taxonID	type	description	language	source
7F2E9F5DFFAA9C6EFF063838060CFAEC.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12.0 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14.0 " E, 480 m, 22.07.2020 (M. Enayatnia); South Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♂ (DPPZ), Birjand, Nehbandan, 31 ° 32 ' 35.7 " N 60 ° 02 ' 12.3 " E, 7.10.2021 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Fars, Kerman, Razavi Khorasan. New records for Sistan & Baluchistan and South Khorasan (the easternmost records).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFAA9C6EFF063838060CFAEC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mediterranean (Spain, North Africa) to Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFAA9C6EFF0639A1048FF8DF.taxon	description	Figs 1 A, 2 A ‒ C	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFAA9C6EFF0639A1048FF8DF.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Razavi Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Mazdavand, Mozdouran (Mazdavand) Cave, 36 ° 09 ' 05 " N 60 ° 32 ' 59 " E, 19.06.2022 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFAA9C6EFF0639A1048FF8DF.taxon	discussion	Comment. Brignoliolus Ovchinnikov, 1999 was originally described as a subgenus of Coelotes Blackwall, 1841. It was recently elevated to the full genus status (Zonstein & Marusik 2024). This is the first record of the Coelotinae in Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFAA9C6EFF0639A1048FF8DF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from all five Central Asian countries: Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan (Mikhailov 2024).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA99C6DFF06386B0767FA83.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: South Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Birjand, Nehbandan, 31 ° 32 ' 35.7 " N 60 ° 02 ' 12.3 " E, 25.06.2022 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA99C6DFF06386B0767FA83.taxon	distribution	Records in Iran. Alborz, Kermanshah, Tehran, West Azerbaijan. New record for South Khorasan. Distribution. Trans-Palaearctic.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA99C6DFF06398A07F1F9C7.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Hirmand, 31 ° 10 ' N 61 ° 38 ' E, 16.05.2020 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA99C6DFF06398A07F1F9C7.taxon	distribution	Records in Iran. Golestan, Hormozgan, Kerman, Markazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Yazd, Zanjan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan. Distribution. Africa and West Palaearctic.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA99C6BFF063AD60476F8BB.taxon	description	Figs 3 A ‒ E, 4 A ‒ B	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA99C6BFF063AD60476F8BB.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Chabahar, 25 ° 18 ' 17 " N 60 ° 38 ' 37 " E, 30 m, 20.03.2020 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA99C6BFF063AD60476F8BB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia to Japan. New to Iran (the northernmost record in West Palaearctic).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFAE9C68FF06390E0184F83E.taxon	description	Figs 5 C, 6 A ‒ B	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFAE9C68FF06390E0184F83E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (ZMUT), IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: Chabahar, 25 ° 18 ' 17 " N 60 ° 38 ' 37 " E, 30 m, 22.07.2020 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFAE9C68FF06390E0184F83E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a Latin adjective meaning ‘ small’, referring to this species being the smallest known in the genus.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFAE9C68FF06390E0184F83E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species resembles C. iranicum Esyunin & Zamani, 2020 in the general shape of the bulbal structures, but differs by its smaller size (length of carapace 1.55 vs. 2.3), and having a long, very thin tegular apophysis (Tg) with a hook-shaped tip (vs. the tegular apophysis straight and wide) (cf. Fig. 6 A and Esyunin & Zamani 2020: fig. 3 d). Additionally, the two species differ in the position of the cymbial retrolateral hump (Ch), which is shallower and located by the mid-part of the tegulum in the new species (vs. more prominent and positioned by the anterior part of the tegulum).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFAE9C68FF06390E0184F83E.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 5 C. Total length 3.25. Carapace 1.55 long, 1.00 wide. Eye sizes: AME: 0.11, ALE: 0.09, PME: 0.08, PLE: 0.08. Carapace, chelicerae, sternum, labium, maxillae, palps and legs faint fawn. Chelicerae without teeth. Abdomen pale beige, with very faint median band. Spinnerets pale beige. Measurements of legs: I: 8.04 (2.00, 0.70, 2.18, 2.04, 1.12), II: 4.01 (1.10, 0.49, 1.00, 0.95, 0.47), III: 2.91 (0.82, 0.39, 0.62, 0.72, 0.36), IV: 4.44 (1.22, 0.47, 1.02, 1.27, 0.46). Palp as in Fig. 6 A ‒ B; tibia long, ~ 4 x longer than wide, 1.45 x shorter than cymbium, with 1 retroventral apophysis (Rv); cymbium long, ~ 2.7 x longer than wide, tip ~ 1 / 3 of cymbial length, with small hump (Ch) by mid-part of tegulum, spur (Cys) relatively short (= width of cymbium); bulb oval, 1.4 x longer than wide; tegular apophysis (Tg) longer than 1 / 2 of tegular length, thread-like with hooked tip; conductor (Cd) broad, rounded anteriorly; embolus filamentous, originates at ~ 2 o’clock position and terminates at ~ 11: 30. Female. Unknown.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFAE9C68FF06390E0184F83E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Sistan & Baluchistan, southeastern Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA39C67FF063C900109FAEF.taxon	description	Figs 2 I ‒ J, 5 A ‒ B, 7 A ‒ C	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA39C67FF063C900109FAEF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ and paratype 1 ♀ (ZMUT), IRAN: South Khorasan Prov.: Birjand, Behdan, 32 ° 44 ' 56 " N 59 ° 22 ' 29 " E, 2000 m, 25.06.2021 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA39C67FF063C900109FAEF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a Latin adjective meaning ‘ monster’.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA39C67FF063C900109FAEF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male palp of the new species is similar to that of C. pelasgicum (C. L. Koch, 1837) but differs in having a relatively longer cymbial tip (length / width ratio of approximately 2 vs. 1.5), a relatively longer tibia (length / width ratio of 4 vs. 3), and a more bent cymbial spur (cf. Fig. 7 A ‒ B and Seropian et al. 2023: figs 1 ‒ 2). The female of the new species is also similar to C. pelasgicum in the shape of the epigynal atrium but is unique among congeners in having sac-like structures (Sc) in the anterior part of the endogyne (Fig. 2 I ‒ J), which are absent in all other related species.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA39C67FF063C900109FAEF.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 5 A. Total length 8.25. Carapace 3.80 long, 2.75 wide. Eye sizes: AME: 0.21, ALE: 0.18, PME: 0.16, PLE: 0.15. Carapace, chelicerae, labium and maxillae reddish brown, cheliceral base black distally; sternum light brown. Chelicerae each with 5 retromarginal teeth and 1 conical basal hump on inner margin (Fig. 7 C). Palps and legs buff yellow; cymbium and distal parts of tarsi dark brown. Abdomen light brown, dorsally with brown median band forming chevrons at posterior half. Spinnerets pale beige. Measurements of legs: I: 20.95 (5.56, 1.63, 5.85, 5.44, 2.47), II: 14.04 (3.76, 1.41, 3.73, 3.74, 1.40), III: 10.82 (3.05, 1.23, 2.42, 3.00, 1.12), IV: 14.82 (4.18, 1.44, 3.41, 4.40, 1.39). Palp as in Fig. 7 A ‒ B; tibia 4 x longer than wide, tibial apophysis longer than tibia wide; cymbium ~ 3 x longer than wide, with cymbial fold occupying 2 / 3 of cymbial length, cymbial spur almost as long as tibia; bulb oval, 1.7 x longer than wide; tegular apophysis filamentous, almost straight, roundly bent terminally; conductor long, almost as long as bulb, with pointed tip; embolus originates at ~ 11: 00 o’clock position. Female (paratype). Habitus as in Fig. 5 B. Total length 8.25. Carapace 3.80 long, 2.75 wide. Eye sizes: AME: 0.21, ALE: 0.18, PME: 0.16, PLE: 0.15. Carapace light brown; chelicerae, labium and maxillae reddish brown; sternum brown, with light brown median stripe. Chelicerae each with 3 pro- and 1 retromarginal teeth. Palps and legs yellowish brown, tarsi dark brown distally. Abdomen greyish beige, dorsally with brown median band at anterior half having pale yellow bands at sides, ventrally with two pale yellow bands. Spinnerets beige. Measurements of legs: I: 18.87 (5.02, 1.76, 4.92, 5.00, 2.17), II: 12.29 (3.41, 1.47, 3.10, 3.28, 1.03), III: 9.71 (2.74, 1.28, 2.08, 2.54, 1.07), IV: 14.31 (4.03, 1.49, 3.29, 4.14, 1.36). Epigyne as in Fig. 2 I ‒ J; epigynal plate 1.5 x wider than long, fovea subtrapezoidal with rounded corners, wider anteriorly; insemination ducts (Id) forming 1 coil; anterior part of endogyne with subtriangular sacs (Sc); receptacles elongate, slightly thinner than sacs.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA39C67FF063C900109FAEF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality in South Khorasan, eastern Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA39C65FF0639A00184FEF8.taxon	description	Figs 2 G ‒ H, 5 D	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA39C65FF0639A00184FEF8.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀ (ZMUT), IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: Nimruz, Talab, 31 ° 08 ' 29.0 " N 61 ° 19 ' 29.0 " E, 30 m, 7.04.2021 (F. Minab).