identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7B52527A2405FF8675B365F2F46FF8EB.text	7B52527A2405FF8675B365F2F46FF8EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Margogastrius Schwarz 1903	<div><p>Margogastrius Schwarz, 1903</p> <p>Gastrimargus Schwarz, 1902: 309, preocc. by Gastrimargus Saussure, 1884 (Orthoptera).</p> <p>Margogastrius Schwarz, 1903: 80; Schwarz, 1906: 310, 312; Schenkling, 1927: 509; Fleutiaux, 1919: 106.</p> <p>Type species (by monotypy): Gastrimargus schneideri Schwarz, 1902.</p> <p>Diagnosis (female): Mandible falcate unidentate, pronotal sides rounded without lateral carina, procoxae open externally, prosternal process with dorsal surface curved dorsad to apex; free margin of metacoxal plate short and reduced laterally, tibiae widened apicad with dorso-apical angles straight and not produced, metatrochanter strongly convex, metafemur convex weakly widened dorso-ventraly; tarsomeres and claws simple.</p> <p>Distribution: TANZANIA.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2405FF8675B365F2F46FF8EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2405FF8B77B461D2F4EDFB6B.text	7B52527A2405FF8B77B461D2F4EDFB6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Margogastrius schneideri (Schwarz 1902)	<div><p>Margogastrius schneideri (Schwarz, 1902)</p> <p>(Figs. 1, 34A)</p> <p>Margogastrius schneideri Schwarz, 1903: 80; Schwarz,</p> <p>1906: 312; Schenkling, 1927: 509. Gastrimargus schneideri Schwarz, 1902: 310.</p> <p>Redescription (female, Fig. 34A): Integument light brown with antennae, elytral base, ventral pterothorax and ventrites lighter; covered with short, fine and decumbent yellow setae, denser on ventral surface. Length 13.0 mm; elytral base as wide as prothorax; elytra 2.5 times longer than pronotum.</p> <p>Head (Figs. 1 B-C) with frons concave, frontal carina complete medially; frontoclypeal region steeply declivous to base of labrum, rectangular, about 3.0x wider than long; punctation fine and umbilicate, sparse at middle, dense on lateral and anterior margins. Antenna (Fig. 1A) with 11 antennomeres, serrate from antennomere III, nearly reaching the posterior half of the pronotum; antennomere III 2.0x longer than the II; IV as long as III. IEP 0.10. Mouthparts directed ventrally; labrum (Fig. 1B) semicircular, convex. Mandible (Fig. 1B) falcate, unidentate with laterodorsal surface with long setae; mesal margin at base with a row of short setae. Maxilla with galea trapezoidal, widened apicad, densely pilose; lacinia narrow, tongue-like, densely pilose; medistipes fused to the basistipes, corresponding area of the medistipes with one long stiff seta and several shorter and finer setae. Labium with mentum covered with fine and short setae. Maxillary and labial apical palpomeres elliptical.</p> <p>Prothorax (Figs. 1 D-F) dorsally and ventrally convex, 1.1x wider than long, sides rounded convergent anteriad from midlength in dorsal view, lateral carina absent; punctures umbilicate, 1-2 diameters apart on disc, denser on lateral margins; anterior angles not produced, posterior angles acute, short. Hypomeron (Fig. 1G) with punctures 0.5-1.0 diameter apart, umbilicate; posterior margin with a V-shaped notch near the hind angle. Notosternal sutures (Fig. 1E) straight sided, margined by a shiny band along hypomera. Prosternum (Fig. 1E) 1.25x longer than wide, with umbilicate punctures larger than those of hypomera, 0.5-1 diameters apart near midline, smaller and denser on lateral margins; prosternal anterior lobe covering mouthparts to mentum when head retracted. Prosternal process (Figs. 1E, F) with dorsal surface curved dorsad to apex, 1.0-1.8x longer than diameter of procoxae. Procoxal cavities open externally.</p> <p>Pterothorax (Figs. 1H, I): Mesoventrite with posterior region abruptly inclined ventrad about 43° in relation to anterior region, with anterior articulating surfaces weakly concave; borders of mesoventral cavity curved. Mesocoxal cavity open to mesepisternum (Fig. 1I) (closed in the right side of the lectotype); mesotrochantin not visible externally; mesocoxae separated by 0.7x their diameters; mesepisternum with a carina on inner anterior angle (Fig. 1I); mesometaventral suture distinct. Scutellum (Fig. 1J) cordiform, notched medially on anterior margin, abruptly elevated above the level of mesoscutum. Metaventrite (Fig. 1H) 1.7x wider than long, 1.6x longer than mesoventrite, finely and densely punctate; metepisternum about 5.0x longer than wide. Elytral sides parallel-sided to apical third then gradually tapering to apices; striae with a row of punctures, interstices convex, glabrous and non-punctate; epipleura abruptly narrowed near metacoxae. Hind wings (Fig. 1M) 1/4 shorter than elytra, unfolded; cross-vein r 3 very short, radial cell 3.5x longer than wide, CuA 1 absent; MP 4 linked to CuA 2 (it is linked to MP 3 in the other wing of the same specimen); wedge cell absent; apex with anterior and posterior field sclerotizations; anal notch present.</p> <p>Metacoxa (Fig. 1H) inclined 17° in relation to transverse axis of body; free margin of metacoxal plate short, absent on outer third. Metatrochanter and metafemur laterally convex, metafemur 2.2x longer than wide (Fig. 1L). Tibia (Figs. 1K, L) compressed laterally, 2.1x wider at apex than at base, with two spurs, a row of 10-13 spiniform setae along each outer and inner apical border and several spiniform setae on dorsal and ventral margins; tarsomeres simple, with fine and spiniform setae, decreasing in length from I-IV, V as long as III and IV together; claws simple.</p> <p>Abdominal ventrites with punctures umbilicate, 0.5-1 diameters apart; posterior angles of ventrites 2-4 with acute and prominent marginal plates; ventrite 5 pentagonal 1.5x wider than long. Tergite VIII (Fig. 1O) sparsely setose on anterior margin, anterior sclerotized margin rounded with a V-shaped notch medially. Sternite VIII (Fig. 1N) with base triangular with anterolateral angles acute directed laterad, apex shortly emarginate, partly membranous with a pair of longitudinal sclerotizations; spiculum 4.75 times longer than base. Sternite X (proctiger) as long as paraprocts; paraprocts 2.24x as long as coxites.</p> <p>Ovipositor (Figs. 1P, Q): baculi 4.6 times longer than coxites, strongly sclerotized; coxites evenly strongly sclerotized, without setae, with apices acute and divergent, without styli. Reproductive tract (Figs. 1P, R): bursa copulatrix with a pair of narrow sclerotizations; pedunculate anterior sac spherical and weakly sclerotized; duct of spermathecal gland opening at base of the pedunculate anterior sac.</p> <p>Lectotype: [Coll. Schwarz], [Africa or., Micindani, ex coll. F. Schneider], [Margogastrius schneideri Schw., Schneideri schneideri Schw], [Dtsch. Entomol. Institut Berlin], [coll. DEI, Müncheberg], [Margogastrius schneideri Schwarz, C. Girard vid. 1974], [S/F ?? Cardiophorinae, C. Girard det. 1974], [Lectotype], [Lectotype Margogastrius schneideri Schwarz, design. Douglas 2006], female (DEI).</p> <p>Paralectotype: [Coll. Schwarz], [Africa or., Micindani, ex coll. F. Schneider], [Margogastrius schneideri Schw.], [Dtsch. Entomol. Institut Berlin], [coll. DEI, Müncheberg], [Margogastrius schneideri Schwarz, C. Girard vid. 1974], [S/F ?? Cardiophorinae, C. Girard det. 1974], [Paralectotype], [Paralectotype Margogastrius schneideri Schwarz, design. Douglas 2006] 1 female (DEI).</p> <p>Distribution: TANZANIA.</p> <p>Remarks: Margogastrius present several characters attributed as synapomorfies to Cardiophorinae, such as cordiform scutellum, hind-wing without CuA 1 and wedge cell, wing anal area notched, female genitalia with a “glandular reservoir” (pedunculate anterior sac) entering the bursa copulatrix (Calder, 1996) and parallel-sided prosternum (Douglas, 2011). The phylogenetic analysis carried out by Douglas (2011) found a close phylogenetic relationship between Margogastrius and Cardiophorinae species.</p> <p>It presents most of the diagnostic characters attributed to the genus Cardiophorus Eschscholtz, 1829 based on species from Nearctic (Douglas, 2003) and Palearctic regions (Akhter et al., 2011): head wider than long, frons carinate, labrum large, procoxal cavities open, scutellum notched anteriorly, tarsomeres cylindrical and claws simple. Margogastrius is most similar to Coptostethus Wollaton, 1854, with which it shares the absence of lateral carina on pronotum and the hind wing reduction. Coptostethus was erected as a subgenus of Cardiophorus and includes various shortwinged Cardiophorinae (Douglas, 2011). I have compared Margogastrius species with a female of Coptostethus globulicollis Wollaton, 1862 from Tenerife (Canary island). Those species share the strongly dorsally and ventrally convex body, the prothorax with sides rounded and lateral carina absent, the absence of median occipital carina, the shape of metacoxal plate and the mesoventrite with posterior region abruptly inclined ventrad about 43° in relation to anterior region. Magogastrius differs from Coptostethus globulicollis in (the latter in parenthesis): its mandible unidentate (bidentate), tapered prosternal prosternum (truncate at apex), elytra 2.5 longer than pronotum (about1.5 longer) and fossorial legs (slender). The fossorial legs and the prosternal process tapered in lateral view seem to be the unique character that separate Margogastrius from most Cardiophorus species and Coptostethus globulicollis. Margogastrius also differs from those species in the mesocoxal cavity open to mesepisternum, neverthelles this is probably a labile character, since one specimen present one closed and one open mesocoxal cavity.</p> <p>Margogastrius is similar to the fossorial genus Patriciella Van Zwaluwenburg, 1953 from Australia (Calder, 1996) in its pronotum with lateral pronotal carina absent, prosternal process tapered in lateral view, procoxal cavities open, scutellum cordate, metatrochanter strongly convex and tibiae widened apically. It differs from this Australian cardiophorine in (the later in parentheses): median occipital carina absent (present), free margin in metacoxal plate present (absent), the pronotum more convex, tibiae with dorso-apical angle straight (acute and produced) and metafemur slender. Margogastrius is also distinguishable by its short antenna, elytral interstices convex and body ventrally and dorsally strongly convex.</p> <p>Margogastrius is also similar to the fossorial cardiophorine Blaiseus in the tibiae expanded apicad, the unidentate mandibles and the prosternal process curved dorsad (Douglas, 2009). It differs from this genus in (the later in parentheses): lateral pronotal carina absent (present), scutellum notched anteromedially (concave), elytral interstices convex (costate). Blaiseus species occurred in Oriental Region, Central America and South Africa and the only known female belonged to B. zamoranoensis Douglas, 2009 from Honduras. This female shares with Margogastrius the small eyes and the short hind wing.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2405FF8B77B461D2F4EDFB6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2408FF8D7468647DF1EFFBEB.text	7B52527A2408FF8D7468647DF1EFFBEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Teslasena Fleutiaux 1892	<div><p>Teslasena Fleutiaux, 1892</p> <p>Anelastes Kirby, 1857 (pars); Lucas, 1857: 71.</p> <p>Physodactylus Fischer von Waldheim, 1823 (pars); Bonvouloir, 1875: 711.</p> <p>Teslasena Fleutiaux, 1892: 405, 410; Schwarz, 1906: 310, 313; Schenkling, 1927: 509; Golbach, 1994: 27; Chassain, 2005: 65.</p> <p>Type species (by monotypy): Anelastes femoralis Lucas, 1857.</p> <p>Diagnosis (male): Mandible falcate, unidentate, antennae reaching or surpassing the posterior angles of pronotum, pronotal sides rounded with lateral carina directed dorsad anteriorly, not reaching the anterior margin of pronotum, prosternal process strongly curved with apex sagittiform in dorsal view, tapered in lateral view; scutellum pentagonal; metafemur strongly convex with dorsal margin rounded, tibiae widened apicad, protibia with dorsal apical angle acute and produced, tarsomeres simple, claws bifid, elytral striae with a median and two lateral rows of punctures, the lateral ones smaller and each one bearing a seta.</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL.</p> <p>Redescription (male): Integument (Figs. 34B, C) shiny, evenly light brown to black or colored in variable patterns; dorsal surface glabrous, except for the scutellum, base of pronotum, elytral base and striae, which are covered with yellow setae in most, ventral surface densely covered by decumbent to semi-erect yellow setae. Total length: 7.5-12.0 mm; elytral base as wide as prothorax, elytra 2.6-3.1x longer than pronotum.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 2B) directed anteroventrally, anterior margin of frons straight or rounded; frontal carina complete, not produced anteriad; frontoclypeal region (Fig. 2C) steeply declivous to base of labrum 3.0-3.7x wider than long; punctation double, smaller punctures heterogeneously distributed, larger punctures sparse anteriorly, 0.2-0.5 diameters apart posteriorly. Antenna (Fig. 2A) with 11 antennomeres, antennomere II globular, III-XI serrate, III 2.5-2.7x longer than II. IEP 0.21-0.45. Labrum (Fig. 2D) convex, 2.5 times wider than long, densely and coarsely punctate, covered with long setae. Mandible (Fig. 2E) falcate, unidentate, laterodorsal face punctate with long and short setae, lateral edge evenly or abruptly curved to apex, mesobasal margin translucent and covered with microsetae. Maxilla (Fig. 32A, 32B) with medistipes partly fused to basistipes; medistipes triangular wider than long with several short and fine setae and one long and stiff seta; galea oval, outer anterior part covered with long setae, inner part with denser and shorter setae; lacinia elongate, acutely narrowed apicad, densely pilose. Labium (Fig. 32C): prementum with anterolateral angles strongly produced laterad, anterior margin fringed by short and fine setae; palpigers contiguous, palpomere II with 2-3 long and stiff setae. Maxillary and labial apical palpomere securiform.</p> <p>Pronotum (Figs. 2 F-H) weakly convex 1.1-1.3x wider than long with lateral margins rounded, anterior margin straight or rounded and weakly produced anteriad; lateral carina not reaching the anterior margin, directed dorsad anteriorly, entirely visible on dorsal view (Fig. 32D), with double punctation heterogeneously distributed, larger punctures predominant on disc, lateral and anterior margins; posterior border densely punctate with the smallest punctures, larger punctures sparse; anterior angles indistinct; posterior angles non-carinate, narrow, acute and divergent. Hypomeron (Fig. 2H) with heterogeneous double punctation 1-3 diameters apart anteriorly, gradually sparser posteriad, smooth on anterior 1/5-1/4, posterior margin with an inverted V-shaped notch near the posterior angle. Notosternal suture (Fig. 2F) straight, hypomera not margined. Prosternum (Fig. 2F) 1.0-1.1x longer than wide, with homogeneous double punctation, 0.5-1.0 diameter apart, smaller punctures predominant; anterior margin straight, covering mentum. Prosternal process (Figs. 2F, H) 2.2-2.4x longer than diameter of procoxae; ventral surface laterally compressed and ascending at about 45° to apex. Procoxal cavity closed.</p> <p>Pterothorax (Figs. 2 I-K): Mesoventrite with posterior region inclined about 60° above of the anterior region (Fig. 2K), with anterior articulating surfaces short and weakly concave; lateral lobes narrow, directed lateroposteriad; borders of mesoventral cavity straight divergent posteriad on anterior 2/3, convergent on apical third. Mesocoxal cavity closed, free trochantin absent; mesepisternum with a weak carina anteromedially (Fig. 2J). Mesometaventral suture distinct. Metaventrite 1.40-1.48x wider than long, 1.57-1.62x longer than mesoventrite, with double punctation; metepisternum 6 times longer than wide. Scutellum pentagonal 1.0-1.3 longer than wide with anterior margin straight, abruptly elevated above the level of mesoscutum. Metanotum (Fig. 2L) with prescutum separated medially from the scutum by a median membranous; posterior part of the scutellum elongate, with a longitudinal apodeme. Elytra with apices conjointly rounded, striae with a median row of punctures without seta and a pair of lateral row of minuscule puncture each one bearing a seta (Fig. 32F); interstices flat on humeral region, convex posteriorly, smooth; epipleura gradually narrowed posteriad to metacoxa (Fig. 32G). Hind wing (Fig. 2M) with radial cell about 2x longer than wide, CuA 1 and wedge cell absent; apex with anterior, median and posterior field sclerotizations; anal notch present.</p> <p>Metacoxa inclined 28°-30° in relation to the transverse axis of body; inner third 1.7-2.1x longer than the dorsal outer 2/3; ventral part abruptly narrowed laterally with inner third 3.9-5.7x longer than outer 2/3; free margin of metacoxal plate absent (Fig. 2I). Tibiae with 8-14 spiniform setae along each outer and inner apical border (Fig. 32K), dorsal margin covered with several irregular rows of spiniform setae, outer and inner surface covered with fine setae. Protibia 2.6-2.9x wider at apex than at base, with dorsal margin rugose, slightly curved or sinuous with apical angle acute and produced inwards (Fig. 32H). Mesotibia 2.2-2.6x wider at apex than at base, with dorsal apical angle acute (Fig. 32I). Metatibia 2.7-3.1x wider at apex than at base with apical dorsal angle acute and produced laterad (Fig. 32J). Pro- and mesofemur subrectangular and convex; metafemur strongly convex with dorsal margin curved 1.7-1.9x longer than wide; metatrochanter less convex than metafemur. Tarsomeres (Fig. 32K) simple decreasing in length from I-IV, V shorter than III and IV together, densely covered with short setae; ventral surface of tarsomere I and apical borders of tarsomeres I-IV with long spiniform setae. Claws bifid (Fig. 32L).</p> <p>Abdominal ventrites (Figs. 2N, O) densely covered with short and decumbent setae on lateral 3/4, setae short to moderately long and semidecumbent medially, with punctation double homogenously distributed 0.5-1.0 diameter apart; marginal plate absent laterally, present on the posterior corner of ventrites 1-4 forming an acute and produced angle directed posteriad; ventrite 1 with lateral part 3.6-7.0x longer than the median part, 2-3 subequal in length, 4 shorter than 3 medially; ventrite 5 flat, pentagonal 1.5-2.1x wider than long. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with yellow setae. Tergite VIII (Fig. 2P) evenly sclerotized V-shaped with short setae on lateroposterior margin, anterior sclerotized margin curved with or without a median V-shaped notch; sternite VIII (2Q) evenly sclerotized or with a pair of circular membranous areas anteromedially, triangular to pentagonal with apex rounded, marginate or notched, covered with moderately to long setae posteriorly, anterior sclerotized margin straight or sinuous; sternite IX (Fig. 2R) fused to tergite IX at midlength of sternite IX, with anteromedian region membranous, latero-anterior margins sclerotized and strut-like; lateroposterior margins parallel or gradually narrowed posteriad, apex rounded with short and long setae; tergite IX (Fig. 2S) with anterior margin curved, apical lobes rounded, glabrous; tergite X (Fig. 2S) with apex membranous, suboval, smooth and glabrous, evenly sclerotized in most.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 2 T-V): Phallobase arch-shaped, lateroposterior parts parallel-sided, anterior margin with a pair of lateral acute and produced process, about 0.3x the total length of aedeagus, 0.8-1.1x longer than wide. Parameres tapered apicad with apex rounded; apex evenly sclerotized with one seta on each ventral and dorsal surface; dorsal surface as sclerotized as the ventral one with an oblique and elongate notch; parameres dorsally attached to penis at its midlength by a translucent membrane. Penis posterior to struts with basal part triangular, posterior part narrow, parallel-sided 0.77-1.47x as long as the triangular basal part; with or without a very small ventral sclerite (about 1/8 the penis length); basal struts about 0.5x the total length of penis.</p> <p>Remarks: The autapomorphies identified from Teslasena femoralis in the cladisitc analysis are shared by Teslasena foucarti, making them apparent synapomorphies of both species. Teslasena species are most similar to Globothorax latidens by the pronotum convex with sides strongly rounded. Nevertheless the combination of several characters (elytral striae in three rows, apex of hind wing with three sclerotizations, tarsal claws bifid, protibiae broadened apicad with dorsal apical angle strongly prominent and the marginal plates of abdominal ventrites 2-3 strongly prominent) distinguishes Teslasena species from Globothorax latidens. Besides, Teslasena differs from G. latidens in (G. latidens characters in parentheses): procoxae and mesocoxae closed (open), mesoventrite more inclined posteriorly (almost horizontal), prementum with latero-anterior angles prominent (non-prominent), frons carinate (non-carinate), mandible smaller, labrum without anterior fringe of setae (fringed with setae), shape of metatibiae and hind wing with three sclerotizations (two) (illustrations of G. latidens in Rosa, 2011).</p> <p>I have examined only photos of Globothorax chevrolati Fleutiaux, 1891, the type-species of the genus (figs. 105-107 in Rosa, 2011). This species is known only by female, which make comparisons with Teslasena species difficult, since these species are known only by males. Nevertheless, some differences not observed elsewhere to have been related to sexual dimorphism in elaterids can be pointed out between Teslasena and G. chevrolati (the latter in parentheses): labrum pentagonal (semi-elliptical), pronotum without notch between hind angle and median line (notched), prosternal process tapered in profile (truncate), free margin of metacoxal plate absent (present), claws bifid (trifid) and elytral striae with three rows of heterogeneous punctures (two rows of homogeneous punctures).</p> <p>Teslasena species are similar to Patriciella from Australia (Calder, 1996 and specimen examined) sharing falcate mandibles, pronotum convex with sides rounded, prosternal process curved posteriad of coxae and tapered in lateral view, the shape of protibia, with dorsal margin sinuous and dorso-apical angle acute and produced, the metatrochanter and metafemur strongly convex and widened dorsoventrally, the absence of free margin of metacoxal plate and abdominal marginal plate well developed. Teslasena differs from this fossorial cardiophorine in the presence of a lateral carina on pronotum, absence of the median occipital carina, procoxal cavity closed, meso and metatibia with dorso-apical angle less produced and tarsal claws bifid.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2408FF8D7468647DF1EFFBEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A240EFF8D776A65F2F1EEFAEB.text	7B52527A240EFF8D776A65F2F1EEFAEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Teslasena Fleutiaux 1892	<div><p>Key to species for male Teslasena</p> <p>1. Metatibial inner spur straight (Fig. 32J), pronotum with disc, anterior and lateral borders glabrous or with a few small setae (Figs. 32D, E), posterior border covered with short setae... T. femoralis (Fig. 34B)</p> <p>— Metatibial inner spur with tip curved, pronotum nearly entirely pilose with setae moderately long, shorter on posterior border................................................................................. T. foucarti (Fig. 34C)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A240EFF8D776A65F2F1EEFAEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A240EFF8F758264FDF1A8FCCB.text	7B52527A240EFF8F758264FDF1A8FCCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Teslasena femoralis (Lucas 1857) J. Chassain	<div><p>Teslasena femoralis (Lucas, 1857)</p> <p>(Figs. 2, 32, 34B)</p> <p>Anelastes femoralis Lucas, 1857: 71.</p> <p>Physodactylus femoralis; Bonvouloir, 1875: 711.</p> <p>Teslasena femoralis; Fleutiaux, 1892: 411; Schwarz, 1906: 313; Schenkling, 1927: 509; Chassain, 2005: 66.</p> <p>Teslasena lucasi Fleutiaux, 1899: 206; Schenkling, 1927: 509; syn. nov.</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 34B): Integument with variable color patterns: 1) entirely light brown or with antennomeres III-XI black; 2) brown to black with antennomeres I-II and legs lighter (Fig. 34B); 3) brown to dark brown with elytra lighter; 4) brown to black with antennomeres I-II, legs and elytra light- er; 5) brown to black with legs light brown, pronotum light brown with anterior, lateral and posterior borders each one with a triangular black spot, anterior and posterior spots short or elongate and contiguous along the median longitudinal area; 6) as the former but head with light brown spots on frontal and occipital areas; 7) as color pattern 5 but elytral base light brown; 8) as color pattern 5 but elytra light brown with sutural and lateral borders black; 9) black with antennomeres III-XI light brown or black, elytra bicolored as in the pattern 7; 10) as the former but with pronotum light brown with the median longitudinal third darker; 11) black with antenna, tibiae and tarsus light brown. Total length 7.5-12.0 mm; elytra 2.6 times longer than pronotum. Head (Figs. 2B, C) convex or with a median circular depression, frontal carina straight or rounded; IEP 0.21-0.45 antenna reaching the base of pronotal hind angle or surpassing it by one antennomere. Pronotum 1.11-1.3x wider than long, with double punctation on disc, larger punctures 1-3 diameters apart, denser on lateral borders; discal, anterior and lateral borders glabrous, posterior border pilose with short setae; some specimens with a few pronotal discal or lateral punctures with a minuscule seta (Fig. 32E). Scutellum covered with short setae. Elytra tapered apicad from humerus or anterior third.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 2 T-V): Phallobase 0.27-0.32x the total length of aedeagus, 0.84-1.13x longer than wide, ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 3.8-6.7; penis: basal triangular part with sides straight, apical part 0.77-1.47 as long as the triangular basal part; with or without ventral sclerite.</p> <p>Homeotype of T. femoralis: [Jatahy, prov. Goyas Brèsil, Sept. a Nov. 97], [Teslasena femoralis Luc, comparé 1899, Collection FLEUTIAUX], [Muséum Paris, Coll. E. Fleutiaux]; [Teslasena femoralis (Lucas) J. Chassain det. 05], male (MNHN).