identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
780387B0605CFFB9C798F87CFDD342D6.text	780387B0605CFFB9C798F87CFDD342D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hamacanthidae Gray 1872	<div><p>Family Hamacanthidae Gray, 1872</p><p>Genus Hamacantha Gray, 1867</p><p>Subgenus Vomerula Schmidt, 1880</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/780387B0605CFFB9C798F87CFDD342D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ise, Yuji;Woo, Sau Pinn;Tan, Shau Hwai;Fujita, Toshihiko	Ise, Yuji, Woo, Sau Pinn, Tan, Shau Hwai, Fujita, Toshihiko (2019): First record of Hamacantha (Porifera, Demospongiae, Merliida, Hamacanthidae) from Japan, with description of two new species. Zootaxa 4657 (3): 474-482, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.3.3
780387B0605FFFBFC798FEF3FC3A41A9.text	780387B0605FFFBFC798FEF3FC3A41A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hamacantha (Vomerula) mamoi Ise & Woo & Tan & Fujita 2019	<div><p>Hamacantha (Vomerula) mamoi sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 2–3</p><p>Materials examined. Holotype NSMT–Po–2438. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.56041&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.125065" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.56041/lat 35.125065)">Off Jogashima</a>, Kanagawa, Sagami Bay, Japan, 35º7.484′N – 139º33.212′E to 35º7.504′N – 139º33.625′E (Fig. 1), 223– 113m depth, collected by R / V ‘Rinkai-maru’, biological dredge, 13 January 2012, in ethanol.</p><p>Description of holotype. External morphology (Fig. 2A). Evenly encrusting sponge, attached on sandstone, about 5 x 5 cm and 1mm thick. Surface seems smooth, oscula not visible. Color in life not recorded, grey in etha- nol.</p><p>Skeleton. Ectosomal skeleton a thick tangential reticulation of polyspicular tracts of styles (Fig. 2B). Choano- somal skeleton with ascending bundles of styles (Fig. 2C). Diancistras and sigmas distributed in both ectosome and choanosome. Of these, diancistras I mostly attached to style bundles (Fig. 2D).</p><p>Spicules. Skeleton consists of styles as megascleres, two types of diancistras and sigmas as microscleres (Fig. 3).</p><p>Styles (Figs. Fig. 3A, B), abundant, fusiform, almost straight or slightly curved, sharply pointed at one extremity, blunt end thinner than middle part of the shaft (Fig. 3B). Dimensions, 347.5–431.0 (385.3) x 9.7–12.3 (11.2) µm. Diancistras I (Fig. 3C), common, shaft slightly contorted, surface smooth, thin fimbriae (fringe/edge) along entire surface of the bended inner shaft, except around notch and sometimes at mid point, 139.5–163.0 (153.5) x 14.9–17.9 (16.5) µm in shaft width. Diancistras II (Fig. 3D), rare, shaft contorted, fimbriae along entire surface of the bended inner shaft, except in the middle, 28.1–36.3 (33.5) x 1.7–2.5 (1.9) µm in shaft width. Sigmas (Fig. 3E), common, elongated, 51.4–63.7 (55.9) x 1.5–2.6 (1.9) µm in shaft width.</p><p>Etymology. Specific epithet ( mamoi) refers to a nickname “Mamo” of Mr. Mamoru Sekifuji, the captain of R / V ‘Rinkai-maru’, who operated the sample collection of the present species.</p><p>Origin of Japanese name. New Japanese vernacular name: Mamo-kaimen is proposed herein. “Kaimen” is sponge in Japanese.</p><p>Remarks. The possession of stylote megascleres and diancistra microscleres properly attributes our specimen to the subgenus Vomerula . Up to now, a total of twelve species of Hamacantha (Vomerula) have been recorded globally (Van Soest et al., 2018). Three species, H. (V.) acerata Lévi, 1993, H. (V.) carteri Topsent, 1904 and H. (V.) esperioides Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886 are comparable to H. (V.) mamoi sp. nov. by their spicule composition: styles as megascleres, two types of diancistras, and one type of sigmas as microscleres.</p><p>The smaller category of diancistras of H. (V.) acerata was treated as “sigmancistra” by Leví (1993). However, it has fimbriae (knife-like edges) at both the apices and on the inner bended shaft (see Lévi, 1993: Fig. 13A), and thus it should be considered as a diancistra. H. (V.) acerata has larger diancistras (190–200 µm vs 139.5–163.0 µm, 42–45 vs 28.1–36.3 µm), and much smaller sigmas (18 µm vs 51.4–63.7 µm) than those of H. (V.) mamoi sp. nov.