taxonID	type	description	language	source
7A6E8782FFDFFFEA29C38D7AFE51F79E.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — ECUADOR. Loja: Cantón Loja, vía El Cisne-Ambocas-Portovelo, 2000 m, 02 January 2018, Zambrano B. 2273 (holotype, QCNE; isotype, QCNE [in spirit]). Epiphytic, erect, sympodial herb, up to 40 cm tall. Roots 2 – 3 mm in diameter, scarce, from the base of the stems, fleshy, flexuous, white. Stems 12.0 × 0.2 – 0.25 cm, cane-like, terete, erect to slightly curved, new stems produced from a middle or sub-apical internode of the previous stem, covered by 5 – 7 tubular, imbricate, persistent, chartaceous, gray-brown non-foliar sheaths. Leaves 2.5 – 8.0 × 0.5 – 0.7 cm, 6 – 8 distributed along the apical half of the stem, subcoriaceous, distichous, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, carinate at the apex, channeled at the base; sheaths 0.4 – 1.6 × 0.2 – 0.25 cm, striated longitudinally, tubular, persistent, chartaceous. Inflorescence apical, racemose, arching, shorter than the apical leaf; peduncle 4.0 – 6.2 × 1.5 – 1.8 mm, terete, covered by a chartaceous bract 2.0 – 3.0 × 1.5 – 1.7 mm, conduplicate, persistent; rachis 10.0 – 12.5 × 1.4 – 1.8 mm, terete, slightly pustulate; floral bracts 1.5 – 4.5 mm long, narrowly triangular, acuminate, persistent, scarious. Flowers 7 – 8, opening in succession, small, resupinate, the sepals amber-yellow, the petals and lip amber-yellow suffused with brown, column light green, the anther greenish-cream suffused with brown; no fragrance perceived. Sepals fleshy, waxy, margin entire, 3 - veined; dorsal sepal 3.4 – 3.8 × 2.5 – 2.7 mm, elliptic, rounded, shortly apiculate; lateral sepals 3.8 – 4.2 × 2.8 – 3.1 mm, obovate-elliptic, rounded, shortly apiculate, carinate dorsally. Petals 3.5 – 3.9 × 1.5 – 1.7 mm, fleshy, oblong, rounded, marginally erose near the apex, 3 - veined. Lip 3.8 – 4.5 × 5.3 – 5.5 mm, fleshy, fused to the basal half of the column, concave, sub- 3 - lobed, obliquely reniform-sub-quadrate, deeply cordate at the base, margin erose, truncate at apex, 9 - veined, with the lateral veins branched; ecallose, the central disc with 3 parallel, elongate ribs, about half as long as the lip, with 4 additional lateral ribs (two on each side), short and radiating; lateral lobes 3.0 – 3.3 × 1.4 – 1.5 mm, transversely elliptic; mid-lobe 0.5 – 0.8 × 2.3 – 2.5 mm, much smaller than the lateral lobes, transversely hemielliptic. Column 2.5 – 3.0 × 2.0 – 2.2 mm, short, slightly curved, terete, thick, with a large apical wing on each side, widely rounded; clinandrium-hood short, margin slightly undulate; stigma ventral, concave, covered by a viscous substance; rostellum apical, cleft; nectary short, without penetrating the ovary, unornamented. Ovary 7.0 – 7.9 × 1.2 – 1.5 mm, straight, terete, thin, longitudinally sulcate. Anther 0.7 × 1.4 mm, dorsal, trapezoid-reniform, glandular-papillose; pollinarium 0.7 mm long, formed by 4 pollinia, cream-colored, sub-equal, obovate, laterally compressed, caudicles granulose. Capsule not seen.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFDFFFEA29C38D7AFE51F79E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Epidendrum amoanum is only known from the Loja province (road to El Cisne- Portovelo) in southwestern Ecuador (Fig. 3). The plant grows as an epiphyte on the branches of shrubs of Miconia Ruiz & Pavón (1794: 60) and Euphorbia Linnaeus (1753: 450) species at 2000 m in elevation. Phenology: — In cultivation, E. amoanum flowered between January and August.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFDFFFEA29C38D7AFE51F79E.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The name honors the researchers at the AMO herbarium (Mexico City), in recognition of their outstanding contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical orchids, especially their work on the genus Epidendrum. Additional material examined: — ECUADOR. Loja: Cantón Loja, vía El Cisne-Ambocas-Portovelo, 2000 m, 02 January 2018, Zambrano B. s. n. (QCNE).	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFDFFFEA29C38D7AFE51F79E.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Epidendrum amoanum belongs to the Diothonea group, and is recognized by the oblong-lanceolate leaves, amber-yellow flowers, elliptic dorsal sepal, oblong, erose petals, and a sub- 3 - lobed lip with seven minute keels and truncate apex. The most similar species is the Peruvian E. amaruënse, but it differs in the smaller plants (20 cm vs. 40 cm tall), linear-lanceolate leaves (vs. oblong-lanceolate), non-resupinate, yellow to ochre-green flowers (vs. resupinate, amber-yellow), the ovate dorsal sepal, 5 mm long (vs. elliptic, 3.4 – 3.8 mm long), the ovate petals (vs. oblong), and an entire lip with 5 - keels and 2 - lobed apex (vs. sub- 3 - lobed, with seven minute keels and truncate apex). Epidendrum jativae Dodson (1980: pl. 85) differs in the non-resupinate flowers, green suffused with burgundy red to purplish brown (vs. resupinate, amber-yellow), elliptic-obovate dorsal sepal (vs. elliptic), petals 6 mm long (vs. 3.5 – 3.9 mm long), and an entire lip with 3 keels and 4 - lobed apex (vs. sub- 3 - lobed, with 7 minute keels and truncate apex) (Santiago & Hágsater 2006).	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFD4FFE029C38BF8FBB4FEFD.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — ECUADOR. El Oro: Cantón Piñas, Moromoro, sector Quebrada Oscura, 900 m, 31 August 2007, Zambrano B. 217 (holotype, QCNE; isotype, QCNE). Epiphytic or terrestrial herb, erect, sympodial, caespitose, up to 150 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots 1.5 – 2.0 mm in diameter, from the base of the stems, fleshy, flexuous, white. Stems 20 – 120 × 0.4 – 0.6 cm, cane-like, terete, erect, the basal half covered by 7 – 13 tubular, imbricated, persistent, chartaceous, gray-brown non-foliar sheaths. Leaves 8 – 11 × 2 – 3 cm, 6 – 12 distributed along the apical half of the stem, fleshy, coriaceous, distichous, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, oblique to slightly bilobed at the apex, channeled at the base; sheaths 2.5 – 4.0 × 0.5 – 0.6 cm, longitudinally striated, tubular, persistent, chartaceous, green, purple on underside and margins. Inflorescence up to 80 cm long, apical, erect, a multi-flowered raceme; peduncle 15 – 70 × 0.2 cm, terete, covered by chartaceous bracts 20 – 25 × 3 – 4 mm, conduplicate, persistent; rachis 2 – 6 × 0.2 cm, terete; floral bracts 2 – 7 × 1 – 