</p> <p>Material examined: BRAZIL. Rondônia: 3 exs. (MZUSP); Mato Gosso: 65 exs. (MNHN), 50 exs. (MNRJ), 32 exs. (MZUSP); Mato Grosso do Sul: 66 exs. (MZUSP); Goiás: 1 ex. (IBSP), 2 exs. (DZUP), 7 exs. (MNHN), 6 exs. (MZUSP).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Rondônia: Vilhena; Mato Grosso: Utiariti, Chapada dos Parecis, Chapada dos Guimarães, Campo Verde; Goiás: Mineiros, Jataí; Mato Grosso do Sul: Cassilândia, Costa Rica, Três Lagoas, Maracaju, Porto Murtinho.</p> <p>Remarks: Fleutiaux (1899) distinguished Teslasena lucasi from T. femoralis by its “body short and black, sides of pronotum narrowed near the base but not sinuous and punctation weaker”. The holotype of T. lucasi and similar specimens from Jataí and Chapada dos Guimarães examined bear ratio between the body length and width (without head) 2.73-3.04. These are the smaller measurements of a ratio that varies from 2.73-3.29, with relatively short and long specimens found in populations from same region, as those from Três Lagoas with body ratio 2.95-3.29. Body entirely black as in T. lucasi holotype is found in some specimens from Chapada dos Guimarães, which also includes specimens with the color pattern 8. Some specimens with long body from Três Lagoas, Campo Verde and Mineiros also exhibited body entirely black. The specimens from Vilhena are black as T. lucasi specimens, but they have body relatively longer and larger punctation. The holotype and two specimens of T. lucasi identified by Fleutiaux have the smallest punctation and the smallest eyes (IEP 0.21-0.26), however these features were also found polymorphic in specimens of T. femoralis of a same region. Therefore, specimens of T. lucasi do not present any unique combination of characters that differentiates them from specimens of T. femoralis examined. For this reason I propose synonymy T. lucasi under T. femoralis.</p> <p>Besides the polymorphisms in the body color pattern, pronotal punctation, eye size and relative body length, specimens of T. femoralis exhibit high variability in the antennal length, shape of the sternite VIII and in the ratio between the apical and basal parts of the penis. Specimens from Vera, Nova Mamoré and a specimen of T. lucasi have the shortest penis apical part (0.77-0.96x the basal length), while specimens from Três Lagoas have apical part ranging from 0.77-1.47x the basal length. Ventral sclerite of penis is usually absent in T. femoralis, except in the specimens from Chapada dos Guimarães and Chapada dos Parecis, which present a small sclerite.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A240EFF8F758264FDF1A8FCCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A240CFF8E764A62DDF5C8FC4B.text	7B52527A240CFF8E764A62DDF5C8FC4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Teslasena foucarti Chassain 2005	<div><p>Teslasena foucarti Chassain, 2005</p> <p>(Fig. 34C)</p> <p>Teslasena foucarti Chassain, 2005: 66.</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 34C): Integument brown to black, legs lighter. Total length 9.0-12.0 mm; elytra 2.3-2.4 times longer than pronotum. Head concave or with a median circular depression, frontal carina straight between antennal insertions; IEP 0.25-0.35 antenna reaching or surpassing the hind angle of pronotum by one antennomere. Pronotum 1.05-1.10x wider than long, with double punctation on disc, larger punctures 0.5-1.0 diameters apart, denser on lateral borders; densely pilose with long decumbent setae. Scutellum covered with short setae. Elytra tapered apicad from humerus.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Phallobase 0.31x the total length of aedeagus, 1.10x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 4.3; penis: basal triangular part with sides straight, apical part 0.71x as long as the triangular basal part; with a ventral sclerite.</p> <p>Holotype: [Brésil, (Mato Grosso), 14°15’50.80”S, 59°14’02.05”W, Chapada dos Parecis], [30 km N d’Uirapuru, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.233902&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.2641115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.233902/lat -14.2641115)">Usine Alcomat</a>, 1 au 15-XII-2001, A. Foucart leg.], [Holotype], [Teslasena foucarti sp. nov., Holotype, J. Chassain det. 04], male (MNHN).</p> <p>Paratypes: same data as holotype, 4 exs. (MNHN), 1 ex. (MZUSP).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Parecis.</p> <p>Remarks: T. foucarti (Fig. 34C) was detailed described by Chassain (2005), who distinguished this species from T. femoralis in the shape of the anterior margin of frons, which is straight in T. foucarti, its antennomeres relatively longer, the pronotum narrower anteriorly with punctation larger on lateral and anterior borders and the metatibial inner spur with tip curved. As discussed above, the analysis of a large series of T. femoralis revealed that those features, with the exception of the curved metatibial spur, are highly variable among the specimens and do not constitute consistent diagnostic characters. On the other hand, the curved tip of the metatibial inner spur was observed only in T. foucarti specimens, which also present body pilosity longer. The most evident difference in the pilosity of these species was observed in the pronotum, which is moderately long and usually dense on T. foucarti and absent or minuscule and scarce in T. femoralis. Their aedeagus do not present significant differences.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A240CFF8E764A62DDF5C8FC4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A240DFF8E7585655DF440F8EB.text	7B52527A240DFF8E7585655DF440F8EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Idiotropia Schwarz 1897	<div><p>Idiotropia Schwarz, 1897</p> <p>Athous Eschscholtz, 1829 (pars); Abeille de Perrin, 1894: 91.</p> <p>Idiotropa Schwarz, 1897: 63 (misspelling recognized by Schwarz, 1906: 314).</p> <p>Idiotropia Schwarz, 1906: 310, 314; Schenkling, 1927: 510.</p> <p>Type species (by monotypy): Athous henoni Abeille de Perrin, 1894.</p> <p>Diagnosis (male): Frontal carina absent, mandibles long, bidentate directed anteriorly; pronotum quadrate, weakly convex, sides widened anteriorly, anterior angles right not produced, posterior angle without carina; scutellum cordiform wider than long, convex and perpendicular to mesoscutum at base; elytra subparallel to posterior third, not fused to each other, wings absent; legs narrow, tibia and tarsomeres 1-2 with spiniform setae, tibial spurs robust, longer than setae, tarsomeres and claws simple.</p> <p>Distribution: ALGERIA.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A240DFF8E7585655DF440F8EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A240DFF9377B261DDF4C9FD2B.text	7B52527A240DFF9377B261DDF4C9FD2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Idiotropia henoni (Abeille de Perrin 1894)	<div><p>Idiotropia henoni (Abeille de Perrin, 1894)</p> <p>(Figs. 3, 4, 34D)</p> <p>Athous henoni Abeille de Perrin,1894: 91.</p> <p>Athus henoni; Schwarz 1897: 63 (misspelling).</p> <p>Idiotropa henoni; Schwarz, 1897: 63 (misspelling).</p> <p>Idiotropia henoni; Schwarz 1906: 314; Schenkling, 1927: 510.</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 34D): Body weakly convex; integument light to dark brown, legs and epipleura lighter; covered with short, fine and yellow setae, erect with curved apex. Total length: 4.0- 4.5 mm; elytral base 0.9-1.0x as wide as prothorax; elytra 2.3-2.4x longer than pronotum.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 3B) with frons flattened or slightly concave at middle, frontal carina absent; frontoclypeal region 45° declivous to base of labrum; punctures umbilicate, 0.5-1.0 diameter apart. Antenna (Fig. 3A) with 11 antennomeres, serrate from antennomere IV, surpassing pronotal posterior angles by two antennomeres; antennomere III 1.1x longer than the II; IV 1.7x longer than III; antennomere IV 1.4x longer than wide. IEP 0.31-0.33. Mouthparts directed anteriorly. Labrum (Fig. 3C) semielliptical, convex, covered with long setae. Mandible (Fig. 3C) long, falcate, bidentate, apical tooth long and acute, subapical tooth short and acute; laterodorsal face at base densely punctate, with long setae; lateral edge evenly curved apicad; mesal margin at base with a row of short setae. Maxilla with galea membranous, oboval, densely pilose; lacinia elliptical, densely pilose; medistipes trapezoidal, convex, longer than wide, with several long and short setae; Labium with mentum trapezoidal with a lateroposterior pair of long setae, parpifers contiguous. Maxillary and labial apical palpomeres elliptical.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 3D) weakly convex, 1.0-1.1 times longer than wide, sides rounded and divergent anteriad, lateral carina complete; punctures umbilicate, 1-2 diameters apart; anterior angles right, posterior angles short and flat; anterior margin rounded and produced (Fig. 3F). Hypomeron (Fig. 3G) with punctures umbilicate 0.5-3.0 diameters apart (sparser posteriad); posterior margin straight and contiguous to tip of hind angle, without notch. Notosternal suture nearly straight. Prosternum (Fig. 3E) trapezoidal divergent anteriad, 1.37x longer than wide, with punctures umbilicate and 0.5-1.0 diameter apart; anterior lobe short, covering mouthparts to mentum. Prosternal process (Fig. 3F) curved between coxae then straight to apex, 1.7x longer than diameter of procoxae. Procoxae open.</p> <p>Pterothorax: Mesoventrite with posterior region inclined ventrad about 25° in relation to anterior region (Fig. 3I), anterior articulating surfaces concave marginate posteriorly by a curve carina (Fig. 3L); borders of mesoventral cavity divergent from base to posterior margin of posterior lobes then curved and convergent. Mesocoxal open to mesepisternum and mesepimeron, mesotrochantin visible externally (Figs. 3H, I); mesepisternum (Fig. 3H) without carina, with inner and outer angles rounded. Mesoventrite separated from metaventrite at middle by a superficial groove (Figs. 3I, L). Metaventrite (Fig. 3L) 1.91x wider than long, 1.0-1.1x as long as mesoventrite, with punctation 0.5-1.0 diameter apart; metepisternum about 11 times longer than wide. Elytra weakly convex with sides parallel to posterior third, apices conjointly rounded; striae with a row of punctures surrounded by smaller punctures; interstices convex, epipleurae abruptly narrowed near metacoxae. Hind wings absent. Scutellum (Fig. 3J) cordiform 1.6-1.7x wider than long, convex, basal part perpendicularly elevated above the level of mesoscutum (Fig. 3K). Metanotum (Fig. 3J) with apodemes and allacrista reduced, scutellum and postnotum indistinct.</p> <p>Metacoxa (Fig. 3L) about 30° inclined in relation to transverse axis of body; outer half of the ventral part reduced to a line; inner half of the ventral part about 3 times longer than the dorsal lateral part; free margin of metacoxal plate absent to very short. Legs (Figs. 3 M-O) narrow, sparsely pilose. Metafemur 2.8x longer than wide, tibiae 2.0-2.6 wider at apex than at slightly produced, weakly sclerotized, without setae. base, with two subequal spurs stout and longer than Penis with sides gradually tapering from base of basal setae, with a row of spiniform setae along the dorsal struts to apex, basal struts 0.16x length of penis; dormargin and 5-7 spiniform setae along apical outer and sal articulation of penis with a short narrow process inner borders; spiniform setae decreasing in width between the basal struts fused to the parameres; ven- and length from pro- to metatibia; tarsomeres simple, tral sclerite narrow with apex upturned.</p> <p>with dense, long pilosity on ventral face, tarsomeres V</p> <p>longer than III and IV together; claws simple. Holotype: [Athous Henoni Abeille], [Collection Hé-</p> <p>Abdominal ventrites with punctures umbilicate, non], [Type], [Constantine, coll. Hénon], [Muséum 1.0-2.0 diameters apart; posterior angles of ventrites Paris Coll. E. Fleutiaux] male, (MNHN).</p> <p>right, without marginal plates; ventrite 1 as wide as</p> <p>2, gradually decreasing in width from 3 to 5; lateral Material examined: Without locality: 5 exs. (MNHN). part of ventrite 1 about 4.0x longer than its median ALGERIA, Constantine: 1 ex. (MNHN).</p> <p>part; 5 semioval 1.5-1.7x wider than long, convex at apex. Spiracles of tergite I small (Fig. 3J). Tergite VIII Distribution: ALGERIA.</p> <p>(Fig. 4D) suboval, evenly sclerotized, anterior margin curved, with minuscule setae on posterior margin; Remarks: Idiotropia henoni presents the mesometastersternite VIII (Fig. 4C) 1.84 wider than long, sclero- nal suture grooved which makes the meso- and metatized along anterolateral region, anterior margin pro- ventrite seem to be separated at middle, which was also duced anteriad and emarginate at middle; lateropos- observed by Candèze (1857) in South African species terior angles rounded and produced with a few short of Beliophorus Eschscholtz, 1829 (Dimini). Idiotropia setae. Sternite IX (Fig. 4A) partly sclerotized, fused henoni is similar to the Neotropical monotypic Apteroto tergite IX at anterior region of sternite IX, with elater Golbach, 1964 (Dimini) in the metacoxal plate anterior margin straight, sides subparallel, tapering to reduced laterally, in the convex scutellum wider than apex on posterior third; apex sparsely pilose. Tergite long, pronotal shape, general punctation and absence IX (Fig. 4B) evenly sclerotized, apex of posterior lobes of hind wings (figs. 3, 5 in Golbach, 1964).</p> <p>with a few long setae; tergite X (Fig. 4B) semioval with apex membranous, glabrous.</p> <p>Oligostethius Schwarz, 1906</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 4A, B): Phallobase suboval, convex with anterior margin folded dorsad, 0.33x length of Idiotropia Schwarz, 1897: 63 (pars); Schwarz, 1903: aedeagus; length ratio between lateroposterior and 375.</p> <p>median parts 0.2. Parameres dorsoventrally flattened, Oligostethius Schwarz, 1906: 310, 314; Schenkling, apex securiform elongate with lateral angle acute 1927: 510.</p> <p>Type species (by monotypy): Idiotropia capensis Schwarz, 1903.</p> <p>Diagnosis (male): Frontal carina absent between antennal insertions, mandibles long, bidentate; prothorax elongate, convex, sides rounded, wider than elytra, pronotum coarsely punctate, with anterior angles strongly produced over the eyes, posterior angles carinate; posterior margin of pronotum with a pair of lateral incisions; scutellum elliptical wider than long and strongly convex; elytra about twice longer than pronotum fused to each other, wings absent; legs narrow, tarsomeres and claws simple.</p> <p>Distribution: SOUTH AFRICA.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A240DFF9377B261DDF4C9FD2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2410FF9575A663BDF436F8EB.text	7B52527A2410FF9575A663BDF436F8EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oligostethius capensis (Schwarz 1903)	<div><p>Oligostethius capensis (Schwarz, 1903)</p> <p>(Figs. 5, 6, 34E)</p> <p>Idiotropia capensis Schwarz 1903: 375.</p> <p>Oligostethius capensis; Schwarz, 1906: 315; Schenkling, 1927: 510.</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 34E): Body convex. Integument brown or dark brown with antennae and legs light brown, covered with very short, fine, decumbent silvery setae. Total length: 9.6-10.0 mm; elytral base 0.83x as wide as prothorax, elytra 1.91x times longer than pronotum.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 5C) with frons (Fig. 5A) concave at median line, frontal carina absent medially; frontoclypeal region gradually declivous to base of labrum; punctures umbilicate, 0.5-1.0 diameter apart; antennal insertion (Figs. 5A, B) placed within saucerlike impression. Antenna with antennomere II cylindrical 1.3x longer than wide; antennomeres III-VI convex and serrate; III 1.7x longer than II and 1.6x wider than long; IV-VI subequal 0.92x as long as III and 1.1x wider than long. IEP 0.24; mouthparts directed ventrally. Labrum (Fig. 5A) semielliptical, convex. Mandible (Fig. 5A) narrow and long, bidentate, apical tooth long and acute, subapical tooth smaller; laterodorsal surface at base coarsely punctate with long setae, lateral edge evenly curved apicad; mesal margin at base with a row of short setae. Maxilla with galea oboval, densely pilose, lacinia elliptical, densely pilose; medistipes trapezoidal longer than wide with several long stiff setae and a few finer and shorter setae. Labial palpigers separate; mentum trapezoidal with a lateroposterior pair of long setae and sparsely short setae.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 5D) dorsally convex, 1.17-1.19x longer than wide, sides rounded, lateral carina complete (Fig. 5F), with punctures umbilicate, coalescent forming irregular striae; anterior angle produced anteriorly, wide and rounded covering half eye (Fig. 5F); posterior angle acute, short, with tip upturned (Fig. 3F), carinate; posterior margin adjacent to posterior angle with a short incision contiguous to a carina. Hypomeron (Fig. 5G) with punctures umbilicate, 0.5-1.0 diameter apart; posterior margin straight and contiguous to tip of posterior angle, without notch. Notosternal suture (Fig. 5E) margined by a shiny band along hypomeron margin at posterior half, grooved anteriorly. Prosternum (Fig. 5E) parallel-sided on posterior half, with divergent sides on anterior half, 2.31x longer than wide, with punctures umbilicate, 0.5-1.0 diameters apart; anterior prosternal lobe rounded and produced, covering mentum. Prosternal process (Figs. 5E, F) with ventral surface laterally compressed and ascending at about 45° to apex, 2.8x longer than procoxal diameter. Procoxae open.</p> <p>Pterothorax: Mesoventrite gradually inclined ventrad posteriorly about 30°, anterior articulating surfaces (Figs. 5H, I) concave marginate posteriorly by a prominent carina; borders of mesoventral cavity divergent from base to anterior margin of mesocoxae then curved and convergent. Mesoventral cavity deep, floor with a smooth median band bordered by minuscule punctation (Fig. 5H). Mesocoxal cavity (Fig. 5I) open to mesepisternum and mesepimeron, mesepimeron long, closing the major part of cavity; mesotrocantin visible; mesepisternum with a carina on the outer angle and a prominent carina on inner anterior angle contiguous to the anterior carina of mesoventrite. Mesoventrite separated from the metaventrite at middle by a weak groove. Metaventrite (Fig. 5H) 1.91x wider than long, 0.9x as long as mesoventrite, with punctation 0.5-1.0 diameter apart; metepisternum about 7x longer than wide. Elytra fused to each other along the median suture, sides divergent from humerus to posterior third then rounded to apex; striae with a row of punctures, interstices flat with dense, rasp-like punctation, epipleura abruptly narrowed near metacoxae. Scutellum (Fig. 5J) elliptical wider than long, strongly convex, abruptly elevated above the level of mesoscutum. Hind wings absent.</p> <p>Metacoxa (Figs. 5H, I) inclined 25° in relation to transverse axis of body, median region of the dorsal surface about 15x longer than outer region; free margin of metacoxal plate very small. Legs densely pilose, setae moderately long and curved apically. Metatrochanter and metafemur compressed laterally, metafemur 3.5x longer than wide. Tibiae compressed laterally, 2x wider at apex than at base, with two subequal spurs shorter than setae, with a row of 10-13 stiff setae along apical border; tarsomeres simple, densely setose on ventral face, decreasing in length from I-IV, V as long as III and IV together; claws simple.</p> <p>Abdominal ventrites (Figs. 5K, L) with punctures umbilicate, 0.5-1.0 diameter apart, marginal plates absent; lateral part of ventrite 1 2.0x longer than its median part, ventrite 1 narrower than 3, 3-4 subequal, 5 semioval 1.12x wider than long. Sternite VIII (Fig. 6A) subrectangular 2.73x wider than long with posterior margin emarginate, predominantly membranous with a pair of dark sclerotizations along the anterior margin and a pair of lateroposterior light scletotizations; tergite VIII (Fig. 6B) semioval, pilose, evenly sclerotized except for a membranous triangular region on anteromedian margin; sternite IX (Fig. 6C) partly sclerotized, fused to tergite IX at half length of sternite IX, with anterior margin bilobed and produced dorsad; posterior margin rounded, apex with short and long setae; tergite IX (Fig. 6D) evenly sclerotized, posterior lobes densely covered with short setae and a few long setae apically; tergite X (Fig. 6D) semicircular with apex membranous, sparsely pilose.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 6 E-G): Phallobase semicircular, strongly convex with a median dorsal apodeme, 0.3x total length of aedeagus; length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 0.3. Parameres convex on anterior 1/3, dorsoventrally flattened on posterior 2/3 (Fig. 6G); apex securiform short with outer angle rounded and produced, with a few setae on ventral face. Penis parallel-sided from base of basal struts to apex, basal struts 0.28x length of penis; dorsal articulation of penis with a short and narrow process between the basal struts fused to the parameres; ventral sclerite reduced to a line.</p> <p>Lectotype: [Coll. Schwarz], [Cap Alte Sammlung], [Oligostethius capensins Schw.], [Dtsch. Entomol. Institut Berlin], [Lectotype], [Oligostethius capensis Schwarz, C. Girard vid. 1979], [coll. DEI, Müncheberg], male, (DEI).</p> <p>Material examined: SOUTH AFRICA, 1 ex. (BMNH).</p> <p>Distribution: SOUTH AFRICA.</p> <p>Remarks: The specimen deposited in the MNHN collection has broken legs and antennae. The specimen of the BMNH collection has complete legs, incomplete antennae, broken elytra and its abdomen was lost. Last segment of maxillary and labial palpi was lost in both specimens.</p> <p>The data analyzed here support a close relationship of Oligostethius capensis and Idiotropia henoni. Oligostethius capensis also shares some noticeable characters with the Dimini Apteroelater: sutura mesometasternal grooved and elytral suture fused to each other. As discussed above, Oligostethius and Idiotropia appear to be related to Dimini species because they share the non-carinate frons, metacoxal plate reduced laterally and loss of hind wings. Oligostethius also shares with species of the genera Neodima Schimmel &amp; Platia, 1992 (Southeast Asia) and Anthracopteryx Horn, 1891 (Cental and North America) the shape of scutellum (convex, wider than long) and the oblongovate elytra. It is distinguishable from those species by its longer prothorax, which is wider than elytra, pronotum with punctation dense and coalescent forming irregular striae and posterior margin with a pair of lateral incisions.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2410FF9575A663BDF436F8EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2416FF97762061DDF1EFFCD4.text	7B52527A2416FF97762061DDF1EFFCD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxognathus Fairmaire 1878	<div><p>Toxognathus Fairmaire, 1878</p> <p>Toxognathus Fairmaire, 1878: 271; Fleutiaux, 1918a: 276; Fleutiaux, 1924: 178; Schenkling, 1927: 509; Fleutiaux, 1940a: 34; Fleutiaux, 1940b: 104; Stibick, 1979: 168; Bouchard et al., 2011: 319.</p> <p>Type species (by monotypy): Toxognathus costulatus Fairmaire, 1878.</p> <p>Diagnosis (male): Integument densely punctate with punctures rasp-like, covered with yellow setae predominantly erect, longer on lateral borders of elytra; pronotum wider than long, elytra parallel-sided on anterior 3/4 with striae deeply impressed with a row of punctures larger than those of pronotum, interstices convex or costate. Mandible short and wide with an oblique ridge on laterodorsal face, labrum subrectangular, concave and declivous anteroventrad. Posterior angles of ventrite 1 without marginal plate, of ventrites 2-4 with acute and produced marginal plates; tarsomeres simple, claws pectinate.</p> <p>Distribution: SOUTHEAST ASIA.</p> <p>Redescription (male): Integument bright, light to dark brown, reddish-brown or black; densely pilose, setae short, longer on abdominal ventrites, yellow or golden, erect on dorsal surface, predominantly decumbent ventrally. Total length: 5.0-12.0 mm; elytral base 1.0-1.1x wider than pronotum, elytra 2.5-3.1x longer than pronotum.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 9E) with margins over antennal insertions straight, oblique and convergent to the median straight margin. Frontal carina complete or absent between antennal insertions; frontoclypeal region gradually or steeply declivous to base of labrum about 5x wider than long; punctures coalescent 0.2 diameter apart. Antenna (Figs. 7E, 9A) with 11 antennomeres, serrate from antennomere IV, usually flat; antennomeres II and III subequal, III 1.0-1.05x as long as II; IV 1.9-2.5x times longer than III; IV-VI subequal as wide as long; VII-XI increasing gradually in length to apex. IEP usually 0.34-0.39. Labrum (Fig. 9D) subrectangular, anterior edge slightly emarginate or straight, concave and declivous anteroventrad, about 3.5x wider than long, coarsely punctate, with long setae. Mouthparts directed anteroventrad. Mandible (Fig. 9D) wide and short, unidentate or bidentate, apical tooth short, subapical tooth smaller; laterodorsal face coarsely punctate with an oblique ridge steeply declivous to apical part; lateral edge abruptly curved apicad; mesal margin at base with a row of short setae. Maxilla and labium covered with light-brown setae. Maxilla (Fig. 9B) with galea securiform, outer half with long and sparse setae, inner half with dense and short setae; lacinia elongate, elliptical, densely pilose; medistipes trapezoidal longer than wide with several short to long setae; Labium (Fig. 9C) with prementum deeply emarginate on anteromedian margin with anterolateral angles rounded, not produced; maxillary and labial palpi densely pilose with apical palpomere elliptical.</p> <p>Prothorax 1.10-1.25x wider than long, lateral carina complete, entirely lateroventral (Fig. 8B) or lateral on posterior region and directed ventrad anteriorly (Fig. 11C). Pronotum flattened to convex, densely punctate, punctures rasp-like and umbilicate; posterior angles of pronotum non-carinate. Hypomeron (Figs. 8C, 11C) with punctures smaller than those of pronotum, sparse, umbilicate, posterior 1/5 glabrous; posterior margin with an inverted U- or V-shaped short notch adjacent to posterior angle. Prosternal suture (Figs. 8C, 9G) curved, marginate by a shiny band along hypomeral margin. Prosternum (Figs. 8C, 9G) 1.07-1.20x wider than long, with punctures larger than those of pronotum, 0.5-1.0 diameter apart; anterior lobe truncate, covering mentum. Prosternal process (Figs. 8C, 9G) 2.5-2.6x longer than diameter of procoxae, curved between procoxae then straight, ventral surface a little narrower and shorter than the ventral surface forming a subapical tooth (Fig. 8D). Procoxae open.