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA39C65FF0639A00184FEF8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition, referring to a dialect continuum of the Persian language spoken by Sistani people in Iran and Afghanistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA39C65FF0639A00184FEF8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The female of the new species is somewhat similar to that of C. campestre Lohmander, 1944 in having several coils of insemination ducts anterior to the fovea. However, it differs by having elongated receptacles (Re) rather than round ones (cf. Fig. 2 G and Hänggi & Stäubli 2012: fig. 4).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA39C65FF0639A00184FEF8.taxon	description	Description. Female (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 5 D. Total length 4.67. Carapace 2.50 long, 1.75 wide. Eye sizes: AME: 0.15, ALE: 0.14, PME: 0.12, PLE: 0.13. Carapace and sternum yellowish brown; chelicerae, labium and maxillae light brown. Chelicerae each with 2 pro- and 2 retromarginal teeth. Palps and legs light yellow, distally brown. Abdomen pale greyish beige, with faint grey median stripe dorsally. Spinnerets light brown. Measurements of legs: I: 9.83 (2.57, 1.01, 2.46, 2.51, 1.28), II: 6.27 (1.75, 0.83, 1.43, 1.55, 0.71), III: 5.01 (1.43, 0.66, 1.06, 1.26, 0.60), IV: 7.24 (1.94, 0.88, 1.63, 2.09, 0.70). Epigyne as in Fig. 2 G ‒ H; plate ~ 1.25 x wider than long; atrium round; insemination ducts (Id) initially membranous forming 2 coils directed anteriorly, followed by 2 well-sclerotized coils directed toward receptacles; receptacles (Re) elongate. Male. Unknown.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA39C65FF0639A00184FEF8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Sistan & Baluchistan, southeastern Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA19C65FF0639E80785F958.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 15.05.2022 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Fars, Golestan, Kermanshah, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Razavi Khorasan, Tehran, Yazd. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA19C65FF0639E80785F958.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA19C65FF063E6D0184FAEC.taxon	description	Figs 1 B, 2 D ‒ F	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA19C65FF063E6D0184FAEC.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀ (ZMUT), IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 20.02.2022 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA19C65FF063E6D0184FAEC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the historical region of the Middle East, located in eastern Mesopotamia, which is now Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA19C65FF063E6D0184FAEC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species is similar to the generotype, C. praedonius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872, but differs in the insemination ducts not extending anteriorly from the anterior hood (Ah), and the hood smaller and wider than it is long (vs. subtriangular) (cf. Fig. 2 E and Platnick 1991: fig. 12).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA19C65FF063E6D0184FAEC.taxon	description	Description. Female (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 1 B. Total length 4.53. Carapace 2.22 long, 1.83 wide. Eye sizes: AME: 0.17, ALE: 0.14, PME: 0.16, PLE: 0.14. Carapace and chelicerae dark reddish brown; sternum yellowish brown; labium and maxillae light brown. Chelicerae without teeth. Palps and legs yellowish brown. Abdomen dorsally black, at posterior half with greyish beige heart-shaped pattern, ventrally greyish beige. Spinnerets greyish beige. Measurements of legs: I: 10.31 (2.73, 0.94, 2.52, 2.22, 1.90), II: 9.96 (2.66, 0.94, 2.39, 2.17, 1.80), III: 8.23 (2.26, 0.72, 1.88, 2.00, 1.37), IV: 11.37 (3.12, 0.87, 2.63, 3.00, 1.75). Epigyne as in Fig. 2 D ‒ F; epigynal plate almost as long as wide; anterior hood (Ah) wider than long; fenestra (Fe) semiround, with well-sclerotized mesal part; insemination ducts visible through tegument, with thin sub transversal ducts (Td), and thick parts forming X-shaped figure. Male. Unknown.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA19C65FF063E6D0184FAEC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Sistan & Baluchistan, southeastern Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA19C65FF063D9501ADFDA0.taxon	discussion	Comment. This is a small family comprising only two genera. Cithaeron O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 currently includes seven known species, all of which are well-illustrated and properly described (WSC 2025).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA19C62FF063B7D0184FB7C.taxon	description	Figs 8 A ‒ F, 9 A ‒ B	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA19C62FF063B7D0184FB7C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (ZMUT) and paratype 1 ♀ (ZMUT), IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 25.07.2020 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA19C62FF063B7D0184FB7C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the extremely long chelicerae of the male.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA19C62FF063B7D0184FB7C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species is most similar to the generotype, A. anguiniceps (Simon, 1899). The male of A. longichela sp. nov. differs from that of A. anguiniceps in having relatively shorter chelicerae (carapace / chelicera length ratio of 1.67 vs. 1.4) (cf. Fig. 8 C and Mertens & Jocqué 1982: fig. 3), a significantly longer palpal tibia, and in the tip of the conductor bent and directed retrolaterally (vs. abrupt). Additionally, the conductor has a spine-like outgrowth (Cs) on the dorsal side of the posterior arm (vs. absent) (cf. Fig. 9 A ‒ B and Mertens & Jocqué 1982: fig. 4). The females of both species exhibit no distinct differences, at least in the shape of the epigyne.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA19C62FF063B7D0184FB7C.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 8 A ‒ C. Total length 2.80. Carapace 1.40 long, 0.43 wide at pars cephalica, 0.80 at pars thoracica. Eye sizes: AME: 0.06, ALE: 0.06, PME: 0.07, PLE: 0.06. Carapace and chelicerae dark reddish brown; sternum, labium and maxillae light brown, sternum with median and marginal grey stripes. Chelicerae extremely long, basal segment 0.98, with 2 – 3 promarginal teeth. Palps and legs yellow, cymbium light brown, legs with a few dark ventral spots. Abdomen pale beige with white guanine patches, dorsally with black Xshaped pattern anteriorly and 6 irregular patches posteriorly, ventrally with paired greyish and black stripes medially and at sides of epigastric region. Spinnerets pale beige. Measurements of legs: I: 3.56 (1.15, 0.32, 0.93, 0.70, 0.46), II: 2.93 (0.92, 0.29, 0.71, 0.63, 0.38), III: 2.25 (0.75, 0.26, 0.45, 0.48, 0.31), IV: 2.52 (0.80, 0.25, 0.60, 0.56, 0.31). Palp as in Fig. 9 A ‒ B; tibia 2 x longer than wide in lateral view, with distinct retrolateral tibial apophysis (Ra) and pair of dorsal ctenidia (Dc); cymbium 1.7 x longer than wide, with short tip; conductor with 2 arms, anterior arm terminates at ~ 1: 00 o’clock position, posterior arm with tip (Ct) bent retrolaterally and with dorsal spine-like process (Cs); embolus with large base, embolus proper originates at ~ 7: 30 o’clock position, broad, tip unmodified. Female (paratype). Habitus as in Fig. 8 D. Total length 2.60. Carapace 0.80 long, 0.65 wide. Eye sizes: AME: 0.06, ALE: 0.06, PME: 0.06, PLE: 0.06. Pars cephalica light brown with long white setae, pars thoracica dark brown; chelicerae, sternum, labium and maxillae light brown, sternum with median and marginal grey stripes. Chelicerae with 2 – 3 promarginal teeth. Palps and legs yellow, legs with a few dark ventral spots; calamistrum uniseriate. Abdomen dark grey with white patches. Spinnerets beige; cribellum entire (Fig. 8 F). Measurements of legs: I: 2.29 (0.63, 0.21, 0.55, 0.53, 0.37), II: 1.98 (0.63, 0.21, 0.49, 0.39, 0.26), III: 1.62 (0.53, 0.20, 0.30, 0.36, 0.23), IV: 2.10 (0.70, 0.24, 0.47, 0.44, 0.25). Epigyne as in Fig. 8 E; weakly sclerotized, with distinct transversal ridges (Tr) and mesal margins of copulatory openings (Co); copulatory openings spaced by almost 1 / 2 of transversal ridges length.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA19C62FF063B7D0184FB7C.taxon	discussion	Comments. Unfortunately, the epigyne was damaged during the clearing process, and as a result, the shape of the structures of the endogyne remains unknown. The type species, A. anguiniceps, and the new species described here, are considerably different from all other species currently placed within the genus. Both species have very long chelicerae and a distinctively elongate cephalic region, whereas all other species in the genus possess short chelicerae and cephalic region, resembling those found in Dictyna Sundevall, 1833.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA19C62FF063B7D0184FB7C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Sistan & Baluchistan, southeastern Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA69C62FF06391101F6F8C8.taxon	description	Fig. 10 A ‒ C	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA69C62FF06391101F6F8C8.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype ♀ (ZMUT), IRAN: Razavi Khorasan Prov.: Mashhad, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 36 ° 18 ' N 59 ° 31 ' E, 11.07.2023 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA69C62FF06391101F6F8C8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to this species being one of the smallest known spiders from Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA69C62FF06391101F6F8C8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species differs from the congeners by its minute size (length of carapace 0.47 vs.> 1).