2 mm, acuminate, persistent, scarious, embracing. Flowers numerous, 5 open at one time, with floral buds in various stages of development, extended, non-resupinate, the sepals, petals and lip orange turning red-orange when old, the callus yellow, column light purple suffused with orange, the anther green-brown. Sepals slightly revolute on the apical half, margin entire; dorsal sepal 10.0 – 11.5 × 3.8 – 4.3 mm, lanceolate-elliptic, acute, shortly apiculate, 5 – 7 - veined, with the lateral veins branched, slightly reticulate; lateral sepals 10 – 11 × 4.0 – 4.5 mm, obliquely oblanceolate, obtuse, shortly apiculate, carinate dorsally, 7 - veined, with the lateral veins branched, slightly reticulate. Petals 10.0 – 11.3 × 2.8 – 3.3 mm, slightly revolute at apex, obliquely oblanceolate, acute to obtuse, margin somewhat undulate, 5 - veined, with the lateral veins branched. Lip 10 – 11 × 11 – 13 mm, deeply 3 - lobed, fused to the column, cordate at the base; callus massive, formed by 5 unequal tubercles, acute, the mid protuberance obovoid, apically triangular, not reaching the sinus of the apical lobe, the lateral protuberances shorter, with another pair of basal, ovoid-triangular, acute, divergent structures, all forming a groove on the middle at the base; lateral lobes 4.5 – 5.5 × 5.5 – 6.0 mm, trapezoid, distally deeply laciniate; mid-lobe 5.0 – 7.0 × 9.0 – 10.0 mm, flabellate with a narrow isthmus in the basal half, apical half bilobed, the lobes divergent, oblong, distally deeply laciniate, with a mucro in the apical sinus. Column 6.0 – 6.5 × 1.3 – 1.5 mm, short, slightly arched near the base, terete, with a digitiform, truncate lateral wings extending on each side, slightly divergent; clinandrium-hood short, covering only the base of the anther, margin minutely undulate, the lateral sides minutely dentate marginally; stigma ventral, concave, covered by a viscous substance; rostellum apical, laminar, slit; nectary deep, penetrating about half the ovary, minutely papillose. Ovary 25.0 – 30.0 × 1.3 – 1.5 mm, arching, terete, longitudinally sulcate. Anther 1.5 × 0.9 mm, dorsal, ovate, glandular-papillose; pollinarium 1 mm long, formed by 4 pollinia, yellow, oblanceolate, sub-equal, laterally compressed, caudicles imbricated, granulose. Capsule not seen.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFD4FFE029C38BF8FBB4FEFD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — The new species is only known from Piñas and Atahualpa in El Oro province (Fig. 10). Epidendrum laciniatum grows as an epiphyte on shrub branches of Miconia species, or rarely in organic matter and moss, at 650 – 1300 m in elevation. Phenology: — In cultivation E. laciniatum flowered between May and August.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFD4FFE029C38BF8FBB4FEFD.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet derives from the Latin laciniatus “ slashed into narrow divisions with taperpointed incisions ”, in reference to the distal margins of the lip. Additional material examined: — ECUADOR. El Oro: Cantón Piñas: Piñas to Machala, km 10, 1000 m, 19 July 1979, Dodson et al. 8455 (SEL). Cantón Piñas, sector Monos, 1100 m, 11 October 2007, Zambrano B. 299 (QCNE). Cantón Piñas, sector La Garganta, 1100 m, 11 October 2007, Zambrano B. 301 (QCNE). Cantón Piñas, sector Libertad, 1000 m, 12 November 2007, Zambrano B. 390 (QCNE). Cantón Piñas, parroquia Moromoro, sector Quebrada Oscura, 1000 m, 06 December 2008, Zambrano B. 642 (QCNE). Cantón Piñas, parroquia Moromoro, sector El Placer-Palosolo, 981 m, 30 June 2014, Zambrano B. 1530 (QCNE). Cantón Piñas, parroquia Moromoro, camino antiguo Palosolo, 1241 m, 30 June 2014, Zambrano B. 1560 (QCNE). Cantón Atahualpa, sector Cerro Azul, 1013 m, 19 July 2019, Zambrano B. 2402 (QCNE). Cantón Atahualpa, Hcda. Daucay, 650 m, 14 October 1993, X. Cornejo 515 (GUAY, QCNE).	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFD4FFE029C38BF8FBB4FEFD.taxon	discussion	Comments: — The new species belongs to the Schistochilum group, and is distinguished by its oblong-lanceolate leaves, the light orange, non-resupinate flowers turning red-orange with age, the obliquely oblanceolate petals, and the lip with 5 - tubercles, and the distal margins of the lateral and mid-lobe strongly laciniate. The most similar species is E. ptochicum, which is known to occur from Colombia to Peru. It differs from E. laciniatum in the deep orange to red flowers (vs. light orange, turning red-orange with age), the shorter dorsal sepal (8 – 9 mm vs. 10.0 – 11.5 mm long), the obovate petals (vs. obliquely oblanceolate), the smaller lip (7.6 × 9.6 mm vs. 10 – 11 × 11 – 12 mm), bearing a callus with 7 - tubercles (vs. 5 - tubercles), the mid-lobe scarcely laciniate not bilobed at the apex (vs. strongly laciniate, bilobed), and column with an entire clinandrium-hood (vs. minutely undulate-dentate). The Ecuadorian Epidendrum portokalium Hágsater & Dodson (2004: pl. 778) is similar in color but it differs the lanceolate leaves (vs. oblonglanceolate), orange-red flowers (vs. light orange, turning red-orange with age), the elliptic dorsal sepal (vs. lanceolateelliptic), the 3 - veined petals (vs. 5 - veined), lip with a callus formed by 7 - tubercles (vs. 5 - tubercles), the lateral and mid lobe fimbriate (vs. strongly laciniate), and the shorter column (5.0 mm vs. 6.5 mm).	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFCEFFFF29C38CF5FE51FABD.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — ECUADOR. El Oro: Cantón Atahualpa, sector Daucay, 847 m, 01 July 2017, Zambrano B. 1941 (holotype, QCNE; isotype, QCNE). Epiphytic, erect, sympodial, caespitose herb, up to 30 cm tall. Roots 2 – 3 mm in diameter, from the base of the stems, fleshy, flexuous, white. Stems 21 × 0.4 – 0.5 cm, cane-like, ancipitose, erect to slightly curved, basal half covered by 4 – 5 compressed, imbricated, persistent, chartaceous, gray-brown non-foliar sheaths. Leaves 7 – 8 × 1.0 – 1.6 cm, 3 – 4 distributed along the apical half of the stem, coriaceous, distichous, sessile, oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, obtuse, emarginate at the apex, channeled at the base, light green; sheaths 1.0 – 3.5 × 0.3 – 0.4 cm, longitudinally striated, ancipitose, persistent, chartaceous. Inflorescence apical from the mature stem, erect, a raceme with successive flowers; peduncle 10 – 11 × 1.5 – 1.6 mm, terete, covered by a chartaceous bract 5 – 6 × 1.5 – 1.6 mm, conduplicate, persistent; rachis 