</p> <p>Pterothorax: Mesoventrite with posterior region abruptly inclined ventrad about 30° in relation to anterior region (Fig. 9I), with anterior articulating surfaces (Fig. 9H) concave bordered posteriorly by oblique carina, borders of mesoventral cavity nearly straight and divergent to mesocoxae then convergent (Fig. 9H); floor of cavity with shiny median band. Mesocoxal cavity (Fig. 9I) open to both mesepisternum and mesepimeron, trochantin visible; mesepisternum with an oblique carina anteriorly contiguous to the anterior carina of mesoventral articulating surface. Mesometaventral suture distinct. Metaventrite (Fig. 7B) 1.4-1.5x wider than long, 1.5-1.8x longer than mesoventrite, with punctation umbilicate, 0.2-1.0 diameter apart; metepisternum about 6.3-7.0x longer than wide. Scutellum abruptly elevated above the level of mesoscutum, pentagonal to subrectangular, longer than wide. Elytra gradually widened from humerus to posterior 1/3-1/4 then gradually rounded to apex; apices conjointly rounded; striae deeply impressed with a row of punctures; interstices convex, punctate, rugose; epipleura abruptly narrowed near metacoxa, slightly widened apicad from ventrite 2. Hind wings (Figs. 7F, 8E, 9K) with radial cell 3.75x longer than wide, CuA 1 present; wedge cell absent; apex with median and posterior field sclerotizations, convergent basad and an oblique sclerotization adjacent to the radial cell. Legs, Metacoxa inclined about 24° in relation to transverse axis of body, gradually shortened laterally, median ventral part about 3.5x longer than lateral part; free margin of metacoxal plate absent or short; metatrochanter and metafemur (Fig. 7I) weakly convex, metafemur 2.7-3.5x longer than wide. Tibiae (Figs. 7 G-I; 9J) 1.7-3.5x wider at apex than at base; apices with two subequal spurs longer than setae, with a row of 8-15 spiniform setae along each outer and inner apical border and 2-3 irregular rows of spiniform setae on dorsal margin, spiniform setae shorter than the fine setae. Tarsomeres (Fig. 9J) decreasing in length from I-IV, V about 1.2x longer than III and IV together, simple, densely pilose ventrally; claws pectinate (with more than six teeth).</p> <p>Abdominal ventrites (Figs. 8F, 9L) I-IV evenly covered with short setae and punctures 0.5-1.0 diameters apart, apical part of ventrite 5 with punctures coalescent forming longitudinal striae; posterior angles of ventrite 1 right without marginal plate, ventrites 2-4 with triangular marginal plates widened posteriad; ventrite 1 about 3x longer on lateral part than at middle, ventrites 2-4 subequal in length; ventrite 5 subtriangular 1.55-1.95x wider than long, strongly convex posteriorly (Fig. 9M). Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with brown setae. Sternite VIII (Fig. 10A) subrectangular, 1.7-2.0x wider than long, bilobed posteriorly, with a pair of light sclerotizations on lateral lobes and a dark T-shaped sclerotization on anteromedian margin; posterior margin of lobes with long brown setae; tergite VIII (Fig. 10B) evenly sclerotized with short and long brown setae on lateroposterior margin; sternite IX (Fig. 10C) with anteromedian margin rounded or acute, produced and curved dorsad, with a longitudinal dorsal apodeme, posterior part covered with brown setae longer on lateroposteri- or and apical margin; sternite and tergite IX fused near the anterior margin; tergite IX (Fig. 10D) with anterior margin bisinuose or straight, posterior lobes acute with long brown setae; tergite X (Fig. 10D) suboval with long brown setae on posterior border, apical margin membranous fringed by minuscule setae.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 10E, F): Phallobase M-shaped with lateroposterior parts parallel-sided or divergent posteriorly. Parameres usually not contiguous ventrally (fused basally in T. costulatus), with apex securiform, partly membranous, with short and long brown setae. Penis tapering to apex, dorsal articulation with a short and narrow process between the basal struts fused to the parameres; basal struts 0.28-0.34x shorter than the total length of penis; ventral sclerite present.</p> <p>Remarks: Toxognathus shares with “Physodacylinae” genera the widened tibiae and the prosternal anterior margin truncate, and can be easily recognized by its pectinate claws. Toxognathus is also similar to Melanotini (Elaterinae) genera by its pectinate claws, with more than six teeth. Toxognathus species differs from the majority of the species of Melanotini in (the later in parentheses): mesocoxal cavity open to mesepimeron and mesepisternum (open to mesepimeron only) and anterior prosternal margin short and truncate (rounded and produced). Toxognathus also differs from North American and Australian species of Melanotus in the phallobase with anterior edge notched (truncate or rounded) and by the absence of wedge cell on hind wing (present) (Quate &amp; Thompson, 1967; Calder, 1983). Nevertheless, some Palearctic species have phallobase more similar to that of Toxoganathus species (Kabalak &amp; Sert, 2011). Mouthparts and hind wings have been studied only for a few species of Melanotus, therefore the apparent synapomorphies found in these structures of Toxognathus could not be compared with those of other Melanotini genera.</p> <p>Hayek (1990) revised the Melanotus group of genera and showed that the majority of species have mesocoxal cavity open to mesepimeron, although the length of the suture that separates the mesepisternum from the coxal cavity is variable and at least one species of Priopus Laporte, 1840 have mesocoxal cavity open to both mesepimeron and mesepisternum. Toxognathus can be separated from species of this genus by its posterior angles of prothorax shorter and not strongly pointed sharply in ventral view and the tibiae widened apically. Hayek (1990) presented a key to elaterid genera with pectinate claws in which she separated Toxognathus from the other genera with “procoxal cavity wide open posteriorly” and “mesepisternum separated from the metasternum by the mesepimeron” by the following combination of characters: mandible unidentate, anterior margin of prosternum truncate and pronotum without basal lateral incisions. Nevertheless, some species of Toxognathus have mandibles bidentate and a pair of short lateral incisions on pronotum, therefore they can be recognized only by the anterior prosternal margin truncate.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2416FF97762061DDF1EFFCD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2414FF97749D62D2F1EDF8EB.text	7B52527A2414FF97749D62D2F1EDF8EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxognathus Fairmaire 1878	<div><p>Key to species for male Toxognathus</p> <p>1. Mandibles bidentate (Fig. 8A); prothorax with sides parallel or slightly rounded (Figs. 8B; 11D, E); pronotal lateral carina not visible in dorsal view................................................................................2</p> <p>— Mandibles unidentate (Fig. 9D); prothorax with sides sinuous at base and abruptly convergent on anterior region; pronotal lateral carina visible dorsally on posterior half. (Figs. 7A, 9F).....................4</p> <p>2. Frons flattened or slightly concave along the anterior border, eyes small (IEP 0.34-0.39); antenna surpassing the pronotal posterior angle; pronotum with sides rounded, posterior angles parallel (Fig. 11E); free margin of metacoxal plate short and triangular...........................................................................3</p> <p>— Frons deeply concave along the anterior border, eyes very small (IEP 0.23); antenna reaching the base of pronotal posterior angle; pronotum with sides almost straight, posterior angles divergent; free margin of metacoxal plate absent, (Figs. 11D)....................................................... T. fairmairei (Fig. 34K)</p> <p>3. Frons concave along the anterior border, frontal carina complete; antenna surpassing the hind angle of pronotum by one antennomere; posterior margin of pronotum with a pair of lateral incisions mesad of each posterior angle (Fig. 8B)........................................................................ T. coomani (Fig. 34H)</p> <p>— Frons flat, frontal carina absent medially; antenna surpassing the hind angle of pronotum by 3.5-5.0 antennomeres; posterior margin of pronotum without basal incisions (Figs. 11E)......................................................................................................................................................... T. mouhoti (Fig. 34L)</p> <p>4. Frontal carina present, protibia with dorsal apical angle right and not produced (Fig. 7G)................5</p> <p>— Frontal carina absent (Fig. 9D), protibia widened apicad with dorsal apical angle acute and produced (Fig. 9J)............................................................................................................. T. costulatus (Fig. 34I)</p> <p>5. Integument light brown; pronotal lateral carina prominent (Fig. 7A); elytral interstices convex; free margin of metacoxal plate short and triangular (Fig. 7B)...................................................................6</p> <p>— Integument dark reddish-brown to black; pronotal lateral carina not prominent; elytral interstices costate; free margin of metacoxal plate absent............................................... T. beauchenei (Fig. 34G)</p> <p>6. Frons deeply concave along the anterior border; antenna surpassing the pronotal posterior angle by two antennomeres; pronotal punctation 0.2-0.5 diameter apart.......................... T. dohertyi (Fig. 34J)</p> <p>— Frons flattened; antenna surpassing the pronotal posterior angle by one antennomere; pronotal punctation 0.5-1.0 diameter apart................................................................................. T. bakeri (Fig. 34F)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2414FF97749D62D2F1EDF8EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2415FF9675CD61DDF6E1FD14.text	7B52527A2415FF9675CD61DDF6E1FD14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxognathus bakeri Fleutiaux 1940	<div><p>Toxognathus bakeri Fleutiaux, 1940</p> <p>(Figs. 7 A-D; 34F)</p> <p>Toxognathus bakeri Fleutiaux, 1940b: 104.</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 34F): Integument very bright, evenly light brown. Total length 6.0 mm; elytral base 1.0x as wide as pronotum, elytra 2.9x longer than pronotum. Frons flattened; frontal carina complete. Antennae surpassing the posterior angles of pronotum by one antennomere. Mandible unidentate. Pronotum (Fig. 7A) weakly convex 1.17x wider than long with sides sinuous converging abruptly anteriad from anterior half, lateral carina prominent posteriorly, directed ventrad anteriorly, posterior angles divergent and convex; punctures 0.5-1.0 diameter apart. Elytral interstices slightly convex. Free margin of metacoxal plate (Fig. 7B) short, triangular; tibiae slightly widened apicad, out- er angle of protibia truncate. Tergite IX with anterior margin straight.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 7C, D): With phallobase 0.43x total length of aedeagus, 1.1x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 8.16; paramere with ventral anteromedian margins narrow, elongate and convergent; basal struts 0.33x total length of penis; ventral sclerite linear.</p> <p>Holotype: [Island of Penang, Baker], [Toxognathus bakeri Fleut., type, Collection Fleutiaux], [Type], [Muséum Paris, Coll. E. Fleutiaux], [Toxognathus bakeri (Fleutiaux), J. Chassain det. 05], [Lectotype], (MNHN).</p> <p>Distribution: MALAYSIA. Penang: Penang Island.</p> <p>Remarks: Toxognathus bakeri is similar to T. dohertyi mainly because of its light brown integument and the prominent lateral carina of pronotum, but differs from this species in its smaller size, lighter integument, flattened frons, pronotal punctures smaller and not coalescent and elytral interstices less convex. It shares with T. beauchenei the produced ventral anteromedian margin of the parameres.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2415FF9675CD61DDF6E1FD14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2415FF9977BC639DF1FDFD8B.text	7B52527A2415FF9977BC639DF1FDFD8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxognathus beauchenei Fleutiaux 1918	<div><p>Toxognathus beauchenei Fleutiaux, 1918</p> <p>(Figs. 7 E-K; 34G)</p> <p>Toxognathus beauchenei Fleutiaux, 1918a: 276; Fleutiaux, 1924: 178; Schenkling, 1927: 509; Fleutiaux, 1940a: 35.</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 34G): Integument dark reddish-brown, antennae evenly brown or with antennomeres I-V yellow, VI-X black and XI reddish-brown. Total length 9.0- 9.5 mm; elytral base 1.0-1.05x as wide as pronotum, elytra 2.60-2.66x times longer than pronotum. Frons deeply concave along the anterior margin; frontal carina complete. Antennae (Fig. 7E) reaching the posterior angles of pronotum. Mandible unidentate. Pronotum weakly convex 1.19-1.22x wider than long with sides sinuous converging abruptly anteriad from anterior half, lateral carina directed ventrad anteriorly, posterior angles divergent and convex; punctures coalescent forming weak longitudinal striae. Elytral interstices costate. Free margin of metacoxal plate absent, tibia slightly widened apicad (Figs. 7 G-I), outer angle of protibia truncate. Tergite IX with anterior margin straight or bisinuous.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 7 J-K): Phallobase 0.42x total length of aedeagus, 1.3x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 5.4; paramere with ventral anteromedian margin narrow, elongate and convergent, basal strut 0.29x total length of penis; ventral sclerite linear.</p> <p>Holotype: [Hanoi, Tonkin], [Toxognathus Beauchnei, Fleut. Type, Colletion Fleutiaux], [Type], [Muséum Paris, Coll. E. Fleutiaux], [Toxognathus beauchenei (Fleutiaux), J. Chassain det. 05], [Lectotype] (MNHN).</p> <p>Material examined: VIETNAM. Tonkin, 1 ex. (MNHN); Tam-Dao, 1 ex. (MNHN).</p> <p>Distribution: VIETNAM.</p> <p>Remarks: The specimen from Tam-Dao is somewhat different from the holotype in its more convex body, black integument with antennae and legs reddish-brown and longer antennae (surpassing the posterior angles by one antennomere). Its phallobase differs from that of the specimen from Tonkin in the relative ratio between length and width (0.98) and ratio between lateroposterior and median parts (7.3). Toxognathus beauchenei is most similar to T. costulatus by its size, color of integument and the costate elytral interstices, but can be easily distinguished by its protibia with dorsal apical angle truncate and not produced.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2415FF9977BC639DF1FDFD8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A241AFF987670631DF798FB34.text	7B52527A241AFF987670631DF798FB34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxognathus coomani Fleutiaux 1940	<div><p>Toxognathus coomani Fleutiaux, 1940</p> <p>(Figs. 8, 34H)</p> <p>Toxognathus coomani Fleutiaux, 1940a: 35.</p> <p>Redescription (male, 39H): Integument brown to dark brown, legs and antennae lighter. Total length 5.5-6.5 mm; elytral base 1.03-1.08x as wide as pronotum, elytra 2.65-2.67x longer than pronotum. Frons concave along the anterior margin; frontal carina complete. Antennae surpassing the posterior angle of pronotum by one antennomere; antennomeres IV-X as long as wide and convex. Mandible bidentate (Fig. 8A). Pronotum (Fig. 8B) flattened 1.11-1.16x wider than long with sides slightly rounded, convergent on anterior 1/4; lateral carina entirely lateroventral (not visible from dorsal view) (Figs. 8C, D), posterior angles subparallel and convex; posterior margin with a pair of lateral incisions adjacent to the posterior angles; punctures 0.5 diameter apart on disc, coalescent on lateral border. Elytral interstices convex. Free margin of metacoxal plate short, triangular; tibiae slightly widened apicad with dorsal apical angle truncate. Tergite IX with anterior margin bisinuous.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 8G, H): Phallobase 0.37x total length of aedeagus, 1.2x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 3; paramere with ventral anteromedian margin acute; basal struts 0.28x total length of penis; ventral sclerite linear.</p> <p>Holotype: [Ton Kin, (Lac Thô), Hoa Binh, A. de Cooman], [Toxognathus coomani, type, Collection Fleutiaux], [Type], [Muséum Paris, Coll. E. Fleutiaux], [Toxognathus coomani (Fleutiaux), J. Chassain det. 05], [Lectotype], (MNHN).</p> <p>Material examined: VETNAM. Tonkin, 4 exs. (MNHN).</p> <p>Distribution: VIETNAM. Hoa Binh: Lac Thuy.</p> <p>Remarks: Toxognathus coomani shares with T. mouhoti and T. fairmarei the bidentate mandibles. It is most similar to T. mouhoti by its body size, eye size, shape of prothorax, free margin of metacoxal plate short and triangular and widened tibiae. It can be distinguished mainly by its frons, which is concave along the anterior border, complete frontal carina, shorter antenna and a pair of short notches on posterior margin of pronotum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A241AFF987670631DF798FB34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A241BFF9875F865BDF621FC4B.text	7B52527A241BFF9875F865BDF621FC4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxognathus costulatus Fairmaire 1878	<div><p>Toxognathus costulatus Fairmaire, 1878</p> <p>(Figs. 9, 10, 34I)</p> <p>Toxognathus costulatus Fairmaire, 1878: 271; Schenkling, 1927: 509; Fleutiaux, 1918a: 276; Fleutiaux, 1940a: 35.</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 34I): Integument dark brown or dark reddish-brown. Total length 11-12 mm; elytral base as wide as pronotum, elytra 2.7-3.0x longer than pronotum. Frons (Figs. 9D, E) concave medially, frontal carina absent medially. Antennae (Fig. 9A) surpassing posterior angles of pronotum by 2 antennomeres. Mandible unidentate (Fig. 9D). Pronotum (Fig. 9F) flattened 1.15-1.30x wider than long with sides sinuous converging abruptly anteriad on anterior half, lateral carina directed ventrad anteriorly, posterior angles divergent and convex; with punctures less than 0.5 diameter apart. Elytral interstices costate. Free margin of metacoxal plate short and triangular; tibiae widened apicad, dorso apical angle of protibiae acute and produced (Fig. 9J). Tergite IX (Fig. 10D) with anterior margin bisinuous.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 10E, F): Phallobase 0.44x total length of aedeagus, 1.3x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 3.1; parameres fused to each other on ventral anteromedian margin; basal strut 0.34x total length of penis; ventral sclerite elliptical.</p> <p>Holotype: [Conchinch. (illegible) 1877] [Toxognathus gen. et sp. nov. costulatus, Fairm., Conchonchine] [Toxognathus costulatus Fairm., J. Chassain det. 05] [Muséum Paris, Coll. E. Fleutiaux] male, (MNHN).</p> <p>Material examined: VIETNAM. 1 ex. (MNHN). Tay Ninh, 2 exs. (MNHN).</p> <p>Distribution: VIETNAM. Tay Ninh.</p> <p>Remarks: Toxognathus costulatus is easily recognized by its protibia widened apicad with dorso apical angle acute and produced (Fig. 9J). The parameres with anteromedian margin fused together ventrally is unique to this species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A241BFF9875F865BDF621FC4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A241BFF9B778D655DF4CBFE4B.text	7B52527A241BFF9B778D655DF4CBFE4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxognathus dohertyi Fleutiaux 1940	<div><p>Toxognathus dohertyi Fleutiaux, 1940</p> <p>(Figs. 11A, B; 34J)</p> <p>Toxognathus dohertyi Fleutiaux, 1940b: 104.</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 34J): Integument very bright, evenly light brown. Total length 8.0 mm; elytral base as wide as pronotum, elytra 2.62x longer than pronotum. Frons deeply concave along the anterior margin; frontal carina complete. Antennae surpassing the posterior angles by two antennomeres. Mandible unidentate. Prothorax 1.12x wider than long with sides sinuous converging abruptly anteriad on anterior half; lateral carina prominent posteriorly, directed ventrad anteriorly; posterior angles divergent and convex; pronotum weakly convex with punctures coalescent forming short and irregular longitudinal striae. Elytral interstices convex. Free margin of metacoxal plate short, triangular; tibiae slightly widened apicad, outer angle of protibiae truncate. Tergite IX with anterior margin straight.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 11A, B): Phallobase 0.42x total length of aedeagus, 1.2x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 6.1; parameres with ventral anteromedian margin acute, basal strut 0.33x total length of penis; ventral sclerite linear.</p> <p>Holotype: [Perak, Malacca (Doherty], [Toxognathus Dohetyi Fleut., Type, Collection Fleutiaux], [Type], [Muséum Paris, Coll. E. Fleutiaux], [Toxognathus dohetyi (Fleutiaux), J. Chassain det. 05], [Lectotype], (MNHN).</p> <p>Distribution: MALAYSIA. Perak.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A241BFF9B778D655DF4CBFE4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2418FF9D766A61DDF5A1FEF4.text	7B52527A2418FF9D766A61DDF5A1FEF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxognathus fairmairei Fleutiaux 1940	<div><p>Toxognathus fairmairei Fleutiaux, 1940</p> <p>(Figs. 11C, D; 34K)</p> <p>Toxognathus fairmairei Fleutiaux, 1940b: 104.</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 34K): Integument dark brown with legs and ventral abdomen brown, antenna light brown. Total length 7.5 mm; elytral base 1.09x as wide as pronotum, elytra 3.14x longer than pronotum. Frons deeply concave along the anterior margin; frontal carina complete; eyes very small (IEP 0.23) (Fig. 11D). Antennae reaching the base of posterior angles of pronotum; antennomeres IV-X as long as wide and convex. Mandible bidentate. Pronotum weakly convex 1.20x wider than long with sides parallel from base of posterior angles to anterior third then convergent to anterior margin, lateral carina entirely lateroventral, posterior angles divergent and weakly convex; punctures less than 0.5 diameter apart; prosternum with a median longitudinal groove on posterior half and between procoxae. Elytral interstices convex. Free margin of metacoxal plate absent, tibiae slender with out- er angle truncate. Tergite IX with anterior margin straight.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Phallobase 0.36x total length of aedeagus, 1.13x wider than long. Paramere with anteromedian margin acute, ventral sclerite linear.</p> <p>Holotype: [Foutchien, De Latouche], [Collection Fairmaire], [Collection E. Fleutiaux], [Toxognathus fairmairei Fleut., type, Collection Fleuxiaux], [Type], [Muséum Paris, Coll. E. Fleutiaux], [Toxognathus fairmairei (Fleutiaux), J. Chassain det. 05], [Lectotype], male (MNHN).</p> <p>Distribution: CHINA. Fujian.</p> <p>Remarks: The aedeagus of the holotype was poorly preserved, with dark musculature and apex broken; therefore it was not possible to obtain all measurements. It is distinguishable from all Toxognathus species by the shape of prothorax, the very small eyes and the median longitudinal groove on the prosternum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2418FF9D766A61DDF5A1FEF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A241EFF9D75A960FDF101FE8B.text	7B52527A241EFF9D75A960FDF101FE8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxognathus mouhoti Fleutiaux 1918	<div><p>Toxognathus mouhoti Fleutiaux, 1918</p> <p>(Figs. 11 E-G; 34L)</p> <p>Toxognathus mouhoti Fleutiaux, 1918a: 277; Fleutiaux, 1918b: 236, 1924: 180; Schenkling, 1927: 509; Fleutiaux, 1940a: 35.</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 34L): Integument evenly light reddish-brown or with antenommeres I-III yellow. Total length 5.0-6.0 mm; elytral base 1.08x as wide as pronotum, elytra 2.9-3.0x longer than pronotum. Frons flattened; frontal carina absent medially. Antennae surpassing the posterior angles of pronotum by 3.5-5.0 antennomeres. Mandible bidentate. Pronotum (Fig. 11E) weakly convex 1.2x wider than long with sides slightly rounded from base of posterior angles to anterior margin, convergent on anterior 1/4, lateral carina entirely lateroventral, posterior angles subparallel and weakly convex; punctures less than 0.5 diameter apart. Elytral interstices convex. Free margin of metacoxal plate short and triangular; tibiae slightly widened apicad, dorsal apical angle of protibiae truncate. Tergite IX with anterior margin bisinuous.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 11F, G): Phallobase 0.39x total length of aedeagus, 1.31x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 3.82 longer than median part; paramere with anteromedian margin acute, basal strut 0.35x total length of penis; ventral sclerite linear.</p> <p>Holotype: [Chatebon Muhot], [Collection W.W. Saunders], [Toxognathus mouhoti, Flet. Type, Collection Fleutiaux], [Type], [Muséum Paris, Coll. E. Fleutiaux], [Toxognathus mouhoti (Fleut.) J. Chassain det. 05], [Lectotype] (MNHN).</p> <p>Paratypes: [Camboj. int. Muhot], [Collection W.W. Saunders], [Muséum Paris, Coll. E. Fleutiaux], [Toxognathus mouhoti (Fleut.) J. Chassain det. 05], [Paralectotype], 1 male, (MNHN); [Museum Paris, Cap St. Jacques, Coll. A. Bonhoure, 1909], [Toxognathus mouhoti Fleut. 1917 Fleutiaux det.], [Muséum Paris, Coll. E. Fleutiaux], [Toxognathus mouhoti (Fleut.) J. Chassain det. 05], [Paralectotype], 1 male (MNHN).</p> <p>Material examined: VIETNAM. 1 ex. (MNHN).</p> <p>Distribution: THAILAND. Chanthaburi. CAMBO- DIA. VIETNAM. Ba Ria- Vung.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A241EFF9D75A960FDF101FE8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A241EFF9F7659601DF607FC0B.text	7B52527A241EFF9F7659601DF607FC0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dactylophysus Fleutiaux 1892	<div><p>Dactylophysus Fleutiaux, 1892</p> <p>Heterocrepidius Candèze, 1859: 31 (pars).</p> <p>Dactylophysus Fleutiaux, 1892: 408; Schwarz, 1906: 311; Blackwelder, 1944: 292; Golbach, 1994: 27, 40.