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA69C62FF06391101F6F8C8.taxon	description	Description. Female. Habitus as in Fig. 10 A. Total length 1.20. Carapace 0.47 long, 0.50 wide. Eye sizes: AME: 0.05, ALE: 0.05, PME: 0.04, PLE: 0.05. Carapace, chelicerae, sternum, labium and maxillae faint yellow. Palps and legs very pale beige. Abdomen beige. Spinnerets pale beige. Measurements of legs: I: missing, II: 1.33 (0.40, 0.13, 0.32, 0.26, 0.22), III: 1.00 (0.28, 0.11, 0.30, 0.20, 0.11), IV: 1.70 (0.47, 0.20, 0.42, 0.35, 0.26). Epigyne as in Fig. 10 B ‒ C; plate ~ 2 x wider than long, receptacles visible through tegument; receptacles (Re) transversal, oval, spaced by almost 2 lengths; insemination ducts (Id) short and broad. Male. Unknown.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA69C62FF06391101F6F8C8.taxon	discussion	Comment. This species almost certainly does not belong to Devade Simon, 1885; it is tentatively placed in this genus until the collection of males clarifies its generic position.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA69C62FF06391101F6F8C8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Razavi Khorasan, northeastern Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA59C61FF06395307EFF9FE.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Razavi Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Chenaran, Kenan 2 Cave, 36 ° 34 ' 03 " N 59 ° 04 ' 18 " E, 29.06.2022 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan). Records in Iran. East Azerbaijan, Fars, Golestan, Ilam, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad, Lorestan, Razavi Khorasan, Sistan & Baluchistan, Tehran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA59C61FF06395307EFF9FE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Libya and Malta to Tajikistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA59C61FF063A9F07CBF8DE.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 7.09.2021 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA59C61FF063A9F07CBF8DE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA49C60FF063C90018AFE7F.taxon	description	Figs 11 C, 12 E ‒ G	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA49C60FF063C90018AFE7F.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 23.04.2021 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA49C60FF063C90018AFE7F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Caucasus to Kazakhstan and Mongolia. New to Iran (the southernmost record).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA49C60FF063E1F0611FD5F.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 7.05.2022 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA49C60FF063E1F0611FD5F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Morocco to the Caucasus and Kazakhstan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA49C60FF063F3F077DFB93.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 2 ♀ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 1.06.2022 (M. Enayatnia); South Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Birjand, Nehbandan, 31 ° 32 ' 35.7 " N 60 ° 02 ' 12.3 " E, 480 m, 5.06.2022 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Ardabil, Kermanshah, Markazi. New records for Sistan & Baluchistan and South Khorasan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA49C60FF063F3F077DFB93.taxon	distribution	Distribution. West Palaearctic.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA49C60FF06387B00D2FAD7.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♀ (DPPZ), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 7.09.2021 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Alborz, East Azerbaijan, Fars, Isfahan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, Zanjan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA49C60FF06387B00D2FAD7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. North Africa to Central Asia. Introduced to Hawaii, USA, Mexico, South Africa, India, China.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA49C60FF0639C706EAF937.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 7.05.2022 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Razavi Khorasan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA49C60FF0639C706EAF937.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Western and Central Europe to western Turkmenistan	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA49C60FF063AE7070EF817.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Chabahar, 25 ° 18 ' 17 " N 60 ° 38 ' 37 " E, 30 m, 2017 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Bushehr, Hormozgan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFA49C60FF063AE7070EF817.taxon	distribution	Distribution. North Africa to India.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB99C7DFF063C9006A6FE30.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Hirmand, 31 ° 10 ' N 61 ° 38 ' E, 480 m, 22.07.2020 (M. Enayatnia); 2 ♀ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 10.05.2022 (M. Enayatnia); South Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Birjand, Nehbandan, 31 ° 32 ' 35.7 " N 60 ° 02 ' 12.3 " E, 480 m, 10.05.2021 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Razavi Khorasan. New records for Sistan & Baluchistan and South Khorasan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB99C7DFF063C9006A6FE30.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cape Verde, West Palaearctic (Canary Is. to Central Asia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB99C7DFF063DDC0760FD10.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: South Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Birjand, Nehbandan, 31 ° 32 ' 35.7 " N 60 ° 02 ' 12.3 " E, 1560 m, 5.06.2022 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Isfahan, Kerman, Mazandaran, Razavi Khorasan, Tehran. New record for South Khorasan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB99C7DFF063DDC0760FD10.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Circum-Holarctic.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB99C7DFF063EFC0641FC70.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♀ (DPPZ), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 7.09.2021 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Razavi Khorasan, Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB99C7DFF063EFC0641FC70.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Iran, Turkmenistan, eastern Ciscaspia.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB99C7DFF06381C062FFB50.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 11.06.2023 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. East Azerbaijan, Isfahan, Razavi Khorasan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB99C7DFF06381C062FFB50.taxon	distribution	Distribution. West Palaearctic. Introduced to North America.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB99C7DFF06393C070AF9B0.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Razavi Khorasan Prov.: 2 ♀ 1 ♂ 6 juv. (ZMUT), Mazdavand, Mozdouran (Mazdavand) Cave, 36 ° 09 ' 05 " N 60 ° 32 ' 59 " E, 19.06.2022, 29.08.2024 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan). Records in Iran. Kurdistan, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Tehran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB99C7DFF06393C070AF9B0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Caucasus to Xinjiang.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB99C7CFF063A5C0184FD84.taxon	description	Figs 11 D, 12 H ‒ I	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB99C7CFF063A5C0184FD84.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀ (ZMUT), IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 21.12.2020 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB99C7CFF063A5C0184FD84.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to Sakastan, meaning “ the land of the Saka, ” from which the name “ Sistan ” is derived.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB99C7CFF063A5C0184FD84.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species is similar to T. farsensis Zamani & Marusik, 2024, T. fervidus Simon, 1893 and T. sumericus Zamani & Marusik, 2022 in having a similar endogyne: bulbous receptacles (Rb) posteriorly and vertically subparallel, anteriorly-oriented heads (Rh) (Fig. 12 I). It differs from all three species by lacking an anterior hood (cf. Fig. 12 H, Zamani et al. 2024: fig. 7 F, Levy 1999 b: fig. 14 and Zamani & Marusik 2022: 1 B).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB99C7CFF063A5C0184FD84.taxon	description	Description. Female (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 11 D. Total length 6.28. Carapace 3.20 long, 2.35 wide. Eye sizes: AME: 0.10, ALE: 0.12, PME: 0.10, PLE: 0.11. Carapace, sternum, chelicerae, labium and maxillae yellowish brown. Chelicerae each with 3 pro- and 2 retromarginal teeth. Palps and legs yellowish brown, slightly darker distally. Abdomen and spinnerets beige. Measurements of legs: I: 9.63 (2.65, 1.6, 2.35, 1.85, 1.18), II: 8.65 (2.40, 1.44, 2.0, 1.74, 1.07), III: 7.86 (2.11, 1.17, 1.52, 2.02, 1.04), IV: 10.44 (2.75, 1.38, 2.16, 2.96, 1.19). Epigyne as in Fig. 12 H ‒ I; epigynal plate as long as wide, epigyne lacking distinct fovea and hoods / margins; receptacles with large bases (Rb) and distinct heads (Rh); heads bent at right angle and subparallel; heads separated by almost their width; receptacles span 2 x wider than their length. Male. Unknown.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB99C7CFF063A5C0184FD84.taxon	discussion	Comment. The generic placement of the new species is tentative and should be re-evaluated upon the collection of the conspecific male.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB99C7CFF063A5C0184FD84.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Sistan & Baluchistan, southeastern Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB89C7CFF063E8900DDFA47.taxon	description	Figs 11 A ‒ B, 12 A ‒ D	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB89C7CFF063E8900DDFA47.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: South Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Birjand, Chahkandan, 32 ° 44 ' 04 " N 59 ° 06 ' 26 " E, 1540 m, 1.06.2021 (F. Minab); 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Birjand, Nehbandan, 31 ° 32 ' 35.7 " N 60 ° 02 ' 12.3 " E, 480 m, 25.06.2021 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB89C7CFF063E8900DDFA47.