identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
752C87D9C570FFFCFF3DFB90FD6CFBD8.text	752C87D9C570FFFCFF3DFB90FD6CFBD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chironomus (Lobochironomus) bifidus Pal et Hazra 2017	<div><p>Chironomus (Lobochironomus) bifidus Pal et Hazra, sp. n.</p> <p>Figs 1–9</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype: male with pupal exuviae [reared] India: West Bengal:</p> <p>Malda, Gour [24°90´N, 88°11´E], 04.I 2016, leg. G. Pal (Type no. B. U. Ent. 293). Para-</p> <p>types: 5 males, the same data as holotype.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION. MALE (n = 6) (Figs 1–4). Total length 4.38–5.69 mm; wing length</p> <p>2.68–2.9 mm; total length/wing length 1.66–2.12; wing length/length of profemur 2.22–2.28.</p> <p>Coloration. Thorax brown. Abdomen brown with few setae. Wing transparent.</p> <p>Head. Eyes bare with 65–73 μm long dorsomedian parallel sided extension. Temporal setae 11–14 (IV 2–4, OV 2–3, Po 3–4). Frontal tubercle present. Clypeus with 11–16 setae on each side. Tentorium 100–166 μm long and 33–42 μm wide at sieve plate. AR 3.75–4.5;</p> <p>ultimate flagellomere 1056–1220 μm long; total antennal length 1300–1545 μm. Length ratio of palpomeres (I–V) (μm): 81–130, 81–114, 81–114, 97–114, 49–81. CA 0.51–O.55, CP</p> <p>1.61–2.04.</p> <p>Thorax. Acrostichals 10–12; antepronotals 6–10. dorsocentrals 5–6 setae; prealars 4–7;</p> <p>scutellum 8–10 setae.</p> <p>Wing (Fig. 1). Wing transparent without any markings. Anal lobe indistinct. Squama with</p> <p>15–17 setae. Brachiolum with 2 setae. R 2+3 well separated from R 1. Number of setae at R 23–</p> <p>26, R 1 16–20, M 1 1–2, M 3+4 1–2. CR 1.11–1.15, VR 1.06–1.16.</p> <p>Legs. Fore tibial scale (Fig. 2) rounded with 140–146 μm long and 8–9 μm wide with 2</p> <p>setae. Midtibia with 17–19 μm long and 96–98 μm wide closely approximated combs with two equal sized spurs, 47–49 μm long and 15–16 μm wide each. Hindtibia with 47–49 μm</p> <p>long and 578–580 μm wide closely approximated combs with two equal sized spurs, 64–65</p> <p>μm long and 15–16 μm wide each. Fore, mid and hind leg with 63–65 μm, 48–49 μm and</p> <p>62–65 μm long sickle shaped claws respectively. Length of pulvilli at fore, mid and hind leg</p> <p>54–56 μm, 40–41 μm, 50–52 μm respectively with sub equal to the length of claw. Width at apex of fore, mid and hind tibia 62–65 μm, 47–49 μm and 47–49 μm respectively. Length</p> <p>(µm) and proportions of legs segments are as follows:</p> <p>Hypopygium (Fig. 3). Base of anal point broad, apex moderately swollen, 85–97 μm long and 33–35 μm wide. Anal tergite band T–shaped. Lateral sternapodeme 81–114 μm long,</p> <p>transverse sternapodeme 163–295 μm long. Gonocoxite 123–244 μm long bearing 6–8 setae at outer side. Gonostylus 144–195 μm long with 18–20 inner subapical setae arranged in two parallel rows, few of which apically split. Superior volsella (Fig. 4) 123–195 μm long,</p> <p>moderately projected posteriorly, swollen apically without any seta, microtrichiose; beaklike apicomedian projection 56–88 μm long, 1.5–2 times as long as the average width of basal portion. Inferior volsella 185–195 μm long, parallel–sided with 10–12 dorsal split setae. HR</p> <p>0.85–1.25, HV 2.9–3.1.</p> <p>FEMALE. Unknown.</p> <p>PUPA (n = 1) (Figs 5–9). Total length of exuviae 6.8 mm. Colouration. Light brown.</p> <p>Dark brown margin at wing sheath, origin of antenna and margin of tergites.</p> <p>Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome (Fig. 5) 405 μm long and 324 μm wide. Cephalic tubercle not prominent with 8 μm long one apical seta. Frontal wart absent. Thoracic horn plumose arising from kidney shaped basal ring (Fig. 6), 113 μm long and 82 μm wide.</p> <p>Antennal sheath 1.78 mm long. Wing sheath 1.77 mm long.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 7). Tergites I, VII and VIII bare. T II–VI with uniform shagreen. Con-</p> <p>junctive III/IV with L setae. T II with 3 pairs of L setae at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 of segment length.</p> <p>T II with hookrow consisting of ca 54–56 hooklets occupying 0.75 of segment width. Pedes spurii A and B present. T III with 4 pairs of L setae at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 of segment length.</p> <p>T IV with 4 pairs of L setae at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 of segment length. T V with 4 pairs of LS</p> <p>setae at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.7 of segment length. T VI with 4 pairs of LS setae at 0.2, 0.3, 0.6</p> <p>and 0.8 of segment length. T VII with 4 pairs of LS setae at 0.2, 0.43, 0.6 and 0.8 of segment length. TVIII (Fig. 8) with 5 LS setae placed 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 of segment length.