taxonID	type	description	language	source
7B1D87A3FFFCFFE3E0CA176336E6B947.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Protokalligramma bifasciatum gen. et sp. nov.	en	Yang, Qiang, Makarkin, Vladimir N., Ren, Dong (2011): Two interesting new genera of Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, China. Zootaxa 2873: 60-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202696
7B1D87A3FFFCFFE3E0CA176336E6B947.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Proto- (from the Greek protou, before) + - kalligramma (from Kalligramma, a genus-group name), in reference to the taxonomic affinity of the genus as an isolated (‘ primitive’) taxon in Kalligrammatidae. Gender neuter (ICZN, 1999: Article 30.1.2).	en	Yang, Qiang, Makarkin, Vladimir N., Ren, Dong (2011): Two interesting new genera of Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, China. Zootaxa 2873: 60-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202696
7B1D87A3FFFCFFE3E0CA176336E6B947.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new genus may be distinguished from other kalligrammatid genera by the following combination of forewing character states: costal space strongly narrowed towards apex; simply (generalised) constructed MP, not pectinately branched [pectinate anteriorly directed branches in most other genera], cross venation relatively scarce [dense in most other genera], eye-spot absent [shared with Sophogramma Ren et Guo, 1996; present in other genera], CuP and 1 A relatively short, not running parallel to hind margin [CuP, 1 A long, running nearly parallel to hind margin in most other genera].	en	Yang, Qiang, Makarkin, Vladimir N., Ren, Dong (2011): Two interesting new genera of Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, China. Zootaxa 2873: 60-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202696
7B1D87A3FFFCFFE3E0CA176336E6B947.taxon	discussion	Comments. Protokalligramma gen. nov. is unusual among Kalligrammatidae as the forewing venation strongly differs from those of most other known genera. Nonetheless, this genus may not be treated as a representative of a new family (or assigned to another family) because its venation is generally concordant with that of Kalligrammatidae. Moreover, it is similar to that of the specimen from the Late Jurassic of Karatau named ‘ Kalligramma turutanovae ’ Martynova by Ponomarenko (2002: Fig. 254) (which itself likely represents a new genus). Protokalligramma bifasciatum gen. et sp. nov. shares with ‘ K. turutanovae ’ a similar generalised structure of MP, CuA, CuP and 1 A. In the latter, however, a well-developed eye-spot is present, cross venation is dense, CuA and CuP are longer, running almost parallel to the hind margin for considerable distance. The presence of dense short hairs on the membrane found in the wing of Protokalligramma gen. nov. is characteristic of many Kalligrammatidae. Panfilov (1968) mentioned them to be present in the genera Kalligramma Walker, 1904, Meioneurites Handlirsch, 1906, and Kalligrammula Handlirsch, 1919. However, the membrane of the wings of other genera (e. g., Sophogramma, Apochrysogramma gen. nov.) lacks hairs. These hairs are most probably spinules (long ‘ microtrichia’), i. e., non-cellular, non-innervated, non-socketed, and non-articulated cuticle processes, not true sensilla (Vshivkova & Makarkin 2010). Minute true spinules (‘ microtrichia’) occur on the wing membrane of some extant neuropteran families (e. g., Hemerobiidae, Ithonidae, Dilaridae), but they are usually invisible (or hardly visible) in fossils. The only exception is the presence of rather long hairs (probably spinules) on part of the hind wing membrane in the Early Eocene ithonid Palaeopsychops setosus Archibald et Makarkin (Archibald & Makarkin 2006: Fig. 17). Protokalligramma bifasciatum sp. nov. Figs. 1 – 3	en	Yang, Qiang, Makarkin, Vladimir N., Ren, Dong (2011): Two interesting new genera of Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, China. Zootaxa 2873: 60-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202696
7B1D87A3FFFCFFE3E0CA176336E6B947.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin bi, double, and fasciatus, striped, in references to the forewing color pattern of the holotype.	en	Yang, Qiang, Makarkin, Vladimir N., Ren, Dong (2011): Two interesting new genera of Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, China. Zootaxa 2873: 60-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202696
7B1D87A3FFFCFFE3E0CA176336E6B947.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Specimen No. CNU-NEU-NN 2009026, deposited in CNUB. An incomplete, well-preserved forewing. Type locality and horizon. Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China; Middle Jurassic (Bathonian, Jiulongshan Formation).	en	Yang, Qiang, Makarkin, Vladimir N., Ren, Dong (2011): Two interesting new genera of Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, China. Zootaxa 2873: 60-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202696
