taxonID	type	description	language	source
869A21E1BDB2788777F7A374402608C8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Members of Paleosepharia amiana are similar to those of P. excavata, P. formosana, and P. yasumatsui with black stripes along the outer margins of yellow elytra. However, this species is easily recognized by the presence of only one transverse black band on the elytra (two transverse bands in others). The aedeagus of male P. amiana is similar to that of P. nantouensis in possessing a relatively narrow penis (more than 6.5 times longer than wide; less than 6.0 times in other species), acute apex of tectum (bifurcate apex in other species), and one pair of elongate and apically curved spiculae (lacking such spiculae in other species). It differs by the broader tectum (broader than penis; narrower than penis in P. nantouensis) and different sizes of the two pairs of hooked spiculae (same sizes in P. nantouensis).	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
869A21E1BDB2788777F7A374402608C8.taxon	description	Description. Males. Length 6.0 - 6.5 mm, width 3.3 - 3.4 mm. General color reddish brown (Fig. 1 A- 1 B); antennae except two basal antennomeres, scutellum, tibiae, and tarsi black; elytra yellow, with wide black stripe along lateral margins and suture extend ing to apex, and one transverse, wide black band at basal 2 / 3. Antenna (Fig. 2 A) filiform, ratio of length of antennomeres I to XI 1.0: 0.3: 0.5: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.8: 0.7: 0.8; ratio of length to width from antennomere I to XI 4.6: 1.9: 2.8: 5.0: 5.1: 5.1: 5.7: 6.0: 6.5: 5.7: 7.1. Pronotum 1.86 - 1.97 times wider than long; lateral margins slightly curved, basal margin slightly curved, apical margin slightly concave; disc with reticulate microsculpture and dense, minute punctures. Elytra 1.34 - 1.45 times longer than wide; lateral margins curved, widest behind middle; disc with one pair of oblique depressions starting from suture at scutellum, longitudinal ridge present inside each depression and along suture; disc with dense, minute punctures; apex truncate. First tarsomeres of front legs strongly swollen and dorso-ventrally flattened. Penis (Fig. 2 C-E) extremely slender, 7.3 times longer than wide; parallel-sided, basally widened from middle, apically tapering; tectum elongate from basal 1 / 4 to apical 1 / 5, widest at midpoint and wider than penis, apically tapering, apex acute; moderately recurved at middle and near apex in lateral view; ventral surface with lateral areas membranous. Endophallic spiculae complex (Fig. 2 F) with one pair of extremely elongate spiculae, apices curved at middle; two pairs of elongate hooked spiculae, one pair longer and curved inwards, the other pair shorter and curved outwards; one pair of longitudinal rows of elongate, apically curved setae near base; one row of elongate, apically tapering setae at sides behind middle. Females. Length 5.6 - 6.5 mm, width 3.3 - 3.5 mm. Similar to male (Fig. 1 C) but elytra lacking oblique depressions; first tarsomeres of front legs normal; ratio of length of antennomeres I to XI (Fig. 2 B) 1.0: 0.3: 0.5: 0.9: 0.9: 0.8: 0.9: 0.8: 0.8: 0.7: 0.7; ratio of length to width from antennomere I to XI 4.8: 2.0: 3.7: 5.6: 5.6: 5.9: 6.7: 6.2: 7.2: 6.4: 6.7. Gonocoxae (Fig. 2 J) slender, tightly conjunct from apical 1 / 3 to base; each gonocoxa with eight setae from apical 1 / 6 to apex, apex truncate. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 2 G) weakly sclerotized except apex, with several short setae at apex, and several long setae at sides, spiculum elongate. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 2 I) swollen; pump extremely slender and curved; sclerotized spermathecal duct slender. Bursa sclerites (Fig. 2 H) elongate and apically tapering, with stout teeth along lateral margin at base; slightly curved in lateral view.	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
869A21E1BDB2788777F7A374402608C8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Taiwan.	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