</p> <p>Type species: Now fixed (under Article 70.3 of the Code) as Dactylophysus capixabensis nom. nov., misidentified as Heterocrepidius mendax Candèze, 1859, in the subsequent designation by Hyslop (1921).</p> <p>Diagnosis: Body weakly convex, antenna flattened reaching the posterior angles of pronotum, labrum evenly convex, mandible unidentate; pronotum trapezoidal wider than long with complete lateral carina weakly impressed anteriorly, directed anteroventrally; anterior angles acute in dorsal view. Metacoxa 30° oblique to the transverse body axis with inner 1/4 2.5-3.5x longer than the outer 3/4; free margin of metacoxal plate short and narrow, triangular; tibiae widened apicad with each lateral border of apex with a row of 12-14 spiniform setae, pro- and mesofemur laterally flat, metafemur weakly convex; last abdominal ventrite V-shaped weakly convex apically or flattened.</p> <p>Distribution: SOUTH AMERICA.</p> <p>Redescription (male): Integument bright, light brown to black. Punctures umbilicate deeply impressed, densely covered with yellow setae; pilosity decumbent or erect. Total length: 9.0- 12 mm; elytral base 1x as wide as prothorax, elytra 2.6-3.3x longer than pronotum.</p> <p>Head (Figs. 12F, 15B) with anterior margin of frons straight or rounded, dorsal ocular margins curved inwards; frontal carina complete, weakly produced anteriad (Fig. 12H); frontoclypeal region (Fig. 12G) steeply declivous to base of labrum 5.0-6.0x wider than long; punctures as large as those of pronotum, 0.2-0.5 diameter apart. Antenna (Figs. 12A, 14A, 15A) with 11 antenomeres, antennomeres II and III subequal, III 1.0-1.16x longer than II; IV-XI laterally flattened longer than wide; IV-X serrate, IV-VII 1.3-1.6x longer than wide, VIII 1.6-1.9x longer than wide, IX-X 1.5-2.0 longer than wide, XI elliptical abruptly narrowed at apex 2.5-2.8x longer than wide. IEP 0.4-0.5. Labrum (Fig. 12C) evenly convex, subrectangular, 2.5-3.0x wider than long, anterior margin slightly emarginate to straight, coarsely punctate, with long setae. Mouthparts directed anteroventrally. Mandible narrow, unidentate, laterodorsal face densely punctate; lateral edge evenly curved apicad; mesoapical margin evenly curved (Fig. 15B) or sinuous (Fig. 12B), mesobasal margin with a row of short setae on a prominent rectangular membranous area (Fig. 15B). Maxilla (Fig. 12D) with galea securiform, anterior border covered with short fine setae, denser on inner angle; lacinia elongate, tongue-like, densely pilose; medistipes trapezoidal longer than wide with several long setae; labium (Fig. 12E) with prementum shortly emarginate on anteromedian margin, anterolateral angles rounded and not produced; maxillary and labial palpi pilose with fine setae, apical palpomere securiform.</p> <p>Pronotum (Figs. 12J, 14B, 15C) trapezoidal, flattened, 1.18-1.35x wider than long, lateral carina reaching the anterior margin, lateral on posterior region and directed ventrad anteriorly (Fig. 12K) with anterior part not visible dorsally; punctures homogeneously distributed 0.2-0.5 diameters apart, a little smaller on posterior margin than at disc; anterior angles acute; posterior angles of pronotum non-carinate. Hypomeron (Fig. 12L) with punctures usually as large as those of pronotum, denser anteriorly; posterior 1/5-1/2 glabrous; posterior margin with a U- or]-shaped notch adjacent to the posterior angle. Prosternal suture (Figs. 12I, 15D) curved, marginated by a shiny band along hypomeral margin, grooved at anterior part. Prosternum (Fig. 12I) 1.1-1.32x wider than long, with punctures larger than those of pronotum, 0.2-1.5 diameters apart; anterior lobe edge straight or rounded, produced, covering mouth parts to labial palpiger. Prosternal process (Figs. 12I, K) 2.30-2.83x longer than diameter of procoxae, ventral surface narrower than the dorsal surface with a subapical tooth, about 45° declivous dorsad posteriorad of procoxae. Procoxae open.</p> <p>Pterothorax: Mesoventrite (Figs. 12 M-O) with posterior region inclined about 30° above of the anterior region (Fig. 12N), with anterior articulating surfaces concave, smooth, bordered posteriorly by a prominent carina; borders of mesoventral cavity curved and convergent anteriorly from its half length; floor of cavity with a shiny median band. Mesocoxal cavity (Fig. 12M) open to both mesepisternum and mesepimeron, mesotrochantin visible; mesepisternum with an oblique carina anteromedially contiguous to the anterior carina of mesoventrite. Meso-metaventral suture distinct. Metaventrite (Fig. 12O) 1.3-1.4x wider than long, 1.4x longer than mesoventrite; metepisternum 6.5-8.0x longer than wide. Scutellum abruptly elevated above the level of mesoscutum, pentagonal, 1.3-1.4x longer than wide, anterior margin rounded. Metanotum (Fig. 12P): prescutum contiguous medially to the scutum by an acute process; posterior part of the scutellum with a longitudinal apodeme. Elytra flattened with apices conjointly rounded, striae with a single row of punctures increasing in size posteriorly; interstices flat, rugose with punctures 1-2 diameters apart; epipleurae (Fig. 12Q) narrowed near metacoxa, slightly widened apicad from ventrite 2. Hind wings with radial cell 4.2x longer than wide, CuA 1 present; wedge cell present or absent; apex with anterior, median and posterior field sclerotizations convergent basad, not contiguous.</p> <p>Metacoxa (Fig. 12M) inclined about 30° in relation to the transverse axis of body; inner quarter 2.5-3.5x longer than outer 3/4; ventral part with inner third about 11x longer than the outer 2/3; free margin of metacoxal plate short and narrow, triangular. Tibiae (Figs. 38A-C) with 12-14 spiniform setae along each outer and inner inner apical border (Fig. 38D), dorsal margin covered with 3-4 irregular rows of spiniform setae, outer and inner surface covered with fine setae. Protibia (Fig. 12A) 2.6-3.0x wider at apex than at base, with dorsal margin rugose, straight to sinuous with apical angle acute. Mesotibia (Fig. 12B) 2.8-3.2x wider at apex than at base, with dorsal apical angle acute. Metatibia (Fig. 12C) 2.3-2.4x wider at apex than at base with apical dorsal angle acute. Pro- and mesofemur subrectangular and laterally flattened; metafemur weakly convex, metatrochanter as convex as metafemur. Tarsomeres decreasing in length from I-IV, V longer than III and IV together; ventral surface (Fig. 12E) densely pilose, tarsomeres I-III or II-III lamellate, lamella on tarsomeres II-III subequal, on protarsomere I-II a little smaller or minuscule, on metatarsomere III present or absent; claws simple.</p> <p>Abdominal ventrites (Fig. 12R) weakly convex, evenly covered with dense and decumbent pilosity, short to moderately long on ventrites 2-5, shorter on ventrite 1, ventrite 5 with apex coarsely punctate with pilosity denser and stouter; posterior angle of ventrite 1 and lateral margins of ventrites 2-4 with prominent marginal plates. Ventrite 1 with lateral part 4-6x longer than the median part, 2-4 subequal in length; ventrite 5 triangular 1.5-1.61x wider than long, flattened to weakly convex apically. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with yellow setae. Sternite VIII (Figs. 13A, 15E) subrectangular, posterior margin straight, partly covered with short setae, lateroposterior angles with long stout setae, with two lateral and one median sclerotizations posteriorly; anterior border with or without a linear transverse sclerotization; tergite VIII (Figs. 13B, 15F) evenly sclerotized U-shaped with long setae on lateroposterior and apical margin; sternite and tergite IX (Fig. 15G) fused near the anterior margin; sternite IX (Fig. 13A, 15H) with anteromedian margin rounded, produced and curved dorsad; anterolateral margins strongly sclerotized, anteromedian surface membranous, posterior surface sclerotized covered with short setae, setae long on lateroposterior and apical margin; tergite IX (Figs. 13D, 15G) with anterior margin straight, apical lobes rounded with long setae; tergite X (Figs. 13D, 15G) with apex membranous, suboval, smooth or scarcely punctate, glabrous, apical part membranous, posterior margin with a fringe of minuscule setae.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Phallobase (Figs. 13E, 14C, 15I) M-shaped, lateral parts divergent posteriorly with a longitudinal apodeme on dorsal surface, 0.4-0.5x the total length of aedeagus, 1.2-1.3x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 4.6-22.0. Parameres tapered apicad, 3.1-3.2x wider at base than the narrowest apical part; apex securiform with outer angle acute, membranous posteriorly, with or without short setae; dorsal surface of parameres more sclerotized than the ventral one; ventral surface sclerotized laterally, membranous medially, membrane contiguous to each other and to the phallobase membrane; penis tapering to apex from base of struts to apex, basal struts 0.3-0.4x the total length of penis; dorsal articulation with a narrow and short process fused to the parameres; ventral sclerite present.</p> <p>Remarks: All species of Dactylophysus share the synapomorphies indicated by the present cladistic analysis: labrum with anterior edge curved, prosternal chin piece long and rounded anteriorly, loss of the hind wing sclerotization between radial cell and apical anterior field and posterior part of sternite VIII with three sclerotizations. The combination of those synapomorphies and the diagnostic characters distinguish Dactylophysus species from their most similar species belonging to Physodactylus and Heterocrepidius species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A241EFF9F7659601DF607FC0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A241CFF9F748C6292F1EEFA2B.text	7B52527A241CFF9F748C6292F1EEFA2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dactylophysus Fleutiaux 1892	<div><p>Key to species for male Dactylophysus</p> <p>1. Prothorax with lateral margins straight, convergent anteriad from posterior angles or anterior half, hypomeron with posterior half impunctate, lamella on protarsomere I a little smaller than the others.......2</p> <p>— Prothorax with lateral margins rounded gradually convergent anteriad (Fig. 14), hypomeron with only posterior fifth impunctate, lamella on protarsomere I much smaller than others........................................................................................................................................................ D. fleutiauxi (Fig. 34N)</p> <p>2. Antenna surpassing the posterior angles of prothorax by one antennomere; pronotum with lateral margins convergent anteriad from posterior angles (Fig. 12J), elytral striae with punctures larger than those of the interstices............................................................................ D. hirtus sp. nov. (Fig. 34M)</p> <p>— Antenna not surpassing the posterior angles of prothorax; lateral margins of pronotum parallel on posterior half then convergent anteriad (Fig. 15C), elytral striae with punctures as large as those of the interstices........................................................................................................... D. tibialis (Fig. 34O)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A241CFF9F748C6292F1EEFA2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A241CFFA3759A64BDF40CFEAB.text	7B52527A241CFFA3759A64BDF40CFEAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dactylophysus hirtus Rosa 2014	<div><p>Dactylophysus hirtus sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 12, 13, 33 A-E, 34M)</p> <p>Etymology: From Latin, hirtus = hairy; alluding to the dense pilosity of this species.</p> <p>Description (male, Fig. 34M): Integument brown with ventral pterothorax, ventral abdomen, legs and antennae light brown; pilosity erect. Total length 10.0-11.0 mm; elytral base 1.0x as wide as prothorax, elytra 3.2-3.2x longer than pronotum. Frons (Figs. 12F, G) concave; antenna (Fig. 12S) surpassing the posterior angles of pronotum by one antennomere. Pronotum (Figs. 12J, 12K) 1.30x wider than long, lateral margins nearly straight convergent anteriad from posterior angle, posterior angles divergent; anterior angle strongly produced, acute; hypomeron (Fig. 12L) glabrous on posterior half. Lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I (Figs. 33A, B) 1/3 shorter and 1/2 narrower than the others, metatarsomere I with or without a minuscule lamella. Elytra subparallel on anterior 2/3 then tapering to apex; punctures of striae larger than those of the interstices.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 13E, F): Phallobase 0.46 times the total length of aedeagus, 1.24x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 4.6; paramere with ventral surface predominantly weakly sclerotized; penis with basal strut 0.36x its total length; ventral sclerite narrowed apicad, short; internal sac covered with microsclerotizations.</p> <p>Holotype: [Santa Tereza, ES, BRAZIL 7.XII-64, C. Elias leg.], male (DZUP).</p> <p>Paratypes: [Santa Tereza, ES, BRAZIL 11/12/1964, C. &amp; C. T. Elias] 1 ex. (DZUP); idem but 27/01/1966, plus [DPTº ZOOL., UF-PARANÁ] 1 ex. (MZUSP), idem but 05/01/1967, 1 ex. (MZUSP).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Santa Tereza.</p> <p>Remarks: Dactylophysus hirtus sp. nov. is diagnosable by the combination of the following characters: pilosity erect, lateral sides of prothorax nearly straight convergent anteriad from posterior angles, anterior pronotal angle strongly produced anteriad, elytral striae minuscule. Elytra parallel on anterior 2/3 then taperwith punctures larger than those of the interstices. Its ing to apex; punctures of striae larger than those of aedeagus is most similar to that of D. capixabensis, the interstices.</p> <p>differing in its phallobase shape and in the paramere more sclerotized ventrally. Aedeagus: Phallobase 0.44x the total length of aedeagus, 1.28x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 7.7; paramere with Dactylophysus capixabensis nom. nov. ventral surface with lateral border sclerotized, median (Figs. 14, 34N) part membranous; penis with basal strut 0.38x its total length; ventral sclerite narrowed apicad, short; Dactylophysus mendax (Candèze, 1859); Fleutiaux, internal sac covered with microsclerotizations.</p> <p>1892: 409, 410; Schwarz, 1906: 311; Blackwelder, 1944: 292; Golbach, 1994: 40. Lectotype (present designation): [Heterocrepidius Dactylophysus capixabensis nom. nov. for Dactylophy- mendax Cand (Chevrolat’s writing)], [Collection sus mendax sensu Fleutiaux, 1892 misidentified Chevrolat], [mendax CANDÈZE], [Chevrolat det., as Heterocrepidius mendax Candèze, 1859. FLEUTIAUX det], [Dactylophysus mendax Cand., Fleut. type, Brèsil], [TYPE], [Muséum Paris, Coll. E. Etymology: The specific name refers to “capixaba”, a Fleutiaux]. male (MNHN).</p> <p>popular name for native of the state of Espírito Santo,</p> <p>Brazil, where the species was found. Material examined: BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: 2 exs. (MNHN).</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 34N): Integument brown with pronotum darker than elytra; antenna, legs and Distribution: BRAZIL. Espírito Santo.</p> <p>ventral abdomen lighter than elytra. Total length</p> <p>8.0- 9.5 mm; elytral base 0.98x as wide as protho- Type material examined of Heterocrepidius mendax rax, elytra 2.6-2.8x longer than pronotum. Frons Candèze (1859): Lectotype (present designation, flattened, antenna reaching the posterior angle of Fig. 34P): [Elater Dicrepidius, cibricollis nihi, h. in pronotum or surpassing it by 1/2 antennomere. Brasilia D. Lacordaire], [mendax J (Candèze’s writ- Pronotum (Fig. 14B) 1.2-1.3x wider than long, lat- ing)], [Coll. Janson., ex Dejean.], [SYN-, TYPE], eral margins rounded gradually convergent anteriad [Syntype, “J”, Heterocrepidius mendax Candèze from posterior angle, posterior angles parallel; an- 1859, C.M.F. von Hayek det 1985], [486a], [manterior angle slightly produced anteriad; hypomeron dible tooth, C.M.F. Von Hayek det. 198 (sic)], male glabrous on posterior 1/5. Lamella of tarsomeres I (BMNH).</p> <p>Paralectotype (present designation): [Heterocrepidius, mendax, Brès. Cdz. (Candèze’s writing)], [Coll. Janson, ex Candèze], [SYN-, TYPE], [J], [Syntype, “J”, Heterocrepidius mendax Candèze 1859, C.M.F. von Hayek det 1985], [486a], [mandible tooth, C.M.F. Von Hayek det. 198], male (BMNH). Misidentification: [Elater Dicrepidius, mendax nihi, h. in Brasilia D. Lacordaire], [illegible] [mendax], [Coll. Janson, ex Dejean], [J], [Syntype, “ ♀ ”, Heterocrepidius mendax Candèze 1859, C.M.F. von Hayek det 1985], [mandibles simple, C.M.F. Von Hayek det. 198], male (BMNH).</p> <p>Remarks: Fleutiaux described Dactylophysus mendax based on a specimen identified by Chevrolat (in litt.) as Heterocrepidius mendax. Candèze (1859) described H. mendax based on three specimens, two of them catalogued by Dejean (1833) as Dicrepidius cibricollis and D. mendax, which Candèze considered as male and female, respectively, of the same species. Actually, as observed formerly by von Hayek (in litt.), Dejean was right about considering them as distinct species and his Dicrepidius mendax (Candèze’s female) is a male similar to Dactylophysus mendax described by Fleutiaux, with which it shares the diagnostic characters of the genus Dactylophysus. According to Article 49 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature the specific name mendax Candèze cannot be used as an available name for that taxon. Thefore, I introduce the new replacement name, Dactylophysus capixabensis nom. nov. for this species.</p> <p>The description of Heterocrepidius mendax by Candèze (1859) conforms more closely to the two syntypes that he considered males (Fig. 34P). They have mandibles bidentate, antenna surpassing the prothorax by three antennomeres, prothorax gradually and little narrowed anteriad, posterior angles carinate, slender legs, abdomen with marginal plates weakly produced, ventrite 5 without stout and denser apical setae, parameres with long membranous apex and very short in relation to the penis. For this reason, I designate herein them lectotype and paralectotype of the H. mendax Candèze, 1859.</p> <p>The third syntype, which Candèze misidentified as Heterocrepidius mendax female, is most similar to Dactylophysus mendax sensu Fleutiaux, 1892 differing from it mainly in the shape of prothorax, which is most similar to that of T. tibialis. Nevertheless, as it was not possible to dissect its aedeagus, I could not confirm its identity.</p> <p>Dactylophysus capixabensis nom. nov. differs from the described species of the genus in the prothoracic shape, with sides rounded, gradually convergent anteriad and anterior angles less produced, pronotum more convex, hypomeron glabrous on posterior 1/5, lamella of protarsomere I minuscule and elytra relatively shorter.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A241CFFA3759A64BDF40CFEAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2420FFA275A0603DF762FECB.text	7B52527A2420FFA275A0603DF762FECB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dactylophysus tibialis (Candeze 1859)	<div><p>Dactylophysus tibialis (Candèze, 1859)</p> <p>(Figs. 15, 34O)</p> <p>Heterocrepidius tibialis Candèze, 1859: 34, 39. Dactylophysus tibialis; Fleutiaux, 1892: 409, 410;</p> <p>Schwarz, 1906: 311; Blackwelder, 1944: 292;</p> <p>Golbach, 1994: 40. Dicrepidius proximus Dejean, 1833 (nomen nudum).</p> <p>Redescription (male): Integument evenly brown or dark brown with elytra and antenna brown. Total length 12.0-13.0 mm; elytral base 1.x as wide as prothorax, elytra 3.0-3.3x longer than pronotum. Frons (Fig. 15B) concave, antenna reaching the posterior angle of pronotum at base. Pronotum (Fig. 15C) 1.2-1.3x wider than long, lateral margins parallel on posterior half then straight convergent to anterior margin, posterior angles parallel; anterior angle produced anteriad; hypomeron glabrous on posterior 1/5. Lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I 1/3 short- er and 1/2 narrower than the others, metatarsomere I with a minuscule lamella. Elytra parallel on anterior 2/3-3/4 then tapering to apex; punctures of striae as larger as those of the interstices.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 15I, J): Phallobase 0.41x the total length of aedeagus, 1.22x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 22; paramere with ventral surface laterally sclerotized, median border membranous; anteromedian margin acute and produced anteriad, penis with basal strut 0.29x its total length; ventral sclerite parallel sided, long; internal sac without microsclerotizations.</p> <p>Holotype: [Elater Dicrepidius, proximus nihi, h. in Brasilia D. Lacordaire], [mendax var. nubis], [M. tibialis], [Coll. Janson. ex Dejean.], [Type], [SYN-, TYPE], [Type], [Syntype, Heterocrepidius tibialis Cand. 1859, C.M.F. von Hayek, det. 1985], male (BMNH).</p> <p>Material examined: BRAZIL. 2 males, 1 female (MNHN); 1 female (MNHN).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL.</p> <p>Remarks: Fleutiaux (1892) transferred Heterocrepidius tibialis to Dactylophysus based on a male probably identified by Chevrolat (in litt.). This specimen is very similar to the holotype of this species, with which shares the following combination of characters: antenna reaching the posterior angles of prothorax, prothorax with sides parallel on posterior half then convergent anteriorly, elytral interstices with punctures as large as those of the elytral striae.</p> <p>The female specimen assigned to this species by Fleutiaux differs from the male in several characters. It has antennae shorter, smaller eyes, body convex and wings shorter, differences usually assigned as sexual dimorphism in elaterids. However, this female also differs in its mandible bidentate, antenna covered by longer and erect setae, general punctation smaller and sparser, pronotal hind angle wider and carinate, lateral pronotal carina weaker impressed anteriorly and not reaching the anterior margin, legs slender, tarsal lamellae absent and epipleura abruptly widened at apex (as in males of Heterocrepidius gilvellus). Those significant differences and the uninformative labels of the female specimen do not corroborate the Fleutiaux’s assumption. Therefore, I conclude that this specimen is probably not the female of D. tibialis and that it remains unknown. There is no other female accurately assigned to Dactylophysus and Heterocrepidius species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2420FFA275A0603DF762FECB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2421FFA475E460DDF1DEFEEB.text	7B52527A2421FFA475E460DDF1DEFEEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus Fischer von Waldheim 1823	<div><p>Physodactylus Fischer von Waldheim, 1823</p> <p>Physodactylus Fischer von Waldheim, 1823: 303, 1824: 450; Guérin-Méneville, 1829: 43; Lacordaire, 1857: 237; Fleutiaux, 1892: 406; Schwarz, 1906: 311; Fleutiaux, 1940c: 165; Blackwelder, 1944: 292; Golbach, 1994: 27; Lawrence &amp; Newton, 1995: 855; Chassain, 2005: 65.</p> <p>Drepanius Perty, 1830: 24; Lacordaire; 1857: 237 (syn).</p> <p>Type species (by monotypy): Physodactylus henningi Fischer, 1823.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Body convex. Frons carinate, antenna submoniliform not surpassing the pronotal posterior angle, labrum subrectangular strongly declivous anteroventrad, mandible falciform unidentate. Prothorax trapezoidal wider than long, lateral pronotal carina directed ventrad anteriorly; anterior angles straight or obtuse in dorsal view, not produced. Metacoxa about 17° inclined to transverse body axis with inner 1/3 about 13 times wider than the outer 2/3; free margin of metacoxal plate very short or absent. Trochanter and femur convex; tibiae widened apicad with external surface covered with spiniform seta and each inner and outer apical margins with a row of 18-27 spiniform setae. Abdominal ventrite 1 nearly divided medially.</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL.</p> <p>Redescription (male): Integument dull to very shiny with variable color patterns, with punctures umbilicate deeply or weakly impressed, covered with yellow to dark-brown setae; pilosity decumbent to semi-erect on ventral surface; setae usually absent on dorsal surface except for the erect setae on the borders of pronotum and elytra; epipleura densely covered with erect setae visible dorsally around the elytra. Total length: 5.0- 20 mm; elytral base 0.96-1.11x as wide as prothorax, elytra 2.70-3.48x longer than pronotum.</p> <p>Head (Figs. 18B, 26C, 28B) with anterior margin of frons straight or rounded, dorsal ocular margins curved inwards or subparallel. Frontal carina usually present weakly to strongly impressed, produced or not anteriorly; frontoclypeal region (Fig. 26D) steeply declivous to base of labrum 5.0-6.0x wider than long; punctures larger than those of pronotum, coalescent to 0.5 diameter apart. Antenna (Fig. 16A) with 11 antennomeres, antennomeres II and III subequal, III 1.0-1.1x longer than II; IV-XI strongly convex (submoniliform); IV-X serrate, XI subcircular to elliptical. IEP 0.24-0.42. Labrum (Figs. 30C, 33E) subrectangular, anterior margin nearly straight to medially emarginate, concave and strongly declivous ventrad, 2.86-2.92x wider than long, densely and coarsely punctate, with long setae. Mouthparts directed anteroventrally. Mandible (Figs. 18B, 22C, 30C) narrow and long, falciform, unidentate, laterodorsal face densely punctate; lateral edge evenly curved apicad; mesal margin at base with a row of short setae on a prominent rectangular membranous area. Maxilla and labium covered with yellow to dark-brown setae. Maxilla (Figs. 22B, 26B) with galea securiform, anterior part usually covered with short fine setae, denser on inner angle (some species with sparse spines and spiniform setae – Fig. 20B); lacinia elongate, tongue-like, densely or sparsely pilose; medistipes trapezoidal longer than wide with several long setae; labium (Figs. 22D) with prementum deeply emarginate on anteromedian margin with anterolateral angles rounded or truncate, not produced; maxillary and labial palpi pilose with fine to stout setae, apical palpomere securiform.