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The endogyne of T. hamipalpis is most similar to those of T. poonaensis (Tikader, 1982) and T. senilis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) in having similarly shaped receptacles, ~ 2.6 x longer than wide. However, it differs from both species by having larger globular structures (Gs), which are ~ 3.5 x thinner than the receptacles (vs.> 4 x) (cf. Fig. 12 D, Sankaran et al. 2020: fig. 3 C and Kovblyuk & Tuneva 2009: fig. 5). For the male, see Fomichev & Marusik (2021).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB89C7CFF063E8900DDFA47.taxon	description	Description. Female. Habitus as in Fig. 11 B. Total length 10.40. Carapace 3.70 long, 2.55 wide. Eye sizes: AME: 0.19, ALE: 0.18, PME: 0.14, PLE: 0.15. Carapace, sternum, chelicerae, labium and maxillae reddish brown. Chelicerae with slightly raised prolateral keel. Palps and legs reddish brown, darker distally. Abdomen beige, with faint median band. Spinnerets light brown. Measurements of legs: I: 7.32 (2.14, 1.38, 1.54, 1.42, 0.84), II: 7.34 (2.06, 1.38, 1.57, 1.36, 0.97), III: 6.92 (1.88, 1.17, 1.36, 1.59, 0.92), IV: 8.94 (2.37, 1.39, 1.82, 2.41, 0.95). Epigyne as in Fig. 12 C ‒ D; plate 1.2 x longer than wide, with small, posteriorly located fovea; anterior hood absent; receptacles long and almost straight, ~ 2.6 x longer than wide, posteriorly contiguous, mesally with globular structures (Gs) almost contiguous. Male. Habitus as in Fig. 11 A. See Fomichev & Marusik (2021) and CoŞar et al. (2024).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB89C7CFF063E8900DDFA47.taxon	discussion	Comment. The female of this species is described here for the first time.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB89C7CFF063E8900DDFA47.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Previously known from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. New to Iran (the southeasternmost record).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB89C7CFF063A48064AF8A7.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Hirmand, 31 ° 10 ' N 61 ° 38 ' E, 480 m, 4.08.2017 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Mazandaran, Tehran, West Azerbaijan, Yazd. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB89C7CFF063A48064AF8A7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. West Palaearctic, east to Turkmenistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFBC9C78FF0639C301B3F810.taxon	description	Figs 13 A ‒ B, 14 A ‒ B, 15 E ‒ H, 16 A ‒ C	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFBC9C78FF0639C301B3F810.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 30.04.2022, 7.05.2022 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFBC9C78FF0639C301B3F810.taxon	discussion	Comment. Based on the structure of the male palp, this species belongs to the puritanus group. It was overlooked by Fomichev & Marusik (2021) as a member of this group and was not included in their listing. Although the species has been described in several publications, details of the male palpal structures have never been illustrated. Therefore, we provide detailed photographs here. Records in Iran. Hormozgan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan (the easternmost record).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFBC9C78FF0639C301B3F810.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mediterranean to Iran. Introduced to Hawaii, USA, Mexico, Peru, Ascension Is.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB39C77FF063C9005A5FE53.taxon	description	Fig. 17 A ‒ D	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB39C77FF063C9005A5FE53.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 2 ♀ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 1.06.2022 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB39C77FF063C9005A5FE53.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southeastern Iran to Indonesia (Borneo) and Australia. New to Iran (the northwesternmost record).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB39C76FF063A480617FF6C.taxon	description	Figs 13 C ‒ D, 14 C ‒ D, 15 A ‒ D, 16 D ‒ F	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB39C76FF063A480617FF6C.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 2.05.2020 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB39C76FF063A480617FF6C.taxon	discussion	Comment. This species belongs to the puritanus group (Fomichev & Marusik 2021). Similar to Z. laetus, its palp has never been illustrated in detail, particularly the dorsal side of the bulb. This species differs from all Zelotes sensu lato by its distinctive abdominal pattern — a longitudinal brown band that is, apparently, absent in other congeners. Records in Iran. Ilam, Kurdistan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB39C76FF063A480617FF6C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Western Palaearctic to Uzbekistan, Africa.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB29C76FF063ED107F0FC54.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Razavi Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Mashhad, Moghan Vil., 36 ° 07 ' N 59 ° 22 ' E, 16.07.2023 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan). Records in Iran. Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, East Azerbaijan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Ilam, Isfahan, Kermanshah, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad, Kurdistan, Lorestan, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Qazvin, Razavi Khorasan, Tehran, West Azerbaijan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB29C76FF063ED107F0FC54.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Balkans to northwest China.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB29C76FF0638390648FA88.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Razavi Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Mashhad, Kang Vil., 36 ° 19 ' N 59 ° 13 ' E, 3.07.2023 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan). Records in Iran. Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, North Khorasan, Qazvin, Tehran, West Azerbaijan. New record for Razavi Khorasan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB29C76FF0638390648FA88.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Romania to Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB29C76FF0639840767F920.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Hirmand, 31 ° 10 ' N 61 ° 38 ' E, 480 m, 1.08.2020 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Alborz, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, East Azerbaijan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamedan, Ilam, Isfahan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Lorestan, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Qazvin, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, West Azerbaijan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB29C76FF0639840767F920.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Trans-Palaearctic.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB29C76FF063D690755FD84.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♀ (DPPZ), Nimruz, Talab, 31 ° 08 ' 29 " N 61 ° 19 ' 29 " E, 30 m, 8.04.2021 (F. Minab). Records in Iran. Alborz, Semnan, Sistan & Baluchistan, Tehran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB29C76FF063D690755FD84.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Spain to Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB29C76FF063AED077DF843.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: North Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Bojnurd, Bidak Cave, 37 ° 26 ' N 57 ° 13 ' E, 13.05.2021 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan); Razavi Khorasan Prov.: 2 ♂ (ZMUT), Mashhad, Kardeh Vil., 36 ° 39 ' N 59 ° 40 ' E, 4.07.2022, 17.08.2023 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan). Records in Iran. East Azerbaijan, Golestan, Hamedan, Ilam, Isfahan, Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Lorestan, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Qazvin, Razavi Khorasan, Tehran, West Azerbaijan, Zanjan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB29C76FF063AED077DF843.taxon	distribution	Distribution. West Palaearctic.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB19C75FF063A140721F890.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Razavi Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Mashhad, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 36 ° 18 ' N 59 ° 31 ' E, 11.07.2023 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan). Records in Iran. Alborz, East Azerbaijan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamedan, Ilam, Isfahan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad, Kurdistan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Qazvin, Qom, Razavi Khorasan, South Khorasan, Tehran, West Azerbaijan, Zanjan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB19C75FF063A140721F890.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Balkans to Afghanistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB19C75FF063C900647FE14.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Razavi Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♀ 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Mashhad, near to Kardeh Vil., Aal Cave 36 ° 40 ' N 59 ° 39 ' E, 13.05.2023, 24.05.2024 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan); 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Mashhad, Kardeh Vil., Kardeh (Hezar Dalan) Cave, 36 ° 40 ' N 59 ° 40 ' E, 8.07.2022 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan); 8 ♂ 2 ♀ (ZMUT), Bazangan Vil., Karkas Cave, 36 ° 18 ' N 60 ° 22 ' E, 27.06.2024 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan). Records in Iran. Hamedan, Kermanshah. New record for Razavi Khorasan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB19C75FF063C900647FE14.