49A92C5B17D1CA5E7422FFE208022009.taxon	materials_examined	Other material examined (n = 72). Chiayi: 1 ♂ (TARI), Alishan [阿里山], 5 - 9. VII. 1981, leg. L. Y. Chou & S. C. Lin; Hsinchu: 1 ♂ (TARI), Kuanwu [觀霧], 6. IV. 2010, leg. L. - H. Sun; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 30. IV. 2010, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♀ (TARI), Litungshan [李棟山], 6. VI. 2010, leg. Y. - L. Lin; 1 ♂ (TARI), Mamei [馬美], 4. V. 2008, leg. S. - F. Yu; 3 ♀♀ (TARI), same locality, 18. V. 2008, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♂ (TARI), Talu trail [大鹿林道], 19. VI. 2010, leg. Y. - L. Lin; 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 11. VII. 2016, leg. H. Lee; Hualien: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), Hsinpaiyang [新白陽], 15 - 20. X. 2007, leg. Y. - F. Hsu; 1 ♀ (TARI), Huitouwan [迴頭灣], 10. VII. 2007, leg. C. - F. Lee; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), Wanjung [萬榮], 11. VI. 2011, leg. M. - H. Tsou; Ilan: 1 ♀ (TARI), Chinyang [金洋], 23. X. 2011, leg. C. - H. Hsieh; 1 ♀ (NMNS), Tsuifenghu [翠峰湖], 21. VI. 1992, leg. C. Y. Li; 1 ♂ (NMNS), Taipingshan [太平山], 8. III. 1989, leg. K. W. Huang; 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ (TARI), same locality, 17. VIII. 2007, leg. Y. - C. Chang; Nantou: 1 ♂ (NMNS), Aowanta [奧萬大], 9. IX. 2008, leg. C. C. Lai; 1 ♂ (TARI), Fenghuangshan [鳳凰山], 10. V. 2010, leg. Y. - T. Wang; 1 ♀ (TARI), Hoshe [和社], 23. I. 2014, leg. H. - T. Yeh; 1 ♂ (TARI), Huakang [華岡], 13. IX. 2010, leg. C. - F. Lee; 1 ♀ (TARI), Meifeng [梅峰], 20 - 22. VI. 1979, leg. K. S. Lin & B. H. Chen; 1 ♀ (NMNS), same locality, 24. IX. 1997, leg. W. T. Yang; 1 ♂ (NMNS), Oiwake [= Tsuifeng, 翠 峰] - Tattaka [= Sungkang, 松崗], 24. VI. 1961, leg. T. Shirozu; 1 ♂ (TARI), Tsuifeng [翠峰], 21. VI. 1979, leg. K. S. Lin & B. H. Chen; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 25 - 27. VI. 1981, leg. K. S. Lin & W. S. Tang; 1 ♂ (TARI), Tungfu [同富], 8. V. 2011, leg. C. - F. Lee; Taichung: 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (TARI), Anmashan [鞍馬山], 21. IV. 2010, leg. C. - F. Lee; Taitung: 1 ♂ (TARI), Hsiangyang [向陽], 9. V. 2013, leg. J. - C. Chen; 1 ♂ (TARI), Lichia [利嘉], 19. V. 2009, leg. U. Ong; 3 ♀♀ (TARI), same locality, 15. VII. 2014, leg. Y. - T. Chung; 1 ♀ (TARI), Litao [利稻], 23. VI. 2010, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 4 ♀♀ (TARI), Liyuan [栗園], 29. III. 2011, leg. C. - F. Lee; 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 24. VII. 2013, leg. C. - F. Lee; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 24. II. 2014, leg. J. - C. Chen; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 14. III. 2014, leg. W. - C. Huang; 2 ♀♀, same locality, 28. III. 2014, leg. W. - C. Huang; 1 ♀ (TARI), Motien [摩天], 23. VI. 2010, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♀ (TARI), Wulu [霧鹿], 24. VI. 2010, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 5. X. 2010, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀ (TARI), same locality, 29. III. 2011, leg. C. - F. Lee; 1 ♂ (NMNS), Yenping [延平], 30. VII. 1992, leg. W. T. Yang; Taoyuan: 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), Hsuanyuan [萱源], 16. XII 2008, leg. S. - F. Yu; 1 ♀ (TARI), Lalashan [拉拉山], 10. X. 2009, leg. H. Lee; 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀ (TARI), Paling [巴陵], 8. XI. 2009, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♀ (TARI), Tungyanshan [東眼山], 15. V. 2010, leg. H. Lee; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 5. XI. 2011, leg. H. Lee.	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
49A92C5B17D1CA5E7422FFE208022009.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Adults of Paleosepharia excavata are similar to those of P. formosana and P. yasumatsui in possessing two transverse black bands on yellow elytra, but this species is easily recognized by its slender, indistinctly margined transverse black bands (broad and distinctly margined bands in others). Males of these species are also similar in possessing a broader penis (less than 6.0 times longer than wide; more than 6.5 times in other species), bifurcate apex of tectum (acute apex in other species), and lacking a pair of elongate and apically curved spiculae (such spiculae present in other species). Males of P. excavata differ in possessing a shallow notch in the apex of the tectum (deep notch in apex of tectum in P. yasumatsui), recurved apex of penis (not recurved in P. yasumatsui), short hooked spiculae 1 / 2 lengths of longer spiculae (1 / 6 lengths of longer spiculae in P. formosana, 4 / 5 lengths of longer spiculae in P. yasumatsui).	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
