identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
752487D7FF8D0676FD02FD4DFAEC3744.text	752487D7FF8D0676FD02FD4DFAEC3744.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ikaros Chatzimanolis & Brunke 2021	<div><p>Ikaros gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 547CE969-6222-48B6-BA7C-AAE86C5C4015</p><p>Figs 2–6</p><p>Type species</p><p>Ikaros paramo gen. et sp. nov., here designated.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Ikaros gen. nov. belongs in Xanthopygina based on the following two synapomorphies present: inferior marginal line of the pronotal hypomeron continues as a separate entity beyond anterior pronotal angles and curves around them, and hypostomal cavity moderately delimited (i.e., cavity surface without microsculpture or punctation different from the rest of nearby head surface). The genus can easily be distinguished from all other Xanthopygina based on the reduced elytra (exposing the 2 nd tergum), absence of hind wings and the shape of the abdomen: constricted anteriorly and expanded posteriorly.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The word Ikaros is an alternate spelling of the word Icarus, the son of Daedalus who (in the Greek mythology) constructed the Labyrinth. Icarus and Daedalus escaped the Labyrinth by flying with wings made of feathers and glued by wax. However, Icarus flew too close to the sun and the wax melted. The name is rather appropriate for this genus considering these are species found in high altitudes that have lost their wings. The name is masculine.</p><p>Description</p><p>HABITUS (Fig. 2). Body medium-sized, forebody 5.2–7.1 mm long, without long bristle-like setae.</p><p>COLORATION. Brown to reddish-brown.</p><p>HEAD. Shape rectangular; head length in comparison to pronotum shorter to subequal. Eye size small, less than ½ length of head. Postclypeus, in comparison to frons, not deflexed; anterior margin slightly emarginate. Middle of epicranium impunctate but with microsculpture. Postmandibular ridge laterally; with deep punctures demarcating raised postmandibular ridge dorsolaterally absent. Gular sutures not joined before neck, extended close to each other at base of head capsule. Nuchal ridge incomplete dorsally. Neck disc with dense, moderately coarse punctures. Antennae with relative width of antennomere 1 same width or slightly wider than antennomere 2. Antennomeres 1–5 longer than wide; 5–10 subquadrate. Antennomere 3, 2.5 times as long as wide or less; antennomere 4 with tomentose pubescence; antennomeres 4–10 cylindrical in shape; antennomeres 5–10 without club; antennomeres 8–10 symmetrical, quadrate to elongate; antennomere 6 with curved, distinctly longer and thicker subapical setae than other macrosetae, forming circlet; antennomere 11 in males slightly longer than 10. Mouthparts with labrum having broadly U-shaped emargination, lobes strongly separated. Mandibles with relative length typical (i.e., closed mandible not extending beyond lateral margin of head); without asymmetrical torsion. Mandible in dorsal view curved from apical half; in lateral aspect: straight; left and right mandible each with one tooth. Maxilla with galea much shorter than palpus; maxillary palpus with palpomere 3 distinctly shorter than palpomere 2; palpomere 4 distinctly longer than palpomere 3; palpomere 4 not dilated. Labial palpus with palpomere 3 widest apically, subparallel-sided (widest before apex in I. polygonos gen. et sp. nov.); palpomere 3 without long dense setae on entire lateral sides. Ligula small, entire. Mentum with alpha seta present; hypostomal cavity present; moderately delimited.</p><p>PRONOTUM. With shape of lateral margins in dorsal view posteriad of midpoint straight to sinuate; anterior angles in dorsal view not strongly acuminate and produced laterad. Pronotum near anterolateral angles without raised impunctate spots; anterolateral corners with punctation; disc of pronotum with punctation beyond midlength (but punctation not continuing beyond midlength in I. apteros gen. et sp. nov.); punctation varies but microsculpture present; without coarse punctures impressed in flange at posterior angle of pronotum. Hypomeron with superior marginal line continuous to anterior margin; superior marginal line without distinct deflection under anterior angles in ventral view; inferior marginal line of hypomeron continued as a separate entity beyond anterior pronotal angles and curving around them. Postcoxal process absent. Basisternum slightly longer than furcasternum; basisternum with pair of macrosetae, situated far from anterior margin of prosternum.