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ireland and France to western Siberia.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB19C75FF063DF8061EFD4B.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Razavi Khorasan Prov.: 2 ♂ 16 ♀ 3 juv. (ZMUT), Mashhad, Moghan Vil., Moghan Cave, 36 ° 09 ' N 59 ° 22 ' E, 23.05.2022 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan); North Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♂ 4 ♀ 3 juv. (ZMUT), Shirvan, Lojali Vil., Poustin-Douz Cave, 37 ° 38 ' N 57 ° 52 ' E, 17.05.2022 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan). Records in Iran. Kerman. New records for North Khorasan and Razavi Khorasan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB19C75FF063DF8061EFD4B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Trans-Palaearctic, east to Russian Far East.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB19C75FF063F440776FB8F.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Razavi Khorasan Prov.: 3 ♀ (ZMUT), Bajestan, Yunesi Vil., Hamid Cave, 34 ° 44 ' N 58 ° 27 ' E, 4.06.2022 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan). Records in Iran. Fars, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad, West Azerbaijan. New record for Razavi Khorasan (the easternmost record).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB19C75FF063F440776FB8F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB19C75FF0638800741FAC3.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Razavi Khorasan Prov.: 3 ♀ 2 juv. (ZMUT), Bazangan Vil., Bazangan Cave, 36 ° 18 ' N 60 ° 227 ' E, 28.05.2022 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan). Records in Iran. Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, Gilan, Golestan, Lorestan, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Tehran. New record for Razavi Khorasan (the easternmost record).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB19C75FF0638800741FAC3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Caucasus, Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB09C74FF063C90062FFEDC.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: South Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Birjand, Nehbandan, 31 ° 32 ' 35.7 " N 60 ° 02 ' 12.3 " E, 2017 m, 25.06.2021 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Kerman, Razavi Khorasan. New record for South Khorasan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB09C74FF063C90062FFEDC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. United Arab Emirates, southern Iran to Bhutan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB09C74FF063DB00776FD13.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 28.06.2020 (M. Enayatnia); 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Hirmand, 31 ° 10 ' N 61 ° 38 ' E, 480 m, 1.08.2020 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Fars, Kerman, Razavi Khorasan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan (the easternmost record).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB09C74FF063DB00776FD13.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB09C74FF063EFC07BCFC54.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: South Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Birjand, Nehbandan, 31 ° 32 ' 35.7 " N 60 ° 02 ' 12.3 " E, 2017 m, 25.06.2021 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Fars, Hormozgan, Isfahan, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Razavi Khorasan, Sistan & Baluchistan. New record for South Khorasan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB09C74FF063EFC07BCFC54.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Egypt to South Asia, Central Asia.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB09C74FF0638380786F90A.taxon	description	Figs 18 A ‒ C, 19 A ‒ D	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB09C74FF0638380786F90A.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Hirmand, 31 ° 10 ' N 61 ° 38 ' E, 480 m, 23.06.2022 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB09C74FF0638380786F90A.taxon	discussion	Comment. Hogna effera has three junior synonyms and has been placed in seven different genera. It was originally described by Roewer (1955) from Iran under three different names: Geolycosa altera Roewer, 1955 (♀), Geolycosa atroscopulata Roewer, 1955 (♂) and Lycorma nigrichelis Roewer, 1955 (♂ ♀). Although this species was well illustrated by Logunov (2020), some features were not shown, such as the tip of the cymbium with two ‘ claws’, and the dissected bulb was never illustrated from different angles. Therefore, we provide figures of the palp and habitus of a freshly collected specimen, showing the characteristic carapace pattern and leg spination. Records in Iran. Alborz, East Azerbaijan, Fars, Golestan, Hormozgan, Isfahan, Kerman, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad, Kurdistan, Mazandaran, Semnan, South Khorasan, Tehran. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan (the easternmost record).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB09C74FF0638380786F90A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Greece to Iran, south to Socotra.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB09C74FF063B0301EBF84F.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 18 ♂ 12 ♀ (DPPZ), Zahak, 30 ° 53 ' 33.1 " N 61 ° 40 ' 19.8 " E, 1420 m, 9.05.2020 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kermanshah, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad, Kurdistan, Lorestan, Mazandaran, Razavi Khorasan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB09C74FF063B0301EBF84F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Macaronesia, North Africa and Southern Europe to East and Southeast Asia.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB79C73FF0639340702F9B8.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: South Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Birjand, Chahkandan, 32 ° 44 ' 04.0 " N 59 ° 06 ' 26.0 " E, 1540 m, 2.06.2021 (F. Minab). Records in Iran. Isfahan, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, South Khorasan, Tehran, Zanjan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB79C73FF0639340702F9B8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Caucasus to Sichuan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB79C73FF063A54010EF898.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12.0 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14.0 " E, 480 m, 23.08.2023 (M. Enayatnia); 1 ♀ (DPPZ), Zahak, 30 ° 53 ' 33.1 " N 61 ° 40 ' 19.8 " E, 1420 m, 10.02.2021 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Fars, Hormozgan, Khuzestan, Mazandaran, Tehran. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB79C73FF063A54010EF898.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Algeria to Afghanistan, south to India. Introduced to USA, Mexico.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB59C71FF063C900776FEDF.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: North Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Shirvan, Lojali Vil., Poustin-Douz Cave, 37 ° 38 ' N 57 ° 52 ' E, 17.05.2022 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan). Records in Iran. Kermanshah. New record for North Khorasan (the northeasternmost record).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB59C71FF063C900776FEDF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB59C71FF06391007F1F994.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12.0 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14.0 " E, 480 m, 22.07.2020 (M. Enayatnia); 1 ♂ (ZMUT), same locality, 11.06.2021 (M. Enayatnia); South Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Birjand, Nehbandan, 31 ° 32 ' 35.7 " N 60 ° 02 ' 12.3 " E, 480 m, 25.06.2021 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Isfahan, Kermanshah, Markazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Tehran. New records for Sistan & Baluchistan and South Khorasan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB59C71FF06391007F1F994.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mediterranean to Tajikistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB59C71FF063A78077DF82C.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: South Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Birjand, Haji Abad, 33 ° 00 ' 18.0 " N 59 ° 18 ' 55.0 " E, 2000 m, 1.06.2021 (F. Minab). Records in Iran. Alborz, East Azerbaijan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamedan, Isfahan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad, Kurdistan, Lorestan, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, South Khorasan, Tehran, West Azerbaijan, Zanjan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB59C71FF063A78077DF82C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. West Palaearctic.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB59C71FF063DB00778FC80.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Razavi Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 juv. (ZMUT), Chenaran, Aghol Cave, 36 ° 33 ' N 59 ° 04 ' E, 1.07.2022 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan); 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Mashhad, Moghan Vil., Moghan Cave, 36 ° 09 ' N 59 ° 22 ' E, 23.05.2022 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan); 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Bazangan Vil., Bazangan Cave, 36 ° 18 ' N 60 ° 227 ' E, 28.05.2022 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan); 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Mashhad, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 36 ° 18 ' N 59 ° 31 ' E, 11.07.2023 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan); 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Mashhad, Kang Vil., 36 ° 19 ' N 59 ° 13 ' E, 3.07.2023 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan); 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Bazangan Vil., Karkas Cave, 36 ° 18 ' N 60 ° 22 ' E, 27.06.2024 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan); North Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Faruj, Mayvan Vil., 37 ° 13 ' N 58 ° 02 ' E, 29.06.2023 (M. Mehrafrooz Mayvan). Records in Iran. Razavi Khorasan. New record for North Khorasan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB59C71FF063DB00778FC80.