taxonID	type	description	language	source
7A6987BC112EFF93FF49FEC3FBA7FE28.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species of this genus are immediately separable from all other Figitidae by the distinctive scutellar depression bounded by a pair of sharp, postero-dorsal triangular projections (Figs 1 – 4). The elongate petiole is somewhat variable within Aspicerinae, though the state in Anacharoides is longer than in most other genera. The only two taxa Anacharoides can be confused with are Callaspidia and Pujadella; both of these latter genera have mesoscutal sculpturing that is remininscent of Anacharoides; however, close examination of the scutellar morphology easily separates these taxa.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC112EFF93FF49FEC3FBA7FE28.taxon	description	Redescription. Color. Body ruddy brown to black (Figs 1 – 4), older specimens tending toward orange; antennae yellowish – orange basally, dark brown or black apically; legs yellowish – orange to dark brown; wings clear. Head. Entire anterior surface coriaceous to rugulose, densely setose; ocellar ridge well developed, simple to rugulose, connecting lateral ocelli dorsal of central ocellus; area posterior of ocellar ridge microcoriaceous to shagreened; orbital furrows complete from inner margin of lateral ocellus to ventral margin of eye; torulus raised to form distinct collar, strigate, ventrally lobed along lateral edge of midpit of frons; midpit of frons densely setose (solid white in most specimens); area between anterior tentorial pits slightly raised, clypeus indistinct from lower frons, malar sulcus indistinct. Genal region setose, entirely porcate, lines connecting posterior margin of eye with genal carina; genal carina well developed, extended to anterior surface of pronotum; posterior surface of head concave on outer edges, flat centrally, distinctly strigose with strigae encircling occipital foramen. Antenna in female with 11 flagellomeres, 12 flagellomeres in males; female F 1 nearly cylindrical, expanded slightly apically; male F 1 variously modified, ranging from nearly cylindrical, slightly bent outwardly mid-length to strongly assymetical, apically expanded, distinctly bent outwardly mid-length. Mesosoma. Pronotal plate as wide as mesosoma when viewed antero-dorsally, outer flanges flared, meeting posterior margin of head mesal of genal carina; anterior and posterior margins of plate divided by large fovea set with ‘ foamy’ setae; posterior margin of plate distinctly concave along anterior margin of mesoscutum; lateral aspect of pronotum setose, porcate antero-dorsally and antero-ventrally, gently carinate anteromedially, posterior region of sclerite coriaceous to shagreened (Fig. 2 B). Tegula and upper anterior part of mesopleural triangle smooth, glabrous; posterior margin of up- per part of mesopleural triangle spatulate, covering base of hind wing; mesopleural triangle deeply inset into mesopleuron, densely setose; ventral 2 / 3 of mesopleuron glabrous, smooth; mesopleural carina reduced to short, straight ridge on anterior 1 / 3 of sclerite; setal patch present on postero-ventral corner of mesopleuron; latero-ventral mesopleural carina distinct. Metapectal-propodeal complex densely setose; metapectus bounded on all sides by distinct pleural ridge; upper metapleural sclerite and episternum bisected medially by distinct pleural carina; spiracular groove present, densely Figure Ι Mesoscutum of Anacharoides species A A. pallida B A. nicknacki sp. n. C A. paragi D A. quadrus E A. striaticeps F A. stygius. Abbreviations: AAS, antero-admedial signum; NOT, notaulus; MSK, mesoscutal keel; PMF, postero-mesoscutal fovea; PS, parapsidal signum; SA, scutellar acetabulum; SF, scutellar fovea; SS, antero-admedial signum strut. All scale bars equal 0.5 mm. Figure 2 Head and mesosoma A Anacharoides nicknacki sp. n. B Anacharoides pallida. Figure 3 Head and mesosoma A Anacharoides paragi B Anacharoides quadrus. Figure 4 Head and mesosoma: A Anacharoides striaticeps B Anacharoides stygius. setose, bounded posteriorly by pleural carina. Propodeum compact, not extended posteriorly; propodeal carinae parallel, auxillary propodeal carina present, meeting propodeal carina at metanotum, continuing to posterior margin of episternum, terminating in dense setal patch; area between propodeal carinae smooth with dense patch of setae located in center; nucha circular, thin. Lateral aspects of metanotum densely setose, medial posterior face of metanotum modified completely smooth, glabrous, shieldlike. Mesoscutum variously sculptured, ranging from completely shagreened (Fig. 1 A) to strigate (Fig. 1 F); antero-admedial signum present (AAS, Fig. 1 A); antero-admedial signum struts present (Fig. 1 D) to absent (Fig. 1 A); mesoscutal keel always present posteriorly (MSK, Fig. 1 A), present to absent anteriorly; inter antero-admedial signum ridges present to absent; notauli present (NOT, Fig. 1 A), width constant to distinctly widened posteriorly, frequently interrupted by ridges, smooth to crenulate; parapisidal signum (PS, Fig. 1 A) present, reduced in some species; posterior mesoscutal fovea present (PMF, Fig. 1 A), ranging from short to medium-long, extending to posterior terminus of mesoscutal keel; posterior aspect of mesoscutellar fovea glabrous, ranging from smooth to strigate, anteriorly becoming coriaceous, setose. Scutellum with two distinct, large scutellar foveae, separated by median carina of scutellum, bounded laterally by distinct ridge; scutellar acetabulum present (SA, Fig. 1 A), large, bounded on all sides by distinct ridge; postero-lateral corners of scutellar acetabulum with raised posteriorly directed triangular projections; lateral