</p><p>ELYTRA. Reduced, exposing tergum 2. Hind wings absent. Elytra setae not reduced, easily seen at low magnification; without patches of white setae. Elytra without contiguous polygon-shaped meshed microsculpture. Mesoscutellum with dense cluster of punctures medially. Mesoventrite without median carina; mesoventral process broadly triangular; process extended distally to distance 2/5 between mesocoxae. Metaventrite with small punctures; metaventral process small, rounded, triangular extended to beginning of metacoxae.</p><p>LEGS. With tarsal segmentation 5-5-5; profemora without lateroventral apical spines; protarsi with modified pale (adhesive) setae ventrally; tarsomeres 1–4 of protarsi dorsoventrally flattened. Mesocoxae moderately separated, intercoxal area distinctly recessed compared to mesoventrital process only. Metacoxae without coxal shield; metatibia without thick and long apical spurs but smaller spurs (and spines) present; tarsomeres 3–5 of metatarsi with chaetotaxy, developed only at margins of dorsal surface; dorsal surface of tarsomeres glabrous along midline. Pretarsal claws with empodial setae.</p><p>ABDOMEN. With lateral sides in dorsal view constricted anteriorly and expanded posteriorly; with protergal glands having well-developed acetabula. Anterior basal transverse carina on terga 3 and 4 without pair of accessory ridges; tergum 3 without posterior basal transverse carina or curved (arched-like) on disc (except arched-like carina present on I. polygonos gen. et sp. nov. on terga 3–5). Tergum 5 without pair of accessory ridges on anterior basal transverse carina; centre of tergum 5 punctate; posterior half of tergum 5 in lateral view not appearing bulging. Sternum 3 with straight to arcuate basal transverse carina medially; basal transverse carina laterally not sinuate. Sternum 4 without basal transverse carina medially. Sternum 5 with dense, meshed microsculpture anterolaterally, appearing different in texture to posterior portion. Sternum 7 with sparse (punctures separated by more than two puncture width) punctation laterally.</p><p>MALE GENITALIA. With secondary sexual structures (medial emargination) on sterna 7 and 8; without porose structure on sternum 7. Aedeagus as in Figs 3–5; with long median lobe and single paramere;</p><p>paramere with sensory peg setae; median lobe with single subapical tooth; without apical tooth, carina or paired apex.</p><p>FEMALE GENITALIA. Without secondary sexual structures. Spermathecae not sclerotized.</p><p>Habitat</p><p>Ikaros paramo gen. et sp. nov. was collected in dry to sub-humid paramo, an ecosystem characterized as high altitude, tropical, montane, and above the tree line. Ikaros polygonos gen. et sp. nov. was collected from an area with interspersed páramo and shrubby/treed patches (R. Anderson pers. com.), and judging from the locality and elevation, Ikaros apteros gen. et sp. nov. appears to live in a similar habitat.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/752487D7FF8D0676FD02FD4DFAEC3744	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chatzimanolis, Stylianos;Brunke, Adam J.	Chatzimanolis, Stylianos, Brunke, Adam J. (2021): A new apterous rove beetle genus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Northern Andes with an assessment of its phylogenetic position. European Journal of Taxonomy 744: 67-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.744.1303, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.744.1303
752487D7FF8E0678FDDFFEB3FDC036D1.text	752487D7FF8E0678FDDFFEB3FDC036D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ikaros apteros Chatzimanolis & Brunke 2021	<div><p>Ikaros apteros gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2FB02118-DAD8-4812-AFFE-2ADA3356F97B</p><p>Figs 2A, 3</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species of Ikaros gen. nov. that lack arch-like carina on terga 3–5, I. apteros gen. et sp. nov. lacks any punctures on the pronotum, beyond the punctures along the median area, whereas I. paramo gen. et sp. nov. has punctures arranged in multiple rows.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet is derived from the Greek word ‘άπτερος’ (‘without wings’) and refers to the lack of hind wings. It is treated here as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype (here designated) COUNTRY UNKNOWN • ♂; “Nov. Gran. [Nova Granada], L.F.S / coll. Kraatz / Xanthopygina ref. Xanthopygus det. A. Brunke 2012 / HOLOTYPE Ikaros apteros Chatzimanolis and Brunke, des. Chatzimanolis and Brunke 2020”; SDEI.