7B1D87A3FFFCFFE3E0CA176336E6B947.taxon	description	Description. Forewing broad, round-ovate, 60 mm long (as preserved; estimated complete length> 70 mm), 38 mm wide (as preserved; estimated complete width about 40 mm). Entire wing membrane densely covered with short hairs, longest in basal part of costal space (in region of humeral veinlet), long in anterior portion (Fig. 3 B), and short to very short in other regions. Trichiation on veins relatively short. Trichosors not visible due to dense, short trichiation on and near margins, probably absent. Costa stout. Costal space most dilated at 1 / 4 proximal length; slightly narrowed towards wing base, narrowed towards apex. All subcostal veinlets in proximal half dichotomously branched, connected by 2 - 4 crossveins forming 3 - 4 irregular costal series. Humeral veinlet welldeveloped, recurrent and branched; two unknown vein-like structures in antehumeral space (one shown in Fig. 3 A, labeled vs). Subcostal space relatively narrow, with rather widely spaced crossveins. R 1 space narrow; strongly narrowed basally. Rs originating close to base of wing, with seven preserved branches; origin of Rs 1 close to origin of Rs, forked near its origin; Rs 2 - Rs 4 profusely dichotomously forked. M and R clearly separated basally. Fork of M rather close to base of wing; MA and MP similarly constructed, both with few (dichotomous) branches distally. Cu divided into CuA and CuP very close to base of wing. CuA relatively short, with five distal pectinate branches, at least proximal-most branch deeply forked. CuP few-branched, forked twice in distal half. 1 A profusely dichotomously branched. 2 A pectinate, each branch dichotomously branched. 3 A short, poorly preserved. Main area of wing posterior to R filled with regularly and widely spaced crossveins (compared with most other Kalligrammatidae); crossveins apparently rare in area of marginal twigging. Jugal lobe not detected, apparently absent. Wing membrane fuscous, blackish in costal space, paler in distal and posterior portion of wing, with color pattern consisting of two transverse blackish bands, and several small dark brown or blackish patches basally and near hind margin.	en	Yang, Qiang, Makarkin, Vladimir N., Ren, Dong (2011): Two interesting new genera of Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, China. Zootaxa 2873: 60-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202696
7B1D87A3FFF8FFE6E0CA10463757BD48.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin rotundus, round, in reference to the rounded shape of the forewing of the holotype.	en	Yang, Qiang, Makarkin, Vladimir N., Ren, Dong (2011): Two interesting new genera of Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, China. Zootaxa 2873: 60-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202696
7B1D87A3FFF8FFE6E0CA10463757BD48.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Specimen No. CNU-NEU-NN 2009033, deposited in CNUB. An incomplete well-preserved forewing, broken into two parts (proximal and distal) and preserved on different layers. Type locality and horizon. Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China; Middle Jurassic (Bathonian, Jiulongshan Formation).	en	Yang, Qiang, Makarkin, Vladimir N., Ren, Dong (2011): Two interesting new genera of Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, China. Zootaxa 2873: 60-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202696
7B1D87A3FFF8FFE6E0CA10463757BD48.taxon	description	Description. Forewing rounded, with costal margin slightly convex, about 45 mm long as originally preserved (39 mm when restored; estimated complete length> 55 mm), 36 mm wide. Costal space very broad, not narrowed towards wing apex. Subcostal veinlets very closely spaced, few-branched, parallel to each other, connected by irregularly spaced crossveins between their basal portions; very shallowly forked near costal margin (alternatively, the fusion of trichosors and curved veinlet terminations could form these shallow forks; Fig. 6 B). Trichosors not detected. Sc concave, distally not fused with R 1. R convex, parallel to Sc for long distance. Subcostal space narrow. Rs almost completely incorporated into R, with at most 26 ORBs. ORB 1 (= Rs 1) forked four times in middle part of wing; other ORBs sometimes forked once or twice before marginal twigging. MA strongly concave, straight for most of length, few branched distally. Stem of MP concave, curved smoothly posteriorly with numerous (approximately 25) pectinate, anteriorly directed branches. CuA strongly convex, running parallel to MP; with approximately 12 pectinate branches. CuP slightly concave, pectinate. Anal region not preserved. Crossveins numerous, dense over most of wing (subcostal to intracubital spaces), sparse between branches of CuA, CuP basally; entirely absent for long distances between closely spaced terminal veinlets of ORBs, branches of MP, CuA, CuP (‘ marginal twigging’). Eye-spot well developed, faintly visible, consisting of rounded central convex structure (i. e. embossed) (approximately 3 mm diameter) with concave margin, and many (approximately 35 in number) smaller pale spots differing in size (0.2 mm to 1.5 mm diameter), forming ring around central spot (Fig. 6 A); each pale spot located in one cell, whereas central spot occupying many cells. Rest of wing color pattern consists of several fuscous stripes in MP space, dark transverse band in radial space distal of eye-spot, and a dozen dark spots along outer margin.	en	Yang, Qiang, Makarkin, Vladimir N., Ren, Dong (2011): Two interesting new genera of Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, China. Zootaxa 2873: 60-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202696