and posterior aspects of scutellum areolate-rugose; dorsal axillular area shagreened, axillula deeply impressed, setose, with distinct circular impression present anteriorly. Wings. Clear, nearly glabrous except for few scattered, short, setae; apical fringe absent; R 1 incomplete, not reaching anterior margin of wing; RS 2 complete, reaching anterior margin of wing, turning slightly at terminus with wing margin towards apex of wing; wing veins very light yellow, clear in some specimens. Legs. All coxae with distinct patch of setae on anterior and posterior faces; pro- and mesocoxae subequal in size; metacoxa 3 – 4 times as large (width and length); metacoxa with posterior impression to receive femora when folded; metatibia with posterior, mesal, distal ridges, lined with stout setae. Metasoma. Petiole elongate, ranging from 3 – 6 × longer than wide, glabrous, smooth to slightly carinate dorsally, distinctly strigate laterally, flanged anteriorly at junction with nucha, posteriorly obscured by tergum 1; tergum 1 reduced, ligulate, central anterior area with distinctly round setal patch; tergum 2 largest, 8 × larger than tergum 1, terga 3 – 9 telescoped within tergum 2; micropores present on posterior 2 / 3 of tergum 2 and terga 3 – 9.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC112EFF93FF49FEC3FBA7FE28.taxon	distribution	Distribution. (Fig. 6) Sub-Saharan Africa: Senegal, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Eritrea, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Zimbabwe and South Africa. Arabian Peninsula: Yemen. Palearctic region: Canary Islands.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC112EFF93FF49FEC3FBA7FE28.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Species of Anacharoides, along with other Aspicerinae, have been associated with syrphid hosts (Buffington et al. 2007; Quinlan 1979). The two species recorded herein were reared from the syrphids Ischiodon Sack and Paragus Latreille (based on isolated host puparia identified by F. C. Thompson of the Smithsonian Institution). Image collection: 467386.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC112EFF93FF49FEC3FBA7FE28.taxon	discussion	Comments. Several autapomorphies distinguish Anacharoides from any other figitid genus. The width of the pronotal plate and the interaction of this structure with the posterior margin of the head is similar to the state found in zaeucoiline eucoilines (Buffington 2009), and appear to have evolved in parallel. The function of this morphological feature is currently unknown. The sculpture of the mesoscutum, as well as the unusual scutellar fovea, make members of this genus readily recognizable. Finally, the species within the genus are united by an unusually long petiole, a state remarkably similar to that found in Anacharis and Xyalophora (Anacharitinae), and likely the root behind the name Anacharoides.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113CFF89FF49FF33FD33FD94.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This is the only species of Anacharoides with a shagreened mesoscutum, entirely lacking rugae and / or strigae (Fig. 1 A); all other species have much more substantial sculptural elements on the mesoscutum.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113CFF89FF49FF33FD33FD94.taxon	description	Redescription. Length = 3.10 – 3.80 mm, n = 82; holotype length = 3.10 mm. F 1 of female gradually expanded distally. F 1 of male distinctly funicate, markedly kinked at midpoint, distinctly excavated. Length of F 1 of female antenna 1.4 – 1.5 × F 2. Ocellar groove present, simple ridge posterior to central ocellus. Lateral aspect of pronotum carinate antero-dorsally, smooth ventrally. Microsculpture of mesoscutum coriaceous over entire surface. Antero-admedial signum of mesoscutum present, antero-admedial signum struts absent. Inter antero-admedial signum ridges absent. Surface of mesoscutum shagreened over entire surface. Shape of posterior mesoscutellar fovea triangular to sub-triangular. Mesoscutal keel present, reduced anteriorly. Mesoscutellar fovea smooth with 1 – 3 carinae present anteriorly, smooth posteriorly. Mesoscutellum in lateral view evenly rounded. Length of posterior mesoscutellar fovea medium-long, reaching 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 length of mesoscutum. Lateral aspect of mesoscutum distal of notauli shagreened with faint carinae anteriorly. Sculpture of notauli smooth with transverse ridges posteriorly. Anterior margin of scutellar fovea rounded. Shape of notauli parallel sided across entire length of mesoscutum.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113CFF89FF49FF33FD33FD94.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 7). Sub-Saharan Africa: Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Madagascar, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Palearctic region: Spain (Canary Islands).	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113CFF89FF49FF33FD33FD94.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE [first label, circular with red ring]; E. Cape Prov., Katberg, 11 – 18. II. 1933 [second label]; S. Africa, R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus. 1933 – 148 [third label]; Holotype, female, Anacharoides pallidus Quinlan, det. J. Quinlan, 1977 [fourth label]; nr. eurytergis sp. B [fifth label]; B. M. Type Hym 7 – 231 [sixth label]. The holotype is a point mounted female in good condition, deposited in BMNH. Note that on the holotype, the species epithet reads ‘ pallidus ’; the name was changed, presumably at the publication stage, to ‘ pallida ’ for gender agreement purposes. Additional material. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Massif Ruwenzori riv. Kakalari, affl. Bombi, 1,725 m, 9. VIII. 1954, P. Vanschuytbroeck & H. Synave 9952 – 55 (1 female, MRAC; this specimen is a paratype of Anacharoides decellius). KENYA: Rift Valley Province, Mt. Longonot, 5. X. 1997, R. Wharton (1 female, TAMU); Nanyuki [00 ° 01 ’ 00 ” N 037 ° 04 ’ 00 ” E] A. Seyrig, VI. 1932 (2 males, MNHN). MADAGASCAR: Province Diego-Suarez, Parc National Montagne d’Ambre el 1125 m, 12 – 14. V. 2001, 12 ° 31 ’ 13 ” S, 49 ° 10 ’ 45 ” E. R. Harin’Hala collector, malaise trap MA- 01 - 01 D- 10 (1 female, UCRC 56774). SOMALIA: Dabolak, 12. XII. 1920, F. 4980. b. [?], USNM ENT 00653529 (1 male, USNM). SOUTH AFRICA: KZN, Roadside, W Mooi River 29.12 S 29.58 E, c. 1500 m, 24. VII. 1998, Neser, Grobbelaar & Balciunas, DEL 4.25, collected by hand from Delairea odorata (Asteraceae) (1 male, SANCI); Cape Town, G Peringuey, IX. 1913, SAM-HYM P 002874 (1 female, SAM; NOTE: this specimen is a potential neotype for Coelonychia rufa Kieffer); Cape Province, Constantiaberg, Donkerboskloof, 34 ° 02.28 ’ S 18 ° 23.75 ’ E, 370 m, 10. III. 1995, S van Noort, sweep, Kloof forest, SAM-HYM 24717 (19 females, SAMC); Western Cape, Cape Town, above Tokai Forest, Constantiaberg, first kloof south of Donkerboskloof, 320 m, 34 ° 02.18 ’ S 18 ° 23.5 ’ E, 10. III. 1995, S van Noort, Kloof forest, sweep, SAM- HYM P 020867 (2 females, SAMC); Western Cape, Cape Town, above Tokai Forest, Constantiaberg, first kloof south of Donkerboskloof, 460 m, 34 ° 02 ’ S 18 ° 23.5 ’ E, 6. XII. 1994, S van Noort, mesic mountain fynbos, sweep, SAM-HYM P 005482 (1 male, SAMC); Western Cape, Cape of Good Hope, Nat. Res. Olifantsbos, nr. Skaife Centre, 34 ° 16 ’ S 18 ° 23 ’ E, 18 – 19. IX. 1993, S van Noort, Strandsveld on coast at sea level, SAM-HYM P 005230 (1 male, SAMC); Pondoland, Port St. John, 15 – 31. V. 1923, R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus. 1923 – 332 (1 male, BMNH; identified by J. Quinlan as A. eurytergis); Cape Province, Knysna, I. 1979, C. D. Eardley, malaise trap (1 male, SAN- CI); Transvaal, Barberton, XI. 1979, C. Eardley (1 male, SANCI); Transvaal, Praetoria, X. 1978, C. D. Eardley, Malaise trap (1 male, SANCI); Cape Province, Oudebosch, R. Sonder End, 1500 ft., K. H. Barnard, XI-XII. 1928, SAM-HYM P 002877 (1 male, SAMC); Western Cape, Swellendam, Tradouw Pass, Mus. Exped. XI. 1925, SAM- HYM P 002877 (1 male, SAMC); Eastern Cape, Hogsback, nr. campsite, 32.36 S 26.56 E, 13. IV. 1989, forest sweep, S. van Noort, SAM-HYM P 002879 (1 female, SAMC); Stellenbosch, 17. IX. 1925, R. I. Nel (1 female, BMNH); Mossel Bay, Cape Province, VIII. 1921, R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus. 1921 - 353 (1 male, BMNH; identified by J. Quinlan as A. sanitas); Mossel Bay, R Larner, 27 - 10 - 41 [27. X. 1941], SAM-HYM P 005231 (1 female, SAMC); Cape Province, Mossel Bay, X. 1921, R. E. Turner, Brit Mus. 1921 - 450, USNM ENT 00653609 (1 female, USNM); Cape Province, Ceres, 1500 ft., 1 – 3. I. 1921, Brit. Mus. 1921 - 39, USNM ENT 00653623 (1 male, USNM); Natal, Merrivale Nr. Howick, 2. VI. 1980, P. Joubert (1 female, BMNH; identified by J. Quinlan as A. decellius); Natal, Cathedral Peak area, Drakensberg III. 1991, I. Pajor, ex syrphid pupa in psyllid gall on Protea dracontana (1 male, SANCI, no host remains); Transvaal, Bergvliet Forest Res. Sabie 25.058 S 34.54 E, 26 – 28. II. 1986, JS Donaldson (1 female, SANCI). TANZANIA: Tanganyika Territory, Ngorongoro, Rest Camp, 2400 – 2500 m, 6 – 19. VI. 1957, Mission Zoolog. I. R. S. A. C. en Afrique orientale, P. Basilewsky and N Lelup (1 male, MRAC; this specimen is a paratype of Anacharoides astrida). ZIMBABWE: Salisbury, Chishawasha IX. 1979, A Watsham (37 females, BMNH). PALEARCTIC REGION. SPAIN: Canary Islands: Tenerife, Monte Aquirre, 1000 m. env., VI Congress INT. d’Entomologie 1935 (2 females, NMHN); Tenerife, Orotava (Jardins de la ville), [28 ° 46 ’ 00 » N 017 ° 45 ’ 00 » W] VI Congress INT. d’Entomologie 1935 (1 female, NMHN).	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113CFF89FF49FF33FD33FD94.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Circumstantial evidence (host data lacking) suggests this species is a parasitoid of syrphids: one male deposited in SANCI (above) has label data stating “ ex syrphid pupa in psyillid gall ... ” Image collection: 465352	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113CFF89FF49FF33FD33FD94.taxon	discussion	Comments. The SAMC has one specimen deposited in the collection that may bear Kieffer’s original determination of Coelonychia rufa Kieffer; this specimen is conspecific with A. pallida. If it could be substantiated that Kieffer did indeed identify this specimen, it could be designated a neotype for Coelonychia rufa Kieffer (holotype of this species was reported lost by Quinlan (1979 )) and A. pallida a potential junior synonym of A. rufa (Kieffer). At this time, no such nomenclatural act is committed. Quinlan (1979: figs 74 – 77) figured A. eurytergis Benoit, A. nigra Quinlan, A. decellius Quinlan and A. pallida as all lacking mesoscutal sculpturing; holotypes of the three former species were all examined and determined to belong to A. striaticeps (synonymy below). Further, none of these three former species have a shagreened mesoscutum as does A. pallida; this observation further underscores how easily these characters can be misinterpreted if lighting is not carefully controlled.