</p> <p>Prothorax subtrapezoidal 1.07-1.56x wider than long, lateral carina directed ventrad anteriorly, nearly entirely visible or with anterior part not visible dorsally, not reaching the anterior margin (incomplete) or reaching the anterior margin (complete); anterior angles straight or obtuse in dorsal view. Pronotum weakly (Fig. 21C) to strongly (Fig. 22H) convex, disc, lateral and anterior borders convex with punctures umbilicate deeply impressed (shallowly impressed in some species), posterior margin with very small punctures (Fig. 26F); anterior angles right or obtuse, not produced; posterior angles directed ventromedially, usually non-carinate. Hypomeron with punctures usually as large as those of pronotum, denser laterally; posterior 1/5-1/3 glabrous; posterior margin with an inverted U-shaped notch adjacent to the posterior angle (Figs. 22I, 25E, 26I). Prosternal suture straight (Fig. 25C) or curved (Fig. 26G), margined by a shiny band along hypomeral margin grooved or nor at anterior part. Prosternum (Figs. 18D, 20E, 22G, 25C, 26G) 1.09-1.87x wider than long, with punctures larger than those of pronotum, 0.5-1.5 diameters apart; anterior lobe truncate, covering mouthparts to mentum. Prosternal process (Figs. 22G, H) 2.0-2.7x longer than diameter of procoxae, ventral surface narrower than the dorsal surface with or without a subapical tooth, curved between procoxae and about 45° declivous to apex. Procoxae open.</p> <p>Pterothorax: Mesoventrite with posterior region inclined about 30° above the anterior region (Fig. 26K) with anterior articulating surfaces concave and smooth (Figs. 22K, 26J); borders of mesoventral cavity curved, convergent anteriorly from its half length, floor of cavity with or without shiny median band. Mesocoxal cavity (Figs. 22K, 26L) open to both mesepisternum and mesepimeron, trochantin visible; mesepisternum with an oblique carina anteromedially contiguous to the posterior limit of the mesoventral articulating surface. Mesometaventral suture distinct or indistinct. Metaventrite (Fig. 22K) 1.4-1.6x wider than long, 1.4-1.5x longer than mesoventrite; metepisternum about 7.0 times longer than wide. Scutellum (Figs. 22J, 30M, 33E) abruptly elevated above the level of mesoscutum, pentagonal, 1.1-1.5 longer than wide, anterior edge rounded. Metanotum (Fig. 26R): prescutum contiguous medially to the scutum by an acute process; posterior part of the scutellum with a longitudinal apodeme. Elytra with apices conjointly rounded, striae with a single (Fig. 33N) or several (Fig. 33O) rows of punctures usually increasing in size posteriorly; interstices flat to convex, impunctate or sparsely punctate; epipleura abruptly narrowed near metacoxa, slightly widened apicad from ventrite 2. Hind wings (Fig. 26Q) with radial cell 3.5x longer than wide, CuA 1 present; wedge cell present; apex with anterior, median and posterior field sclerotizations convergent basad and an oblique sclerotization adjacent to the radial cell.</p> <p>Metacoxa (Fig. 22K) inclined about 17° in relation to transverse axis of body, ventral part as long as the dorsal one, abruptly shortened on out- er 2/3, inner 1/3 about 13 times longer than outer 2/3; free margin of metacoxal plate absent or very short. Tibiae with 18-27 spiniform setae along each outer and inner apical border (Fig. 33L). Protibia (Figs. 25F, 26N, 28F, 33G) 2.2-3.5x wider at apex than at base, with dorsal margin rugose, slightly to strongly curved with apical angle usually acute and produced; dorsal margin and outer half covered with spiniform setae. Mesotibia (Fig. 18F, 19C, 21E, 26O, 33H) 2.0-3.1 wider at apex than at base, with dorsal margin curved, dorsal apical angle obtuse; covered with spiniform setae, dense on dorsal margin and outer surface, sparse on inner surface. Metatibia (Figs. 17D, 21F, 2 5G, 26P, 28H, 33K) 2.4-3.5 wider at apex than at base with apical dorsal angle produced (not produced in some P. besckei specimens); densely covered with spiniform setae. Femur (Figs. 33F, H, J) rectangular with outer and inner surfaces convex; metatrochanter more convex than metafemur. Tarsomeres decreasing in length from I-IV, V longer than III and IV together; ventral surface densely pilose, tarsomeres I-III or II-III lamellate (Fig. 33M), lamellae of tarsomeres II-III subequal, I a little smaller, minuscule or absent; claws simple.</p> <p>Abdomen (Figs. 22L, M) with variable pilosity patterns on ventrites 1-4, ventrite 5 with apex coarsely punctate with pilosity dense and stout; posterior angle of ventrite 1 and lateral margins of 2-4 with prominent marginal plates (Fig. 25H); ventrite 5 subtriangular 1.1-1.5x wider than long, evenly convex. Ventrite 1 nearly divided medially, 2-4 subequal in length. Sternite VIII (Figs. 18I, 23A) subrectangular, with posterior margin straight to emarginate medially, partly covered with short setae, lateroposterior angles usually with long stout setae; with a pair of light sclerotizations on lateroposterior angles and a transverse band-like dark sclerotization on anteromedian border. Tergite VIII (Figs. 18J, 23B, 28K) evenly sclerotized U-shaped, covered with short setae, setae longer on lateroposterior and apical margins. Sternite IX (Figs. 18G, 23C, 28I) with anteromedian margin rounded, produced and curved dorsad; latero-anterior margins strongly sclerotized, anteromedian surface translucent, posterior surface sclerotized and covered with moderately long setae, longer on lateroposterior and apical margins; sternite and tergite IX fused near the anterior margin. Tergite IX (Figs. 18H, 23D, 28J) with anterior margin straight or sinuous, apical lobes acute or rounded with long setae. Tergite X with apex membranous, suboval, scarcely punctate, usually glabrous, apical margin with a fringe of minuscule setae.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Phallobase M-shaped, lateral parts divergent posteriorly with a longitudinal apodeme on dorsal surface, 0.4-0.5x the total length of aedeagus, 0.9-1.6x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 3.3-3.4. Parameres tapered apicad, 2.1-4.8x wider at base than the narrowest apical part; with dorsal surface more sclerotized than the ventral one; ventral surface sclerotized laterally, membranous medially, membrane contiguous to each other and to the phallobase membrane; apex securiform with outer angle acute, evenly sclerotized or membranous posteriorly, with or without short setae. Penis with basal struts 0.2-0.3x the total length of penis; dorsal articulation fused to the parameres by a median sclerotized process (Fig. 17E) or by a membranous translucent area (Fig. 18K); ventral sclerite present.</p> <p>Remarks: The combination of the most conspicuous characters of Physodactylus species (shape of labrum, the short and laterally convex antennae – almost moniliform in some species, fossorial legs, body convex, metacoxae almost horizontal and reduced laterally and tarsomeres lamellate) easily differentiate them from other similar species as those of Teslasena and Dactylophysus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2421FFA475E460DDF1DEFEEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2427FFA774A860F2F1EEFB0B.text	7B52527A2427FFA774A860F2F1EEFB0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus Fischer von Waldheim 1823	<div><p>Key to species for male Physodactylus</p> <p>1. Abdominal ventrite 1 partly impunctate............................................................................................2</p> <p>— Abdominal ventrite 1 evenly punctate...............................................................................................5</p> <p>2(1). Prothorax gradually narrowed anteriorly (Fig. 22F); abdominal ventrite 1 almost entirely impunctate, ventrites 2-3 entirely punctate (Fig. 22F)..........................................................................................3</p> <p>— Prothorax abruptly and strongly narrowed on anterior angle (Fig. 21K); abdominal ventrite 1-3 with a longitudinal sublateral impuctate band (Fig. 31D).........................................................................4</p> <p>3(2). Frons with a pair of oblique protuberances over antennal insertions (Fig. 22E); antenna reaching the posterior third of pronotum; lateral pronotal carina complete (Fig. 22H).......... P. henningi (Fig. 35K)</p> <p>— Frons without a pair of oblique protuberances (Fig. 18B); antenna reaching the base of pronotal hind angles; lateral pronotal carina absent on anterior 1/3-1/2 (Fig. 18E)..... P. brunneus sp. nov. (Fig. 35B)</p> <p>4(2). Body setae yellow; pronotum with an acute tubercle on median posterior region (Figs. 31A, B).................................................................................................................. P. tuberculatus sp. nov. (Fig. 35R)</p> <p>— Body setae brown, pronotum without tubercle....................................... P. gounellei sp. nov. (Fig. 35J)</p> <p>5(1). Abdominal ventrites 1-4 evenly convex.............................................................................................6</p> <p>— Abdominal ventrites 1-4 laterally concave.......................................................................................11</p> <p>6(5). Prothorax abruptly and strongly narrowed on anterior angle, pronotal anteromedian margin strongly produced anteriad (Figs. 26F, H); elytral striae with a single row of punctures (Fig. 33N); protibia with dorsal margin slightly curved and rugose (Fig. 26N).............................................. P. niger (Fig. 35M)</p> <p>— Prothorax gradually or abruptly narrowed anteriorly from posterior angle or posterior third, pronotal anteromedian margin not produced to slightly produced anteriad (Figs. 28C, D); elytral striae with three rows of punctures (Fig. 33O); protibia with dorsal margin strongly curved and crenulate (Fig. 28F)..........................................................................................................................................7</p> <p>7. Antenna reaching the anterior third of pronotum; pro- and mesothoracic leg with lamella on tarsomeres I absent or smaller than lamellae on tarsomeres II and III........................................................8</p> <p>— Antenna reaching the half length of pronotum; pro- and mesothoracic leg with lamella on tarsomere I as large as the lamellae on tarsomeres II and III...............................................................................10</p> <p>8(15). Body bicolored (orange and black) or evenly brown, pronotum convex, lateral pronotal carina weakly impressed or absent near anterior angle (Figs. 30D, E)....................................... P. sulcatus (Fig. 35Q)</p> <p>— Body evenly black or dark brown, pronotum weakly convex, lateral carina complete evenly impressed...9</p> <p>9(8). Dark brown, eyes moderately large (IEP 0.32); pronotal disc with punctures 1-3 diameters apart, prosternal process curved about 90° dorsoposteriad of procoxae; elytra 2.43x longer than wide tapering to apex from its midlength, interstices flat on anterior region.................................... P. costae (Fig. 35D)</p> <p>— Black, eyes small (IEP 0.24); pronotal disc with punctures 0.5-1.0 diameter apart, prosternal process curved about 45° dorsoposteriad of procoxae; elytra 2.1x longer than wide tapering to apex from its posterior quarter, interstices evenly convex on anterior region.......................... P. fleutiauxi (Fig. 35G)</p> <p>10(7). Head black, elytra evenly brown; frontoclypeal region without longitudinal carina; pronotum 1.56x wider than long (Fig. 25B), elytra parallel-sided on anterior 2/3 then tapering to apex; abdominal pilosity very dense and semi-erect........................................................ P. latithorax sp. nov. (Fig. 35L)</p> <p>— Head brown, elytra reddish-brown with apical third black; frontoclypeal region with a longitudinal carina medially; pronotum (Fig. 28C) 1.46x wider than long; elytra widened with sides rounded between humerus and apical quarter; abdominal pilosity moderately dense and decumbent................... P. patens sp. nov. (Fig. 35O)</p> <p>11(5). Prothorax abruptly and strongly narrowed on anterior angle (Fig. 21K), pronotum with anteromedian margin strongly produced over head................................................................. P. oberthuri (Fig. 35N)</p> <p>— Prothorax gradually narrowed anteriorly (Fig. 22F), pronotum with anteromedian margin rounded, not produced to slightly produced over head...................................................................................12</p> <p>12(11). Elytral striae with two or three rows of punctures............................................................................13</p> <p>— Elytral striae with one row of punctures..........................................................................................14</p> <p>13(11). Elytral striae distinct up to apex, interstices smooth to weakly rugose..............................................15</p> <p>— Elytral striae with punctures mixed on apical region turning the striae indistinct, interstices rugose...17</p> <p>14(12). Body setae yellow, pronotum and elytra light brown; antenna reaching the base of pronotal hind angle...............................................................................................................................................18</p> <p>— Body setae brown, pronotum reddish-brown lighter than elytra; antenna reaching the anterior third of pronotum........................................................................................................................................19</p> <p>15(13). Body setae yellow, head and pronotum orange; antenna reaching the third of pronotal length........................................................................................................................ P. flavifrons sp. nov. (Fig. 35F)</p> <p>— Body setae brown, head brown darker than pronotum, antenna reaching the base of pronotal hind angle...............................................................................................................................................16</p> <p>16(15). Pronotum evenly brown; protibia with dorsal apical angle obtuse, not produced (Fig. 21D)............................................................................................................................... P. girardi sp. nov. (Fig. 35I).</p> <p>— Pronotum light brown with borders (or borders and disc) darker; protibia with dorsal apical angle acute, produced...................................................................................................... P. pujoli (Fig. 35P)</p> <p>17(13). Pronotal lateral carina incomplete anteriorly; pilosity of the ventrites 1-4 subequal in length and density, moderately long; ventrite 1 evenly pilose....................................................... P. fischeri (Fig. 35E)</p> <p>— Pronotal lateral carina complete; setae minuscule on ventrite 1, long and fine on ventrites 2-4; ventrite 1 with setae scarcer and longer on lateral border................................. P. asper sp. nov. (Fig. 34Q)</p> <p>18(14). Frons with a triangular concavity that extends posteriorly between eyes, pronotum convex, posterior angles short non carinate (Figs. 16F).................................................................... P. besckei (Fig. 34R)</p> <p>— Frons with a transverse protuberance between antennal insertions; pronotum weakly convex, posterior angles elongate and carinate (Figs. 17B).......................................................... P. brasiliensis (Fig. 35A)</p> <p>19(14). Punctures of the apical elytral striae a little larger than those of pronotal lateral border, interstices convex; ventrite 1 with setae about 1/3 as long as those of ventrite 2 with lateral border smooth and glabrous............................................................................................... P. chassaini sp. nov. (Fig. 35C)</p> <p>— Punctures of the apical elytral striae twice as large as those of pronotal lateral border, interstices flat; ventrite 1 with setae about 1/5 as long as those on ventrite 2 with setae longer and sparser on marginal plates......................................................................................................... P. foveatostriatus (Fig. 35H)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2427FFA774A860F2F1EEFB0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2424FFA6759C659DF128FA8B.text	7B52527A2424FFA6759C659DF128FA8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus asper Rosa 2014	<div><p>Physodactylus asper sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 16 A-D, 34Q)</p> <p>Etymology: From Latin, asper = rough; alluding to the rugose and coarsely punctate elytra.</p> <p>Description (male, Fig. 34Q): Integument bright; head, antennae, legs and ventral surface black, pronotum reddish-brown, elytra dark brown with epipleura lighter; one specimen with pterothorax and ventral abdomen reddish-brown on the median longitudinal line; pilosity brown. Total length 8-10 mm; elytral base 1.0x as wide as prothorax, elytra 3.0-3.2x times longer than pronotum. Frons slightly concave, frontal carina weakly impressed; antenna (Fig. 16A) reaching the posterior third of pronotum, antennomere IV as wide as long, V-X 1.17-1.20x wider than long; XI oval 1.5x longer than wide. Pronotum (Fig. 16B) 1.20-1.26 wider than long, with lateral sides nearly straight to rounded convergent from posterior angles to anterior margin; anteromedian margin weakly produced; posterior angles short, convex, parallel; lateral carina prominent nearly entirely visible dorsally, complete; disc with punctures 2-3 diameters apart, larger and denser on lateral and anterior borders; prosternal process without subapical tooth. Lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I smaller than the others, absent on metatarsomere I. Elytra tapering to apex from anterior third or subparallel on anterior 2/3 then tapering to apex; striae with large and small dense punctation, striae indistinct on apical region where the punctation is mixed and coalescent; interstices convex and rugose, scarcely punctate; apical striae with punctures larger than those of pronotal lateral border. Abdomen with ventrites 2-4 strongly concave laterally; ventrite 1 densely punctate with minuscule fine setae, lateral border smooth with a few long, very fine setae; ventrites 2-4 punctate as ventrite 1 with long, decumbent and semi-erect fine setae, lateral border smooth with a few finer setae. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with stout dark-brown setae. Sternite VIII emarginate posteromedially, anterior sclerotization 0.62x times the total width of sternite; sternite IX with apex rounded.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 16C, D): Phallobase 0.49x the total length of aedeagus, 1.26x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 34; paramere with ventral surface nearly entirely sclerotized with anteromedian margin distinct; penis with basal strut 0.19x its total length, articulated to the parameres by a sclerotized short process; ventral sclerite linear.</p> <p>Holotype: [DPTº ZOOL, UF-PARANÁ], [MARACÁS, BRAZIL, BAHIA, 19/11/1965, F.M. Oliveira leg.], male (DZUP).</p> <p>Paratypes: Same labels as holotype, 2 exs. (DZUP); idem, 1 ex. (MZUSP).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Bahia: Maracás.</p> <p>Remarks: Physodactylus asper sp. nov. is similar to P. fischeri in the shape of prothorax, brown pilosity and the punctation and roughness of elytra, differing from this species in its smaller size, longer antenna, weaker impressed frontal carina, lateral pronotal carina complete, pilosity pattern of the abdominal ventrites, aedeagus with parameres more extensively sclerotized ventrally and articulated to penis through a sclerotized process, basal struts shorter and wider and median part of phallobase shorter.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2424FFA6759C659DF128FA8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2425FFA977B9641DF129FC74.text	7B52527A2425FFA977B9641DF129FC74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus besckei Mannerheim 1842	<div><p>Physodactylus besckei Mannerheim, 1842</p> <p>(Figs. 16 E-I, 34R)</p> <p>Physodactylus besckei Mannerheim, 1842: 93; Lacordaire, 1857: 237; Fleutiaux, 1892: 406, 407; Schwarz, 1906: 311; Schenkling, 1927: 508; Fleutiaux, 1940c: 168; Blackwelder, 1944: 292.</p> <p>Physodactylus besckii Mannerheim, 1842: 93 (misspelling).</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 34R): Integument light yellowish-brown except for head and antennae dark brown, metaventrite darker on lateral borders, abdominal ventrites 1-4 partly black; pilosity yellow. Total length 11.0-13.0 mm; elytral base 1.0-1.1x as wide as prothorax, elytra 3.0-3.1x longer than pronotum. Frons concave along the anterior border with a transverse weak protuberance between antennal insertions, frontal carina produced; antenna (Fig. 16E) reaching the base of pronotal posterior angles; antennomere IV-VIII as long as wide; IX and X 1.25 and 1.12x longer than wide, XI oval 1.75x longer than wide. Pronotum (Fig. 16F) convex, 1.12-1.18x wider than long, lateral sides subparallel on posterior 1/3 then abruptly convergent anteriad, posterior angles short, non-carinate; lateral carina complete, dorsally visible only on posterior third; pronotal disc with punctures umbilicate, 1-2 diameters apart, larger and denser on lateral and anterior borders; prosternal process (Fig. 16G) without subapical tooth. Metatibia with dorsal apical angle not produced to weakly produced; lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I a little smaller than the others, present on metatarsomere I. Elytra subparallel on anterior 2/3 then tapering to apex; punctures of apical striae as large as those of lateral pronotum; elytral interstices weakly convex, smooth, impunctate or scarcely punctate. Abdomen with ventrites 2-3 strongly concave laterally with long decumbent setae on ventrites 2-4, a little shorter on ventrite 1. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with yellow setae. Sternite VIII with posteromedian margin emarginate, anterior sclerotization inverted V-shaped 0.27x the total width of sternite; sternite IX with apex rounded.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 16H, I): Phallobase 0.43x the total length of aedeagus, 1.09x longer than wide, ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 6.12; paramere with ventral surface predominantly membranous except for the lateral border and an anteromedian submarginal band weakly sclerotized; penis with basal strut 0.34x its total length, articulated to the parameres by a sclerotized process; ventral sclerite tapering to apex.</p> <p>Holotype: Not examined.</p> <p>Material examined: BRAZIL. 2 exs. (MNHN); São Paulo, 4 males (MNHN).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. São Paulo.</p> <p>Remarks: Holotype of Physodactylus besckei was not examined, therefore the redescription, based on specimens identified by E. Fleutiaux, requires confirmation. This species is most similar to P. brasiliensis in the coloration of the dorsal surface, abdominal pilosity, shape and relative length of the antenna. It differs from this species in its frons concave along anterior border, less shiny integument, shape of prothorax, more convex pronotum, which is more produced anteriorly over head, sternite IX with rounded apex, dorsal articulation of penis with process less sclerotized, shape of ventral sclerite and the sclerotization of the anteromedian border of parameres.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2425FFA977B9641DF129FC74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A242AFFA8779E657DF690FDEB.text	7B52527A242AFFA8779E657DF690FDEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus brasiliensis Fleutiaux 1892	<div><p>Physodactylus brasiliensis Fleutiaux, 1892</p> <p>(Figs. 17, 35A)</p> <p>Physodactylus brasiliensis Fleutiaux, 1892: 406, 408; Schwarz, 1906: 311; Fleutiaux, 1940c: 168; Schenkling, 1927: 508; Blackwelder, 1944: 292. Redescription (male, Fig. 35A): Integument very shiny, head dark brown with frons lighter, antennomeres I-III reddish-brown, IV-XI dark brown; pronotum light yellowish-brown or ochre with posterior angles, anterior and posterior borders black; scutellum with borders darker, elytra light brown with surrounding area of punctures darker; ventral surface dark brown to black, except for the posterior part of prosternum, epipleura, femur and lateral border of ventrites 1-4 and ventrite 5 light brown; pilosity yellow. Total length 10.0-14.0 mm; elytral base 1.10-1.12x wider than prothorax, elytra 3.12-3.33x longer than pronotum. Frons with a triangular concave area, frontal carina produced; antenna (Fig. 17A) reaching the base to apex of the posterior pronotal angles; antennomere IV-IX as long as wide; X 1.28x longer than wide; XI oval 1.75x longer than wide. Pronotum weakly convex (Fig. 17B) 1.17-1.19x wider than long, lateral sides straight and roundly narrowed from posterior angle to anterior margin, posterior angles long, narrow and carinate; lateral carina nearly reaching the anterior margin, nearly entirely visible dorsally; disc with punctures umbilicate, 1-2 diameters apart, a little larger and denser on lateral and anterior borders; prosternal process (Fig. 17C) without subapical tooth. Lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomere I a little smaller than the others, present on metatarsomere I. Elytra tapering apicad from humerus or anterior third, punctures of apical striae larger than those of the pronotal lateral border; elytral interstices weakly convex, smooth, sparsely punctate. Abdomen with ventrites 2-3 strongly concave laterally, with long decumbent setae on ventrites 2-4, a little shorter on ventrite 1. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with yellow to light-brown setae. Sternite VIII with posterior margin straight or emarginate medially, anterior sclerotization inverted V-shaped 0.28x the total width of sternite; sternite IX with apex acute.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 17E, F): Phallobase 0.49x the total length of aedeagus, 1.36x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 5.70; paramere with ventral surface predominantly membranous except for the lateral border and anterior margin sclerotized; penis with basal strut 0.27x its total length, articulated to the parameres by a strongly sclerotized process; ventral sclerite parallel-sided.</p> <p>Holotype: [Brèsil, Caraça, P. Germain, 2º semestre 1884], [Physodactylus brasiliensis J Fleut. Type Brèsil], [Fltx. 1891], [Museum Paris ex Coll. R. Oberthur], [Type], [Lectotype], [Physodactylus brasiliensis Fleut. J. Chassain det. 05], male (MNHN).