49A92C5B17D1CA5E7422FFE208022009.taxon	description	Description. Males. Length 4.8 - 6.1 mm, width 2.5 - 3.0 mm. General color reddish brown (Fig. 1 D-E); antennae, scutellum, tibiae, and tarsi black; elytra yellow, with slender black stripes along each lateral margin and suture extending from base to apex, and two transverse, slender, indistinctly defined black bands at basal 1 / 3 and 2 / 3, usually abbreviated near suture and lateral margins. Antenna (Fig. 3 A) filiform, ratio of length of antennomeres I to XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.6: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.8: 0.8: 0.8: 0.7: 0.8; ratio of length to width from antennomere I-XI 4.6: 2.1: 3.1: 4.8: 4.8: 5.6: 5.4: 5.5: 5.5: 5.0: 5.7. Pronotum 1.58 - 1.59 times wider than long; lateral margins slightly curved, basal margin slightly curved, apical margin slightly concave; disc with lateral fovea and dense minute punctures. Elytra parallel-sided; 1.49 - 1.56 times longer than wide; with one pair of oblique dark depressions at suture behind scutellum; disc with dense, minute punctures; apex truncate. Penis (Fig. 3 C-E) elongate, 4.5 times longer than wide; parallel-sided, abruptly widened at apical 1 / 3, apically tapering; tectum elongate from middle to near apex, basally broadened, apex bifurcate; moderately recurved at basal 1 / 4 in lateral view; ventral surface with lateral areas membranous, apical membranous area short. Endophallic spiculae complex (Fig. 3 F) with longest pair directed anteriorly, one pair of hooked spiculae 1 / 2 lengths of the longest spiculae; one pair of longitudinal rows of hooked setae starting from bases of longest spiculae, smaller near base; one row of elongate, apically tapering setae covering surface behind hook-like setae; and one paired cluster of short, hooked setae near base. Females. Length 5.4 - 6.3 mm, width 2.8 - 3.3 mm. Similar to male (Fig. 1 F); but elytra lacking oblique depressions, anterior transverse black band extending to suture; ratio of length of antennomeres I to XI (Fig. 3 B) 1.0: 0.3: 0.6: 0.8: 0.7: 0.7: 0.8: 0.8: 0.8: 0.7: 0.8; ratio of length to width from antennomere I to XI 4.1: 1.9: 3.3: 4.5: 4.4: 4.4: 5.1: 4.9: 5.5: 4.8: 6.0. Gonocoxae (Fig. 3 J) slender, tightly conjunct from apical 1 / 3 to base; each gonocoxa with six or seven setae from apical 1 / 6 to apex, apex truncate. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 3 G) weakly sclerotized medially, with several short setae at apex, and two rows of long setae at sides, spiculum extremely elongate. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 3 I) swollen; pump extremely slender and curved; sclerotized spermathecal duct slender. Bursa sclerites (Fig. 3 H) elongate and apically tapering, with stout teeth along lateral margin at base; slightly curved in lateral view.	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
49A92C5B17D1CA5E7422FFE208022009.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Taiwan, China.	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
FF519BCE2C8F8C3DA74B6F8AC5714F20.taxon	materials_examined	Other material examined (n = 90). Hsinchu: 1 ♀ (TARI), Litungshan [李棟山], 6. VI. 2010, leg. Y. - L. Lin; 2 ♂♂ (TARI), Lupi [魯壁], 26. VII. 2008, leg. M. - H. Tsou; Hualien: 1 ♂ (TARI), Huitouwan [迴頭灣], 10. VII. 2007, leg. C. - F. Lee; 1 ♀ (TARI), Huojanting [豁然亭], 7 - 14. IV. 2007, leg. Y. - F. Hsu; 1 ♀ (TARI), Wanjung [萬榮], 11. VI. 2011, leg. M. - H. Tsou; Ilan: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMNS), Fushan Botanical Garden [福山植物園], 26 - 27. VIII. 2003, leg. M. L. Chan; 2 ♀♀ (TARI), same locality, 2. IV. 2008, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 2 ♀♀ (TARI), same locality, 8. V. 2008, leg. S. - F. Yu; 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 8. VII. 2013, leg. Y. - T. Wang; 1 ♀ (TARI), Yingtzuling [鶯仔嶺], 7. IV. 2012, leg. Y. - L. Lin; Kaoshiung: 1 ♂ (TARI), Tengchih [藤枝], 7. IX. 2012, leg. W. - C. Liao; 1 ♀ (TARI), Tona trail [多納林道], 3. II. 2013, leg. B. - X. Guo; Nantou: 1 ♂ (NMNS), Huisun Forest [惠蓀林場], 12 - 13. XI. 1998, leg. C. S. Lin & W. T. Yang; 1 ♂ (TARI), 17. XI. 2008, same locality, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♀ (NMNS), Lake Candidius [= Jihyuehtan, 日月潭], 26. VI. 1961, leg. T. Shirozu; 3 ♀♀ (TARI), Lienhuachih [蓮華池], 23 - 26. V. 1980, leg. K. S. Lin & B. H. Chen; 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 26. VII. 1984, leg. K. S. Lin; 1 ♀ (NMNS), same locality, 12. VII. - 9. VIII. 2004, leg. C. S. Lin & W. T. Yang; 1 ♂ (NMNS), same locality, 4. X. - 15. XI. 2004, leg. C. S. Lin & W. T. Yang; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 22. III. 2009, leg. U. Ong; 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (TARI), Lushan [盧山], 27 - 31. V. 1980, leg. K. S. Lin & L. Y. Chou; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 28. VI. 1981, leg. K. S. Lin & W. S. Tang; 1 ♂ (NMNS), Nanshanchi [南山溪], 21. VI. 1965, leg. B. S. Chang; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 11. VII. 2007, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♀ (TARI), Sungchuankang [松泉崗], 25. VII. 2010, leg. T. - Y. Liu; 1 ♂ (TARI), Sunglintsun [松林村], 9. VII. 2007, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 2 ♂♂ (TARI), Tungpu [東埔], 25 - 29. IX. 1980, leg. L. Y. Chou & T. Lin; 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 28. IV. - 2. V. 1981, leg. T. Lin & C. J. Lee; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 5 - 8. X. 1981, leg. T. Lin & W. S. Tang; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (TARI), same locality, 19 - 23. VII. 1982, leg. L. Y. Chou & T. Lin; 2 ♂♂ (TARI), same locality, 22 - 25. XI. 1982, leg. K. C. Chou & S. P. Huang; 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 20 - 24. VI. 1983, leg. K. C. Chou & C. Y. Wong; 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (TARI), same locality, 23 - 27. VII. 1984, K. C. Chou & C. H. Yang; 1 ♀ (TARI), Wanfengtsun [萬豐村], 4. X. 2007, leg. W. - T. Liu; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 8. VII. 2008, leg. W. - T. Liu; 1 ♂ (TARI), Wushe [霧社], 4. VIII. 1981, leg. T. Lin & W. S. Tang; Pingtung: 2 ♀♀ (TARI), Ali [阿禮], 17. II. 2016, leg. Y. - T. Chung; 1 ♀ (TARI), Lilungshan [里龍山], 17. VIII. 2014, leg. Y. - T. Chung; 1 ♀ (TARI), Kenting [墾丁], 5 - 9. XII. 1982, leg. S. C. Lin & S. P. Huang; 1 ♀ (TARI), Nanjenhu [南仁湖], 15. III. 2010, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♂ (TARI), Tahanshan [大漢山], 20. VII. 2007, leg. S. - F. Yu; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 6. II. 2008, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 2 ♂♂ (TARI), 13 - 14. VIII. 2011, leg. Y. - T. Wang; 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 20. X. 2012, leg. W. - C. Liao; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 15. XII. 2012, leg. W. - C. Liao; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 10. VII. 2013, leg. Y. - T. Chung; 1 ♀ (TARI), 10. IV. 2017, leg. Y. - T. Chung; 3 ♀♀ (TARI), Wutai [霧台], 15 - 16. III. 2009, leg. Y. - F. Hsu; 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 12. IV. 2009, U. Ong; Taipei: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMNS), Fushan [福山], 28 - 29. V. 2004, leg. C. S. Lin & W. T. Yang; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMNS), Rimogan [= Fushan, 福山] - Magan, 10. VII. 1961, leg. T. Shirozu; 1 ♀ (TARI), Wulai [烏來], 4. III. 2007, leg. S. - F. Yu; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 30. III. 2007, leg. C. - F. Lee; Taichung: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMNS), Bojinjiashan [波津加山], 8. X. 1987, leg. I. C. Hsu; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), Chiapaotai [佳保台], 14 - 18. X. 1980, leg. K. S. Lin & C. H. Wang; 1 ♀ (NMNS), Kukuan [谷關], 11 - 12. IV. 1986, leg. C. S. Lin; Taitung: 1 ♂ (TARI), Lichia [利嘉], 24. IV. 2008, leg. C. - L. Hsiao; 1 ♀ (TARI), Liyuan [栗園], 29. III. 2011, leg. C. - F. Lee; 1 ♂ (TARI), Shouka [壽卡], 13. VI. 2013, leg. Y. - T. Chung; 2 ♂♂ (TARI), same locality, 27. X. 2013, leg. W. - C. Liao; 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 19. IV. 2015, leg. W. - C. Liao; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), Tulanshan [都蘭山], 14. IX. 2014, leg. Y. - T. Chung; 1 ♂ (TARI), Wulu [霧鹿], 5. X. 2010, leg. M. - H. Tsou; Taoyuan: 1 ♀ (TARI), Hsiaowulai [小烏來], 29. IX. 2009, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (TARI), Paling [巴陵], 3 - 5. V. 1983, leg. K. C. Chou & C. C. Pan; 1 ♂ (TARI), Tungyanshan [東眼山], 12. IV. 2007, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 20. IX. 2007, leg. S. - F. Yu.	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