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113EFF8EFF49FD23FC7FF9B2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Most similar to A. quadrus, but distinguished by the number of anteroadmedial signum struts (3 or more in A. quadrus, 2 in A. paragi), by the relative length F 1 of the female antenna (nearly 2 × length of F 2 in A. paragi; 1.5 × length of F 2 in A. quadrus), and by the shape and sculpturing of the mesoscutellar fovea (anteriorly rounded and mostly smooth in A. paragi, anteriorly triangular and with more horizontal striae in A. quadrus). Distinguished from all other Anacharoides by the sculpture of the mesoscutum (shagreened in A. pallida, strigate in A. stygius, rugose in A. nicknacki and A. striaticeps).	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113EFF8EFF49FD23FC7FF9B2.taxon	description	Redescription. Length = 2.50 – 3.40 mm, n = 11; holotype length = 2.50 mm. F 1 of female gradually expanded distally; male unknown. Length of F 1 of female antenna 1.8 – 1.9 × F 2. Ocellar groove present, simple ridge posterior to central ocellus. Lateral aspect of pronotum porcate antero-dorsally, antero-ventrally; gently carinate antero-medially; remainder of sclerite shagreened. Microsculpture of mesoscutum coriaceous over entire surface. Antero-admedial signum of mesoscutum present with 2 – 3 antero-admedial signum struts. Inter antero-admedial signum ridges absent. Surface of mesoscutum rugulose-strigate anteriorly, with distinct carinae, posteriorly shagreened. Shape of posterior mesoscutellar fovea triangular to sub-triangular. Mesoscutal keel present along entire length of mesoscutum, punctate. Mesoscutellar fovea entirely smooth, lacking carinae to 1 – 2 carinae present anteriorly, smooth posteriorly. Mesoscutellum in lateral view with a slight hump. Length of posterior mesoscutellar fovea short, comprising less than 1 / 5 length of mesoscutum. Lateral aspect of mesoscutum distal of notauli shagreened with strong carinae present on anterior half. Sculpture of notauli crenulate with transverse ridges posteriorly. Anterior margin of scutellar fovea rounded; nearly straight. Shape of notauli distinctly wider at posterior margin than anterior margin.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113EFF8EFF49FD23FC7FF9B2.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 7). Sub-Saharan Africa. Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and South Africa; from Quinlan (1979): Ghana and Uganda.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113EFF8EFF49FD23FC7FF9B2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE. Holotypus [first label, pink]; Cyn 1 – 29 [second label]; Musée de Congo, Gandajika, 22. III. 1947, P. Henrard, R. Mayné [Democratic Republic of Congo, third label]; Anacharoides paragi sp. n. holotype female, 1955, det. P. L. G. Benoit [fourth label, handwritten]. The specimen is in mediocre condition with the head and mesosoma mounted on a minuten and the metasoma mounted below on a card deposited in MRAC. Additional material. CAMEROON: Nkoemvon, Mal. tr. I – II. 1980, Ms. D Jackson (1 female, BMNH); Nkoemvon, 13. VII – 24. VIII. 1980, Ms. D Jackson (1 female, BMNH); Nkoemvon, I. 1980, D Jackson (1 female, BMNH); Nkoemvon, 23. IX – 25. X. 1980, D Jackson (1 female, BMNH). CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Prefecture Sangha-Mbéré, Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, Mabéa Bai, 21.4 km 53 ° NE Bayanga, 3 ° 02.01 ’ N, 16 ° 24.57 ’ E, 510 m, 6 – 7. V. 2001, S van Noort, Malaise trap, CAR 01 - M 60, lowland rainforest, marsh clearing, SAM-HYM P 0024997 (1 female, SAMC). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Massif Ruwenzori riv. Kakalari, affl. Bombi, 1.725 m, 12. VI. 1954, P. Vanschuytbroeck and H. Synave 8905 - 08 (1 female, MRAC); Shaba Reg Mufuempa, 4. III. 1987, attacking larvae of syrphids, R. Hennessey, Sp. H 17 CIE A 19122 (1 female, BMNH). KENYA: Western Province, Kakamega Forest, 17 – 31. VII. 2006, Malaise trap, 0 ° 13.66 ’ N, 34 ° 53.12 ’ E, 1630 m, in forest, across small stream, behind Rondo Guest House, R. Copeland (1 female, USNM). NIGERIA: Ile-Ife, W State, X. 1973, J. T. Medler, coll. (2 females, BMNH; identified by J. Quinlan as A. stysius); Ile-Ife, W State, 4. XII. 1968, J. T. Medler, coll. (1 female, BMNH). SIERRA LEONE: Njala, ex syrphid puparium, 2 – 15. I. 1932, E. Hargreaves (1 female, with host remains, BMNH). SOUTH AFRICA: Pondoland, Port St. John, 1 – 14. V. 1923, R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus. 1923 - 307 (1 female, BMNH; identified by J. Quinlan as A. eurytergis).	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113EFF8EFF49FD23FC7FF9B2.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. A specimen deposited in the BMNH from Sierra Leone (above) has an isolated host puparium mounted alongside the adult wasp. This puparium was identified by F. C. Thompson (Smithsonian Institution) as Paragus sp. (Syrphidae). Another specimen listed above from the BMNH is labeled as “ attacking syrphids ”; this specimen lacks host remains. Image collection: 465353.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113EFF8EFF49FD23FC7FF9B2.taxon	discussion	Comments. Based on the morphology of the mesoscutum, this species is most likely closely related to A. quadrus. The number of antero-admedial signum struts is readily visible in all specimens, though the most anterior strut in some specimens of A. paragi is very small and nearly continuous with the admedial signum.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC1138FF8CFF49FF33FBB0FCE4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Most similar to A. paragi, but distinguished by the number of anteroadmedial signum struts (2 in A. paragi, 3 or more in A. quadrus), by the relative length of F 1 of the female antenna (1.5 × length of F 2 in A. quadrus; nearly 2 × length of F 2 in A. paragi), and by the shape and sculpturing of the mesoscutellar fovea (anteriorly triangular and with more horizontal striae in A. quadrus, anteriorly rounded and mostly smooth in A. paragi). Distinguished from all other Anacharoides by the sculpture of the mesoscutum (shagreened in A. pallida, strigate in A. stygius, rugose in A. nicknacki and A. striaticeps).	