</p><p>Paratype COLOMBIA • ♀; “ Colombia, Cundinamarca, PNN <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.5166664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.75/lat 4.5166664)">Chingaza Charrascalles</a>, 4°31′ N 73°45′ W, 2990 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.5166664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.75/lat 4.5166664)">Winkler</a>, 19–21.vi.2002, F. Guzmán Leg., M3239 / SM0548722 [barcode label] / PARATYPE Ikaros apteros Chatzimanolis and Brunke, des. Chatzimanolis and Brunke 2020”; SEMC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Forebody length 7.1 mm long. Coloration reddish brown with head and mouthparts slightly darker brown. Head transverse, HW/HL ratio = 1.18. Epicranium mostly impunctate, with few large punctures posteriorly, medially and around margin of head and eye; with faint polygon-shaped microsculpture. Labial palpus with palpomere 3 widest apically, subparallel-sided. Antennomeres with crown-like macrosetae shorter than length of antennomere. Pronotum longer than wide, PW/PL ratio = 0.91; surface of pronotum impunctate except two punctures on each side of median area and few punctures around margin; with faint polygon-shaped microsculpture. Elytra shorter than pronotum, EL/PL ratio = 0.75. Elytra with large, deep contiguous punctures and dense polygon-shaped microsculpture.Abdominal terga 3–5 without arch-like carina. Male secondary sexual structures with shallow but broad emargination on sternum 7; with deep, broad V-shaped emargination on sternum 8; borders of emargination on sternum 7 and 8 appearing ‘shaved’ (with no setae). Aedeagus as in Fig. 3; in dorsal view paramere longer than median lobe; converging to elongate, narrow tip; apex of paramere with small emargination; in lateral view paramere concave, becoming narrower. Median lobe in dorsal view narrowing to rounded apex; in lateral view median lobe becoming narrower near flattened apex, with no subapical tooth.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known from the National Park Chingaza in the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia (Fig. 6). The holotype was collected in the Republic of New Granada (1831–1858), which refers to a region that included primarily Colombia and Panama, and smaller areas from the countries of Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/752487D7FF8E0678FDDFFEB3FDC036D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chatzimanolis, Stylianos;Brunke, Adam J.	Chatzimanolis, Stylianos, Brunke, Adam J. (2021): A new apterous rove beetle genus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Northern Andes with an assessment of its phylogenetic position. European Journal of Taxonomy 744: 67-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.744.1303, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.744.1303
752487D7FF81067AFDDDFB89FB493451.text	752487D7FF81067AFDDDFB89FB493451.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ikaros paramo Chatzimanolis & Brunke 2021	<div><p>Ikaros paramo gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8FE14A94-3312-4BA8-901A-DAE9542DF2B4</p><p>Figs 2B, 4</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species of Ikaros gen. nov. that lack arch-like carina on terga 3–5, I. paramo gen. et sp. nov. has punctures arranged in multiple rows, whereas I. apteros gen. et sp. nov. lacks any punctures on the pronotum, beyond the punctures along the median area.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet is derived from the name of the ecosystem (páramo) where the specimens were collected. It is treated here as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype (here designated) COLOMBIA • ♂; “ Colombia: Boyacá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.4166665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.45/lat 5.4166665)">SFF Iguaque Qda. Los Francos</a>, 5°25’N 73°27’W, 2860 m, Pitfall, 9–13.iii.2001, P. Reina Leg., M.1345 / SM0650483 [barcode label] / HOLOTYPE Ikaros paramo Chatzimanolis and Brunke, des. Chatzimanolis and Brunke 2020”; IAVH.