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Iran, Kazakhstan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB59C71FF063F8C0600FBC4.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♀ (DPPZ), Hirmand, 31 ° 10 ' N 61 ° 38 ' E, 480 m, 4.08.2017 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Fars, Kerman, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Sistan & Baluchistan, South Khorasan, Tehran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB59C71FF063F8C0600FBC4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Iran, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB49C70FF063CD80184FB8F.taxon	description	Figs 20 A, 21 A ‒ C	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB49C70FF063CD80184FB8F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀ (ZMUT), IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: Chabahar, 25 ° 18 ' 17.0 " N 60 ° 38 ' 37.0 " E, 30 m, 25.07.2020 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB49C70FF063CD80184FB8F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a Latin adjective meaning ‘ small’, referring to the minute size of the holotype.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB49C70FF063CD80184FB8F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The epigyne of the new species resembles that of P. poecilus (Thorell, 1872), although its endogyne is similar to that of P. margaritatus (Clerck, 1758). It differs from both species in having receptacles as long as the fovea and half as wide (vs. longer than the fovea and either as wide as or wider than the fovea) (cf. Fig. 21 A ‒ C, Baur et al. 2022: fig. 4 D ‒ E and Lecigne et al. 2019: figs 4 A, 5 A).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB49C70FF063CD80184FB8F.taxon	description	Description. Female (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 20 A Total length 2.50. Carapace 1.00 long, 1.08 wide. Eye sizes: AME: 0.08, ALE: 0.05, PME: 0.06, PLE: 0.08. Pars cephalica pale beige with brown spots posteriorly; pars thoracica yellowish brown medially, greyish brown with dark radiating stripes laterally; chelicerae, labium and maxillae yellowish brown; sternum light yellowish brown, mottled. Palps and legs yellowish brown, legs with numerous greyish brown annulations, patches and spots. Abdomen dorsum greyish brown laterally and white submedially, and with greyish brown foliate pattern, venter pale beige. Spinnerets yellowish brown. Measurements of legs: I: 4.31 (1.25, 0.47, 1.17, 0.88, 0.54), II: 6.91 (2.00, 0.70, 1.90, 1.49, 0.82), III: 3.83 (1.23, 0.46, 0.97, 0.75, 0.42), IV: 3.67 (1.18, 0.42, 0.92, 0.71, 0.44). Tibia I with 2 pairs of ventral spines. Epigyne as in Fig. 21 A ‒ C; ~ 1.3 x wider than long; large, well-delimited fovea 1.3 x wider than long and divided by septum (Se), each half bean-shaped; receptacles almost contiguous, slightly thinner than each half of fovea; receptacles and ducts as long as fovea. Male. Unknown.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB49C70FF063CD80184FB8F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Sistan & Baluchistan, southeastern Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB49C70FF06388007FAFA21.taxon	discussion	Comment. Although we do not have material of this species from Iran, our review of regional philodromid species revealed that this species, which is most closely related to Rhysodromus medes Zamani & Marusik, 2021, is incorrectly placed in Philodromus Walckenaer, 1826. Therefore, we transfer it here to Rhysodromus Schick, 1965.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB49C70FF06388007FAFA21.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Israel, United Arab Emirates.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB49C4FFF0639EE0776FD74.taxon	description	Figs 20 E, 21 D ‒ F	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB49C4FFF0639EE0776FD74.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Hirmand, 31 ° 10 ' N 61 ° 38 ' E, 480 m, 2017 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB49C4FFF0639EE0776FD74.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The female differs from other congeners (except R. latrophagus) by the shape of the epigyne, with the posterior half of the fovea being wider than the anterior half (vs. narrower in other species). It also has elongate receptacles that are twice as long as they are wide and closely positioned (vs. receptacles that are either as wide as they are long and spaced apart or 1.5 x longer than wide and contiguous, as in R. xinjiangensis (Tang & Song, 1987); see Szita & Logunov 2008: figs 46). Additionally, the female has an elongate abdomen with the posterior part wider than the anterior and bearing a pair of angular projections (vs. an abdomen that is wider anteriorly). The epigyne and abdomen of females of R. latrophagus and R. medes are nearly indistinguishable, though the males show clear differences in the palp. Rhysodromus medes has a posterior part of the epigyne that is as long as the anterior (vs. shorter) and distinct accessorial glands (vs. indistinct) (cf. Fig. 21 D ‒ F and Levy 1999 a: figs 20, 21). For male, see Zamani & Marusik (2021).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB49C4FFF0639EE0776FD74.taxon	description	Description. Female. Habitus as in Fig. 20 E. Total length 4.56. Carapace 1.90 long, 1.65 wide. Eye sizes: AME: 0.08, ALE: 0.07, PME: 0.07, PLE: 0.09. Carapace, chelicerae, sternum, labium and maxillae brown; pars cephalica with irregular pale beige stripes, pars thoracica marginally and medially lighter. Palps and legs yellowish brown, palpal tarsi brown. Abdomen greyish beige, mottled, dorsally with 2 posterior angular projections, ventrally with 2 faint pale lateral bands. Spinnerets light brown, with brush of setae anteriorly. Measurements of legs: I: 6.16 + missing Ta (2.18, 0.94, 1.67, 1.37, missing), II: 7.65 + missing Ta (2.62, 1.06, 2.17, 1.80, missing), III: missing, IV: Fe 2.65, Pa 0.73, others missing. Epigyne as in Fig. 21 D ‒ F; plate almost as long as wide; fovea elongate, with anterior 1 / 2 thinner than posterior one, posterior 1 / 2 square-shaped; receptacles elongate, 2 x longer than wide, tapering posteriorly, with accessorial glands (Ag) located prolaterally at middle part. Male. See Zamani & Marusik (2021).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB49C4FFF0639EE0776FD74.taxon	discussion	Comment. This species was previously known based on the holotype male only. Records in Iran. Hormozgan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan (the easternmost record).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFFB49C4FFF0639EE0776FD74.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8B9C4FFF063F190641FBF6.taxon	description	Figs 20 D, 21 G ‒ I	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8B9C4FFF063F190641FBF6.taxon	materials_examined	Material. South Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Birjand, Nehbandan, 31 ° 32 ' 35.7 " N 60 ° 02 ' 12.3 " E, 480 m, 5.06.2022 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8B9C4FFF063F190641FBF6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Central Asia to Xinjiang. New to Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8B9C4FFF06389805A5F9F8.taxon	description	Figs 20 B, 21 J ‒ L, 22 C ‒ D	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8B9C4FFF06389805A5F9F8.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 2.05.2020 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8B9C4FFF06389805A5F9F8.taxon	discussion	Comment. The habitus and pattern of this species are documented here for the first time. The width of the retrolateral tibial apophysis and the course of the sperm duct in the Iranian specimen differ slightly from those in the holotype male illustrated by Levy (1999 a), with the Iranian specimen having a wider apophysis.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8B9C4FFF06389805A5F9F8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Previously known from Israel and the United Arab Emirates. New to Iran (the easternmost record).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8B9C4FFF063A9507BFF8D8.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12.0 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14.0 " E, 480 m, 7.09.2021 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Isfahan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan (the easternmost record).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8B9C4FFF063A9507BFF8D8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Israel, United Arab Emirates, Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8A9C4BFF063AA60184FD10.taxon	description	Figs 20 C, 22 A ‒ B	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8A9C4BFF063AA60184FD10.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (ZMUT), IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14 " E, 480 m, 6.04.2020 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8A9C4BFF063AA60184FD10.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Pavel E. Tikhmenev (Magadan. Russia), a friend of YMM.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8A9C4BFF063AA60184FD10.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male palp of the new species resembles those of R. halophilus (Levy, 1977), R. timidus (Szita & Logunov, 2008) and R. xinjiangensis. It differs from R. halophilus by having a nearly indistinct, tiny tegular apophysis (Tg) and a conductor (Cd) that is as wide as it is long (vs. distinct tegular apophysis and a conductor that is longer than it is wide) (cf. Fig. 22 A and Levy 1977: fig. 32). It differs from R. timidus by the tip of the retrolateral tibial apophysis (Ra), which is bent backward (vs. not bent), a meandering sperm duct within the embolus (vs. straight), and a tip of the embolus that is not sharply pointed (vs. pointed) (cf. Fig. 22 A ‒ B and Szita & Logunov 2008: figs 33, 34). The male palp of R. tikhmenevi sp. nov. differs from that of R. xinjiangensis by having a thinner embolus, a shorter anterior loop (Al) of the sperm duct, and a bent tip of the tibial apophysis (vs. unbent) (cf. Fig. 22 A ‒ B and Szita & Logunov 2008: figs 36, 37).