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC1138FF8CFF49FF33FBB0FCE4.taxon	description	Redescription. Length = 2.90 – 3.30 mm, n = 14; holotype length = 3.0 mm. F 1 of female gradually expanded distally. F 1 of male nearly cylindrical, slightly kinked at midpoint, not excavated laterally. Length of F 1 of female antenna 1.4 – 1.5 × F 2. Ocellar groove present, simple ridge posterior to central ocellus. Lateral aspect of pronotum porcate antero-dorsally, antero-ventrally; remainder of sclerite shagreened. Microsculpture of mesoscutum coriaceous over entire surface. Antero-admedial signum of mesoscutum present with 2 – 3 antero-admedial signum struts. Inter antero-admedial signum ridges absent. Surface of mesoscutum rugulose-strigate anteriorly, with distinct carinae, posteriorly shagreened. Shape of posterior mesoscutellar fovea rounded. Mesoscutal keel present along entire length of mesoscutum, punctate. Mesoscutellar fovea smooth with 1 – 2 carinae present anteriorly, smooth posteriorly. Mesoscutellum in lateral view with a slight hump. Length of posterior mesoscutellar fovea short, comprising less than 1 / 5 length of mesoscutum. Lateral aspect of mesoscutum distal of notauli shagreened with faint carinae anteriorly. Sculpture of notauli crenulate with transverse ridges posteriorly. Anterior margin of scutellar fovea rounded. Shape of notauli distinctly wider at posterior margin than anterior margin.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC1138FF8CFF49FF33FBB0FCE4.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 7). Sub-Saharan Africa: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zimbabwe.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC1138FF8CFF49FF33FBB0FCE4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Anacharoides quadrus: Holotype [first label, circular with red ring]; RHODESIA [= Zimbabwe], Salisbury, A. Watsham [second label]; Holotype male, Anacharoides quadrus Quinlan, det. J. Quinlan, 1977 [third label, hand written]; BM TYPE HYM 7 - 232 [fourth label]. The holotype is a male, card mounted on the venter, in good condition; deposited in BMNH. HOLOTYPE: Anacharoides astrida: HOLOTYPUS [first label]; COLL. MUS. CONGO, RUANDA [= Rwanda]: env. Astrida, 1954 / 1955, ‘ 82 ’, G. Foucart [second label]; Holotype [third label, circular with red ring]; Holotype Anacharoides astrida Quinlan, det. J. Quinlan 1978 [fourth label] deposited in MRAC. Additional material. CAMEROON: Nkoemvon, Mal. tr. I – II. 1980, Ms. D. Jackson (1 female, BMNH); Nkoemvon, Mal. tr. IX. 1979, Ms. D. Jackson (1 female, BMNH); Nkoemvon, Mal. tr. 12 – 29. VIII. 1979, Ms. D. Jackson (1 female, BMNH). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Mont Hoyo, 1280 m, 7 – 15. VII. 1955, sur plantes basses, P. Vanschuytbroeck 13274 - 309 (1 male, BMNH); Shaba Reg, Mufuempa, 4. III. 1987, attacking larvae of syrphids, R. Hennessey, sp. H 17, CIE A 19122 (1 female, BMNH; identified by J. Quinlan as A. eurytergis). NIGERIA: Ibadan, 1925, O. Ts. Lean, from Paragus cocoon on cotton, USNM ENT 00653525 (1 male, USNM). UGANDA: Mulange, XI. 1923, R. Dummer, SAM-HYM P 002875 (1 male, SAMC). ZIMBABWE: [Rhodesia] Salisbury, A. Watsham (1 male, BMNH); Chishawasha, nr. Salisbury, II. 1978, A Watsham (1 female, BMNH).	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC1138FF8CFF49FF33FBB0FCE4.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. One specimen listed above from the BMNH is labeled as “ attacking larvae of syrphids ”; this specimen lacks host remains. The label of a second specimen from Nigeria deposited in the USNM (above) records the host as “ Paragus cocoon on cotton ”, but lacks host remains. Image collections: 465422 (A. astrida); 465349 (A. quadrus).	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC1138FF8CFF49FF33FBB0FCE4.taxon	discussion	Comments. As suggested above, based on the morphology of the mesoscutum, this species is most likely closely related to A. paragi. The number of antero-admedial signum struts is readily visible in all specimens, though the most anterior strut in some specimens of A. paragi is very small and nearly continuous with the admedial signum.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113BFF80FF49FAA5FBD8FE67.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species closely resembles A. nicknacki, but can be differentiated from that species by the lack of well-developed antero-admedial signum struts (distinctly larger than surrounding rugae in A. nicknacki); distinct from A. pallida by the presence of rugae over the entire mesoscutum (shagreened in A. pallida); distinct from A. quadrus and A. paragi by the lack of additional antero-admedial signum struts (at least 2 in both A. paragi and A. quadrus); distinct from A. stygius by the lack of horizontal strigae on the mesoscutum.