.4.4