</p> <p>Material examined. BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Monlevade, 1 ex. (MNHN); Caraça, 2 exs. (MZUSP); Serra do Cipó, 1 ex. (MZUSP).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: João Monlevade; Serra do Caraça; Serra do Cipó.</p> <p>Remarks: The specimen with the Fleutiaux’s label has terminalia with light-brown setae and sides of penis more rounded. Physodactylus brasiliensis is distinguishable from the other species in its pattern color, the very shiny integument and the long and carinate posterior pronotal angles.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A242AFFA8779E657DF690FDEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A242BFFAB766E63FDF7B4F8EB.text	7B52527A242BFFAB766E63FDF7B4F8EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus brunneus Rosa 2014	<div><p>Physodactylus brunneus sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 18, 35B)</p> <p>Etymology: From latin, brunneus = brown; alluding to the body color of this species.</p> <p>Description (male, Fig. 35B): Integument very shiny; head and antenna dark brown to black, ventral pro- and pterothorax and legs dark brown, pronotum and elytra equally brown or with pronotum darker; ventral abdomen brown with irregular areas lighter; pilosity light brown to brown. Total length 8.0-11.0 mm; elytral base 1.0-1.1x wider than prothorax, elytra 3.1-3.3x longer than pronotum. Frons (Fig. 18B) flat to slightly concave, frontal carina not produced anteriorly; antenna (Fig. 18A) reaching the base of posterior angles; antennomere IV-VIII 1.1x longer than wide, IX-X 1.2-1.3x longer than wide, XI elliptical 2.1x longer than wide. Pronotum (Fig. 18C) weakly convex 1.12-1.20 wider than long, lateral sides nearly straight to rounded convergent anteriad from posterior angles or anterior third; anteromedian margin slightly produced anteriad; posterior angles short, convex, parallel; lateral carina (Fig. 18E) prominent and visible dorsally on posterior 1/3, absent on anterior 1/3-1/2; disc with punctures homogenously or heterogeneously distributed, 2-3 diameters apart, larger and denser on lateral and anterior borders; prosternal process (Figs. 18D, E) with a subapical tooth. Lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I smaller than the others, minuscule or absent on metatarsomere I. Elytra parallel-sided on anterior 2/3 then tapering to apex, striae with a row of punctures; interstices rugose, flat, sparsely punctate; apical striae with punctures a little larger than those of pronotal lateral border. Abdomen with ventrites 2-4 strongly concave laterally, ventrite 1 impuctate on anterior and median inner 2/3 with setae a little smaller than those of ventrite 2 on lateral and posterior borders; ventrites 2-4 with long decumbent and semi-erect setae, MG, Sítio Recanto Paraíso, I.2008 Luz, M.R. Santos sparser on lateral borders. Pregenitalic segments and col.], 1 ex. (MZUSP).</p> <p>aedeagus covered with stout light-brown setae. Sternite</p> <p>VIII (Fig. 18I) with posterior margin straight, anterior Distribution: BRAZIL. Bahia: Encruzilhada; Minas sclerotization linear 0.55x the total width of sternite; Gerais: Frei Gaspar.</p> <p>sternite IX (Fig. 18G) tapering to apex.</p> <p>Remarks: The unique combination of characters of Aedeagus (Figs. 18K, L): Phallobase 0.45x the total P. brunneus sp. nov. includes antenna reaching the length of aedeagus, 1.32x longer than wide, length base of pronotum, lateral carina incomplete, elytral ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 6.1; striae with a row of punctures, interstices flat and venparamere with ventral surface weakly sclerotized lat- trite 1 partly impuctate. It is most similar and symerally, anterior margin sclerotized and contiguous patric to P. pujoli, from which is distinguished in its medially; penis with basal strut 0.28x its total length, larger pronotal punctation, color pattern, abdominal articulated to the parameres by a translucent mem- pilosity and aedeagus shape.</p> <p>brane; ventral sclerite tapering to apex.</p> <p>Holotype: [BRAZIL, Encruzilhada 980 m. Bahia, XI.1974, M. Alvarenga], male (MZUSP).</p> <p>Paratypes: Same label as holotype, 9 exs. (MZUSP), 17 exs. (CNC); [Dpto. Zool., UF-Paraná], [Encruzilhada, Bahia, 960 m – BRAZIL 11/72, Alvarenga &amp; Seabra], 5 exs. (MZUSP), 11 exs. (DZUP); [Coleção M. Alvarenga], [Encruzilhada, 980 m, Bahia, Brasil, XI.1972, M. Alvarenga], 2 exs. (DZUP); [Frei Gaspar</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A242BFFAB766E63FDF7B4F8EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2428FFAD7657675DF182FDCB.text	7B52527A2428FFAD7657675DF182FDCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus chassaini Rosa 2014	<div><p>Physodactylus chassaini sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 19 A-E, 35C)</p> <p>Etymology: In homage to the entomologist Mr. Jacques Chassain, for his dedication to the Physodactylinae collection of the MNHN.</p> <p>Description (male, Fig. 35C): Integument bright; dark brown to black, pronotum reddish-brown with irregular black areas along the borders, epipleurae usually lighter than elytra; pilosity brown. Total length 11.0-15.0 mm; elytral base 1.0-1.1x as wide as prothorax, elytra 3.0-3.25x longer than pronotum. Frons concave, frontal carina not produced; antenna (Fig. 19A) reaching the posterior third of pronotum; antennomere IV 1.14x wider than long, V-X 1.28-1.50x wider than long; XI oval 1.22x longer than wide. Pronotum (Fig. 19B) 1.16-1.31x wider than long, lateral sides nearly straight to rounded convergent from posterior angles to anterior margin; anteromedian margin weakly produced; posterior angles short, convex, parallel; lateral carina complete prominent nearly or entirely visible dorsally; disc with punctures heterogeneously distributed, 2-8 diameters apart, larger and denser on lateral (2-4 diameters apart) and anterior borders (0.5-1.0 diameters apart); prosternal process with a subapical tooth. Lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I smaller than the others, present on metatarsomere I. Elytra tapering to apex from anterior third; striae with a single row of punctures; interstices convex and weakly rugose, scarcely punctate; apical striae with punctures a little larger than those of pronotal lateral border. Abdomen with ventrites 1-4 strongly concave laterally, ventrite 1 densely punctate with setae about 1/3 as long as those of ventrite 2, lateral border impuctate. Ventrites 2-4 densely punctate with long and semi-erect stout setae, lateral border sparsely punctate with a few fine setae. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with stout dark-brown setae. Sternite VIII with lateroposterior sclerotizations separate or contiguous medially; posterior margin straight, anterior sclerotization 0.4-0.6x the total width of sternite; sternite IX with apex rounded.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 19D, E): Phallobase 0.47x the total length of aedeagus, 1.39x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 7.4; paramere with ventral surface nearly entirely sclerotized with anteromedian margin distinct, acute and produced anteriad; penis with basal strut 0.20x its total length, articulated to the parameres by a sclerotized short process; ventral sclerite tapering to apex.</p> <p>Holotype: [BRASIL, MG: Águas Vermelhas, XII.1998, Vaz de Mello &amp; Bello col.], male (MZUSP).</p> <p>Paratypes: Same label as holotype, 33 exs. (MZUSP), 1 ex. (UFMT); [Brasil, Encruzilhada, 980 m. Bahia, XI.1974, M. Alvarenga], 4 exs. (CNC), 2 exs. (MZUSP); [Estr. Rio Bahia, km 965, Motel da Divisa 960 m, Encruzilhada, Bahia, Brasil XII.1980 – B. Silva], 1 ex. (MNRJ); [Coleção M. Alvarenga], [Encruzilhada, 980 m, Bahia, Brasil, XI.1972, M. Alvarenga], 1 ex. (DZUP).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Bahia: Encruzilhada; Minas Gerais: Águas Vermelhas.</p> <p>Remarks: Physodactylus chassaini sp. nov. is similar to P. fischeri, P. asper sp. nov. and P. foveatostriatus in its color pattern, shape of prothorax, brown pilosity and shape of antenna. It differs from the two first species mainly by its elytral striae with a single row of punctures distinct to apex and interstices smoother with a few sparse punctures. Its abdominal pilosity pattern is most similar to that of P. asper sp. nov., but the setae of the later are smaller on ventrite 1 and finer on ventrites 2-4. Physodactylus chassaini sp. nov. is also similar to P. foveatostriatus in its elytral striae punctation, but it is distinguished by its smaller punctures of these striae, interstices more convex and by the abdominal pilosity pattern. All these species have aedeagus quite similar, with a few differences mainly on the length of the median part of the phallobase, shapes of the basal struts, ventral sclerite and dorsal articulation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2428FFAD7657675DF182FDCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A242EFFAC767863DDF406FA34.text	7B52527A242EFFAC767863DDF406FA34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus costae Chassain 2005	<div><p>Physodactylus costae Chassain, 2005</p> <p>(Fig. 35D)</p> <p>Physodactylus costae Chassain, 2005: 69.</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 35D): Integument dark brown with pronotum, sutural elytral interstice and borders of elytra lighter and legs brown; pilosity yellow. Total length 12.0 mm; elytral base 1.0-1.1x wider than prothorax, elytra 3.3x longer than pronotum. Frons concave, frontal carina not or slightly produced; antenna reaching the anterior third of pronotum. IEP 0.30. Antennomere IV 1.4x wider than long, V-X 1.7x wider than long, XI 1.1x as long as wide. Maxilla with galea covered with fine and spiniform setae. Pronotum convex 1.3x wider than long, parallel on posterior third then straight convergent to anterior margin; anteromedian margin slightly produced anteriad; posterior angles short, convex, parallel; lateral carina evenly prominent to anterior margin; dorsally visible only on posterior third; disc with punctures medium size homogenously distributed 2.0-3.0 diameters apart, smaller and denser on lateral and posterior borders; prosternal process without subapical tooth. Lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomere I very small, absent on metatarsomere I. Elytra parallel-sided on anterior half then tapering to apex; apex conjointly rounded; striae deeply impressed, with three rows of punctures, punctures glabrous on the median row, smaller and bearing a small seta on the lateral row; interstices weakly convex on posterior half, flattened on anterior part, smooth and glabrous; apical striae with punctures smaller than those of pronotal lateral border and as large as those of elytral base. Ventral abdomen evenly convex, ventrites 1-5 evenly pilose with short decumbent setae. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with stout yellow setae. Sternite IX tapered to apex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Phallobase 0.5x total length of aedeagus, 1.5x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 5.5; ventral surface of paramere with the lateral half sclerotized; penis with basal strut 0.3x its total length, articulated to the parameres by a strongly sclerotized process; ventral sclerite parallel-sided.</p> <p>Holotype: [Brésil, Mato Grosso, 14°15’50.80”S, 59°13’02.05”W, Chapada dos Parecis, 30 km N <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.217236&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.2641115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.217236/lat -14.2641115)">d’Uirapuru</a>], [01 au 15-12-2000, A. Foucart leg.]. [Holotype], [Physodactylus costae, Holotype, J. Chassain det. 04], male (MNHN).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Campo Novo dos Parecis.</p> <p>Remarks: Sternite VIII was not examined. Physodactylus costae (Fig. 35D) and P. fleutiauxi (Fig. 35G) are sympatric species from Chapada dos Parecis (Mato Grosso state) and were described by Chassain (2005). They are most similar to P. sulcatus in the antennal length: this do not surpass the anterior third of pronotum. The habitus illustrations in Chassain (2005) show P. fleutiauxi with lamella of meso- and metatarsomere I as large as the other ones and P. costae without any lamella in all legs. Actually, as described by Chassain (2005), the lamellae of the tarsomeres I are very small on the pro- and mesothoracic legs and absent on the metathoracic leg in both species. Physodactylus costae is most similar to Physodactylus fleutiauxi, from which can be separated by the features cited in the key proposed herein. Physodactylus costae has aedeagus similar to that of P. latithorax, however the later has penis wider at apex and narrower at base of the basal struts.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A242EFFAC767863DDF406FA34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A242FFFAC75C164BDF6C9F8EB.text	7B52527A242FFFAC75C164BDF6C9F8EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus fischeri Fleutiaux 1940	<div><p>Physodactylus fischeri Fleutiaux, 1940</p> <p>(Figs. 19 F-G, 35E)</p> <p>Physodactylus fischeri Fleutiaux, 1940c: 166; Blackwelder, 1944: 292.</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 35E): Integument bright, head with frons black, gradually lighter posteriorly with the same color of pronotum at base, prothorax reddish-brown, antenna, elytra and ventral abdomen black, ventral pterothorax and legs dark brown; pilosity brown. Total length 17.0 mm; elytral base 1.03x as wide as prothorax, elytra 2.98x longer than pronotum. Frons slightly concave, frontal carina not produced; antenna reaching the half length of pronotum; antennomere IV 1.05x as wide as long, V-VII 1.20x wider than long; VIII-X 1.0-1.1x as wide as long; XI oval 1.28x longer than wide. Pronotum 1.28x wider than long, lateral sides rounded convergent from posterior angles to anterior margin; anteromedian margin weakly produced; posterior angles short, convex, parallel; lateral carina dorsally visible only on posterior third, absent on anterior half; disc with punctures 2-3 diameters apart, larger and denser on lateral and anterior borders. Lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I smaller than the others, absent or minuscule on metatarsomere I. Elytra subparallel on anterior 2/3 then tapering to apex; striae with large and small dense punctation, indistinct on apical region where the punctation is mixed; interstices convex and rugose, scarcely punctate; apical striae with punctures larger than those of pronotal lateral border. Abdomen with ventrites 2-4 concave laterally, 1-4 evenly covered with decumbent, moderately long pilosity, setae of ventrite 1 as long as those of ventrite 2. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with stout dark-brown setae. Sternite VIII with posteromedian margin emarginate, anterior sclerotization 0.28x the total width of sternite; sternite IX with apex rounded.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 19F, G): Phallobase 0.52x the total length of aedeagus, 1.27x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 11.5; paramere with ventral surface partly sclerotized, anteromedian margin with a long median sclerotized strip convergent anteriad; penis with basal strut 0.27x its total length, articulated to the parameres by a translucent membrane; ventral sclerite linear.</p> <p>Holotype: [Bahia, Brasil], [TYPE], [Physodactylus fischeri Fleut., COLLECTION FLEUTIAUX type], [Muséum Paris, Collection E. Fleutiaux], [LECTOTYPE], [Physodactylus fischeri Fleut., J. Chassain det. 05], male (MNHN).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Bahia.</p> <p>Remarks: The apex of the prosternal process was not examined. Physodactylus fischeri is recognized by the following combination of characters: antennae reaching the posterior half of pronotum, lateral pronotal carina absent on anterior half, elytral striae densely punctate and indistinct on apical region and pilosity of the ventrites 1-4 subequal.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A242FFFAC75C164BDF6C9F8EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A242CFFAE758B61DDF706F934.text	7B52527A242CFFAE758B61DDF706F934.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus flavifrons Rosa 2014	<div><p>Physodactylus flavifrons sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 20 A-G, 35F)</p> <p>Etymology: From Latin, flavis = yellow; alluding to the orange head of this species.</p> <p>Description (male, Fig. 35F): Integument bright; head entirely orange except for the black tips of mandible; antennomeres I-III, prothorax, ventral pterothorax and scutellum orange; leg orange with tibia dark brown; antennomeres IV-XI and ventral abdomen dark brown to black, elytra black with an orange spot a little narrower than elytra on anterior 1/5-1/3; pilosity yellow. Total length 10.0- 12.5 mm; elytral base 0.9-1.0 as wide as prothorax, elytra 3.2-3.3x longer than pronotum. Frons flattened, frontal carina not produced; antenna (Fig. 20A) reaching the posterior third of pronotum; antennomere IV 1.22x wider than long, V-VI 1.56 and 1.62x wider than long, VII-VIII 1.44x wider than long, IX-X 1.30-1.33x wider than long, XI oval 1.54x longer than wide. Maxilla (Fig. 20B) with galea covered with a few fine and spiniform setae. Pronotum (Fig. 20C) convex 1.40-1.46x wider than long with posterior 1/3-1/2 parallel, anterior part straight convergent to anterior margin; anteromedian margin produced anteriad; posterior angles short, convex, parallel; lateral carina complete strongly prominent on posterior 2/3, sinuous in lateral view (Fig. 20D), nearly entirely visible dorsally; disc with punctures heterogeneously or homogenously distributed 0.5-1.0 diameters apart, smaller and denser on anterior margin, denser on lateral border; prosternal process (Fig. 20D) without subapical tooth. Lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I as large as those of tarsomeres II-III, small on metatarsomere I. Elytra parallel-sided on anterior 2/3 then tapering to apex; striae deeply impressed, with three rows of punctures, punctures glabrous on the median row, smaller and bearing a small seta on the lateral row; interstices convex, smooth and glabrous; apical striae with punctures smaller than those of pronotal lateral border and as large as those of elytral base. Abdomen with ventrites 2-4 concave, ventrite 1 evenly pilose with setae 1/3 as long as those of ventrite 2, ventrites 2-5 covered with very long semi-erect setae. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with stout yellow setae. Sternite VIII with posterior margin nearly straight, anterior sclerotization 0.55x the total width of sternite; sternite IX tapered to apex.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 20F, G): Phallobase 0.44x the total length of aedeagus, 1.2x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 4.8; paramere with ventral surface nearly entirely sclerotized; penis with basal strut 0.24x its total length, articulated to the parameres by a strongly sclerotized process; ventral sclerite linear.</p> <p>Holotype: [Fazenda Taperinha, prox. Santarém, PA, 01-11.II.1968, Exp. Perm. Amaz.] male, (MZUSP).</p> <p>Paratypes: Same label as holotype, 2 exs. (MZUSP).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Pará: Santarém.</p> <p>Remarks: Physodactylus flavifrons sp. nov. is diagnosable by the unique combination of characters: pilosity yellow, antenna reaching the anterior third of pronotum, prothorax 1.40-1.46x wider than long, lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I as large as the other ones, elytra with striae deeply impressed and as wide as the interstices, abdominal ventrites 2-4 concave with very long setae. This species is most similar to P. sulcatus, P. patens sp. nov. and P. latithorax sp. nov. in shape of prothorax, antenna and elytral striae; however it can be promptly distinguished by its longer abdominal pilosity and ventrites 2-4 concave.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A242CFFAE758B61DDF706F934	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A242DFFB175F467BDF4A1FDEB.text	7B52527A242DFFB175F467BDF4A1FDEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus fleutiauxi Chassain 2005	<div><p>Physodactylus fleutiauxi Chassain, 2005</p> <p>(Fig. 35G)</p> <p>Physodactylus fleutiauxi Chassain, 2005: 68. Redescription (male, Fig. 35G): Integument bright, evenly black; pilosity yellow. Total length 13.5-15.5 mm; elytral base 1.0-1.1x wider than prothorax, elytra 2.7-2.8x longer than pronotum. Frons concave to convex, frontal carina not or slightly produced; IEP 0.21-0.25; antenna reaching the anterior third of pronotum; antennomere IV 1.2x wider than long, V-X 1.8x wider than long, XI oval 1.2x longer than wide. Maxilla with galea covered with fine and spiniform setae. Pronotum convex 1.3x wider than long, parallel on posterior third then straight or roundly convergent to anterior margin; anteromedian margin slightly produced anteriad; posterior angles short, convex, parallel; lateral carina evenly prominent to anterior margin; dorsally visible only on posterior third; disc with punctures medium size homogenously distributed 0.5-1.0 diameters apart, smaller and denser on anterior margin, denser on lateral border; prosternal process without subapical tooth. Lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I very small, absent on metatarsomere I. Elytra parallel-sided on anterior 2/3 then tapering to apex; apex usually with a very small sutural spine; striae deeply impressed, with three rows of punctures, punctures glabrous on the median row, smaller and bearing a small seta on the lateral row; interstices convex, smooth and glabrous; apical striae with punctures smaller than those of pronotal lateral border and as large as those of elytral base. Abdomen with ventrites 1-4 strongly and evenly convex, ventrite 1 evenly pilose with short decumbent setae, 2-4 with long semi-erect setae. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with stout yellow setae. Sternite VIII subrectangular, posterior margin straight, anterior sclerotization 0.5x the total width of sternite; sternite IX tapered to apex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Phallobase 0.5x the total length of aedeagus, 1.6x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 4.5-6.1; ventral surface of paramere with the lateral half and anterior margin sclerotized; penis with basal strut 0.2-0.3x its total length, articulated to the parameres by a strongly sclerotized process; ventral sclerite parallel-sided.</p> <p>Holotype: [Brésil, (Mato Grosso), 14°15’50.80”S, 59°14’02.05”W, Chapada dos Parecis, 30 km N <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.233902&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.2641115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.233902/lat -14.2641115)">d’Uirapuru</a>], [01/ 15-12-2000, A. Foucart]. [Holotype], [Physodactylus fleutiauxi, Holotype, J. Chassain det. 04], male (MNHN).</p> <p>Paratype: [Brèsil, Mato grosso, 14°15’50.80”S, 59°14’02.05”W, Chapada dos Parecis], [30 km N ‘ Uirapuru, Usine alcomat, 01 au 15-XII-2002, A.</p> <p>Foucart leg], [Paratype], [Physodactylus fleutiauxi sp. nov. J. Chassain det 04], 1 ex. (MZUSP).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Parecis.</p> <p>Remarks: Physodactylus fleutiauxi has aedeagus similar to that of P. sulcatus, differing only in its slender phallobase. Physodactylus fleutiauxi differs also from that species in its body evenly black, pronotum weakly convex with lateral carina complete and pronotal punctation distinctly different from the finer and sparser hypomeral punctation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A242DFFB175F467BDF4A1FDEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2432FFB175C363FDF188F8EB.text	7B52527A2432FFB175C363FDF188F8EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus foveatostriatus Fleutiaux, J. Chassain 1892	<div><p>Physodactylus foveatostriatus Fleutiaux, 1892</p> <p>(Figs. 20 H-L, 35H)</p> <p>Physodactylus foveatostriatus Fleutiaux, 1892: 406; Schwarz, 1906: 311; Fleutiaux, 1940c: 164, 166; Blackwelder, 1944: 292.</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 35H): Integument bright; dark brown to black with prothorax orange to reddish-brown; legs colored as elytra or with femur reddish-brown; pilosity brown. Total length 11.5-16.0 mm; elytral base 1.0-1.03x as wide as prothorax, elytra 2.7-3.0x longer than pronotum. Frons concave, disc of anterior part of head strongly convex, frontal carina weakly impressed; antenna (Figs. 20H, 23A) reaching the posterior third of pronotum; antennomere IV 1.22x wider than long, V 1.47x wider than long, VI-X 1.25-1.37x wider than long; XI oval 1.3x longer than wide. Pronotum (Fig. 20I) 1.23-1.34x wider than long, lateral sides nearly straight to rounded convergent from posterior angles to anterior margin; anteromedian margin weakly produced; posterior angles elongate, convex, parallel; lateral carina complete weakly impressed, dorsally visible only on posterior half; disc with punctures 2-3 diameters apart, a little larger and denser on lateral and anterior borders; prosternal process (Fig. 20J) with a subapical tooth. Lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I a little smaller than the others, present on metatarsomere I. Elytra parallel-sided on anterior 2/3 then tapering to apex, apex usually dehiscent; striae with a single row of punctures; interstices flattened, scarcely punctate, weakly rugose; apical striae with punctures about 2 times larger than those of pronotal lateral border. Abdomen with ventrites 2-3 slightly concave laterally, ventrite 1 punctate, covered with fine setae about 1/5 as long as those of ventrite 2, setae longer and sparser on marginal plates; ventrites 2-4 with setae moderately long, decumbent, sparser on marginal plates. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with stout dark-brown setae. Sternite VIII with lateroposterior sclerotizations separate or approximated medially; posterior margin straight, anterior sclerotization 0.3-0.4x the total width of sternite; sternite IX with apex rounded.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 20K, L): Phallobase 0.4x the total length of aedeagus, 0.9-1.0 as long as wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 11.8-15.0; paramere with ventral surface weakly sclerotized, anteromedian margin with a linear sclerotization directed anteriad; penis with basal strut 0.2x times its total length, articulated to the parameres by a sclerotized short process or by a translucent membrane; ventral sclerite elongate, widened apicad.