</p><p>Paratypes COLOMBIA • 1 ♂; “ Colombia: Boyacá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.4166665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.45/lat 5.4166665)">SFF Iguaque Qda. Los Francos</a>, 5°25′N 73°27′W, 2850 m, Pitfall, 3–5.ix.2000, P. Reina Leg., M.756 / SM05500251 [barcode label]”; UTCI • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; “SM05500250 [barcode label]”; SEMC • 1 ♀; “ Colombia: Boyacá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.4166665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.45/lat 5.4166665)">SFF Iguaque Cabanā Mamaramos</a>, m4, 5°25′N 73°27′W, 2855 m, Malaise, 19.iv–6.v.2000, P. Reina Leg., M.55 / SM0548719 [barcode label]; SEMC • 1 ♀; “ Colombia: Boyacá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.4166665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.45/lat 5.4166665)">SFF Iguaque Cabanā Carrizal</a>, 5°25′N 73°27′W, 2850 m, Pitfall, 9–13.iii.2001, P. Reina Leg., M.1346 / SM0645316 [barcode label]”; SEMC. All paratypes with label “PARATYPE Ikaros paramo Chatzimanolis and Brunke, des. Chatzimanolis and Brunke 2020” .</p><p>Description</p><p>Forebody length 5.3–5.9 mm long. Coloration reddish brown with head and mouthparts slightly darker brown. Head transverse, HW/HL ratio = 1.21. Epicranium with numerous large punctures, except impunctate centre; punctures not contiguous, distance between punctures varies; with faint polygonshaped microsculpture. Labial palpus with palpomere 3 widest apically, subparallel-sided.Antennomeres with crown-like macrosetae shorter than length of antennomere. Pronotum longer than wide, PW/PL ratio = 0.88; surface of pronotum with a median impunctate area as wide as 4–5 punctures; with 2–3 rows of disorganized punctures in addition to rows flanking impunctate centre; with faint polygonshaped microsculpture. Elytra shorter than pronotum, EL/PL ratio = 0.79. Elytra with large, deep punctures, distance between punctures equals to width of 0.5–1 punctures; elytra with faint polygonshaped microsculpture. Abdominal terga 3–5 without arch-like carina. Male secondary sexual structures with shallow emargination on sternum 7; with shallow, narrow U-shaped emargination on sternum 8; borders of emargination on sternum 7 and 8 appearing ‘shaved’ (with no setae), but less so than in I. apteros gen. et sp. nov. Aedeagus as in Fig. 4; in dorsal view paramere subequal to median lobe; paramere broad, converging to rounded tip; in lateral view paramere more or less straight. Median lobe in dorsal view broad, narrowing to rounded apex; in lateral view median lobe becoming narrower near apex, with small subapical tooth.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species is only known from Iguaque Fauna and Flora Sanctuary (SFF Iguaque) in the Boyacá Department of Colombia (Fig. 6).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The holotype is currently in the collection of SEMC but due to the collecting permit requirements (Z. Falin pers. com.), it will be transferred to the IAVH collection in the near future.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/752487D7FF81067AFDDDFB89FB493451	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chatzimanolis, Stylianos;Brunke, Adam J.	Chatzimanolis, Stylianos, Brunke, Adam J. (2021): A new apterous rove beetle genus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Northern Andes with an assessment of its phylogenetic position. European Journal of Taxonomy 744: 67-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.744.1303, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.744.1303
752487D7FF83067BFDEEFE09FB133183.text	752487D7FF83067BFDEEFE09FB133183.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ikaros polygonos Chatzimanolis & Brunke 2021	<div><p>Ikaros polygonos gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D7581C8A-2D3A-4D1A-977B-F82E03BD07A7</p><p>Figs 2C, 5</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Ikaros polygonos gen. et sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species in this genus by the presence of an arch-like carina on terga 3–5 (absent in the other two species); the stark polygon-shaped microsculpture on the dorsal surface of the head, thorax and elytra (absent in the other two species) and the long crownlike macrosetae (macrosetae at least twice as long as antennomeres) on the antennomeres (macrosetae much smaller in the other two species).