FF519BCE2C8F8C3DA74B6F8AC5714F20.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Adults of Paleosepharia formosana are similar to those of P. yasumatsui in possessing two broad, well-defined transverse black bands on the elytra. However, males of P. yasumatsui are easily separated from those of P. formosana by the absence of anterior transverse black bands near the suture (present in P. formosana), and presence of clusters of stout setae behind the scutellum (lacking stout setae in P. formosana). Females of P. yasumatsui are similar to those of P. formosana but differ by their straight lateral margins of the elytra and continuously arcuate posterior black stripes (rounded elytra and independently arcuate black stripes in P. formosana). Males of P. formosana, P. excavata, and P. yasumatsui are similar in possessing a broad penis (less than 6.0 times longer than wide; more than 6.5 times in other species), bifurcate apex of tectum (acute apex in other species), lacking a pair of elongate, apically curved spiculae (such spiculae present in other species). They differ in possessing a shallow notch of the apex of the tectum (deep notch in P. yasumatsui), recurved apex of the penis (not recurved in P. yasumatsui), short hooked spiculae 1 / 6 the lengths of longer spiculae (1 / 2 length of longer spiculae in P. excavata, 4 / 5 length of longer spiculae in P. yasumatsui).	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
FF519BCE2C8F8C3DA74B6F8AC5714F20.taxon	description	Description. Males. Length 5.6 - 6.3 mm, width 3.2 - 3.5 mm. General color reddish brown (Fig. 4 A-B); antennae and legs black; scutellum reddish brown; elytra yellow, with wide black stripe along lateral margins and suture, extending from base to apex, and two transverse, wide black bands at basal 1 / 3 and 2 / 3. Antenna (Fig. 5 A) filiform, ratio of length of antennomeres I to XI 1.0: 0.3: 0.6: 0.8: 0.9: 0.8: 0.8: 0.8: 0.8: 0.7: 0.8; ratio of length to width from antennomere I to XI 4.4: 2.0: 3.2: 4.7: 5.3: 5.7: 5.7: 6.5: 6.2: 5.8: 6.8. Pronotum 1.76 - 1.78 times wider than long; lateral margins straight; basal margin slightly curved, apical margin slightly concave; disc evenly convex, with reticulate microsculpture and dense, minute punctures. Elytra widest at apical 1 / 3; 1.34 - 1.35 times longer than wide; with one pair of longitudinal depressions near suture, behind scutellum; disc with dense, minute punctures; apex truncate. Penis (Fig. 5 C-E) elongate, 4.4 times longer than wide; parallel-sided, abruptly widened at apical 1 / 3, apically tapering; tectum elongate from middle to near apex, parallel-sided; apex bifurcate; moderately recurved at basal 1 / 4 in lateral view; ventral surface with lateral areas membranous, apical membranous area short and with tapering process from lower part of membranous area. Endophallic spiculae (Fig. 5 F) with longest pair directed anteriorly, another pair of shorter, hooked spiculae curved outside near apex; one pair of longitudinal rows of hooked setae originating from bases of longest setae and reaching near base, smaller near base; one paired cluster of short hooked setae covering surface near base; one row of long, apically tapering setae on side, smaller near apex. Females. Length 5.7 - 6.7 mm, width 3.4 - 3.6 mm. Similar to male (Fig. 4 C); but elytra lacking longitudinal depressions; ratio of length of antennomeres I to XI (Fig. 5 B) 1.0: 0.3: 0.6: 0.8: 0.7: 0.8: 0.8: 0.8: 0.8: 0.7: 0.8; ratio of length to width from antennomere I to XI 5.3: 2.4: 4.1: 5.2: 4.9: 5.3: 5.3: 5.8: 5.9: 5.5: 6.5. Gonocoxae (Fig. 5 J) slender, tightly conjunct from apical 1 / 3 to base; each gonocoxa with eight setae from apical 1 / 6 to apex, apex curved. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 5 G) weakly sclerotized apically, apical margin curved, with several short setae and several long setae at sides, spiculum extremely elongate. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 5 I) swollen; pump extremely slender and curved; sclerotized spermathecal duct slender. Bursa sclerites (Fig. 5 H) elongate and apically tapering, with dense, stout teeth near base; slightly curved in lateral view.	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
FF519BCE2C8F8C3DA74B6F8AC5714F20.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Taiwan.	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