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8A9C4BFF063AA60184FD10.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 20 C. Total length 3.50. Carapace 1.60 long, 1.47 wide. Eye sizes: AME: 0.08, ALE: 0.08, PME: 0.06, PLE: 0.07. Carapace medially and marginally pale beige, laterally light brown, mottled and with paired white patches; chelicerae, sternum, labium and maxillae yellowish brown; sternum laterally and posteriorly mottled. Palps and legs yellowish brown, cymbium brown, legs mottled and with faint brown markings. Abdomen pale beige, dorsum with dark grey foliate pattern anteriorly and 2 converging dentate grey bands posteriorly. Spinnerets yellowish brown. Measurements of legs: I: 9.14 (2.51, 0.83, 2.34, 2.12, 1.34), II: 12.27 (3.23, 1.01, 3.24, 2.96, 1.83), III: 6.89 (2.04, 0.71, 1.71, 1.54, 0.89), IV: 7.53 (2.27, 0.71, 1.94, 1.72, 0.89). Palp as in Fig. 22 A ‒ B; tibia 1.25 x longer than wide, retrolateral tibial apophysis (Ra) small, as long as wide, with pointed tip directed dorsally; cymbium elongate, ~ 2.3 x longer than wide, tip long, ~ 1 / 3 of cymbial length, with 1 spine anteriorly from bulb and another prolaterally; bulb oval, ~ 1.8 x longer than wide; sperm duct forming 3 distinct loops, posterior, anterior (Al) and prolateral; tegular apophysis (Tg) very small, almost indistinct, conductor located dorsal to embolus, with rounded tip, almost as wide as long; embolus with large base, tip slightly bent, not sharply pointed. Female. Unknown.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8A9C4BFF063AA60184FD10.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Sistan & Baluchistan, southeastern Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8F9C4BFF0638810788FAEC.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DPPZ), Nimruz, Talab, 31 ° 08 ' 29.0 " N 61 ° 19 ' 29.0 " E, 30 m, 24.05.2021 (F. Minab). Records in Iran. Kerman. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8F9C4BFF0638810788FAEC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Egypt, Yemen, Iran, Afghanistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8F9C4BFF0639A1067DF9CC.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Zahak, 31 ° 02 ' 12.0 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14.0 " E, 1420 m, 9.04.2021 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Kerman. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8F9C4BFF0639A1067DF9CC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Iran, Central Asia (exept for Tajikistan).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8F9C4BFF063AC100C8F82C.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Zabol, 30 ° 53 ' 33.1 " N 61 ° 40 ' 19.8 " E, 480 m, 21.06.2021 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Golestan, Mazandaran, Razavi Khorasan, Sistan & Baluchistan, Tehran, Zanjan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8F9C4BFF063AC100C8F82C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Eastern Africa to India and Indonesia, Caucasus to China. Introduced to Australia (Queensland).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8F9C4BFF063EFD0760FC54.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12.0 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14.0 " E, 480 m, 7.09.2021 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Alborz, Fars, Golestan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Isfahan, Kermanshah, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Tehran, Zanjan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8F9C4BFF063EFD0760FC54.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Circum-Holarctic.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8E9C4AFF063C900601FE30.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: South Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Birjand, Chahkandan, 32 ° 44 ' 04.0 " N 59 ° 06 ' 26.0 " E, 1540 m, 2.06.2021 (F. Minab). Records in Iran. Alborz, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, East Azerbaijan, Fars, Ilam, Isfahan, Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Lorestan, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Razavi Khorasan, Tehran, Zanjan. New record for South Khorasan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8E9C4AFF063C900601FE30.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Greece and Egypt to western Turkmenistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8E9C4AFF063DDC01A2FD10.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12.0 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14.0 " E, 480 m, 7.05.2022 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Hormozgan, Kurdistan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8E9C4AFF063DDC01A2FD10.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Iran to Xinjiang, Central Asia (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen (?).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8E9C4AFF063EFC065BFC70.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♀ (DPPZ), Nimruz, Talab, 31 ° 08 ' 29.0 " N 61 ° 19 ' 29.0 " E, 30 m, 24.05.2021 (F. Minab). Records in Iran. Razavi Khorasan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan (southernmost locality).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8E9C4AFF063EFC065BFC70.taxon	distribution	Distribution. From Northern Caucasus to Xinjiang.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8E9C4AFF06381C075BFB50.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Kerman Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Dahaneh-ye Gomrokan, 28 ° 37 ' N 58 ° 03 ' E, 17.07.2022 (M. Najafi, N. Mehni). Records in Iran. Khuzestan. New record for Kerman.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8E9C4AFF06381C075BFB50.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Libya to India.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8E9C4AFF06393C075CF9B0.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 2 ♀ (DPPZ), Chabahar, 25 ° 18 ' 17.0 " N 60 ° 38 ' 37.0 " E, 30 m, 18.10.2021 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Isfahan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8E9C4AFF06393C075CF9B0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Iran, Pakistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8E9C4AFF063A5C05E7F8D2.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 9 ♂ 7 ♀ (DPPZ), Chabahar, 25 ° 18 ' 17.0 " N 60 ° 38 ' 37.0 " E, 30 m, 22.07.2020 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Golestan, Hormozgan, Isfahan, Kerman, Khuzestan, Mazandaran, Tehran. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8E9C4AFF063A5C05E7F8D2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Africa. Introduced to both Americas, Europe, Middle East, Nepal, South Asia, Australia, Pacific Is.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8D9C49FF063FA807DAFB18.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: South Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Birjand, Nehbandan, 31 ° 32 ' 35.7 " N 60 ° 02 ' 12.3 " E, 480 m, 25.06.2021 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Alborz, Bushehr, East Azerbaijan, Fars, Hormozgan, Ilam, Isfahan, Markazi, North Khorasan, Qazvin, Razavi Khorasan, South Khorasan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8D9C49FF063FA807DAFB18.taxon	distribution	Distribution. North Africa to Tajikistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8D9C49FF063E4007DDFCAC.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: South Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♂ (DPPZ), Birjand, Behdan, 32 ° 44 ' 56.0 " N 59 ° 22 ' 29.0 " E, 2000 m, 25.06.2021 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Isfahan, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, Tehran. New record for South Khorasan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8D9C49FF063E4007DDFCAC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Caucasus to Central Asia.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8D9C49FF0638F40760FA5C.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: South Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Birjand, Behdan, 32 ° 44 ' 56.0 " N 59 ° 22 ' 29.0 " E, 2000 m, 5.06.2022 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Alborz, Gilan, Golestan, Hamedan, Isfahan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Razavi Khorasan, Tehran, Zanjan. New record for South Khorasan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8D9C49FF0638F40760FA5C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Circum-Holarctic.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8D9C49FF063A300770F89D.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Tehran Province: 1 ♀ (JAZM), Tehran, 35 ° 43 ' N 51 ° 25 ' E, 10.2013 (A. Zamani). Records in Iran. Hormozgan, Razavi Khorasan, Tehran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8D9C49FF063A300770F89D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Morocco to Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8D9C49FF063C90005CFE14.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Chabahar, 25 ° 18 ' 17.0 " N 60 ° 38 ' 37.0 " E, 30 m, 22.07.2020 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Alborz, Ardabil, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamedan, Hormozgan, Isfahan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khuzestan, Kurdistan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Qom, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, Zanjan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8D9C49FF063C90005CFE14.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mediterranean and East Africa, Middle East, Central Asia, China, India, Indonesia.