</p> <p>Holotype: [Physodactylus foveatostriatus Chv, Brasilia ex. mus. Castelnau, Collection Chevrolat], [Type], [Collection Chevrolat], [Physodactylus foveatostriatus J, (Chv.) Fleuti. Type, Brèsil], [P. foveatostriatus Fleut. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1892 p. 406, Collection FLEUTIAUX], [TYPE], [Lectotype], [Physodactylus foveatostriatus Fleutiaux, J. Chassain det. 05].</p> <p>Paratypes: [nov. spec.], [Chevrolat], [Collection Chevrolat], [P. foveatostriatus Fleut. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1892 p. 406, Collection FLEUTIAUX], [Paralectotype], [Physodactylus foveatostriatus Fleutiaux, J. Chassain det. 05], 1 ex. (MNHN); idem plus [Bahia], [Coll. Fl. 335], [Muséum Paris, Collection E. Fleutiaux], 1 ex. (MNHN); [Bahia], [Collection Chevrolat], [ex mus. Castelnau], [Chevrolat], [Henningi?], [P. foveatostriatus Fleut. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1892 p. 406, Collection FLEUTIAUX], [Paralectotype], [Physodactylus foveatostriatus Fleutiaux, J. Chassain det. 05], 1 ex. (MNHN).</p> <p>Material examined: BRAZIL, 2 exs. (MNHN); Bahia: 2 exs. (MNHN).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Bahia.</p> <p>Remarks: Physodactylus foveatostriatus is distinguished by its large punctures of the elytral striae, a unique character among Physodactylus species. This autapomorphy combined with the shape of elytra, more tapered and dehiscent at apex, the abdominal pilosity pattern and the shorter phallobase easily separate this species from the morphologically closest species, which are P. fischeri, P. asper and P. chassaini.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2432FFB175C363FDF188F8EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2433FFB375B361DDF440FACB.text	7B52527A2433FFB375B361DDF440FACB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus girardi Rosa 2014	<div><p>Physodactylus girardi sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 21 A-I, 35I)</p> <p>Etymology: In homage to the Dr. Claude Girard, for his contribution to the knowledge of Elateridae.</p> <p>Description (male, Fig. 35I): Integument bright; light brown to brown, head darker, ventral abdomen black with lateral borders light brown; pilosity brown. Total length 8-11 mm; elytral base 1.03-1.08x as wide as prothorax, elytra 2.81-2.91x longer than pronotum. Frons flat to slightly concave, frontal carina not produced anteriorly. Antenna (Fig. 21A) reaching the base of posterior angles; antennomere IV 1.05x as wide as long, V 1.14x wider than long, VI-IX 1.1-1.3x wider than long, XI oval 1.66 times longer than wide. Pronotum (Figs. 21B, C) convex 1.07-1.12x wider than long with lateral sides gradually convergent anteriorly from posterior angle; anteromedian margin weakly produced; posterior angles short, convex, parallel and carinate; lateral carina complete, nearly entirely visible dorsally; disc with punctures 2-3 diameters apart, larger and denser on lateral and anterior borders. Protibia (Fig. 21D) with dorsal apical angle obtuse and not produced, lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I minuscule, absent on metatarsomere I. Elytra parallel-sided on anterior 2/3 then tapering to apex, striae with irregular rows of punctures; interstices flat, scarcely punctate, rugose; apical striae with punctures as large as those of pronotal lateral border. Abdomen with ventrites 2-3 slightly concave laterally, ventrite 1 with setae a little smaller than those of ventrite 2, black area of ventrites 2-4 covered with moderately long setae and dense punctation, lateral brown area with punctures smaller and setae sparse. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with stout brown setae. Sternite VIII with posterior margin straight, anterior sclerotization 0.58x the total width of sternite; sternite IX (Fig. 21G) with apex rounded.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 21H, I): Phallobase 0.44x the total length of aedeagus, 1.14x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 9.5; paramere with ventral surface entirely membranous and translucent; penis with basal strut 0.31x its total length, articulated to parameres by a sclerotized process; ventral sclerite elongate, tapering apicad.</p> <p>Holotype: [BRAZIL: Pirapora, M. Gervais (sic), XI.1975, M. Alvarenga], male (MZUSP).</p> <p>Paratypes: Same label as holotype, 1 ex. (MZUSP), 3 exs. (CNC).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Pirapora.</p> <p>Remarks: P. girardi can be recognized by the combination of the following characters: antenna reaching the base of the pronotal posterior angles, lateral carina complete and nearly entirely visible dorsally, pronotal posterior angles short and carinate, apical dorsal angle of protibia not produced, lamella of tarsomere I very small on the pro- and mesothoracic legs and absent on the metathoracic leg.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2433FFB375B361DDF440FACB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2430FFB2758864DDF1D5FE8B.text	7B52527A2430FFB2758864DDF1D5FE8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus gounellei Rosa 2014	<div><p>Physodactylus gounellei sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 21 J-M, 35J)</p> <p>Etymology: In honor to the French entomologist Pierre Émile Gounelle, who collected the holotype.</p> <p>Description (male, Fig. 35J): Integument very bright; antennae, legs, pronotum and elytra light brown to brown; head and ventral surface of thorax dark brown; abdomen with ventrites 1-3 black with lateral borders light brown, ventrite 4 brown with lateral border lighter, V evenly light brown or brown with borders lighter; pilosity light to dark brown. Total length 10.0-11.0 mm; elytral base 0.96x as wide as prothorax, elytra 2.90-3.04x longer than pronotum. Frons concave along the anterior border, with a pair of transverse protuberances between antennal insertions; frontal carina strongly produced; antenna (Fig. 21J) reaching the half length of pronotum; antennomere IV 1.28x wider than long, V-IX 1.67x wider than long; X 1.58x wider than long; XI oval, 1.25x longer than wide. Pronotum (Fig. 21K) 1.20-1.24x wider than long, lateral sides rounded from posterior angles to anterior margin, strongly narrowed on anterior angles, anteromedian margin produced anteriad over head; posterior angles elongate, convex, parallel; lateral carina complete strongly prominent on posterior 2/3, not visible dorsally on anterior third; disc and lateral margin with punctures 1-2 diameters apart, larger on lateral and anterior borders, homogenously distributed; prosternal process without subapical tooth. Lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I smaller than the others, present on metatarsomere I. Elytra subparallel on anterior 2/3 then tapering to apex; apical striae with a row of punctures as large as those of pronotal lateral border, interstices convex, smooth, scarcely punctate. Abdomen with ventrites 2-3 concave laterally, pilosity of the approximately inner 3/4 (0.76-0.80) of the ventrites 1-3 separated from those of the marginal plates by a shiny impuctate longitudinal band; ventrite 1 with short setae on inner 3/4 and a little longer and denser setae on marginal plate; ventrites 2-3 with setae a little longer, semi-erect and denser than those of the inner part of ventrite 1, spars- er and decumbent on marginal plate; ventrite 4 with setae sparser and longer than those of inner part of ventrite 3, denser on lateral border; ventrite 5 with setae denser and stouter than those of ventrite 4. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with brown setae. Sternite VIII subrectangular, nearly straight posteriorly, anterior sclerotization 0.69x the total width of sternite; sternite IX tapering to apex.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Fig. 21L, M): Phallobase 0.49x the total length of aedeagus, 1.33x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 3.37; paramere with ventral surface sclerotized, with anteromedian margin distinct; penis with basal strut 0.31x its total length, articulated to the parameres by a translucent membrane; ventral sclerite tapering to apex.</p> <p>Holotype: [Bello Horizonte, Minas], [Museum Paris, Brèsil, E. Gounelle. 1911], [Comparé au type par J. Chassain = conforme], [Physodactylus carreti Fleut., v. testaceipennis Flx. J. Chassain det. 05], male (MNHN). Paratypes: [Muséum Paris, Coll. Gounelle, 1915], [Muséum Paris, Coll. E. Fleutiaux], [Comparé au type par J Chassain, conforme], [Physodactylus carreti Fleut., J. Chassain det 05], 1 ex. (MNHN); [Muséum Paris, Coll. Gounelle, 1915], [Physodactylus carreti Fleut., v. testaceipennis Flx., J. Chassain det 05], 1 ex. (MNHN).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte.</p> <p>Remarks: Physodactylus gounellei sp. nov. is similar to P. tuberculatus sp. nov. by its pronotal punctation and having the pilosity of the abdominal ventrites 1-3 divided laterally by a longitudinal smooth band, but differs from this species in its brown pilosity, lateral carina less prominent, anteromedian margin of pronotum less produced over head, absence of tubercle on pronotum, elytral striae with smaller punctures, the longer setae of the abdominal ventrite 1, the position of the smooth longitudinal band on the abdomen and by the stouter and denser setae on the ventrite 5.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2430FFB2758864DDF1D5FE8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2431FFB777CB601DF6E7F9EB.text	7B52527A2431FFB777CB601DF6E7F9EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus henningi Fischer von Waldheim 1823	<div><p>Physodactylus henningi Fischer von Waldheim, 1823</p> <p>(Figs. 22-24, 28, 33 F-M)</p> <p>Physodactylus henningi Fischer von Waldheim, 1823: 303, 1824: 450; Guérin-Méneville, 1829: 43; Lacordaire, 1857: 237; Schwarz, 1906: 311; Fleutiaux, 1892: 406; Fleutiaux, 1940c: 165; Blackwelder, 1944: 292.</p> <p>Physodactylus henningi var. erythrocephalus Fleutiaux, 1892: 406.</p> <p>Physodactylus henningi var. nigricollis Fleutiaux, 1940c: 165.</p> <p>Physodactylus henningi var. puncticollis Fleutiaux, 1940c: 165.</p> <p>Drepanius clavipes Perty 1830: 25; Fleutiaux, 1892: 406 (syn.).</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 35K): Integument bright with brown pilosity and variable color patterns: 1) head and epipleura reddish-brown, pronotum evenly reddish-brown or with lateral carina, posterior angles and posterior margin black; antenna, ventral surface of prothorax and elytra black, pterothorax and legs dark reddish-brown, ventral abdomen black and dark reddish-brown; 2) head, antennae and elytra dark brown, prothorax reddish-brown, ventral pterothorax and abdomen dark reddish-brown; 3) head dark reddish-brown, pronotum, hypomeron, epipleura and middle of scutellum orange to reddish-brown; elytra, borders of scutellum, legs, antennae, prosternum, ventral pterothorax and abdomen dark brown; 4) evenly brown to dark reddish-brown with epipleura lighter; 5) evenly black; 6) dark brown with elytra lighter. Total length 14.0-20.0 mm; elytral base 1.0-1.08x as wide as prothorax, elytra 3.03-3.16x times longer than pronotum. Frons (Fig. 22E) flattened with a pair of oblique protuberances over antennal insertions, convergent posteriorly; frontal carina not produced; antenna (Fig. 22A) reaching the posterior third of pronotum; antennomere IV 0.89-1.22x as wide as long, V-VIII 1.0-1.2x as wide as long; IX 0.89-1.07x as wide as long; X 1.14-1.43x longer than wide; XI elliptical, 1.85-2.10x longer than wide. Pronotum (Figs. 22F, 26H) 1.19-1.25x wider than long, lateral sides slightly rounded or straight convergent from posterior angles to anterior margin; anteromedian margin weakly produced; posterior angles elongate, convex, parallel; lateral carina complete, dorsally visible only on posterior third; disc with punctures 2-4 diameters apart to medium 1-2 diameters apart, larger on lateral and anterior borders, homogenously distributed; prosternal process (Fig. 22H) with a subapical tooth. Lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I a little smaller than the others, present on metatarsomere I; pro- and mesotarsal lamellae as wide as or wider than the subsequent tarsomeres including its setae, largely visible on dorsal view. Elytra subparallel on anterior 2/3 then tapering to apex or tapering to apex from anterior third; apical striae with a row of punctures as large as those of pronotal lateral border, interstices weakly convex, rugose, sparsely punctate. Abdomen (Figs. 22L, M) with ventrites 2-5 strongly concave laterally, ventrite 1 nearly entirely impunctate, except on borders which are usually scarcely pilose, rarely pilose; ventrites 2-5 densely covered with moderately long, stout and semi-erect setae. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with stout dark-brown setae. Sternite VIII (Fig. 23A) with posterior margin nearly straight, anterior sclerotization 0.33-0.38x the total width of sternite; sternite IX (Fig. 23C) tapering to apex.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 23E, F): Phallobase 0.44-0.51x the total length of aedeagus, 1.17-1.51x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 4.10-10.0; paramere with ventral surface nearly entirely sclerotized with anteromedian margin distinct or partly membranous and translucent; penis with basal strut 0.23-0.32x its total length, articulated to the parameres by a translucent membrane; ventral sclerite elliptical.</p> <p>Female: Total length 21 mm; elytral base as wide as prothorax, elytra 2.82x longer than pronotum. Dorsal and ventral surface strongly convex; pronotal punctation smaller and sparser, elytral punctation larger, abdominal pilosity shorter and finer than those of the male; frons concave along the anterior border, with a pair of oblique protuberances over antennal insertions convergent posteriorly; frontal carina not produced; antenna nearly reaching the half length of pronotum; antennomere IV-X 1.1-1.5 wider than long; XI oval, 1.08x longer than wide. Elytra with sides slightly divergent to posterior third then tapering to apex; interstices strongly convex. Hind wings 0.81x as long as elytra. Lamella of tarsomeres absent. Pregenitalic segments and ovipositor with stout brown setae. Sternite VIII (Fig. 24B) with spiculum 0,7x as long as its total length, apical part with lateroanterior angles rounded, partly sclerotized with long and short setae lateroposteriorly, tergite VIII (Fig. 24A) semioval, evenly sclerotized with short seta lateroposteriorly, anterior sclerotized margin emarginate. Ovipositor (Figs. 24C, D) with coxites partly sclerotized with short setae lateroapically, without styli, baculi 3.3x longer than coxites. Reproductive tract (Fig. 24D): bursa copulatrix oval with a row of spines laterally, with a slender diverticulum entering the posterior part of bursa copulatrix; a pair of sac-shaped structures posteriad of bursa copulatrix (possibly colleterial glands), lubricating glands sac-shaped near lateroposterior part of baculi.</p> <p>Material examined: BRAZIL, 8 exs. (MNHN); Bahia: 3 exs. (MNHN), 1 ex. (MZUSP); Espírito Santo: 7 exs. (DZUP), 10 exs. (MNRJ); 24 exs. (1 female) (MZUSP).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Bahia; Espírito Santo: Conceição da Barra, Barra do São Francisco, Linhares, Aracruz.</p> <p>Remarks: The holotype of Physodactylus henningi was supposed to be in the Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University (ZMMU), but it was neither found there nor in the German Collections of the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut (DEI, Dresden) and Zoologisches Staatssammlung (ZSM, Munich). There is no evidence that Fleutiaux compared the holotype with the specimens he identified as P. henningi, on which he based its revisions (1892, 1940c). The confirmation of the identity of these specimens and remaining material examined herein was based on the description and illustrations provided by Fischer von Waldheim (1824). The combination of size (18 mm) to the general appearance, shape of antenna and tarsal lamellae of the specimen illustrated in this work is unique among the Physodactylus species examined. The lamella of the protarsomere I of the specimens examined is usually a little narrower than those of the tarsomeres II and III, only a few specimens have it nearly as wide as the other ones as illustrated by Fischer von Waldheim (1824).</p> <p>I have examined only photos of the dorsal habitus of Drepanius clavipes type, whose antenna illustrated by Perty (1830) is different from that of P. henningi. However, the dorsal view of the specimen deposited at ZSM (Munich) were insufficient to confirm its identity. For this reason I maintain D. clavipes as synonym of P. henningi, although this synonymy should be confirmed.</p> <p>Physodactylus henningi specimens from Linhares present the color pattern 1, while those from Bahia present the color patterns 1 and 2; specimens identified by Fleutiaux (in litt.) as P. henningi v. erythrocephalus without detailed locality have the pattern color 3. The specimens from Aracruz and Conceição da Barra are entirely black (color pattern 5). The specimens described by Fleutiaux (1940; in litt.) as P. henningi v. puncticollis (Bahia) and P. henning v. nigricollis (“ Brèsil ”) are nearly entirely black, except for the pronotum partly dark brown. The specimens from Barra do São Francisco (“Córrego Itá”) present the color patterns 4-6. There are also small variations in size and density of punctation and in the shape of phallobase, nevertheless those differences were found among individuals from same region. On the other hand, all specimens present the following combination of characters: pilosity dark brown, frons with a pair of oblique protuberances over antennal insertions, lateral carina of pronotum complete, first abdominal ventrite nearly entirely smooth and tarsal lamellae as wide as tarsomeres including its setae. These characters clearly distinguish P. henningi from the remaining species of the genus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2431FFB777CB601DF6E7F9EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2434FFB9764C67FDF4EDFDCB.text	7B52527A2434FFB9764C67FDF4EDFDCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus latithorax Rosa 2014	<div><p>Physodactylus latithorax sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 25, 35L)</p> <p>Etymology: From Latin, latus = wide; alluding to the thorax of this species, the widest among Physodactylus species.</p> <p>Description: Integument bright ventrally, dull dorsally; head, antenna, mesoventrite, metepisternum and ventral abdomen black, pro- and mesothoracic legs dark brown with femur orange (except its apical margin dark brown), metathoracic leg as the other ones but with trochanter orange; hypomeron orange with inner margin black, prosternum orange with anterior margin and process black; pronotum and elytra brown; pilosity yellow. Total length 18.0 mm; elytral base as wide as prothorax, elytra 3.48x longer than pronotum. Frons concave, frontal carina not produced anteriorly, frontoclypeal region with a longitudinal carina medially; antenna (Fig. 25A) reaching the half length of pronotum; antennomere IV 1.08x longer than wide, V 1.08x wider than long, VI-VIII 1.64x wider than long, IX-X 1.5x wider than long, XI oval 1.5x longer than wide. Maxilla with galea covered with a few fine and spiniform setae. Pronotum (Fig. 25A) weakly convex 1.56x wider than long with posterior third subparallel then convergent to anterior margin; anteromedi- an margin weakly produced anteriad; posterior angles short, flat, parallel; lateral carina absent on anterior angle (Fig. 25D), visible on posterior 2/3 dorsally; disc with punctures 0.5-1.5 diameters apart, larger and denser on anterior and lateral borders; prosternal process curved 90° dorsad posteriad of procoxae, without subapical tooth (Fig. 25D). Protibia with dorsal margin strongly curved and crenulate (Fig. 25F); lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I as large as those of tarsomeres II-III, small on metatarsomere I. Elytra parallel-sided on anterior 2/3 then tapering to apex; striae deeply impressed, with three rows of punctures, punctures glabrous on the median row, smaller and bearing a small seta on the lateral row; interstices flat, smooth and glabrous; apical striae with punctures smaller than those of pronotal lateral border and as large as those of elytral base. Abdomen (Fig. 25H) with ventrites 1-4 evenly strongly convex, ventrite 1 evenly and densely pilose with semi-erect setae as long as those of the lateral part of ventrite 2; ventrites 2-3 densely covered with short semi-erect setae laterally and long setae medially; ventrite 4 densely covered with long setae. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with stout yellow setae. Sternite VIII (Fig. 25I) subrectangular, posterior margin nearly straight, anterior margin with three sclerotizations occupying 0.75x the total width of sternite; sternite IX tapered to apex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Phallobase 0.47x the total length of aedeagus, 1.27x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 8.71; paramere with ventral surface nearly entirely sclerotized, anteromedian part acute produced anteriad with tips strongly sclerotized and contiguous; penis with sides rounded posteriad of struts, abruptly narrowed near apex, basal strut 0.31x its total length, articulated to the parameres by a strongly sclerotized process; ventral sclerite parallel-sided.</p> <p>Holotype: [Brasil Pará, Serra Norte, N 2- Floresta, 04-XI-1985], [Brasil Pará, P. Tadeu] male (MPEG).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Pará: Serra Norte.</p> <p>Remarks: Physodactylus latithorax is distinguished by the combination of pilosity yellow, antenna reaching the half length of pronotum, frontoclypeal region divided medially by a longitudinal carina, prothorax 1.56x wider than long, prosternal process curved 90° dorsad, lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I as large as the other ones, elytra with striae deeply impressed, abdominal ventrites 2-4 strongly convex, ventrite I evenly densely covered with short and semi-erect setae; aedeagus with outer-apical angle spiniform and penis rounded posteriorly to the struts. This species is most similar to P. sulcatus and P. patens sp. nov., all sharing a convex abdomen and elytral striae, from which P. latithorax sp. nov. differs in its color pattern, larger mandible, frontoclypeal longitudinal carina, wider prothorax, longer pronotal setae, abdominal pilosity pattern and aedeagal shape.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2434FFB9764C67FDF4EDFDCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A243AFFBB767E61DDF1CAFEEB.text	7B52527A243AFFBB767E61DDF1CAFEEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus niger Fleutiaux 1892	<div><p>Physodactylus niger Fleutiaux, 1892</p> <p>(Figs. 26; 27 A-B; 33E, N; 35M)</p> <p>Physodactylus niger Fleutiaux, 1892: 406, 407;</p> <p>Schwarz, 1906: 311; Schenkling, 1927: 508;</p> <p>Fleutiaux, 1940c: 168; Blackwelder, 1944: 292. P. carreti Fleutiaux, 1940c syn. nov. P. carreti var. testaceipennis syn. nov.</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 35M): Integument with yellow pilosity and variable color patterns: 1) brown to reddish-black with epipleura lighter; 2) black with pronotum dark reddish-brown; 3) pronotum light yellowish-brown to orange, elytra light brown to dark brown, ventral surface dark brown to black, legs evenly dark mesotarsomeres I smaller than the others, absent on brown to black or with dorsal margin of tibiae lighter; metatarsomere I. Elytra tapering apicad from base or epipleura light brown; 4) same as the former but with its half length, striae (Fig. 26N) with a row of punclateral carina and pronotal anterior and posterior mar- tures, punctures of apical striae larger than those of gins black, some specimens also with a black median the lateral pronotal border; interstices slightly convex, longitudinal strip; 5) head reddish-black, pronotum, sparsely punctate. Abdominal ventrites weakly convex elytra and epipleura light yellowish-brown, ventral with setae short and decumbent on ventrites 2-4, half surface and legs darker; 6) same as the former but with shorter, very fine and sparser on ventrite 1. Pregenitaventral surface, legs and scutellum black; 7) same as lic segments and aedeagus covered with yellow setae. the former but with pronotal borders black. Antenna Sternite VIII with posterior margin straight or slightly evenly dark brown, scutellum usually with the same emarginate medially, anterior sclerotization curved or color as elytra, sometimes with borders darker. Total bisinuous 0.47-0.85x the total width of sternite; sterlength 8.0-15.0 mm; elytral base 0.97-1.03x as wide nite IX with apex rounded.</p> <p>as prothorax, elytra 2.73-3.10x longer than pronotum.</p> <p>Frons (Figs. 26 C-E) flattened with a weakly to strong- Aedeagus (Figs. 27A, B): Phallobase 0.41-0.49x the toly produced transverse protuberance between antennal tal length of aedeagus, 1.27-1.65x longer than wide, insertions, less prominent medially; frontal carina pro- length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts duced anteriorly; antenna (Fig. 26A) nearly reaching 5.7-10.7; paramere with ventral surface partly memto surpassing by one antennomere the half length of branous, except for the lateral half and the anterior pronotum; antennomere IV 1.1-1.2x wider than long, margin sclerotized; anteromedian sclerotized mar- V-VIII 1.5-1.6x wider than long; IX-X 1.2-1.3x wider gin usually contiguous and arch-shaped; penis with than long; XI oval 1.4-1.5x longer than wide. Prono- basal strut 0.23-0.27x its total length, articulated to tum (Fig. 26F) 1.10-1.29x wider than long, lateral the parameres by a sclerotized process; ventral sclerite sides rounded from posterior angles to anterior mar- parallel-sided.</p> <p>gin, strongly narrowed on anterior angle, anteromedian margin strongly produced (Fig. 26H); posterior Holotype: [Saint Paul], [Physodactylus niger, Fleut., J angles elongate, convex, parallel to convergent; lateral Type, Brèsil], [Fleut. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1892, p. 407, carina prominent, nearly entirely visible dorsally, reach- t. 8, f. 3, Collection FLEUTIAUX], [niger], [Physoing or nearly reaching the anterior margin (Fig. 26I); dactylus Oberthuri Fleut. comparé ou type, 1940, disc with punctures umbilicate, 1-2 or 2-4 diameters Collection FLEUTIAUX] [type], [nig. J (terminalia apart, usually irregularly distributed, larger and denser and aedeagus attached)] [Museum Paris, Coll. E. Fleuon lateral and anterior borders; prosternal process with tiaux], [Physodactylus niger Fleut., J. Chassain det. subapical tooth (Figs. 26G, H). Lamellae of pro- and 05], [Holotype], male (MNHN).</p> <p>Material examined: Without locality: 2 exs. (MNHN); BRAZIL. Holotype of P. carreti syn. nov. (MNHN). Minas Gerais: 2 exs. (MNHN). São Paulo: 3 exs. (MNHN), 61 exs. (MZUSP), 3 exs. (CNC), 1 ex. (IBSP). Goiás: 1 ex. (MNHN), 3 exs. (MZUSP). Mato Grosso do Sul: 2 exs. (MZUSP), 2 exs. (UNESP-IS).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Goiás: Jataí, Rio Verde; Mato Grosso do Sul: Três Lagoas, Selvíria; Minas Gerais: Uberaba; São Paulo: Ribeirão Preto, Mogi Guaçu, Araras, Orlândia, Sud Menucci, Pradópolis, São José do Rio Preto, Pirassununga, Assis, Magda, Piracicaba, Guatapará, Batatais.</p> <p>Remarks: Fleutiaux (1892) described Physodactylus niger as similar to P. oberthuri and distinguished it by its smaller size, the black, narrower and less convex body, the pronotum more strongly punctate with anterior margin more widely rounded. In 1940, Fleutiaux considered these features insufficient to separate those species and synonymized P. niger under P. oberthuri. The analysis of a larger series of specimens revealed that P. niger is a valid species that exhibit polymorphisms in color pattern, size and punctation among specimens from same region. Nevertheless, this species can be distinguished from other Physodactylus species by the following combination of characters: general pilosity yellow, frons with a transverse protuberance, frontal carina produced anteriorly; prothorax strongly and abruptly narrowed anteriorly with lateral carina prominent, pronotal anteromedian margin produced over head, pronotal punctation heterogeneously distributed; lamella of mesotarsomere I absent; abdominal ventrites weakly convex, ventrite 1 with setae fine, half shorter and sparser them those of ventrite 2, ventrites 2-4 evenly pilose. Physodactylus niger can be promptly distinguished from P. oberthuri by its larger and denser pronotal punctation, yellow pilosity and convex abdomen (brown pilosity and laterally concave abdomen in P. oberthuri).</p> <p>The holotype of Physodactylus carreti syn. nov. has color pattern 3, punctation 1-2 diameters apart on pronotal disc and antenna nearly reaching the base of pronotum; its aedeagus has the apex broken but does not present any consistent difference from those of other P. niger specimens. The type of P. carreti var. testaceipennis syn. nov. has the color pattern 6, pronotal punctation more sparsely distributed (2-4 diameters apart on pronotal disc). Specimens collected at Ribeirão Preto and Mogi Guaçu exhibit all color patterns. The specimens from Sud Menucci and São José do Rio Preto are the smallest, while those from Rio Verde, Jataí and Três Lagoas are the largest, representing the extreme sizes of a morphocline in body length. The specimens from Três Lagoas have the anteromedian sclerotized margin of parameres more widely separate. Some specimens from other localities also present this margin separate in variable width.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A243AFFBB767E61DDF1CAFEEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2438FFBA766660FDF40EFCAB.text	7B52527A2438FFBA766660FDF40EFCAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus oberthuri Fleutiaux, J. Chassain 1892	<div><p>Physodactylus oberthuri Fleutiaux, 1892</p> <p>(Figs. 27C, D; 35N)</p> <p>Physodactylus oberthuri Fleutiaux, 1892: 406, 407; Schwarz, 1906: 311; Schenkling, 1927: 508; Fleutiaux, 1940c: 168; Blackwelder, 1944: 292; Chassain, 2005: 68.</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 35N): Integument very bright, dark brown with elytra lighter; pilosity brown. Total length 12.5 mm; elytral base 0.97x as wide as prothorax, elytra 2.7x longer than pronotum. Frons with a circular protuberance medially; frontal carina produced anteriorly; antenna nearly reaching the half length of pronotum; antennomere IV-X 1.2-1.3x wider than long; XI oval. Pronotum 1.18x wider than long, lateral sides rounded from posterior angles to anterior margin, strongly narrowed on anterior angle, anteromedian margin strongly produced; posterior angles elongate, convex, parallel; lateral carina complete, prominent, nearly entirely visible dorsally; disc and lateral margin with punctures very small and weakly impressed, 4-6 diameters apart, larger on anterior margin, homogenously distributed. Lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I smaller than the others, present on metatarsomere I. Elytra rounded on anterior 2/3 then tapering to apex; striae with a row of punctures larger than those of lateral pronotal border, interstices slightly convex, rugose, sparsely punctate. Abdomen with ventrites 2-3 concave laterally, with setae moderately long and decumbent on ventrites 2-5, ventrite 1 with setae a little shorter than and as dense as those of ventrites 2-5. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with brown setae. Sternite VIII with posterior margin emarginate medially, anterior sclerotization curved 0.57x the total width of sternite; sternite IX with apex acute.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 27C, D): Phallobase 0.49x the total length of aedeagus, 1.32x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 3.7; paramere with ventral surface partly membranous, except for the lateral margin and the anterior margin sclerotized; anteromedian sclerotized margin approximate at middle; penis with basal strut 0.34x its total length, articulated to the parameres by a translucent membrane; ventral sclerite tapering apicad.</p> <p>Holotype: [Brèsil mér], [ex-Musaeo Miniszech], [TYPE], [Fltx. 1891], [1940, FLEUTIAUX det.], [Fleut. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1892, p. 407, t. 8 f. 2 Collection FLEUTIAUX], [Physodactylus oberthuri J Fleut. type], [Physodactylus oberthuri J Fleut. type, Brèsil (Coll. Oberthur)], [Museum Paris, ex. Coll. R. Oberthur], [Lectotype], [Physodactylus oberthüri Fleutiaux, J. Chassain det. 05], male, (MNHN).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL.</p> <p>Remarks: The apical part of the prosternal process was not examined. Physodactylus oberthuri is similar to P. niger and P. tuberculatus sp. nov. in prothoracic shape. It is most similar to this latter in the shape of aedeagus, very bright integument and pronotal punctation homogenously distributed. It differs from both species manly in its brown setae and the very fine pronotal punctation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2438FFBA766660FDF40EFCAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A2439FFBD75B0623DF1A5FEAB.text	7B52527A2439FFBD75B0623DF1A5FEAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus patens Rosa 2014	<div><p>Physodactylus patens sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 28, 35O)</p> <p>Etymology: From latin, patens = wide; alluding to the widened elytra of this species.</p> <p>Description (male, Fig. 35O): Integument bright ventrally, dull dorsally; brown with posterior third of elytra and abdominal marginal plates black; tibiae and tarsi dark brown; pilosity yellow. Total length 17.0 mm; elytral base 1.04x as wide as prothorax, elytra 3.15x longer than pronotum. Frons (Fig. 28B) concave; frontal carina not produced anteriorly; frontoclypeal region with a longitudinal carina medially; antenna (Fig. 28A) reaching the half length of pronotum; antennomere IV 1.27x wider than long, V 1.58x wider than long, VI-VIII 1.4-1.5x wider than long, IX-X 1.4 and 1.33x wider than long, XI suboval 1.25x longer than wide. Maxilla with galea covered with a fine and spiniform setae. Pronotum (Fig. 28C) convex 1.46x wider than long with sides rounded and convergent from posterior angles to anterior margin; anteromedian margin produced anteriad; posterior angles short, convex, parallel; lateral carina nearly reaching the anterior margin, prominent, nearly entirely visible dorsally; disc with punctures small 0.5-1.0 diameters apart, denser on anterior border, larger and denser on lateral border; prosternal process without subapical tooth (Fig. 28D). Protibia with dorsal margin strongly curved and crenulate (Fig. 28F); lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I as large as those of tarsomeres II-III, small on metatarsomere I. Elytra widened and rounded from base to posterior 1/4 then tapering to apex; striae deeply impressed, with three rows of punctures, punctures glabrous on the median row, smaller and bearing a small seta on the lateral row; interstices convex, smooth and glabrous; apical striae with punctures smaller than those of pronotal lateral border and as large as those of elytral base. Abdomen with ventrites 1-4 evenly strongly convex, ventrite 1 evenly pilose with fine setae as long as those of the lateral part of ventrite 2; ventrites 2-3 covered with short fine setae laterally and long fine setae medially, ventrite 4 with long fine setae. Pregenitalic segments (Figs. 28 I-L) and aedeagus covered with stout yellow setae. Sternite VIII (Fig. 28L) subrectangular, posterior margin nearly straight, anterior sclerotization 0.72x the total width of sternite; sternite IX (Fig. 28I) tapered to apex.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 28M, N): Phallobase 0.47x the total length of aedeagus, 1.31x longer than wide, with lateral part abruptly narrowed on posterior half, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 5.36; ventral surface of paramere with the lateral half sclerotized, anteromedian margin contiguous arch-shaped; penis with sides strongly widened and rounded posteriad of struts then abruptly narrowed and tapering to apex, with basal strut 0.30x its total length, articulat- ed to the parameres by a strongly sclerotized process; ventral sclerite linear.</p> <p>Holotype: [Jacareacanga, Pará Brasil, XII-1968, M. Alvarenga], [Coleção M. Alvarenga] male (DZUP).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Pará: Jacareacanga.</p> <p>Remarks: P. patens is diagnosable by the combination of pilosity yellow, antenna reaching the half length of pronotum, prothorax 1.46x wider than long, lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I as large as the other ones on the same leg, elytra with striae deeply impressed, abdominal ventrites 2-4 strongly convex, ventrite 1 densely covered with short, decumbent and fine setae. The aedeagus with penis strongly widened and round- ed posteriad of the struts and the phallobase with lateral parts abruptly narrowed on posterior half are autapomorphies of this species. Its strongly convex abdomen is a character shared with P. sulcatus and P. latithorax sp. nov., from which it differs in its color pattern and elytral shape. It is most similar to P. latithorax by the pilosity pattern and elytral striae, but the elytra of P. patens sp. nov. are wider and rounded and the abdominal setae are finer, decumbent and sparser. The carina on the frontoclypeal region is unique to this species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A2439FFBD75B0623DF1A5FEAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A243EFFBC767A603DF4CEF8EB.text	7B52527A243EFFBC767A603DF4CEF8EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus pujoli Fleut., FLEUTIAUX 1940	<div><p>Physodactylus pujoli Fleutiaux, 1940</p> <p>(Figs. 29, 35P)</p> <p>Physodactylus pujoli Fleutiaux, 1940c: 164, 166; Blackwelder, 1944: 292.</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 35P): Integument very shiny; head, antenna, ventral pterothorax and legs dark brown, pronotum light brown with borders (or borders and disc) darker, elytra evenly brown or gradually darker apicad; ventral abdomen black with lateral borders brown; pilosity brown. Total length 9.5-12.0 mm; elytral base as wide as prothorax, elytra 2.8-3.0x longer than pronotum. Frons concave, frontal carina produced; antenna (Fig. 29A) reaching the base of posterior angles; antennomere IV as wide as long, V-VI 1.1-1.2x wider than long, VII-VIII as wide as long, IX-X 1.1-1.2x longer than wide, XI elliptical 2.0x longer than wide, apex constricted. Pronotum (Fig. 29B) weakly convex 1.22-1.27x wider than long, with lateral sides nearly straight from posterior angles or posterior third to anterior margin; anteromedian margin weakly produced anteriad; posterior angles short, convex; lateral carina complete weakly impressed anteriorly, dorsally visible only on posterior half; disc with punctures 2-4 diameters apart, a little larger and denser on lateral and anterior borders.</p> <p>metatibia; H, I, aedeagus (dorsal, ventral).</p> <p>Lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I smaller than Material examined: BRAZIL. Bahia: 2 exs. (MNHN). the others, minuscule or absent on metatarsomere I. Elytra parallel-sided on anterior 2/3 then tapering to Distribution: BRAZIL. Bahia: Ribeirão do Largo. apex, striae with rows of large and small punctation; interstices convex, scarcely punctate, rugose; apical Remarks: The prosternal process was not examined. striae with punctures about 2.0 larger than those of Physodactylus pujoli is similar to P. brasiliensis in its pronotal lateral border. Abdomen with ventrites 2-4 very shiny integument, color pattern and weakly constrongly concave laterally, ventrite 1 with setae a little vex pronotum, but can be promptly distinguished smaller than those of ventrite 2, black area of ven- from this species by its brown pilosity. It shares with trites 1-4 covered with long decumbent and semi- P. asper and P. fischeri the elytral striae punctation, but erect setae and dense punctation, lateral brown area its striae are more deeply impressed and distinct at with punctures finer and setae sparser. Pregenitalic apex. Physodactulys pujoli shares the antennal length segments and aedeagus covered with stout dark- with P. asper sp. nov. and P. girardi sp. nov. It is symbrown setae. Sternite VIII subrectangular, posterior patric with the former, from which it differs in the margin nearly straight, anterior sclerotization 0.44x color pattern, pilosity of the ventrite 1, pronotal the total width of sternite; sternite IX tapered to apex. punctation and elytral striae and interstices.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 29C, D): Phallobase 0.44x the total length of aedeagus, 1.12x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 13.7; paramere with ventral surface weakly sclerotized laterally and along the anteromedian margin; penis with basal strut 0.26x its total length, articulated to the parameres by a translucent membrane; ventral sclerite linear weakly sclerotized apically.</p> <p>Holotype: [Cachimbo, Prov. Bahia, Ch. Pujol 1890], [TYPE], [Physodactylus pujoli Fleut., FLEUTIAUX det. type], [Muséum Paris, Coll. E. Fleutiaux], [Lectotype], male (MNHN).</p> <p>Paratypes: [Cachimbo, Prov. Bahia, Ch. Pujol 1890], [COTYPE], [Physodactylus pujoli Fleut., FLEUTIAUX det. cotype], [Muséum Paris, Coll. E. Fleutiaux], [Lectotype], 1 ex. (MNHN).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A243EFFBC767A603DF4CEF8EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A243FFFBF778B645DF1F8FB2B.text	7B52527A243FFFBF778B645DF1F8FB2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus sulcatus Fleutiaux, J. Chassain 1940	<div><p>Physodactylus sulcatus Fleutiaux, 1940</p> <p>(Figs. 30, 33O, 35Q)</p> <p>Physodactylus sulcatus Fleutiaux, 1940c: 165, 167; Blackwelder, 1944: 292; Chassain, 2005: 70.</p> <p>Physodactylus obesus Fleutiaux, 1940c: 165, 167; Blackwelder, 1944: 292; Chassain, 2005: 70; syn. nov.</p> <p>Physodactylus testaceus Fleutiaux, 1940c: 165, 167; Blackwelder, 1944: 292; Chassain, 2005: 68, 70; syn. nov.</p> <p>Redescription (male, Fig. 35Q): Integument entirely bright or with elytral interstices dull; pilosity yellow; color patterns: 1) dark brown with prothorax orange; 2) head and elytra black, antenna, ventral pterothorax, legs and ventral abdomen dark brown, prothorax and epipleura orange, scutellum dark orange; 3) head, elytra, prosternum apically, ventral pterothorax and abdomen black, prothorax (except prosternum apically), epipleura and apical elytral suture light to dark orange, with or without an orange spot on base and apex of elytra, ventral abdomen evenly colored or with lateral borders lighter; 4) as the former but antenna orange and femur entirely or partly orange; 5) as pattern 3 but pronotal disc dark brown; 6) antenna, prothorax (except prosternum apically), elytra and epipleura brown, head, prosternum apically, ventral pterothorax and abdomen dark brown to black, legs dark brown with femur lighter. Total length 8.0-15.0 mm; elytral base 1.0-1.1x wider than prothorax, elytra 3.0-3.4x longer than pronotum. Frons concave to convex, frontal carina not or slightly produced; antenna (Fig. 30A) reaching or surpassing the anterior third of pronotum but not reaching its half length; antennomere IV 1.3-1.4x wider than long, V-X 1.6-1.86x wider than long, XI circular to oval 1.0-1.1x times as long as wide. Maxilla (Fig. 30B) with galea covered with fine and spiniform setae. Pronotum (Fig. 30D) convex 1.3-1.4x wider than long, parallel on posterior third then straight or roundly convergent to anterior margin; anteromedian margin slightly produced anteriad; posterior angles short, convex, parallel; lateral carina evenly prominent to anterior margin or weaker impressed to absent on anterior third; dorsally visible only on posterior third; disc with punctures medium homogenously distributed 0.5-1.0 diameters apart, smaller and denser on anterior margin, denser on lateral border; prosternal process without subapical tooth (Fig. 30E). Lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeree I very small, minuscule or absent on metatarsomere I. Elytra parallel-sided on anterior 2/3 then tapering to apex; apex usually with a very small sutural spine; striae (Fig. 33O) deeply impressed, with three rows of punctures, punctures glabrous on the median row, smaller and bearing a small seta on the lateral row; interstices convex, smooth and glabrous; apical striae with punctures smaller than those of pronotal lateral border and as large as those of elytral base. Abdomen with ventrites 1-4 strongly and evenly convex, ventrite 2 evenly pilose with short decumbent setae, II-IV with mixed short decumbent and long semi-erect setae, longer setae denser on median region. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with stout yellow setae. Sternite VIII subrectangular, posterior margin straight, anterior sclerotization 0.6x the total width of sternite; sternite IX tapered to apex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Phallobase 0.5x the total length of aedeagus, 1.2x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 3.5-5.2; ventral surface of paramere with the lateral half and anterior margin sclerotized; penis with basal strut 0.2-0.3x its total length, articulated to the parameres by a strongly sclerotized process; ventral sclerite parallel-sided.</p> <p>Holotype: [Jatahy, Goyas Brèsil], [Physodactylus sulcatus Fleut. COLLECTION FLEUTIAUX], [TYPE], [Muséum Paris, Coll. E. Fleutiaux], [Lectotype], [Physodactylus sulcatus Fleutiaux, J. Chassain det. 05], male (MNHN).</p> <p>Material examined: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: 10 exs. (MZUSP), 8 exs. (CNC), holotype of P. testaceus syn. nov. (MNHN). Mato Grosso do Sul: 1 ex. (MNHN); holotype of P. obesus syn. nov. (MNHN).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Cuiabá, Rosário Oeste, Sinop, Vera; Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá.</p> <p>Remarks: Fleutiaux (1940c) described Physodactylus sulcatus, P. obesus and P. testaceus, each one based on a single specimen. He distinguished them by color pattern, integument brightness and size. However, the analysis of a larger series showed that the differences in those features are variations. Specimens from Vera (MT) exhibit all color patterns, including specimens with the same color (pattern 6) and size of P. testaceus holotype. Material examined from Sinop (MT) includes specimens as small as the P. sulcatus holotype (9 mm) and specimens as large as the P. obesus holotype (13 mm).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A243FFFBF778B645DF1F8FB2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
7B52527A243CFFC5764165BDF4DFFD54.text	7B52527A243CFFC5764165BDF4DFFD54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physodactylus tuberculatus Rosa 2014	<div><p>Physodactylus tuberculatus sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 31, 35R)</p> <p>Etymology: From Latin, tuberculum = tubercle; alluding to the conspicuous pronotal tubercle of this species.</p> <p>Description (male Fig. 35R): Integument very bright, dark brown with elytra lighter or black with elytra dark reddish-brown and epipleura lighter; pilosity yellow. Total length 11.0- 13.5 mm; elytral base 0.93-1.05x as wide as prothorax, elytra 2.73-3.03x times longer than pronotum. Frons with a transverse or circular protuberance medially; frontal carina strongly produced anteriorly; antenna nearly reaching the half length of pronotum; antennomere IV and V 1.4-1.5x wider than long, VI-VIII 1.9-2.0x wider than long; IX-X 1.6x wider than long; XI subcircular as wide as long. Pronotum (Fig. 31A) 1.18-1.21x wider than long, lateral sides rounded from posterior angles to anterior margin, strongly narrowed on anterior angles, anteromedian margin strongly produced; posterior third at middle with a small spiniform tubercle (Fig. 31B); posterior angles elongate, convex, parallel; lateral carina complete, strongly prominent on posterior half, not visible dorsally on anterior half; disc and lateral margin with punctures 1-2 diameters apart, larger on anterior angle, homogenously distributed; prosternal process without subapical tooth. Lamellae of pro- and mesotarsomeres I smaller than the others, present on metatarsomere I. Elytra tapering from base to apex; striae apical striae with a row of punctures about 3 times larger than those of pronotal disc; interstices flat, slightly rugose, sparsely punctate. Abdomen (Fig. 31D) with ventrites 2-3 concave laterally, pilosity of the inner 2/3 (0.6-0.7) of the ventrites 1-3 separated from those of lateral bor- der by a glabrous and impunctate longitudinal band; ventrite 1 with short setae on inner third and twice longer, denser and stouter setae on lateral border; ventrites 2-3 with setae semi-erect twice longer, denser and stouter than those of the inner part of ventrite 1, sparser on lateral border; ventrite 4 with setae spars- er, longer and stouter than those of the inner part of ventrite 3, denser on lateral border; ventrite 5 with median setae sparse, denser on borders. Pregenitalic segments and aedeagus covered with yellow setae. Sternite VIII subrectangular with anterior margin and anterior sclerotization strongly curved, posterior margin slightly to strongly emarginate (Fig. 31E), anterior sclerotization 0.4x the total width of sternite; sternite IX with apex rounded.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 31F, G): Phallobase 0.47x the total length of aedeagus, 1.36x longer than wide, length ratio between lateroposterior and median parts 3.3-4.8; paramere with ventral surface predominantly membranous, except for the lateral and the anterior margin sclerotized; anteromedian sclerotized margin approximate at middle; penis with basal strut 0.32x its total length, articulated to the parameres by a translucent membrane; ventral sclerite parallel-sided.</p> <p>Holotype: [Gorham Collection acc69966], [Physodactylus, nov (illegible), Brazil], [Physodactylus oberthuri, comparado ao tipo, C. Costa 1995] male, (MZUSP). Paratypes: [Brésil], [Collection Bonvouloir], [Fleutx. 1891], [Physodactylus oberthuri, Fleut, FLEUTIAUX det. 1944], [Museum Paris, ex Coll. R. Oberthur], [Museum Paris Coll. E. Fleutiaux], [Physodactylus niger Fleut. ?, J. Chassain det. 05] 1 ex., (MNHN); [Lavras, Minas Gerais, 13/12/1988, R.C. Garcia], [Physodactylus oberthuri (Fleut., 1892), S.A.C. Chen det. 1989], 1 ex. (MZUSP); [Minas Geraes], [Fry Coll., 1905.100.], [486ª], 1 ex. (BMNH), idem plus [J], [486ª], [3681], [P. oberthuri Fleut, ex desc. Det. K.G. Blair], 1 ex. (BMNH).</p> <p>Distribution: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Lavras.</p> <p>Remarks: The specimen from Lavras differs from the other two specimens in the coloration pattern (elytra black with lighter epipleura) and relatively longer elytra. Its genitalia is also somewhat different from that of the holotype in the shape of the sternite VIII, with posterior margin slightly emarginate, and the larger ratio between lateroposterior and median parts of the phallobase (4.75). The genitalia of the MNHN and BMNH paratypes were not examined. All specimens share the conical tubercle on posterior region of pronotum and the pilosity pattern of abdomen, which are unique characters for Physodactylus tuberculatus sp. nov.</p> <p>Physodactylus tuberculatus sp. nov. shares with P. niger and P. oberthuri the shape of prothorax, but is easily distinguishable by the above mentioned unique characters. It shares with P. niger the yellow pilosity and differs from this species also in its smaller and homogenously distributed pronotal punctation, anteromedian margin of pronotum more produced, elytral striae with larger punctures, flat elytral interstices, antennomeres shorter and the lateral carina more prominent posteriorly and less prominent anteriorly. It is most similar to P. oberthuri in the aedeagal shape, very bright integument, pronotal punctation homogenously distributed and the color pattern, usually with elytra lighter, a pattern not found among P. niger specimens. Physodactylus tuberculatus sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. oberthuri by its yellow pilosity, larger pronotal punctation, the pronotal tubercle and the abdominal pilosity pattern.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B52527A243CFFC5764165BDF4DFFD54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rosa, Simone Policena	Rosa, Simone Policena (2014): Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Physodactylinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 54 (18): 217-292, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.18