1.0 – 1.5 mm long, terete; floral bracts 6.5 – 7.0 mm long, acute, persistent, scarious. Flowers resupinate, the sepals and petals spreading, yellow-green, dorsally purplish, lip cream with the calli and mid-lobe pale yellow, column white suffused with green towards the base, anther white; producing a sweet nocturnal fragrance. Sepals fleshy, margin entire, revolute, 10 - veined; dorsal sepal 44 – 48 × 3.5 – 4.4 mm, linear-lanceolate, oblique, long-acuminate; lateral sepals 44 – 48 × 4.8 – 6.4 mm, obliquely linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, carinate dorsally. Petals 44 – 46 × 1.8 – 2.4 mm, fleshy, linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, margins entire, revolute, 5 - veined, the lateral veins very reduced. Lip 35 – 39 × 11.0 – 12.5 mm, fleshy, 3 - lobed, fused to the column, widely cuneate at the base; bicallose, the calli small, laminar, divergent, elliptic-ovate, rounded; lateral lobes 10.0 – 12.0 × 3.1 – 4.0 mm, hemi-ovate, slightly obtuse or truncate, inner margin straight, with thickened veins towards the base; mid-lobe 30 – 32 × 1.8 – 2.3 mm, longer than the lateral lobes, linear-triangular, long-acuminate, margin entire. Column 10.5 – 11.0 × 2.7 – 3 mm, short, slightly arching, terete, lobed apically; clinandrium-hood erose, covering the anther; stigma ventral, short, concave, covered by a viscous substance; rostellum apical, laminar, slit; nectary penetrating almost two-thirds of the ovary, minutely striated longitudinally. Ovary 45 – 48 × 2.5 – 2.7 mm, thin, terete, unornamented, thicker near the middle. Anther 0.9 × 0.9 mm, dorsal, obovate, glandular-papillose; pollinarium 0.8 mm long, formed by 4 pollinia, yellow, sub-equal, obovoid, laterally compressed, the inner margin straight, caudicles granulose, longer than the pollinia. Capsule not seen.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFCEFFFF29C38CF5FE51FABD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Epidendrum leptopetalum is only known from two populations (Daucay and Monos) in El Oro province (Fig. 13). It grows as an epiphyte on the branches of shrubs of Carapa Aublet (1775: 32), Ocotea Aublet (1775: 780 – 781), and Miconia species at 800 – 1000 m in elevation. Phenology: — In cultivation, E. leptopetalum flowered between December and March.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFCEFFFF29C38CF5FE51FABD.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet is from the Greek λεπτΟΣ “ fine, thin, slender ”, and πεταλΟΝ “ petal ”, in reference to the slender petals. Additional material examined: — ECUADOR. El Oro: Cantón Atahualpa, sector Daucay, 847 m, 01 July 2017, Zambrano B. s. n. (QCNE). Cantón Piñas, sector Monos, 1000 m, 19 August 2019, Zambrano B. 2417 (QCNE).	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFCEFFFF29C38CF5FE51FABD.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Epidendrum leptopetalum belongs to the Nocturnum group, and is distinguished by the light green, oblong-elliptic to lanceolate leaves, yellow-green flowers with lip cream, long-acuminate sepals and petals, and the lip with hemi-ovate, slightly obtuse or truncate lateral lobes. The most similar species is Epidendrum litense from northwestern Ecuador. It differs in the green flowers with the lip white (vs. yellow-green with the lip cream), the smaller dorsal sepal (28 – 35 mm vs. 44 – 48 mm long), the 3 - veined petals (vs. 5 - veined), the lip with triangular-falcate lateral lobes (vs. hemi-ovate), and the shorter column (7.0 – 8.0 mm vs. 10.5 – 11.0 mm long). Epidendrum mininocturnum Dodson (1977: 53) from the Chocó region of Colombia and Ecuador, differs in the smaller plants (less than 15 cm vs. up to 30 cm tall), flowers reddish-green to pink with a white lip (vs. yellow-green with a cream lip), the shorter dorsal sepal (27 – 28 mm vs. 44 – 48 mm long), the 3 - veined petals (vs. 5 - veined), and the lip with obliquely semi-ovate lateral lobes (vs. hemi-ovate) (Sánchez & Hágsater 2010). Epidendrum condornocturnum Hágsater & Tobar (2018 a: pl. 1613), restricted to the southeast of Ecuador and possibly Peru, can be distinguished by the elliptic leaves (vs. oblong-elliptic to lanceolate), larger petals (67 – 87 × 3 – 4 mm vs. 44 – 46 × 1.8 – 2.4 mm), larger lip (longer than 5 cm vs. shorter than 3.9 cm), with larger, hemi-elliptic calli (vs. small, elliptic-ovate calli), the narrowly hemi-obovate lateral lobes, half as long as the mid-lobe (vs. hemi-ovate, one third the length of the mid lobe), and the longer column (17 – 18 mm vs. 10.5 – 11.0 mm long).	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFDBFFE429C389F0FD3AFDF8.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — ECUADOR. El Oro: Cantón Piñas, sector Quebrada Oscura, vía a Moromoro, 1000 m, 12 August 2019, Zambrano B. 2408 a (holotype, QCNE; isotype, QCNE). Hybrid formula: Epidendrum laciniatum Zambrano & Hágsater × Epidendrum calanthum Rchb. f. & Warsz. in Reichenbach (1854: 111). Terrestrial, sympodial, caespitose herb, to 150 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots 1.5 – 2.0 mm in diameter, from the base of the stems, fleshy, flexuous, white. Stems 20 – 120 × 0.4 – 0.6 cm, cane-like, terete, erect, the lower half covered by 5 – 7 tubular, imbricated, persistent, chartaceous, gray non-foliar sheaths. Leaves 5.5 – 11.0 × 1.6 – 3.3 cm, 6 – 15 distributed along the apical half of the stem, fleshy, coriaceous, distichous, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, oblique to slightly bilobed at the apex, channeled at the base; sheaths 1.5 – 3.6 × 0.4 – 0.6 cm, longitudinally striated, tubular, persistent, chartaceous. Inflorescence up to 60 cm long, apical, erect, racemose; peduncle 15 – 50 × 0.2 – 0.3 cm, terete, covered by chartaceous bracts 55 – 65 × 2 – 3 mm, conduplicate, persistent; rachis 3 – 4 × 0.2 cm, terete. Floral bracts 2 – 9 × 1 – 2 mm, much shorter than the ovary, acuminate, persistent, scarious, amplexicaul. Flowers numerous, nonresupinate, 6 – 15, successive, several open at the same time, with floral buds in various stages of development, the sepals, petals and lip red-orange, lateral apices of the column, calli and mid-rib yellow, the yellow color spilling over to the disc, turning totally red when old, the anther yellow-red; no fragrance perceived. Sepals extended, margin entire, 7 - veined, slightly reticulate; dorsal sepal 10 – 11 × 4.0 – 4.5 mm, oblanceolate-elliptic, acute, short apiculate; lateral sepals 10 – 11 × 4.5 – 