BF68E76212695549F441B251E2AFA1AE.taxon	materials_examined	Other material examined (n = 22). Hsinchu: 2 ♀♀ (TARI), Chenhsipao [鎮西堡], 26. VII. 2014, leg. Y. - L. Lin; 4 ♂♂ (TARI), Chienshih [尖石], 12. VII. 2009, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♀ (TARI), Lupi [魯壁], 20. VII. 2008, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 26. VII. 2008, leg. M. - H. Tsou; Ilan: 1 ♀ (TARI), Suyuan [思源], 23. VII. 2008, leg. H. - Y. Lee; 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 8. VIII. 2014, leg. S. - F. Yu; Kaoshiung: 1 ♂ (TARI), Meilungshan [美瓏山], 15. VI. 2016, leg. B. - X. Guo; Taichung: 1 ♂ (NMNS), Anmashan [鞍馬山], 18. VII. 2005, leg. Y. - L. Chen; Taitung: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (TARI), Liyuan [栗園], 24. VII. 2013, leg. C. - F. Lee; Taoyuan: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), Lalashan [拉拉山], 2. VIII. 2008, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 7. VIII. 2008, leg. H. - J. Chen; 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 30. VIII. 2008, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♀ (NMNS), Shanpaling [上巴陵], 26. VIII. 1987, leg. I. C. Hsu; 1 ♂ (TARI), Tamanshan [塔曼山], 3. VIII. 2008, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♀ (TARI), same but with " leg. S. - F. Yu ".	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
BF68E76212695549F441B251E2AFA1AE.taxon	description	Description. Males. Length 4.7 - 5.2 mm, width 2.4 - 2.6 mm. General color yellowish brown (Fig. 4 D-E); antennae, except two basal antennomeres, tibiae, tarsi, and metaventrite blackish brown; scutellum yellowish brown; elytra black, with one pair of broad, curved white stripes from near base to middle, curved inwards at middle. Antenna (Fig. 6 A) filiform, ratio of length of antennomeres I to XI 1.0: 0.3: 0.5: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.8: 0.9; ratio of length to width from antennomere I to XI 3.7: 2.0: 2.9: 5.1: 5.1: 4.9: 5.0: 4.9: 5.2: 4.9: 5.6. Pronotum 1.69 - 1.81 times wider than long; lateral margins slightly curved, basal margin slightly curved, apical margin slightly concave; disc evenly convex, with reticulate microsculpture and dense, minute punctures and one pair of weak fovea at sides. Elytra parallel-sided; 1.51 - 1.57 times longer than wide; with one pair of depressions near suture in basal 1 / 3; disc with dense, minute punctures; apex truncate. First tarsomeres of front legs dorso-ventrally flattened. Penis (Fig. 6 C-E) extremely slender, 6.8 times longer than wide; parallel-sided, posterior widened at middle, apically tapering; tectum elongate from basal 1 / 5 to apical 1 / 6, widest at middle and as wide as penis, apically tapering, apex acute; moderately recurved at middle and near apex in lateral view; ventral surface without membranous areas. Endophallic spiculae complex (Fig. 6 F) with the longest pair apically curved; also possessing two pairs of long hooked spiculae of equal length, one pair curved inwards, the other curved outwards; a pair of longitudinal rows of hook-like setae distal to bases of longest spiculae; one longitudinal pair of long, apically tapering setae along sides distal to bases of longest spiculae. Females. Length 5.3 - 6.3 mm, width 2.6 - 3.3 mm. Similar to males (Fig. 4 F); but elytra lacking oblique depressions; first tarsomeres of front legs normal; ratio of length of antennomeres I to XI (Fig. 6 B) 1.0: 0.3: 0.5: 0.9: 0.9: 0.8: 0.9: 0.8: 0.8: 0.7: 0.7; ratio of length to width from antennomere I-XI 4.8: 2.0: 3.7: 5.6: 5.6: 5.9: 6.7: 6.2: 7.2: 6.4: 6.7. Gonocoxae (Fig. 6 J) slender, tightly conjunct from apical 1 / 3 to base; each gonocoxa with eight setae from apical 1 / 6 to apex, apex truncate. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 6 G) weakly sclerotized except apex, with several short setae at apex, and several long setae at sides, spiculum elongate. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 6 I) swollen; pump extremely slender and curved; sclerotized spermathecal duct slender. Bursa sclerites (Fig. 6 H) elongate and apically tapering, with stout teeth along lateral margin at base; slightly curved in lateral view.	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
BF68E76212695549F441B251E2AFA1AE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Taiwan.	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