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113BFF80FF49FAA5FBD8FE67.taxon	description	Redescription. Length = 2.75 – 3.50 mm, n = 60; holotype length = 2.75 mm. F 1 of female gradually expanded distally. F 1 of male distinctly funicate, markedly kinked at midpoint, distinctly excavated. Length of F 1 of female antenna 1.4 – 1.5 × F 2. Ocellar groove present, crenulate ridge posterior to central ocellus. Lateral aspect of pronotum porcate antero-dorsally, antero-ventrally; gently carinate antero-medially; remainder of sclerite shagreened. Microsculpture of mesoscutum coriaceous over entire surface. Antero-admedial signum of mesoscutum present with 2 – 3 antero-admedial signum struts. Inter antero-admedial signum ridges present. Surface of mesoscutum rugulosestrigate over entire surface, radiating from mesoscutal keel, no distinct strigae. Shape of posterior mesoscutellar fovea triangular to sub-triangular. Mesoscutal keel present along entire length of mesoscutum, rugulose. Mesoscutellar fovea smooth with 7 – 8 carinae present. Mesoscutellum in lateral view evenly rounded. Length of posterior mesoscutellar fovea medium-long, reaching 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 length of mesoscutum. Lateral aspect of mesoscutum distal of notauli coriaceous-rugose with weak carinae anteriorly. Sculpture of notauli smooth with transverse ridges along entire length. Anterior margin of scutellar fovea rounded; nearly straight. Shape of notauli distinctly wider at posterior margin than anterior margin.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113BFF80FF49FAA5FBD8FE67.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig 7). Sub-Saharan Africa: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Arabian Peninsula: Yemen. From Quinlan (1979): Ethiopia	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113BFF80FF49FAA5FBD8FE67.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Anacharoides striaticeps: Pearston, S. Af [rica]; Brown [first label]; 22 [second label]; S. Y Feligan, M. Daly, M. Sole [third label, names interpreted from handwriting]; P. Cameron Coll. 1914 - 110 [fourth label]; type [fifth label, circular with red ring]; B. M. TYPE HYM 7.6 [sixth label]; Anacharoides striaticeps Cam., type, Pearston S. Af., Prof. R. Brown [seventh label, handwritten]. The holotype is a female, in mediocre condition, card mounted on the venter, missing the left forewing, right antenna, left hindleg and right midleg deposited in BMNH. HOLOTYPE: Anacharoides elongaticornis: HOLOTYPUS [first label], Coll. Mus. Congo, Haut-Uele: Paulis, XII- 1947, P. L. G. Benoit [second label], Cyn 1 – 30 [third label], Anacharoides elongaticornis, holotype, P. L. G. Benoit, det. 1955 [fourth label]. The holotype is a female, in good condition, pinned through the mesosoma, deposited in MRAC. HOLOTYPE: Anacharoides eurytergis: HOLOTYPUS [first label, pink]; Cyn 1 – 25 [second label]; Coll. Mus. Congo, Kivu: Ibanda, 1952, M. Vandelannoite [third label]; Anacharoides eurytergis sp. n. holotype female, 1955, det. P. L. G. Benoit [fourth label]. The holotype is in good condition, mounted on a minuten pin, deposited in MRAC. HOLOTYPE: Anacharoides gibbosus: HOLOTYPUS [first label, pink]; Cyn 1 – 27 [second label]; Musée du Congo, Rutshuru, 3758, I. 1937, J. Ghesquière [third label]; Anacharoides gibbosus sp. n., holotype female, 1955, det. P. L. G. Benoit [fourth label]; Det. 8076 b [fifth label]. The holotype is in good condition, mounted on a minuten, deposited in MRAC. HOLOTYPE: Anacharoides arcus: HOLOTYPUS [first label, pink]; holotype [second label, circular with red ring]; Coll. Mus. Congo, Ruanda: env. Astrida, 82, 1954 / 1955, G. Foucart [third label]; Holotype Anacharoides arcus Quinlan, det. J. Quinlan, 1978 [fourth label, handwritten]. The holotype is a female, in good condition, mounted on a minuten, deposited in MRAC. HOLOTYPE: Anacharoides decellius: Holotype [first label, circular with red ring], Natal: Kloof, 1500 ft, VIII. 1926 [second label], S. Africa, R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus. 1926 - 350 [third label], Holotype Anacharoides decellius Quinlan, det J. Quinlan 1977 [fourth label, handwritten], B. M. TYPE HYM 7.229 [fifth label]. The holotype is in good condition, point mounted on the left side, deposited in BMNH. HOLOTYPE: Anacharoides nigra: VIII. 1943, T. H. C. Taylor [first label]; Uganda, Kawanda [second label]; Brit. Mus. 1956 - 25 [third label]; Holotype [fourth label, circular with red ring]; Holotype Anacharoides nigra Quinlan, det. J. Quinlan 1977 [fifth label, handwritten]. The holotype is a female, in good condition, point mounted on the right side, deposited in BMNH. HOLOTYPE: Anacharoides sanitas: Holotype [first label, circular with red ring]; Mossel Bay, Cape Province, October 1921 [second label]; S. Africa, R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus. 1921 - 450 [third label]; Anacharoides sanitas Quinlan, det. J Quinlan 1977 [fourth label, handwritten]; B. M. TYPE HYM 7.233 [fifth label]. The holotype is a female, in average condition, card mounted, with the left midleg disarticulated and glued to the card; deposited in the BMNH. HOLOTYPE: Anacharoides suspensus: Holotype [first label, circular with red ring]; Senegal, Bambey, J. Risbec, ex Ischiodon aegypticum [second label]; Holotype Anacharoides suspensus Quinlan, det. J. Quinlan 1977 [third label, handwritten]; B. M. TYPE HYM 7.234 [fourth label]. The holotype is in good condition, point mounted on the left side, deposited in BMNH. Additional material. AFRICA. CAMEROON: Nkoemvon, Mat. tr. XI. 1979, Ms. D. Jackson (1 female, BMNH). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Secteur Tshiaberimu, Riv. Mbulikerere, affl. dr. Talia N, 2720 m, 26 – 28. VIII. 1953, P. Vanschuytbroeck and V Hendrickx 4999 – 5005 (2 females, one paratype specimen of A. niger, MRAC, non-type BMNH); Secteur Nord, Riv. Butahu, affl. Semliki, 1420 m, 26. VI. 1957, P. Vanschuytbroeck VS 62 (1 female BMNH); Mont Hoyo, 1280 m, sur plantes basses, 7 – 15. VII. 1955, P. Vanschuytbroeck, 13274 - 309 (1 female, BMNH). ERITREA: Asmara, II – 5 – 1962, R. Van den Bosch (1 female, UCRC 197005). KEN- YA: Lake Nakuru, Hippo Point, 16. XII. 1970, A. E. Stubbs, BM 1972 - 211 (1 female, BMNH); Tsavo East, VI. 1977, J. Wirth [illegible] (1 female, BMNH); Chyula Hills, 1 – 3. VI. 2006, R. Copeland, MT, USNM ENT 00653527, 00653513 (2 females, USNM). MALAWI: Kasungu, Mtunthama, V. 1982, J. Feehan (2 males, 2 females, BMNH); Kasungu, Mtunthama, VII. 1982, J. Feehan (3 females, 1 male, BMNH). NIGER: Maradi, INRAN, II. 1986, G. J. Steck (2 males, TAMU). NIGERIA: Owena, W. State, 15. II. 1970, Col. J. T. Medler (1 female, BMNH. RWANDA: Lac Bulero (Bitale) 1862 m. 10 au 11. IX. 1934, G. F. de Witte: 583 (1 female, MRAC). SOUTH AFRICA: GAU, PPRI Rietondale Experiment Centre 25.44 S, 28.13 E, 26. V – 2. VI. 1998, T Bird, from pitfall traps (1 female, SANCI); East Cape Province, Katberg, 1 – 10. II. 1933, R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus. 1933 - 139 (1 male, BMNH); Cape Province, Mossel Bay, V. 1930, R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus. 1930 - 266 (1 male, BMNH); Kwazulu-Natal, Karkloof, Leopards Bush Nature Res., 19 km 25 ° NNE Howick, 1350 m, 29 ° 18.9 ’ S, 30 ° 15.3 ’ E, S van Noort, KN 98 / S 36, 29. VIII. 1998, sweep Afromontaine forest, SAM-HYM P 025006 (7 females, SAMC); Kwazulu-Natal, Good Hope Estate, 9.3 km 281 ° NW Boston, 1350 m, 29 ° 41.7 ’ S 29 ° 55.9 ’ E, BL Fisher 1791 (1), 25. VIII. 1998, Winkler bag extraction of leaf litter, Afromontane Forest, SAM-HYM P 025008 (2 females, SAMC); Kwazulu-Natal, Good Hope Estate, 9.3 km 281 ° NW Boston, 1350 m, 29 ° 41.7 ’ S 29 ° 55.9 ’ E, S van Noort, 25. VIII. 1998, KN 98 / S 2, sweep of Afromontaine Forest, SAM-HYM P 025000. UGANDA: Kampala, 24. X. 1921, H. Hargreaves, ‘ parasite on syrphid larval predator of psyllid 7083 (1 female, BMNH); Teso. [?] 7. X. 1926, ex syrphid Ischiodon sp. (1 male, BMNH). ZIMBABWE: [Rhodesia] Salisbury, R. W. E. Tueker, V. 1917, SAM-HYM P 002876 (1 male, SAMC); Chishawasha, X. 1978, A. Watsham (1 male, BMNH); Chishawasha, X. 1979, A. Watsham (3 female, BMNH); Chishawasha, IX. 1979, A. Watsham (1 male, 1 female, BMNH); Chishawasha, I. 1980, A. Watsham (1 male, BMNH); Chishawasha, II. 1979, A. Watsham (3 male, 1 female, BMNH); Chishawasha, III. 1980, A. Watsham (1 female, BMNH). ARABIAN PENINSULA. YEMEN: Usaifira, 1 mile N. of Ta’izz, ca. 4500 ft., 12. XII. 1937, in cultivated fields, BM Exp. to SW Arabia, H. Scott and E. B. Britton, BM 1938 - 246 (1 female, BMNH).	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113BFF80FF49FAA5FBD8FE67.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Two specimens from SANCI are associated with isolated host puparia that were identified by F. C. Thompson (Smithsonian Institution) as belonging to Ischiodon aegyptius (Weidemann). Label data on another specimen, collected in Uganda and deposited in the BMNH, reads “ parasite on syrphid larval predator of psyllid ”; another specimen in the BMNH collected in Uganda has label data recording the host as “ Ischiodon sp. ”; these specimens lack host remains. A third specimen, collected in Senegal and deposited in the BMNH, reads “ ex Ischiodon aegypticum ”; this specimen lacks host remains. Image collections: 465494 (A. arcus); 465423 (A. decellius); 465421 (A. elongaticornis); 465493 (A. eurytergis); 465492 (A. gibbosus); 465395 (A. nigra); 465393 (A. sanitas); 465420 (A. striaticeps); 465419 (A. suspensus).	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC113BFF80FF49FAA5FBD8FE67.taxon	discussion	Comments. Quinlan (1979) described six species that, in the present work, are considered synonyms of A. striaticeps. As with A. pallida, the morphology of this species is particularly difficult to interpret if insufficient lighting is used. Two key character systems employed by Quinlan (1979) are the sculpture of the mesoscutum and the shape of the scutellar acetabulum (referred to as the ‘ apical depression of the scutellum’). In the case of the mesoscutal morphology, directional and non-directional light will reveal very different character states on the same specimen; careful examination of the mesoscutum of Quinlan’s (1979) holotypes revealed that several species described in that work were merely representing the morphological variation within A. striaticeps. A similar situation occurs with the scutellar acetabulum: the shape of the anterior and posterior margins of this structure vary from distinctly round to nearly straight, in the same specimen, solely dependent upon examination angle. In the preparation of the present study, this character was originally employed only to be excluded upon the discovery of this artifact.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC1137FF86FF49FE76FBE5FE67.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is immediately recognizable by the 5 – 7 well-developed strigae present on the mesoscutum (Fig. 1 F); other species of Anacharoides have, at most, a rugose-striate mesoscutum, lacking any distinctive strigae.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC1137FF86FF49FE76FBE5FE67.taxon	description	Redescription. Length = 2.80 – 3.00 mm, n = 8; holotype length = 3.00 mm. F 1 of female gradually expanded distally. F 1 of male distinctly funicate, markedly kinked at midpoint, distinctly excavated. Length of F 1 of female antenna 1.2 – 1.4 × F 2. Ocellar groove present, simple ridge posterior to central ocellus. Lateral aspect of pronotum porcate antero-dorsally, antero-ventrally; gently carinate antero-medially; remainder of sclerite shagreened. Microsculpture of mesoscutum coriaceous over entire surface. Antero-admedial signum of mesoscutum present with 2 – 3 antero-admedial signum struts. Inter antero-admedial signum ridges present. Surface of mesoscutum strigate, with 5 – 7 distinct strigae radiating from mesoscutal keel. Shape of posterior mesoscutellar fovea rounded. Mesoscutal keel present along entire length of mesoscutum, punctate. Mesoscutellar fovea smooth with 6 – 7 carinae present. Mesoscutellum in lateral view with a distinct, strong hump. Length of posterior mesoscutellar fovea medium-long, reaching 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 length of mesoscutum. Lateral aspect of mesoscutum distal of notauli coriacous-rugose with strong carinae along entire length. Sculpture of notauli crenulate with transverse ridges posteriorly. Anterior margin of scutellar fovea rounded. Shape of notauli distinctly wider at posterior margin than anterior margin.