5.0 mm, obliquely oblanceolate, acute, short apiculate, dorsally carinate. Petals 10 – 11 × 4.5 – 5.0 mm, extended, elliptic, acute to obtuse, margin somewhat undulate, 3 - veined, with the lateral veins branched. Lip 10 – 11 × 11 – 13 mm, slightly fleshy, deeply 3 - lobed, fused to the column, cordate at the base; 4 - callose, the calli digitiform, in two superimposed pairs, one adnate to the lip, another sub-erect at a 30 ° angle, with a thickened, short mid-rib that extends to the distal end of the isthmus of the mid-lobe of the lip; lateral lobes 5.0 – 6.0 × 6.0 – 7.0 mm, trapezoid, distally laciniate; mid-lobe 6.0 – 6.8 × 7.0 – 9.0 mm, flabellate from a short obtrapezoid isthmus at the base, apical half deeply bilobed, the lobes divergent, oblong, distally laciniate, with a minute mucro in the apical sinus. Column 6.0 – 7.5 × 1.6 – 2.0 mm, short, terete, with a digitiform, rounded lateral wings extending on each side, slightly divergent; clinandrium-hood reduced, covering only the base of the anther, margin erose-denticulate; stigma ventral, concave, covered by a viscous substance; rostellum apical, laminar, slit; nectary long, penetrating about half the ovary, minutely papillose. Ovary 25.0 – 36.0 × 1.5 – 1.8 mm, arching, terete, longitudinal sulcate. Anther 1.5 × 1.0 mm, dorsal, ovate, glandular-papillose. Pollinarium 1 mm long, formed by 4 pollinia, yellow, obovoid, sub-equal, caudicles imbricated, granulose; viscidium semi-liquid. Capsule not seen.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFDBFFE429C389F0FD3AFDF8.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Epidendrum × inauditum is a rare natural hybrid known only from El Oro province, in southwestern Ecuador (Fig. 6). It has been registered in two reduced areas (road to Libertad and on the way Moromoro-Machala) growing as a terrestrial on the organic matter and moss at 1000 – 1100 m in elevation. An additional unvouchered specimen was observed near the ranger station at Buenaventura reserve. Phenology: — In cultivation, E. × inauditum flowered from April to November.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFDBFFE429C389F0FD3AFDF8.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet is from the Latin inauditus “ new or unknown ”, referring to this new and rare natural hybrid plant in the field. Additional material examined: — El Oro: Cantón Piñas, Piñas, sector Libertad, 1000 m, 12 November 2007, Zambrano 392 (QCNE; AMO-digital voucher). Piñas: Moromoro, Monos, 1047 m, en remanente de bosque siempre verde premontano Catamayo-Alamor, 22 August 2015, Tobar 1528 (AMO-digital voucher).	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFDBFFE429C389F0FD3AFDF8.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Epidendrum × inauditum belongs to the Schistochilum group and may be recognized by the redorange, non-resupinate flowers, elliptic petals with the margins somewhat undulate, and the lip with digitiform calli, in two superimposed pairs, and trapezoid lateral lobes and a flabellate mid-lobe. The natural hybrid is very rare since it has only been seen, photographed or collected a few times in a narrow area. The putative parent species are E. lacinatum and E. calanthum; which occur sympatrically on the road to Moromoro and Libertad and bloom in the same season. Epidendrum lacinatum differs from the hybrid in the orange flowers (vs. red-orange), lanceolate-elliptic dorsal sepal (vs. oblanceolate-elliptic), oblanceolate petals (vs. elliptic), and a lip with callus formed by 5 unequal tubercles (vs. digitiform, in two superimposed pairs, with a thickened, short mid-rib not reaching the isthmus of the mid-lobe). Epidendrum calanthum (Fig. 7) can be distinguished by the resupinate flowers (vs. non-resupinate), pink flowers (vs. red-orange), marginally erose petals (vs. marginally undulate), and a bicallose lip with a longer, central mid-rib (vs. 4 - callose, with a short mid-rib not reaching the isthmus of the mid-lobe of the lip). To be noted, E. laciniatum has non-resupinate flowers with a complex callus and seems to have dominated in color and position over the resupinate E. calanthum. There is no evidence of the hybrid being fertile and reproducing or producing introgression with either of the parent species. Similar hybrids are not known from the Andean region. The color and non-resupinate flowers are reminiscent of the Brazilian E. puniceoluteum. That species is distinguished from E. × inauditum by the larger sepals (11.3 – 18.0 mm vs. 10 – 11 mm long), the lip with a calli digitiform, entire (vs. digitiform, in two superimposed pairs), the sub-quadrate to sub-flabelliform lateral lobes (vs. trapezoid), and a mid-lobe formed by a sub-oblong isthmus in the basal half (vs. flabellate, formed by a obtrapezoid isthmus in the basal half) (Hágsater 2019). Another similar species is Epidendrum cryptopateras Hágsater & Courtinard (2019: pl. 1715) from Martinique, which can be distinguished by the oblonglanceolate dorsal sepal (vs. oblanceolate-elliptic), the lip with a callus laminar, semi-elliptic (vs. digitiform, in two superimposed pairs), and a mid-lobe formed by a quadrate isthmus in the basal half (vs. flabellate, formed by an obtrapezoid isthmus). The natural hybrid between E. cryptopateras and Epidendrum secundum Jacquin (1760: 29) is Epidendrum × elongatum Jacquin (1791: 260), whose both parent species have non-resupinate flowers, but the former has two calli and mid-rib, whereas E. secundum has a complex callus. The resulting hybrid with pink flowers, which turns orange when aging, back-crossed with both parents and thus E. × elongatum has a range of callus forms and dominates the populations on the islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe, the parents being very rare and nearly extinct (Hágsater & Santiago 2019). Epidendrum × obrienianum Rolfe (1888: 770 – 771), a commonly cultivated artificial hybrid, differs in its crimsonred flowers (vs. red-orange), oblong-lanceolate petals (vs. elliptic), lip with a calli digitiform, entire (vs. digitiform, in two superimposed pairs), and a mid-lobe formed by a sub-quadrate isthmus in the basal half (vs. flabellate, formed by an obtrapezoid isthmus) (Hágsater & Cisneros 2019). The Peruvian Epidendrum reflexilobum Schweinfurth (1943: 112 – 113) differs in the oblong leaves (vs. oblong-lanceolate), red flowers (vs. red-orange), ovate-elliptic dorsal sepal (vs. oblanceolate-elliptic), petals oblanceolate or cuneate-spathulate (vs. elliptic), lip with callus complex, formed by 3 – 5 straight, parallel ribs (vs. digitiform), obliquely ovate lateral lobes (vs. trapezoid), obcuneate mid-lobe (vs. flabellate), and the column with an entire clinandrium-hood (vs. erose-denticulate) (Hágsater 2020 b: pl. 1835). Epidendrum × pinheiroi Hágsater (2020 a: pl. 1787) is a common natural hybrid between E. puniceoluteum and E. fulgens Brongniart (1834: pl. 43) from the coast of SE Brazil. It can be distinguished by its red flowers with lip orange and red dots (vs. red-orange, without dots), rhombic-spathulate petals (vs. elliptic), and a mid-lobe formed by a sub-quadrate isthmus in the basal half (vs. flabellate, formed by an obtrapezoid isthmus). In this case both parents have non-resupinate flowers, with two calli and a mid-rib, as the hybrid does.