0D7D30E41E8070118FBBD85CC3C75BD9.taxon	materials_examined	Other material examined (n = 68). Hsinchu: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), Mamei [馬美], 18. V. 2008, leg. S. - F. Yu; 1 ♀ (TARI), Talu trail [大鹿林道], 17. III. 2012, leg. Y. - L. Lin; Hualien: 1 ♂ (TARI), Wanjung [萬榮], 11. VI. 2011, leg. M. - H. Tsou; Ilan: 2 ♀♀ (TARI), Fushan Botanical Park [福山植物園], 1. IV. 2008, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♀ (TARI), same but with " leg. H. - J. Chen; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 13. IV. 2011, leg. C. - F. Lee; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 3. VII. 2013, leg. Y. - T. Wang; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMNS), Mingchi [明池], 18. II. 2000, leg. M. L. Chan; 1 ♂ (TARI), 17. III. 2007, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 2 ♂♂ (TARI), same locality, 16. VIII. 2008, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 5. IV. 2009, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♂ (TARI), Shenmihu [神秘湖], 17. IV. 2010, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♂ (TARI), Taipingshan [太平山], 15. XI. 2007, leg. S. - S. Li; 2 ♀♀ (TARI), Tungshan [銅山], 6. IX. 2010, leg. Y. - F. Hsu; Kaoshiung: 1 ♂ (TARI), Chungchihkuan [中之關], 10 - 13. X. 2012, leg. L. - P. Hsu; 1 ♂ (TARI), Tengchih [藤枝], 27. IX. 2013, leg. W. - C. Liao; 2 ♀♀ (TARI), same locality, 30. VIII. 2014, leg. B. - X. Guo; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 2. IV. 2016, leg. W. - C. Liao; 1 ♀ (TARI), Tianchih [天池], 11. X. 2012, leg. L. - P. Hsu; 1 ♂ (NMNS), Tona trail [多納林道], 30. IV. 1998, leg. M. L Chan; 1 ♀ (TARI), 20. III. 2010, leg. U. Ong; Nantou: 1 ♂ (TARI), Huisunlinchang [惠蓀林場], 26. IV. 2014, leg. B. - X. Guo; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 23. IV. 2015, leg. Y. - T. Chung; 2 ♀♀ (NMNS), Lienhuachih [蓮華池], 21. IV. 1998, leg. M. M. Yang & H. T. Chan; 1 ♂ (TARI), Nanshanchi [南山溪], 25. VII. 2008, leg. W. - T. Liu; 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 7. IV. 2010, leg. Y. - T. Wang; 1 ♂ (NMNS), Peitungyenshan [北東眼山], 23 - 25. IX. 1998, leg. W. T. Yang; 1 ♂ (TARI), Pihu [碧湖], 27. IX. 2011, leg. J. - C. Chen; Pingtung: 2 ♂♂ (TARI), Jinshuiying [浸水營], 19. XI. 2009, leg. J. - C. Chen; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 12. IX. 2011, leg. J. - C. Chen; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 12. IV. 2012, leg. C. - F. Lee; 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 27. IV. 2014, leg. J. - C. Chen; 1 ♂ (TARI), Tahanshan [大漢山], 6. VIII. 2013, leg. Y. - T. Chung; 1 ♂ (TARI), Wutai [霧台], 12. IV. 2009, leg. U. Ong; 2 ♀♀ (TARI), same locality, 17. V. 2009, leg. U. Ong; Taipei: 1 ♀ (TARI), Wulai [烏來], 4. III. 2007, leg. S. - F. Yu; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 17. V. 2008, leg. M. - H. Tsou; Taichung: 1 ♂ (TARI), Anmashan [鞍馬山], 22. III. 2011, leg. C. - F. Lee; 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 19. X. 2011, leg. C. - F. Lee; 1 ♂ (NMNS), Chiapaotai [佳保台], 6. XII. 1991, leg. Y. C. Shiau; 1 ♀ (TARI), Kukuan [谷關], 19. III. 2014, leg. C. - F. Lee; Tainan: 1 ♀ (TARI), Kantoushan [崁頭山], 20. X. 2013, leg. W. - C. Liao; Taitung: 3 ♀♀ (TARI), Lichia [利嘉], 9. IV. 2016, S. - P. Wu; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), Motien [摩天], 5. X. 2010, leg. C. - F. Lee; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), Wulu [霧鹿], 5. X. 2010, leg. M. - H. Tsou; Taoyuan: 1 ♂ (TARI), Fuhsing [復興], 12. IV. 2009, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 2 ♂♂ (TARI), Hsiaowulai [小烏來], 29. IX. 2009, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 8 ♂♂ (TARI), same locality, 10. X. 2009, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♂ (TARI), Lalashan [拉拉山], 26. X. 2008, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♂ (TARI), Paling [巴陵], 8. XI. 2009, leg. M. - H. Tsou; 1 ♂ (TARI), Sankuang [三光], 17. X. 2009, leg. Y. - L. Lin; 2 ♂♂ (NMNS), Shanpaling [上巴陵], 26. VIII. 1987, leg. I. C. Hsu; 1 ♀ (TARI), Tungyanshan [東眼山], 20. IX. 2007, leg. S. - F. Yu.	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