</p><p>Hamacantha (V.) carteri has much larger styles (700–800 µm vs 347.5–431.0µm in length) and much smaller sigmas (20 µm vs 51.4–63.7 µm in length) (Hajdu, 1994) than those of H. (V.) mamoi sp. nov. Smaller “diancistras” of the two types of diancistras in H. (V.) carteri seems to lack fimbriae on the inner side of the shaft (Hajdu, 1994), and thus might be regarded as cyrtancistra-like diancistras, which is also different from the authentic diancistras of H. (V.) mamoi sp. nov.</p><p>Hamacanta (V.) esperioides also has much larger styles (700 µm vs 347.5–431.0 µm in length), much smaller sigmas (38µm vs 51.4–63.7µm in length), and relatively larger diancistras I (177µm vs 139.5–163.0µm in length) than those of H. (V.) mamoi sp. nov.</p><p>The three species are also geographically distant from H. (V.) mamoi sp. nov.: there is one record of H. (V.) acerata from deep-water New Caledonia (Lévi, 1993), H. (V.) carteri from Azores (Topsent, 1904), and H. (V.) esperioides from both sides of the Atlantic (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886, 1887; Lévi, 1963; Uriz, 1987, 1988, Hajdu, 2002).</p><p>Comparison with H. (V.) umisachii sp. nov. will be carried below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/780387B0605FFFBFC798FEF3FC3A41A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ise, Yuji;Woo, Sau Pinn;Tan, Shau Hwai;Fujita, Toshihiko	Ise, Yuji, Woo, Sau Pinn, Tan, Shau Hwai, Fujita, Toshihiko (2019): First record of Hamacantha (Porifera, Demospongiae, Merliida, Hamacanthidae) from Japan, with description of two new species. Zootaxa 4657 (3): 474-482, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.3.3
780387B06059FFBCC798FC0FFE274369.text	780387B06059FFBCC798FC0FFE274369.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hamacantha (Vomerula) umisachii Ise & Woo & Tan & Fujita 2019	<div><p>Hamacantha (Vomerula) umisachii sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 4–5</p><p>Materials examined. Holotype NSMT–Po–2488. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.6519&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.18202" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.6519/lat 33.18202)">Off Hachijo-jima</a>, Tokyo, Japan, 33º11.387′N – 139º38.623′E to 33º10.921′N – 139º39.114′E (Fig. 1), 778– 682 m depth, collected by R / V ‘Tansei-maru’, chain bag dredge, 26 November 2007, in ethanol.</p><p>Description of holotype. External morphology. Very thinly encrusting sponge, about 8 x 4 mm and less than 1 mm thick, attached on volcanic rock, consisting of easily detachable dermal membrane. (Fig. 4A). Color in life not recorded, white in ethanol. The specimen was carefully detached from the substrate, and preserved in ethanol.</p><p>Skeleton. Ectosomal skeleton consists of a loose tangential reticulation of styles (Figs. 4B, C). Styles also make bouquets with points outward in the ectosome (Figs. 4B, C). Microscleres sparsely distributed in between spicule tracts in ectosome. Choanosomal skeleton couldn’t be precisely observed because the sponge was very thin and fragile, but consists of all spicule types. Of these, diancistras mostly attach on style bundles (Fig. 4D).</p><p>Spicules. Skeleton consists of stylote megascleres, and two types of diancistras, and one type of sigmas as microscleres (Fig. 5).</p><p>Styles (Figs. 5A, B), smooth, straight or slightly curved, subtly fusiform, sharply pointed at one extremity, 248.8–357.3 (310.8) x 7.5–11.5 (9.5) µm.</p><p>Diancistras I (Fig. 5C), smooth, contorted with the other apex in a perpendicular plane, having thin fimbriae bearing only at the bended inner part of apices and in between the notches except middle part of the shaft where it is rounded due to absence of fimbriae, notch relatively large. Dimensions, 157.7–206.8 (177.1) x 10.5–16.0 (12.5) µm in shaft width.</p><p>Diancistras II (Figs. 5D, E), with cyrtancistra-like shape, smooth, fimbriae bearing only at the bended inner part of apices (Fig. 5E), rest of the shaft rounded, 48.0–75.1 (58.5) x 4.4–8.6 (6.1) µm in shaft width.</p><p>Sigmas (Fig. 5F), smooth, elongated, 29.4–36.0 (32.3) x 1.5–1.8 (1.6) µm in shaft width.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet ( umisachii) is derived from “Umisachi-hiko”, a god of the sea and fisherman in Japanese mythology. “Umisachi-hiko” was bequeathed a magic hook from his father but one day his younger brother lost it in the ocean. A magic hook of “Umisachi-hiko” is here associated to diancistra, characteristic hooklike microscleres of Hamacantha species because it contains the meaning of hook (Greek: ancistra).