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFCFFFFB29C38C34FD22FEFD.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — ECUADOR. El Oro: Cantón Pasaje, cuesta a Chilla, 1275 m, 03 May 2017, Zambrano B. 1905 (holotype, QCNE; isotype, QCNE). Epiphytic, erect, sympodial herb, 25 cm tall. Roots 1.0 – 1.5 mm in diameter, emerging from the base of the primary stem, fleshy, flexuous, white. Stems up to 15 × 0.4 – 0.6 cm, cane-like, terete, erect to slightly curved, new stem produced from a middle or sub-apical internode of the previous stem, the lower part covered by 5 – 8 tubular, imbricated, persistent, chartaceous, gray-brown non-foliar sheaths. Leaves 2.5 – 8.5 × 1.2 – 2.0 cm, 2 – 6 distributed along the apical half of the stem, slightly coriaceous, distichous, sessile, oblong-elliptic, acute; sheaths 0.5 – 1.3 × 0.4 – 0.5 cm, longitudinally striated, tubular, persistent, chartaceous. Inflorescence apical from the mature stem, arching, a simultaneously flowered raceme; peduncle 6 – 10 × 2.0 – 2.3 mm, terete, covered by a chartaceous bract 7 – 11 × 2.3 – 2.5 mm, conduplicate, persistent; rachis 30 – 40 × 2 mm, terete, sinuous; floral bracts 3.0 – 7.5 mm long, acute, persistent, scarious. Flowers small, resupinate, the sepals and petals green or green-brown, sometimes suffused with purple dorsally, lip green to green-brown, the calli light green, column light green or green suffused with brown at the apex, anther green or cream. Sepals partly spreading, fleshy, slightly translucent, concave, margin entire, 3 - veined, with the lateral veins branched, slightly reticulated; dorsal sepal 10.0 – 10.5 × 3.8 – 4.5 mm, oblanceolate-elliptic, acute; lateral sepals 11.5 – 12.0 × 5.2 – 5.8 mm, obliquely oblanceolate-elliptic, acute, apiculate, carinate dorsally. Petals 10.0 – 10.5 × 1.4 – 1.6 mm, partly spreading, fleshy, parallel to the dorsal sepal, linear-oblanceolate, sub-acute, slightly arched to parallel with the margin of the dorsal sepal, margin entire, 1 - veined, with branches on both sides. Lip 10.0 – 10.8 × 16.0 – 16.7 mm, fleshy, 3 - lobed, fused to the column, deeply cordate at the base; bicallose, the calli small, divergent, elliptic-ovate, rounded, disc with a prominent, thickened mid-rib reaching the apical sinus; lateral lobes 8.0 – 8.5 × 6.2 – 6.6 mm, obliquely and widely sub-orbicular, rounded, margin entire; mid-lobe 2.3 – 2.9 × 5.5 – 6.0 mm, smaller than the lateral lobes, bilobate, emarginate, forming a wide sinus. Column 7.0 – 7.7 × 3.5 – 4.0 mm, short, terete, progressively widening apically, apex forming a wide lobe on each side; clinandrium-hood much reduced, margin entire; stigma ventral, short, concave, covered by a viscous substance; rostellum apical, laminar, slit; nectary penetrating one-third of the ovary, unornamented. Ovary 15 – 16 × 2.0 – 2.2 mm, slightly arching, terete, furrowed ventrally, thickened along the apical third. Anther 2 × 2 mm, dorsal, ovate, acute, glandular-papillose, 4 - celled; pollinarium 1.3 mm long, formed by 4 pollinia, yellow, sub-equal, widely elliptic, laterally compressed, the inside surface of each pair flat, waxy, caudicles granulose. Capsule not seen.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFCFFFFB29C38C34FD22FEFD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Epidendrum marioi is known from El Oro province (Fig. 16), in remnant forest disturbed by human activities (cuesta a Chilla). The plant grows as an epiphyte on branches of shrub of Euphorbia and Myrcianthes Berg (1856: 315) species at 1275 – 1672 m in elevation. Phenology: — In cultivation E. marioi flowered between April and June.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFCFFFFB29C38C34FD22FEFD.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet is named after Mario Aguilar Atiencie, orchid grower from Marcabelí, Ecuador, who contributed to the discovery of this species. Additional material examined: — ECUADOR. El Oro: Cantón Chilla, Loma de Valsa, 1672 m, 09 June 2018, Zambrano B. 2308 (QCNE).	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFCFFFFB29C38C34FD22FEFD.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Epidendrum marioi belongs to the Incomptum group, and is recognized by the oblong-elliptic leaves, green to green-brown flowers, linear-oblanceolate, 1 - veined petals, and lip with lateral lobes obliquely and widely sub-orbicular and scarcely emarginated mid-lobe. The most similar species are the Ecuadorian E. macuchiense, E. homoion Hágsater & Dodson (1993: pl. 145), and E. oenochromum Hágsater & Dodson (2004: pl. 768). Epidendrum macuchiense can be distinguished from E. marioi by the narrowly, lanceolate leaves (vs. oblong-elliptic), 5 - veined dorsal sepal (vs. 3 - veined), petals with one vein that is bifurcate near the middle (vs. one vein with two lateral branches), lip with transverse-elliptic lateral lobes (vs. sub-orbicular), and longer column (10 mm vs. 7.0 – 7.7 mm long). Epidendrum homoion differs in the elliptic dorsal sepal (vs. oblanceolate-elliptic), obtrullate petals (vs. linear-oblanceolate), and the larger lip (14 – 16 × 26 – 28 mm vs. 10.0 – 10.8 × 16.0 – 16.7 mm), with a deeply emarginate apex (vs. scarcely emarginate). Epidendrum oenochromum differs in the narrower leaves (0.6 – 0.8 mm vs. 1.2 – 2.0 cm wide), burgundy-red flowers (vs. green to green-brown), oblong, 3 - veined petals (vs. linear-oblanceolate, 1 - veined), and mid-lobe 1 / 3 the length of the lateral lobes (vs. ½ the length of the lateral lobes).	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFCBFFFB29C388F4FADBF7BD.