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC1137FF86FF49FE76FBE5FE67.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 7). Sub-Saharan Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar; from Quinlan (1979): Tanzania and Nigeria.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC1137FF86FF49FE76FBE5FE67.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE. Holotypus [first label, pink]; Cyn 1 – 36 [second label]; Musée de Congo, Kiniati-Zobe, fin December 1915, R. Mayné [Democratic Republic of Congo, end December 1915, third label]; Anacharoides stygius sp. n. 1955, holotype, female, det. P. L. G. Benoit [fourth label, handwritten]. The holotype is a female, card mounted, in good condition; deposited in MRAC. Additional material. ANGOLA: 7 mls. W Gabela, 16 – 18. III. 1972, Southern African Exped. B. M. 1972 - 1 (1 female, BMNH). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Massif Ruwenzori Kalonge, 1900 m, Kamusonge River, aff. Butahu, 8. I. 1954, H. Synave 7026 - 31 (1 female, BMNH); Mont. Hoyo, 1280 m, sur plantes basses, 7 – 15. VII. 1955, P. Vanschuytbroeck 13274 - 309 (1 female, BMNH). MADA- GASCAR: Berenty Reserve, 80 km W Ft. Dauphin, 25 ° 00 ’ S 46 ° 18 ’ E, 3. III. 1994, M. Wasbauer, MT (1 female, UCD); Province Fianarantsoa, near Isalo National Park, in dry wash East of Interpretive Center, 7 – 22. IX. 2002, 22 ° 37.60 ’ S, 45 ° 21.49 ’ E, collector: R. Harin’Hala, California Acad of Sciences, malaise trap in open area, elev 885 m, MA- 02 - 11 B- 39 (1 male, CASC); Province Fianarantsoa, Parc National Ranomafana, radio tower at forest edge, elev 1130 m, 17 – 30. V. 2003, 21 ° 15.05 ’ S, 47 ° 24.43 ’ E, collector: R. Harin’Hala, California Acad. of Sciences, malaise, mixed tropical forest, MA- 02 - 09 B- 61 (1 female, CASC); Bekily [19 ° 48 ’ 00 ” S 045 ° 03 ’ 00 ” E] Reg. Sud. D’Lile, A. Seyrig, various dates, all deposited in NMHN: 7 females, 3 males: III. 1937; 2 females: I. 1937; 1 females: II. 1937; 2 females: IV. 1937; 3 females: X. 1936; 1 female, 1 male: VII. 1936; 2 females, 1 male: IX 1938; 3 females, 2 males: X. 1938; 1 female: III. 1939.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC1137FF86FF49FE76FBE5FE67.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Unknown. Image collection: 465418.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
7A6987BC1137FF86FF49FE76FBE5FE67.taxon	discussion	Comments. The sculpture of the mesoscutum is a striking feature of this species, exemplified by Fig. 4 B and Quinlan (1979: fig 64). Conclusion The distribution of Anacharoides striaticeps and A. pallida are by far the broadest of any species within the genus. Consistent with other species of Anacharoides, A. striaticeps and A. pallida have been collected throughout sub-Saharan Africa; these species differ from their congeners, however, by their presence in Sudan, Eritrea, Yemen (A. striaticeps) and the Canary Islands (A. pallida). This distribution data is consistent with that of other figitids: the pycnostigmines Tylosema Kieffer and Trjapitziniola Kovalev were both recorded from beyond sub-Saharan Africa (Tylosema recorded from Algeria, Trjapitziniola from the United Arab Emirates and Armenia (Buffington and van Noort 2007; Kovalev 1995), and the eucoilines Gronotoma nitida Quinlan, G. lana Quinlan and Nordlanderia plowa Quinlan occur in Africa as well as the Arabian Peninsula, India and southeast Asia (Buffington, pers. obsv.). Thus, the distribution of both A. striaticeps and A. pallida reinforces the notion that at least some African lineages of Cynipoidea are derived from Western Palearctic lineages. This hypothesis is further underscored by the relationship of Anacharoides with the aspicerines Omalaspis and Callaspidia as reported in Buffington et al. (2007): (( Aspicera + Paraspicera) Anacharoides (Omalaspis + Callaspidia )). Omalaspis is known from India and Bangladesh (Buffington, pers. obsv.) and the western Palearctic (Weld 1952); Callaspidia is known throughout the western Palearctic and Nearctic (Weld 1952). Thus, from a cladistic biogeography standpoint, a western Palearctic origin of Anacharoides is likely. The few host records reported here that are substantiated by host remains suggest species of Anacharoides are parasitoids of syrphids. This biological attribute is consistent with other species of Aspicerinae such as Callaspidia that similarly have been recorded as parasitoids of Syrphidae (Weld 1952; Ros-Farré 2007). In fact, insects with aphidophagous larvae have been considered a loose host association for the entire Aspicerinae, Anacharitinae and Charipinae (Ronquist 1999), though Buffington et al. (2007) found that this biological attribute likely evolved several times. For agroecosystems, species such as those in Anacharoides may provide a degree of antagonism towards primary predators and parasitoids of pestiferous aphids. Further research into this group of parasitic wasps will hopefully yield more data on the nature of this interaction.	en	Buffington, Matthew, van Noort, Simon (2009): A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 20 (20): 245-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.20.124