</p><p>Origin of Japanese name. New Japanese vernacular name: Umisachi-kaimen is proposed herein. Etymology of “Umisachi” is explained above, and “kaimen” is sponge in Japanese. The Japanese names “Umisachi-kaimenzoku” is proposed for the genus Hamacantha (“zoku” is genus in Japanese) and “Umisachi-kaimen-ka” for the family Hamacanthidae (“ka” is family in Japanese).</p><p>Remarks. Some spicules of Hamacantha (Vomerula) species might be regarded as diancistras with cyrtancistra-like shape, as observed in H. (V.) umisachii sp. nov. Additional species bearing such spicules are compared to the new species below.</p><p>The smaller “diancistras” of the two types of diancistras in H. (V.) carteri lack fimbriae on the bended inner side (Hajdu, 1994), and seems like cyrtancistra shape. However H. (V.) carteri has much larger styles (700–800 µm vs 248.8–357.3 µm), smaller diancistras (110–150 vs 157.7–206.8 µm), smaller cyrtancistra-like diancistras (27 µm vs 48.0– 75.1 µm), and smaller sigmas (20 µm vs 32.3–36.0 µm).</p><p>The “strongly curved sigmancistras” of H. (V.) forcipulata Lévi, 1993 might be regarded as cyrtancistra-like diancistras. Spicules of H. (V.) forcipulata are styles, diancistras, “strongly curved sigmancistras”, and slender sigmas, according to its original description (Lévi, 1993: Fig.13C). However, Lévi (1993) might have erroneously mentioned diancistras in etymology and remarks part. He explained etymology of this species as “Latin forceps, forceps. This is connected with the form of the diancistras” and remarks as “This sponge has distinctive sigmoid diancistras, unknown to the other Hamacantha ”. However, the description about diancistra is simple as “Diancistras: 120–170 µm / 35 µm: both ends are in different planes”, and thus doesn’t match the shape of forceps. We inferred that Lévi’s mention about diancistra in etymology and remarks is not about the diancistras, but clearly about the “strongly curved sigmancistra”. Lévi (1993) himself possibly had the impression that “strongly curved sigmancistra” is a kind of special diancistra. H. (V.) umisachii sp. nov. and H. (V.) forcipulata can be differentiated by the shape of their cyrtancistra-like diancistras, the dimensions of the styles (248.8–357.3 vs 370–460 µm), and of the sigmas (29.4–36.0 vs 25 µm).</p><p>The other cases of possession of cyrtancistra-like diancistra in Hamacantha have recently been reported from H. (V.) jeanvaceleti Castello-Branco &amp; Hajdu, 2018, H. (V.) klausruetzleri Castello-Branco &amp; Hajdu, 2018, and H. (Zygherpe) desmacelloides Hajdu, Hooker and Willenz, 2015 . Hamacantha (V.) jeanvaceleti totally differs from H. (V.) umisachii sp. nov. by having two types of cyrtancistra-like diancistras. H. (V.) klausruetzleri also totally differs from H. (V.) umisachii sp. nov. by having strongyles, two types of cyrtancistra-like diancistras, and two types of sigmas. Both species totally lack authentic diancistras, which are present in H. (V.) umisachii sp. nov. (Fig. 5C). Hamacantha (Z.) desmacelloides and H. (V.) umisachii sp. nov. are primarily separated by the shape of their megascleres, the diagnostic character of subgenera of Hamacantha: style for subgenus Vomerula, and tylostyle for sub- genus Zygherpe (Hajdu et al., 2015) . Furthermore H. (Z.) desmacelloides can be separated from H. (V.) umisachii sp. nov. by having two types of sigmas with microspined apices, and for lacking authentic diancistras.</p><p>Lastly, H. (V.) mamoi sp. nov., described above, lacks cyrtancistra-like diancistras (Fig. 5D), and has larger styles (347.5–431.0 µm vs 248.8–357.3 µm) and larger sigmas (51.4–63.7 µm vs 29.4–36.0 µm) when contrasted to H. (V.) umisachii sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/780387B06059FFBCC798FC0FFE274369	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ise, Yuji;Woo, Sau Pinn;Tan, Shau Hwai;Fujita, Toshihiko	Ise, Yuji, Woo, Sau Pinn, Tan, Shau Hwai, Fujita, Toshihiko (2019): First record of Hamacantha (Porifera, Demospongiae, Merliida, Hamacanthidae) from Japan, with description of two new species. Zootaxa 4657 (3): 474-482, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.3.3