0D7D30E41E8070118FBBD85CC3C75BD9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Adults of P. yasumatsui are similar to those of P. formosana in possessing two broad, distinctly margined transverse black bands on the elytra. However, males of P. yasumatsui are easily separated from those of P. formosana by the absence of an anterior, transverse black band near the suture (present in P. formosana), and presence of clusters of stout setae behind the scutellum (lacking stout setae in P. formosana). Females of P. yasumatsui are similar to those of P. formosana but differ in the straight lateral margin of the elytra and continuously arcuate, posterior black stripes (rounded elytra and separated arcuate black stripes in P. formosana). Males of P. formosana, P. excavata, and P. yasumatsui are similar in possessing a broader penis (less than 6.0 times longer than wide; more than 6.5 times in other species), bifurcate apex of tectum (acute apex in other species), and lacking a pair of elongate, apically curved spiculae (such spiculae present in other species). Males of P. yasumatsui differ in having a deep notch at the apex of the tectum (shallow notch at apex of tectum in other species), curved apex of penis (recurved in other species), short, hooked spiculae 4 / 5 sizes of long spiculae (1 / 2 sizes of long spiculae in P. excavata, 1 / 6 sizes of long spiculae in P. formosana).	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
0D7D30E41E8070118FBBD85CC3C75BD9.taxon	description	Description. Males. Length 5.2 - 6.0 mm, width 2.7 - 3.3 mm. General color reddish brown (Fig. 7 A-B); antennae and legs black; scutellum reddish brown; elytra yellow, with wide black stripe along lateral margins and suture extending from base to apex; two transverse wide black bands at basal 1 / 3 and 2 / 3, anterior band abbreviated near suture. Antenna (Fig. 8 A) filiform, ratio of length of antennomeres I to XI 1.0: 0.3: 0.6: 0.8: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.8: 0.8: 0.7: 0.8; ratio of length to width from antennomere I-XI 4.2: 2.0: 3.2: 4.2: 5.1: 5.1: 5.1: 5.5: 5.4: 5.1: 6.7. Pronotum 1.44 - 1.51 times wider than long; lateral margins slightly curved, basal margin slightly curved, apical margin slightly concave; disc evenly convex, with reticulate microsculpture and dense, minute punctures, and with one pair weak fovea at sides. Elytra subparallel, gradually broadened towards apices; 1.45 - 1.49 times longer than wide; with one pair of weak depressions near suture at basal 1 / 3; with paired clusters of long setae behind scutellum; disc with dense, minute punctures; apex truncate. Penis (Fig. 8 C-E) elongate, 5.5 times longer than wide; parallel-sided, strongly widened at apical 1 / 3, apically curved; tectum elongate from middle to near apex, parallel-sided; apex deeply bifurcate; slightly recurved at basal 1 / 4 in lateral view; ventral surface with lateral areas membranous. Endophallic spiculae complex (Fig. 8 F) with one longest pair directed anteriorly, another shorter pair of hooked spiculae; one pair of elongate rows of hooked setae distal to base of longest spiculae, smaller near base; one paired cluster of short and apically tapering setae near base; one pair of elongate rows of long, apically tapering setae covered by hooked setae. Females. Length 4.6 - 5.7 mm, width 2.6 - 3.1 mm. Similar to male (Fig. 7 C); but elytra lacking depressions and clusters of long setae, and anterior black band extending to suture, ratio of length of antennomeres I to XI (Fig. 8 B) 1.0: 0.3: 0.5: 0.9: 0.9: 0.8: 0.9: 0.9: 0.8: 0.7: 0.9; ratio of length to width from antennomere I to XI 4.7: 2.1: 3.4: 5.4: 5.3: 5.3: 6.1: 5.6: 6.3: 5.4: 6.0. Gonocoxae (Fig. 8 J) slender, tightly conjunct from apical 1 / 3 to base; each gonocoxa with seven to eight setae from apical 1 / 6 to apex, apex truncate. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 8 G) medially and weakly sclerotized with apical margin curved, with dense, short setae at apex, and several long setae at sides, spiculum extremely elongate. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 8 I) swollen; pump extremely slender and curved; sclerotized spermathecal duct slender. Bursa sclerites (Fig. 8 H) elongate and apically tapering, two elongate rows of stout setae at sides; slightly curved in lateral view.	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
0D7D30E41E8070118FBBD85CC3C75BD9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Taiwan. Key to Taiwanese species of the genus Paleosepharia	en	Lee, Chi-Feng (2018): The genus Paleosepharia Laboissiere, 1936 in Taiwan: review and nomenclatural changes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 744: 19-41, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22970