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — ECUADOR. El Oro: Cantón Portovelo, parroquia Morales, sector El Nudillo, 1962 m, 20 August 2018, Zambrano B. 2364 (holotype, QCNE; isotype, QCNE-spirit). Epiphytic, erect, sympodial herb, up to 30 cm tall. Roots 2 – 3 mm in diameter, from the base of the main stem or rarely from a sub-apical stem, fleshy, flexuous, white. Stems up to 10 × 0.15 – 0.2 cm, cane-like, terete, erect, new stems produced from sub-apical internodes of the previous stem, covered by 3 – 6 tubular, imbricated, persistent, chartaceous, gray-brown non-foliar sheaths. Leaves 1.7 – 5.0 × 0.4 – 0.6 cm, 2 – 7 distributed along the apical half of the stem, subcoriaceous, distichous, narrowly lanceolate, obliquely bilobed, mucronate at the apex, channeled at the base; sheaths 0.5 – 1.5 × 0.15 – 0.2 cm, longitudinally striated, tubular, persistent, chartaceous. Inflorescence apical, racemose, shorter than the apical leaf, arching; peduncle 4 – 5 × 0.8 – 1.0 mm, terete, pustulate, enclosed at the base by a chartaceous bract 3.0 – 3.5 × 0.7 – 0.8 mm, triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, persistent; rachis 4 – 5 × 0.7 – 0.8 mm, terete, pustulate; floral bracts 3.0 – 5.0 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, embracing. Flowers 5 – 8, 2 - open at the same time, with floral buds in various stages of development, resupinate, the sepals, petals and lip light green or green-brown, column light green, the anther green-cream colored; no fragrance perceived. Sepals membranous, translucent, scarcely pustulate on the adaxial surface, margin entire, 3 - veined; dorsal sepal 7.0 – 7.5 × 2.5 – 2.7 mm, oblong-lanceolate, acute; lateral sepals 8.0 – 8.5 × 2.8 – 3.0 mm, slightly concave, obliquely lanceolate, shortly acuminate, somewhat involute towards the apex. Petals 7.5 – 8.0 × 2.3 – 2.5 mm, partly spreading, the lower margin obliquely fused to the column almost half of their length, translucent, elliptic, acute, oblique, margin entire, 3 - veined. Lip 5.0 – 5.3 × 5.8 – 6.5 mm, united only to the base of the column and slightly embracing its apex, entire, base saccate, ovate, translucent, 7 - veined, with lateral veins branched, with a pair of minute pustules on the lateral inside, where it is united to the column, apex truncate, shortly apiculate, crenate along the margin; ecallose. Column 4.0 – 4.5 × 2.0 – 2.2 mm, short, straight, with a pair of rounded wings at the apex ventrally; clinandrium-hood short, margin entire; stigma ventral, concave, smooth; rostellum apical, slit; nectary shallow, without penetrating the ovary, forming a wide cavity, unornamented. Ovary 8 – 9 × 0.8 – 0.9 mm, pustulate, slightly arching, terete, longitudinally sulcate. Anther 0.7 × 1.3 mm, dorsal, reniform, glandular-papillose; pollinarium 0.5 mm long, formed by 4 pollinia, light yellow, sub-equal, elliptic, laterally compressed, the inner side of each pair flat, caudicles granulose. Capsule 8.0 – 14.0 × 7.0 mm, elliptic, with a persistent perianth.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFCBFFFB29C388F4FADBF7BD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Epidendrum oroense is only known from one locality (El Nudillo) in El Oro province (Fig. 19). The plant grows as an epiphyte on branches of shrubs of Miconia species at around 1900 – 2000 m in elevation. Phenology: — In cultivation E. oroense flowered and fructifies between January and March.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFCBFFFB29C388F4FADBF7BD.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — In reference to the province El Oro, Ecuador, where the species was originally collected. Additional material examined: — ECUADOR. El Oro: Cantón Portovelo, parroquia Morales, sector El Nudillo, 1962 m, 20 August 2018, Zambrano B. s. n. (QCNE).	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFCBFFFB29C388F4FADBF7BD.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Epidendrum oroense belongs to the Diothonea group, and is distinguished by the light green to green-brown flowers with green pustules on the adaxial surface, oblong-lanceolate sepals with an acute to acuminate apex, and saccate lip with a pair of minute, lateral pustules, and truncate, shortly apiculate apex. The most similar species is the Ecuadorian E. aureoglobiflorum, which can be distinguished by the yellow-green flowers (vs. light green to green-brown), elliptic sepals with an obtuse apex (vs. oblong-lanceolate, with an acute to acuminate apex), and nonsaccate lip with a widely mucronate apex (vs. saccate, with an apex slightly truncate, shortly apiculate). Saccate lips are rare in Epidendrum and are usually considered a distinguishing feature of Scaphyglottis Poeppig & Endlicher (1836: 58). Another species with a saccate lip is the Colombian Epidendrum saccatum Hágsater (2001: pl. 483), which belong to the unrelated Elleanthoides group (Hágsater & Salazar 1993). It differs in its erose-dentate leaf margins (vs. entire), elliptic dorsal sepal (vs. oblong-lanceolate), 1 - veined petals (vs. 3 - veined), and broader ovate lip (vs. ovate).	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFC6FFF729C38F77FEA2F799.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — ECUADOR. El Oro: Cantón Piñas, Piedras, camino antiguo El Carmen-La Bocana, 237 m, 26 May 2014, Zambrano B. 1321 (holotype, QCNE; isotype, QCNE-spirit). Epiphytic, erect, sympodial, rhizomatous herb, up to 15 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots 1.0 – 1.5 mm in diameter, emerging from the rhizome, fleshy, flexuous, white. Rhizome 2.5 – 3.5 cm long between adjacent stems, terete, with 3 – 4 internodes, covered by imbricate, chartaceous, persistent sheaths. Stems 7.5 × 0.25 – 0.3 cm, canelike, terete at the base and laterally compressed above, erect, base covered by 2 – 3 laterally compressed, persistent, chartaceous, brown non-foliar sheaths. Leaves 3.5 – 7.0 × 0.9 – 1.2 cm, 3 – 4 distributed along the apical half of the stem, fleshy, coriaceous, distichous, articulate with the sheaths, narrowly oblong, obtuse, minutely mucronate at the apex, channeled at the base; sheaths 0.8 – 1.5 × 0.35 – 0.4 cm, longitudinally striated, persistent, chartaceous. Inflorescence up to 6.5 cm long, arising from the apex of the mature stem, erect, simple, distichous; peduncle 2.0 – 2.4 cm long, laterally compressed, covered by chartaceous bracts 18 – 20 × 3.8 – 4.0 mm, conduplicate, persistent; rachis 2.5 – 3.0 cm long, laterally compressed; floral bracts 8 – 10 × 3 – 4 mm, shorter than the ovary, longitudinal