taxonID	type	description	language	source
7B4987B1DF46FFE5FF52F9A7B2483FE3.taxon	description	Taxonomic and distributional remarks: — Rhaponticoides ruthenica, even in narrow circumscription, is widely distributed in Afghanistan, Armenia, Belarus, Caucasus, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, NW Iran, NW Pakistan, SE Turkey, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, W Siberia, Middle Asia and Central Europe (Tzvelev 1963, Wagenitz 1980, Bădărău et al. 2001, Duran et al. 2014, Ranjbar & Negaresh 2014 a). Rhaponticoides ruthenica is the only species of the genus that is distributed in both Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian regions. This species has the widest distribution range among the species of the genus. Rhaponticoides ruthenica grows in steppes, forest steppes and mesoxerophytic bushy submediterranean habitats from west Palaearctis (Bădărău et al. 2001). In addition, it can be expected to grow on stony slopes, meadows, follow fields, outcrops of chalk and limestone, in mid-montane zone, at elevations of 1600 – 3300 m. In Iran, R. ruthenica closely resembles R. bachtiarica in its habit. Chromosome numbers: — Tonian (1980), Agababian & Goukasian (1994) and Gaffari & Shahraki (2001) reported the same chromosome number 2 n = 2 x = 30 for Centaurea ruthenica.	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Khoshroo, Sayed Mohammad Reza, Karamian, Roya, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2015): A revision of Rhaponticoides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 213 (2): 87-101, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.213.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.213.2.2
7B4987B1DF46FFE5FF52F9A7B2483FE3.taxon	materials_examined	Selected specimens examined: — IRAN. Prov. Azerbaijan: Chalil Kuh, in faucibus NW Selvana, in rupium fissuris, 1750 – 2000 m, Rechinger 48895 (W!); Ghogeh Dagh, W Bazaragn, 2100 – 2250 m, Lamond 4994 (E!); W. Rechinger 43984 (E!, W!). AFGHANISTAN. Ghorat: Darrah-e Ghuk prope Puni, 2200 m, 6 June 1971, Podlech 21933 (KU!); Wakhan: in valle Daryao Baroghil, 3200 – 3300 m, Anders 7850 (W!); Bamian: Band-e Amir ad lacum Band-e Panir, 2800 m, Rechinger 18407 - b (W!). KYRGYZSTAN. 17 August 1998, Robertson et al. 5851 (E!); 25 August 1998, Robertson et al. 6003 (E!). TURKEY. B 9 Ağrı: Patnos, Karakuyu village road, 1681 m, 8 August 2009, 39 ° 20 ’ 040 ’’ N, 42 ° 44 ’ 521 ’’ E, Duran & Doğan 8730 (KNYA!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Khoshroo, Sayed Mohammad Reza, Karamian, Roya, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2015): A revision of Rhaponticoides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 213 (2): 87-101, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.213.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.213.2.2