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8C9C48FF063C900184FC57.taxon	description	Figs 1 C, 23 A ‒ B	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8C9C48FF063C900184FC57.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀ (ZMUT), IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12.0 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14.0 " E, 480 m, 21.11.2020 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8C9C48FF063C900184FC57.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the pale coloration of the new species.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8C9C48FF063C900184FC57.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species is most similar to S. nobilis (Thorell, 1875) and S. maura. The females of all three species have an abdominal pattern consisted of a white oval shape surrounded by a broad blackish band, a character not found in other congeners in the region. Additionally, they have similar endogynes. However, the new species can be distinguished by its shorter, triangular septum (vs. subtrapezoidal and tongue-shaped in S. maura and parallelsided in S. nobilis, with a more elongated shape in both) (cf. Fig. 23 A and Van Keer et al. 2024: figs 24 C, 26 C). It further differs from S. nobilis by its anteriorly diverging receptacles (vs. converging) (cf. Fig. 23 B and Van Keer et al. 2024: fig. 26 D).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8C9C48FF063C900184FC57.taxon	description	Description. Female (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 1 С. Total length 5.55. Carapace 2.45 long, 2.05 wide. Eye sizes: AME: 0.18, ALE: 0.14, PME: 0.14, PLE: 0.14. Carapace, sternum, labium and maxillae yellowish brown. Chelicerae brown. Palps and legs yellowish brown, legs with faint brown broad darkening on patellae and distal parts of tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi. Abdomen greyish beige, dorsally with black circular marking, ventrolaterally with black scattered markings. Spinnerets brown. Measurements of legs: I: 11.98 (3.47, 1.26, 2.75, 3.12, 1.38), II: 8.68 (2.69, 1.08, 1.80, 2.16, 0.95), III: 6.94 (2.18, 0.96, 1.27, 1.65, 0.88), IV: 10.04 (3.10, 1.26, 2.14, 2.40, 1.14). Epigyne as in Fig. 23; plate 1.4 x wider than long; septum (Se) short triangular; insemination ducts (Id) weakly sclerotized, arch-shaped; receptacles (Re) oval, slightly longer than wide, diverging anteriorly, spaced by 1 / 2 width. Male. Unknown.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8C9C48FF063C900184FC57.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Sistan & Baluchistan, southeastern Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8C9C46FF063B000184FAB4.taxon	description	Fig. 24 A ‒ G	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8C9C46FF063B000184FAB4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (ZMUT) and paratype 1 ♀ (ZMUT), IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12.0 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14.0 " E, 480 m, 25.02.2022 (M. Enayatnia).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8C9C46FF063B000184FAB4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Drangiana, a historical region of the Achaemenid Empire partially located in modern-day southeastern Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8C9C46FF063B000184FAB4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species is similar to Bassaniodes tristrami (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) and B. loeffleri (Roewer, 1955) in the shape of its palp and epigyne. The male can be distinguished by a ventral tibial apophysis (Va) with a short tip and a small tooth (Tt) located anteriorly (vs. posteriorly in B. tristrami and a wider tip in B. loeffleri). Additionally, the intermediate tibial apophysis (Ia) is shorter than the ventral apophysis in the new species, while it is longer in the other two (cf. Fig. 24 F ‒ G, Marusik & Logunov 1990: figs 39 ‒ 40 and Marusik & Logunov 1995: figs 52 ‒ 53). The epigyne of the new species differs from those of the similar species by having a plate that is wider than it is long (vs. longer than wide), with short, kidney-shaped receptacles and short insemination ducts (vs. elongate receptacles, and insemination ducts extending to the anterior edge of the receptacles) (cf. Fig. 24 C ‒ E, Marusik & Logunov 1990: fig. 41 and Marusik & Logunov 1995: fig. 54).	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8C9C46FF063B000184FAB4.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 24 A. Total length 4.25. Carapace 2.20 long, 2.15 wide. Eye sizes: AME: 0.11, ALE: 0.16, PME: 0.08, PLE: 0.14. Carapace very dark reddish brown with black margins, pars cephalica slightly lighter with distinct pale borders; chelicerae yellow, basally dark brown; maxillae and labium brown; sternum yellowish brown with darker margins. Palps and legs yellowish brown; legs I and II with wide and strong dark markings and spots, legs III and IV with considerably less darkening and spots. Abdomen greyish beige, with white and black markings and spots, more numerous on dorsum. Spinnerets brown, apically pale. Measurements of legs: I: 6.48 (1.96, 1.05, 1.36, 1.26, 0.85), II: 6.56 (2.05, 1.04, 1.40, 1.18, 0.89), III: 4.36 (1.44, 0.70, 0.89, 0.74, 0.59), IV: 4.15 (1.35, 0.67, 0.82, 0.76, 0.55). Palp as in Fig. 23 F, G; tibia wider than long, with 3 apophyses: pointed retrolateral (Ra), leaf-shaped intermediate (Ia) and ventral (Va); ventral apophysis bent antero-ectally and bears small tooth-like outgrowth (Tt), its tip not wider than base; cymbium ~ 1.3 x longer than wide, with tutaculum (Tu) located in basal 1 / 3; bulb suboval, ~ 1.4 x longer than wide; tegulum lacking apophyses but with small median outgrowth (Mo); embolus terminates at ~ 3 o’clock position. Female (paratype). Habitus as in Fig. 24 B. Total length 7.85. Carapace 2.77 long, 2.72 wide. Eye sizes: AME: 0.15, ALE: 0.22, PME: 0.10, PLE: 0.17. Coloration generally as in male but lighter, with less distinct abdominal markings and darkening on legs, and with basal part of chelicerae having darkening distally. Measurements of legs: I: 7.43 (2.33, 1.44, 1.48, 1.26, 0.92), II: 7.45 (2.31, 1.37, 1.51, 1.35, 0.91), III: 5.10 (1.67, 0.92, 1.00, 0.78, 0.73), IV: 5.27 (1.75, 0.89, 1.02, 0.89, 0.72). Epigyne as in Fig. 24 C ‒ E; plate oval, ~ 1.3 x wider than long; scape (Sc) small, 2 x wider than long, 1 / 4 of plate width; receptacles (Re) kidney-shaped; insemination ducts (Id) short, 1 / 2 of receptacle length, weakly sclerotized.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8C9C46FF063B000184FAB4.taxon	discussion	Comment. It is possible that the female described here is not conspecific with the male, as its epigyne and endogyne differ significantly from those of the sibling species.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF8C9C46FF063B000184FAB4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Sistan & Baluchistan, southeastern Iran.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF829C46FF063958073FF9E8.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Nimruz, Talab, 31 ° 08 ' 29.0 " N 61 ° 19 ' 29.0 " E, 30 m, 8.04.2021 (F. Minab). Records in Iran. Mazandaran, Qazvin, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, West Azerbaijan, Zanjan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF829C46FF063958073FF9E8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Caucasus to Mongolia.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF829C46FF063AA40767F800.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Kerman Prov.: 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Jiroft, 28 ° 41 ' 25.0 " N 57 ° 43 ' 35.0 " E, 700 m, 21.04.2022 (M. Amiri); South Khorasan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Birjand, Behdan, 32 ° 44 ' 56.0 " N 59 ° 22 ' 29.0 " E, 2000 m, 18.04.2016 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Kerman, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad, Mazandaran, North Khorasan (?), Qazvin, South Khorasan, Tehran, Zanjan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF829C46FF063AA40767F800.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Trans-Palaearctic.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF819C45FF063C90070AFE30.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Hirmand, 31 ° 10 ' N 61 ° 38 ' E, 480 m, 16.05.2020 (M. Enayatnia); 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12.0 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14.0 " E, 480 m, 22.07.2022 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Alborz, Fars, Isfahan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad, Kurdistan, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Razavi Khorasan, Tehran. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF819C45FF063C90070AFE30.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Anatolia to Mongolia.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF819C45FF063E2406AEFC80.taxon	materials_examined	Material. IRAN: Sistan & Baluchistan Prov.: 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Khash Taftan, 28 ° 14 ' 18.0 " N 61 ° 12 ' 25.0 " E, 1420 m, 16.06.2020 (M. Enayatnia); 1 ♀ (ZMUT), Zabol, 31 ° 02 ' 12.0 " N 61 ° 32 ' 14.0 " E, 480 m, 25.06.2021 (M. Enayatnia). Records in Iran. Alborz, Fars, Golestan, Hamedan, Isfahan, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad, Lorestan, North Khorasan, Qazvin, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, West Azerbaijan. New record for Sistan & Baluchistan.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
7F2E9F5DFF819C45FF063E2406AEFC80.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Trans-Palaearctic. Introduced to Cape Verde, South Africa.	en	Zamani, Alireza, Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Mirshekar, Ali, Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Kováč, Ľubomír, Marusik, Yuri M. (2025): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XII. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.1