striate when dry, laterally compressed, obtuse, persistent, scarious, with a prominent dorsal keel. Flowers 3 – 4, small, opening in succession and, eventually all open at one time, non-resupinate, the lip always oriented towards the apex of the rachis; producing a sweet odor at night, the sepals, petals and the lip ochre-orange, callus green, column light green, anther cream colored suffused with green. Sepals spreading in natural position, fleshy, slightly convex longitudinally, margin entire; dorsal sepal 9.8 – 10.0 × 2.5 – 2.7 mm, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 8 - veined, with the lateral veins branched; lateral sepals 9.8 – 10.0 × 2.8 – 3.0 mm, obliquely oblong-lanceolate, acute, carinate dorsally, 9 - veined. Petals 9.4 – 10.0 × 1.2 – 1.3 mm, fleshy, extended, linear-oblanceolate, acute but narrowly rounded at the extreme apex, margin entire, 3 - veined. Lip 5.8 – 6.2 × 3.8 – 4.1 mm, entire, fleshy, slightly porrect, arched, fused to the column, obovate-pandurate, acute, margin entire, the basal margin involute, thus the lip truncate at the base, 10 - veined, with the lateral veins branched; with a transverse entire callus at the base, the sides extend apically, the middle region shorter, truncate with a small hollow on each side of the mid-rib, a narrow, low rounded mid-rib running down the entire lip to the apex, with a smaller, shorter rib on each side. Column 4.0 – 4.8 × 1.5 – 2.0 mm, short, straight, terete, apex truncate, with a small rounded wing on each lower side, with a pair of oblique long thickenings inside that close the aperture to the nectary; clinandriumhood prominent, dentate, with a protuberant mid-lobe, separated on each side by a deep cleft, covering the anther; stigma ventral, concave, covered by a viscous substance; rostellum apical, laminar; nectary penetrating four-fifths the ovary, constricted at the height of the perianth, unornamented. Ovary 15.0 – 15.8 × 2.2 – 2.3 mm, straight, terete, slightly inflated ventrally nearly throughout, unornamented. Anther 1.1 × 0.9 mm, dorsal, obovate, apex truncate somewhat concave, glandular-papillose, 4 - celled; pollinarium 1 mm long, formed by 4 pollinia, yellow, sub-equal, obovate, laterally compressed, wax-like, caudicles granulose; viscidium semi-liquid. Capsule not seen.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFC6FFF729C38F77FEA2F799.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — The two known populations of this species are found in remnant forests disturbed by human activities on introduced trees (El Carmen-Los Amarillos) in El Oro province (Fig. 22). Epidendrum viridiochraceum grows as an epiphyte on branches of species of Citrus Linnaeus (1753: 782) and Ficus Linnaeus (1753: 1059) and Theobroma cacao Linnaeus (1753: 782) at 230 – 1100 m in elevation. Phenology: — In cultivation E. viridi-ochraceum flowered between April and July.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFC6FFF729C38F77FEA2F799.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet derived from the Latin viridi- “ green ” and ochraceus “ ochre ”, in reference to the green-colored column and callus and ochre-colored tepals. Additional material examined: — ECUADOR. El Oro: Cantón Piñas, Piedras, vía El Carmen-La Bocana, 230 m, 26 May 2014, Zambrano B. s. n. (QCNE). Cantón Piñas, parroquia Capiro, sector Los Amarillos, 1100 m, 28 October 2019, Zambrano B. 2435 (QCNE).	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFC6FFF729C38F77FEA2F799.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Epidendrum viridi-ochraceum belongs to the Spathiger group, and is distinguished by the narrowly oblong, non-bilobed, mucronate leaves, ochre-orange flowers with green column, a sweet nocturnal odor, petals linearoblanceolate, 3 - veined and the lip obovate-pandurate, acute, with an entire callus and three fleshy, parallel, low ribs. The most similar species is the Mesoamerican E. cardiophorum which can be distinguished by the larger plants (35 cm vs. 15 cm tall), bilobed leaves (vs. entire), green flowers (vs. ochre-orange), ovate-elliptic dorsal sepal (vs. oblonglanceolate), 5 - veined petals (vs. 3 - veined), and an ovate-cordiform lip (vs. obovate-pandurate) (Jiménez & Hágsater 2010). Epidendrum angustisegmentum (Williams 1946: 371 – 372) Hágsater (1999: pl. 308), from Costa Rica and Panama, is also similar, but it can be distinguished by the elliptic leaves (vs. narrowly oblong), the yellow to yellowgreen flowers (vs. ochre-orange), ovate dorsal sepal (vs. oblong-lanceolate), and an ovate, bicallose lip (vs. obovatepandurate, with an entire callus). The Colombian Epidendrum beatricis Hágsater & Uribe (2019: pl. 1707), differs in the leaves apically bilobed (vs. entire), flowers without fragrance (vs. producing a sweet nocturnal odor), 5 - veined dorsal sepal (vs. 8 - veined), linearoblong petals (vs. linear-oblanceolate), and a sub-rectangular-ovoid, bicallose lip (vs. obovate-pandurate, with an entire callus). Epidendrum rigidum Jacquin (1760: 29), from the Antilles and Northern South America, differs in having green flowers (vs. ochre-orange), a narrowly obovate dorsal sepal (vs. oblong-lanceolate), narrowly oblanceolate petals (vs. linear-oblanceolate), and an ovate, bicallose lip (vs. obovate-pandurate, with transverse entire callus). Finally, Epidendrum viridium, also described herein, differs in the narrowly oblong-elliptic, emarginate leaves (vs. narrowly oblong, obtuse-mucronate), flowers green turning yellow-green when old, producing a camphorated-lemon odor (vs. ochre-orange, with a sweet odor), oblong-ovate, obtuse dorsal sepal (vs. oblong-elliptic, acute), oblong, obtuse petals (vs. linear-oblanceolate, slightly acute), and an oblong-obovate, rounded lip with short parallel ribs not running the entire length of the lip (vs. obovate-pandurate, acute, with three fleshy, low ribs, the mid-rib running down the entire lip to the apex).	