</p> <p>Caudolateral comb (Fig. 9) deep brown with 3–4 stronger spines, none dominant.</p> <p>Approximately 80 taeniae on anal lobe (Fig. 8) and dorsal seta absent.</p> <p>DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS. The new species can be distinguished by the following characteristics: Male. i) Anal point with broad base tapering to moderately swollen apex, ii)</p> <p>gonostylus with inner subapical setae arranged in two parallel rows, few of which apically split, iii) superior volsella with microtrichia moderately projected posteriorly, swollen apically,</p> <p>iv) beaklike apicomedian projection of superior volsella without any seta and v) inferior volsella parallel sided with dorsal split setae; Pupa. i) Cephalic tubercle not prominent with one apical seta and ii) caudolateral comb with 3–4 stronger spines, none dominant.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. The name “ bifidus ” refers to Latinized version of dorsal split setae of inferior volsella.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. Known only from India.</p> <p>REMARKS. The new species bears similarity with Chironomus (Lobochironomus)</p> <p>dorsalis Meigen (1818) in the shape of anal point and inferior volsella, but differs in the shape of gonostylus and superior volsella in adult male. It also shows similarity with C. (Lobochironomus) austini Beck and Beck (1970) in the shape of anal point and inferior volsella, but differs in the shape of gonostylus and superior volsella of adult male; the shape of caudolateral comb of pupa also differs.</p> <p>NEW RECORD</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/752C87D9C570FFFCFF3DFB90FD6CFBD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pal, G.;Hazra, N.	Pal, G., Hazra, N. (2017): Description of Chironomus bifidus sp. n. and first record of Ch. crassiforceps (Kieffer, 1916) from India (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae). Far Eastern Entomologist 338 (338): 10-15, DOI: 10.25221/fee.338.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.338.2
752C87D9C575FFFDFF3DFB61FD8DFE6F.text	752C87D9C575FFFDFF3DFB61FD8DFE6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chironomus (Chironomus) crassiforceps (Kieffer 1916)	<div><p>Chironomus (Chironomus) crassiforceps (Kieffer, 1916)</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. India: West Bengal: Berhampur, 24°14ʹN, 88°26ʹE, 03.II</p> <p>2003, 1 ♂ with larval and pupal exuviae, leg. U. K. Mandal; Old Malda, 25°05ʹN, 88°13ʹE,</p> <p>23.XI 2013, 2 ♂ with larval and pupal exuviae, leg. G. Pal.</p> <p>REMARKS. This species was described first by Kieffer (1916) as Tendipes crassiforceps and all the life stages were described by Tokunaga (1964). After that several authors described this species under different names from Saipan, Guam, Japan, and Caroline Island.</p> <p>The species conforms to the same of Kieffer (1916) with minor differences in morphometric variations like body length, AR and LR. The key features of the species are: Male. i) Squama with 7–9 setae, ii) anal tergite band weakly developed, iii) anal point lancet–like, iv) superior volsella slightly curved and uniformly wide and vii) inferior volsella extended up to the tip of gonostylus with one long and 15–20 short incurved apical setae; Pupa. i) Cone shaped cephalic tubercle with sub–apical frontal setae, and ii) caudolateral spur consisting of brush–</p> <p>like apex with closely apposed 2 spines; Larva. i) Mentum with apparently trifid median and</p> <p>6 pairs of lateral teeth, and ii) pecten epipharyngis with row of 12–14 teeth.</p> <p>We wish to express our sincere thanks to Dr. P.K. Chaudhuri, Former Professor, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India for critically reading the manuscript and giving valuable suggestions. Authors are thankful to the Head, DST–FIST and UGC–SAP–DRS sponsored Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West</p> <p>Bengal for laboratory facilities.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/752C87D9C575FFFDFF3DFB61FD8DFE6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pal, G.;Hazra, N.	Pal, G., Hazra, N. (2017): Description of Chironomus bifidus sp. n. and first record of Ch. crassiforceps (Kieffer, 1916) from India (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae). Far Eastern Entomologist 338 (338): 10-15, DOI: 10.25221/fee.338.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.338.2