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet is derived from the Greek word ‘πολύγωνος’ (‘polygon’) and refers to the stark polygon-shaped microsculpture of the head, thorax and elytra. It is treated here as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype (here designated) VENEZUELA • ♂; “ Venezuela, Merida, Tabay, 7 km E. La Mucuy Station, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.04056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.628889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.04056/lat 8.628889)">Sierra Nevada Natl. Park</a>, 2300–2700 m, 8°37′44″N 71°2′26″W, 24.v.1998, R. Anderson, VEN1A98 036B. ex: upper montane forest litter / SM0114364 [barcode label] / HOLOTYPE Ikaros polygonos Chatzimanolis and Brunke, des. Chatzimanolis and Brunke 2020”; MIZA.</p><p>Description</p><p>Forebody length 5.2 mm long. Coloration of body reddish brown, with head and pronotum having undertones of metallic green-brown. Head transverse, HW/HL ratio = 1.16. Epicranium with numerous large punctures, except impunctate centre; punctures not contiguous, distance between punctures typically width of 1–2 punctures; with stark polygon-shaped microsculpture. Labial palpus with palpomere 3 widest before apex. Antennomeres with crown-like macrosetae at least twice as long as antennomeres. Pronotum longer than wide, PW/PL ratio = 0.9; surface of pronotum with a median impunctate area as wide as 2–3 punctures; with 4–5 rows of punctures in addition to rows flanking impunctate centre; with stark polygon-shaped microsculpture. Elytra shorter than pronotum, EL/PL ratio = 0.8. Elytra with large, deep contiguous punctures and dense polygon-shaped microsculpture. Abdominal terga 3–5 with archlike carina. Male secondary sexual structures with shallow emargination on sternum 7; with shadow, small U-shaped emargination on sternum 8; borders of emargination on sternum 7 and 8 appearing ‘shaved’ (with no setae), but less so than in I. apteros gen. et sp. nov. Aedeagus as in Fig. 5; in dorsal view paramere slightly longer than median lobe; paramere broad, converging to broad, rounded tip; in lateral view paramere narrower apically. Median lobe in dorsal view becoming narrow to small apex; in lateral view median lobe concave, becoming narrower near curved apex, without subapical tooth.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality in Sierra Nevada National Park in Venezuela (Fig. 6).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The holotype is currently in the collection of SEMC but due to the collecting permit requirements (R. Anderson pers. com.), it will be transferred to the MIZA collection in the near future.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/752487D7FF83067BFDEEFE09FB133183	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chatzimanolis, Stylianos;Brunke, Adam J.	Chatzimanolis, Stylianos, Brunke, Adam J. (2021): A new apterous rove beetle genus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Northern Andes with an assessment of its phylogenetic position. European Journal of Taxonomy 744: 67-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.744.1303, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.744.1303
752487D7FF82067BFF05FB74FAAB3317.text	752487D7FF82067BFF05FB74FAAB3317.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ikaros Chatzimanolis & Brunke 2021	<div><p>Key to the species of Ikaros gen. nov.</p><p>1. Arch-like carina present on terga 3–5; stark polygon-shaped microsculpture present on the dorsal surface of the head and thorax; long (macrosetae at least twice as long as antennomeres) crown-like macrosetae on antennomeres ................................................................. I. polygonos gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>– Arch-like carina absent on terga 3–5; without stark polygon-shaped microsculpture on the dorsal surface of the head and thorax; crown-like macrosetae on antennomeres not as long, shorter than antennomeres .................................................................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Disc of pronotum with only the few punctures of the dorsal row .............. I. apteros gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>– Disc of pronotum with multiple rows of punctures ................................... I. paramo gen. et sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/752487D7FF82067BFF05FB74FAAB3317	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chatzimanolis, Stylianos;Brunke, Adam J.	Chatzimanolis, Stylianos, Brunke, Adam J. (2021): A new apterous rove beetle genus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Northern Andes with an assessment of its phylogenetic position. European Journal of Taxonomy 744: 67-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.744.1303, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.744.1303