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFC2FFF329C38F1DFB2BF80D.taxon	description	isotype, QCNE-spirit). Epiphytic, erect, sympodial, rhizomatous herb, up to 17 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots 1 – 2 mm in diameter, emerging from the base of the stems, fleshy, flexuous, white. Rhizome 2.0 – 3.5 cm long between adjacent stems, abbreviated, terete, with 3 – 4 internodes, covered by imbricate, chartaceous, persistent sheaths. Stems 60 × 3.5 – 4.0 mm, cane-like, terete at the base but then laterally compressed towards the apex, erect, the lower part covered by 2 – 3 laterally compressed, persistent, chartaceous, gray-green non-foliar sheaths. Leaves 6.5 – 7.5 × 1.5 – 1.7 cm, 2 – 3 distributed along the apical half of the stem, fleshy, coriaceous, distichous, articulate with the sheaths, narrowly oblong-elliptic, obtuse, emarginated, channeled at the base; sheaths 0.8 – 1.4 × 0.4 – 0.5 cm, longitudinal striated, persistent, chartaceous. Inflorescence up to 11.0 cm long, arising from the apex of the mature stem, erect, simple, distichous; peduncle 30 – 32 mm long, laterally compressed, covered by chartaceous bracts 15 – 16 × 5 – 6 mm, conduplicate, persistent; rachis 6.0 – 8.0 cm long, laterally compressed; floral bracts 8 – 11 × 5 – 7 mm, as long as the ovary, longitudinally striated when dry, laterally compressed, obtuse, persistent, scarious, with a prominent dorsal keel. Flowers 3 – 7, successive, 1 – 3 - open at the same time, small, non-resupinate, with the lip always oriented towards the apex of the rachis, producing a camphorated-lemon odor at night, the sepals, petals and lip light green turning yellow-green when old, callus green, column light green, anther cream suffused with green. Sepals fleshy, margins entire, slightly revolute; dorsal sepal 8.2 – 8.5 × 3.0 – 3.7 mm, partly spreading, oblong-ovate, obtuse, 9 - veined; lateral sepals 8.5 – 9.5 × 3.8 – 4.2 mm, slightly reflexed, obliquely oblong-ovate, obtuse, carinate dorsally, 10 - veined. Petals 8.0 – 8.3 × 1.5 – 1.7 mm, fleshy, somewhat reflexed, narrowly oblong, obtuse, margin entire, 3 - veined. Lip 6.0 – 6.6 × 5.0 – 5.5 mm, entire, fleshy, slightly porrect, arched, fused to the column, oblong-obovate, rounded, marginally entire, slightly cordate at the base, 10 - veined, with the lateral veins branched; with a transverse entire callus at the base, the sides slightly thickened, the middle truncate with a small hollow to each side, with a narrow, low rounded mid-rib not running the entire length to the lip, with a smaller, shorter rib on each side. Column 3.8 – 4.4 × 2.4 – 2.6 mm, short, straight, terete, apex truncate, with a rounded wing on each side next to the lip; clinandrium-hood prominent, forming a mid-lobe, separate from the sides, margin erose, covering the anther; stigma ventral, concave, covered by a viscous substance; rostellum apical, laminar; nectary penetrating about half of the ovary, constricted at the height of the perianth, unornamented. Ovary 12.0 – 12.5 × 3.2 – 3.5 mm, arching, terete, prominently inflated ventrally, unornamented. Anther 1.0 × 0.9 mm, dorsal, ovate-triangular, 4 - celled, glandular-papillose; pollinarium 1 mm long, formed by 4 pollinia, yellow, sub-equal, obovate, laterally compressed, wax-like, caudicles granulose; viscidium semi-liquid. Capsule not seen.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFC2FFF329C38F1DFB2BF80D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Epidendrum viridium is only known from El Oro province in southwestern Ecuador (Fig. 25). The plant grows as an epiphyte on branches of Ficus species at 650 – 1100 m in elevation. Phenology: — In cultivation E. viridium flowered between December and March.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFC2FFF329C38F1DFB2BF80D.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet is derived from the Latin viridi- “ green ”, in reference to the color of the plant and flowers. Additional material examined: — ECUADOR. El Oro: Cantón Piñas, Capiro sector Conchicola, 650 m, 21 September 2015, Zambrano B. s. n. (QCNE). Entre Piñas y Zaruma, 1100 m, Tobar s. n., (AMO-digital voucher).	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
7A6E8782FFC2FFF329C38F1DFB2BF80D.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Epidendrum viridium belongs to the Spathiger group, and can be recognized by the 2 – 3 leaves per stem, narrowly oblong-elliptic leaves, narrowly oblong, 3 - veined petals and oblong-obovate, rounded lip, with an entire callus with short parallel ribs. The most similar species is E. rigidum, which differs in the shorter plants (12 cm vs. 17 cm tall), with 5 – 7 leaves per stem (vs. 2 – 3 leaves per stem), a shorter inflorescence (5 – 6 cm vs. 11.0 cm long), an elliptic dorsal sepal (vs. oblong-ovate), shorter petals (5.0 mm vs. 8.0 – 8.3 mm long), and an ovate, bicallose lip (vs. oblong-obovate, with an entire callus). Another similar species is E. cardiophorum, which can be distinguished by its larger plants (35 cm vs. up to 17 cm tall), narrowly elliptic leaves (vs. narrowly oblong-elliptic), an ovate-elliptic dorsal sepal (vs. oblong-ovate), 5 - veined petals (vs. 3 - veined), and an ovate-cordiform lip (vs. oblong-obovate). The Colombian E. beatricis differs in the ochre colored flowers turning orange with age (vs. green, turned yellowgreen when old), that are odor-less (vs. producing a camphorated-lemon odor at night), 5 - veined dorsal sepal (vs. 9 - veined), narrower petals (1.2 mm vs. 1.5 – 1.7 mm wide), and a sub-rectangular-ovoid, bicallose lip (vs. oblongobovate, with an entire callus). Epidendrum angustisegmentum can be distinguished by its elliptic leaves (vs. narrowly oblong-elliptic), ovate dorsal sepal (vs. oblong-ovate), linear-oblanceolate petals (vs. narrowly oblong), and an ovate, bicallose lip with a central mid-rib (vs. oblong-obovate, with an entire callus and three fleshy, short, low ribs). Finally, E. viridi-ochraceum, described herein, differs in the obtuse-mucronate leaves (vs. emarginate), ochre-orange flowers (vs. green, turning yellow-green when old), oblong-elliptic dorsal sepal (vs. oblong-ovate), linear-oblanceolate petals (vs. narrowly oblong), and an obovate-pandurate, acute lip with three fleshy, parallel, low ribs, the mid-rib running down the entire lip to the apex (vs. oblong-obovate, rounded, with short ribs, the mid-rib not running the entire length of the lip). A photograph of this species, based on Tobar s. n. (AMO-digital voucher), was erroneously labeled E. beatricis in Hágsater & Santiago (2019). Table 1 shows a comparative summary of the morphological features that distinguish E. viridi-ochraceum and E. viridium from morphologically similar species in the Spathiger group.	en	Romero, Bosco Javier Zambrano, Hágsater, Eric, Solano, Rodolfo (2021): Miscellaneous of new species in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from southwestern Ecuador. Phytotaxa 511 (2): 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.2.2
