identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5831EFC0FFEB5700B1CB3C64023D7CEF.text	5831EFC0FFEB5700B1CB3C64023D7CEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratomyxa dactyloptena Yang & Yang & Chen & Yang & Zhou & Ma & Liu & Zhao 2025	<div><p>Ceratomyxa dactyloptena sp. nov.</p><p>Type host.</p><p>Oriental flying gurnard Dactyloptena orientalis Cuvier, 1829 .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.50861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.242222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.50861/lat 18.242222)">Coastal waters near Sanya</a>, South China Sea (18°14'32"N, 109°30'31"E).</p><p>Infection site.</p><p>Gallbladder.</p><p>Prevalence.</p><p>42.9 % (6 / 14). The infected hosts included 5 adults and 1 subadult.</p><p>Date of sampling.</p><p>15 August 2016.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Syntypes (mounted in glycerin-alcohol-formalin; accession numbers SY 2016081501) and DNA samples (accession numbers SY 2016081501 dna) were deposited in collection center of Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Chongqing, PR China.</p><p>Pathology.</p><p>The parasite was found in the gallbladder of the host with no obvious pathological sign being observed. The damage to the host is unknown.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet dactyloptena refers to the genus of the type host, Dactyloptena.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Immature myxospores at the vegetative stage were observed, displaying irregular shapes with two faintly discernible shell valves, and two polar capsules were distinctly visible (Fig. 2 A). Mature myxospores were crescentic in sutural view, characterized by a slightly concave posterior margin and arched anterior, typical of the genus Ceratomyxa . The two shell valves were smooth, with one valve slightly longer than the other, joined by a thin, straight sutural line passing between the two polar capsules. Polar capsules were pyriform, equal in size, with their tapered ends directed toward the anterior top of the myxospore (Fig. 2 B, C). Mature myxospores (N = 30) measured 30.0 ± 1.3 (27.2–32.8) µm in thickness and 6.4 ± 0.4 (5.7–7.0) µm in length, with a posterior angle of 152.9 ± 3.7 ° (146.2–158.9 °). Two polar capsules (N = 60) were 2.9 ± 0.3 (2.3–3.3) µm in length and 2.4 ± 0.3 (1.7–2.8) µm in width, with polar filaments coiled in 3–4 turns.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Ceratomyxa dactyloptena sp. nov. is the only ceratomyxid identified from D. orientalis and morphologically resembling C. drepanopsettae Awerinzew, 1908, C. macapaensis Bittencourt, 2022, and C. orientalis Dogiel, 1948 . Ceratomyxa drepanopsettae can be readily distinguished from C. dactyloptena sp. nov. by its substantially longer and thicker myxospores (Table 1). Its polar capsules are also larger, and notably spherical, contrasting with the pyriform polar capsules observed in C. dactyloptena sp. nov. (Table 1). Additionally, C. drepanopsettae was described from Pleuronichthys cornutus Temminck &amp; Schlegel, 1846 collected in the Yellow Sea, off Qingdao, China, whereas C. dactyloptena sp. nov. infects D. orientalis and was identified from the South China Sea, off Sanya, China. Ceratomyxa macapaensis, a freshwater species and differs significantly from the new species by its smaller myxospores and smaller polar capsules (Table 1). Although both species possess pyriform polar capsules, their environmental origins clearly separate them: C. macapaensis was discovered in the Piririm River (Brazil), parasitizing Mesonauta festivus Heckel, 1840, while C. dactyloptena sp. nov. is marine and occurs in Chinese coastal waters. Ceratomyxa orientalis possesses considerably longer and thicker myxospores compared to the new species (Table 1). Its polar capsules are also slightly larger (Table 1). Furthermore, C. orientalis was described from Sardinops sagax Jenyns, 1842 in the Sea of Japan (Russia) and clearly differs in both host and locality from C. dactyloptena sp. nov.</p><p>Among all valid Ceratomyxa species recorded in China, C. qingdaoensis Zhao, Al-Farraj, Al-Rasheid &amp; Song, 2015, C. saurida Zhao, Al-Farraj, Al-Rasheid &amp; Song, 2015, and C. hemitriptera Zhao, Al-Farraj, Al-Rasheid &amp; Song, 2015 share some morphological resemblance to C. dactyloptena sp. nov. However, the new species can be reliably distinguished from these species based on a combination of spore dimensions, polar capsule characteristics, host, and locality data. The myxospore length of C. dactyloptena sp. nov. is nearly identical to that of C. qingdaoensis, yet the latter possesses markedly greater spore thickness (Table 1). The polar capsule length of C. qingdaoensis is comparable to that of the new species, but its polar capsules are spherical, whereas those of the new species are pyriform (Table 1). Additionally, C. qingdaoensis exhibits a larger posterior angle than C. dactyloptena sp. nov. and occurs in a different host ( Argyrosomus argentatus Houttuyn, 1872) and locality (Yellow Sea, off Qingdao, China). Ceratomyxa saurida can be distinguished from C. dactyloptena sp. nov. by its larger myxospores and longer polar capsules (Table 1). Similar to C. qingdaoensis, the polar capsules of C. saurida are spherical, contrasting with the pyriform capsules of the new species. The posterior angle of C. saurida is slightly more variable and overlaps partially with that of the new species, but its host ( Saurida elongata Temminck &amp; Schlege, 1846) and distribution (Yellow Sea, off Qingdao, China) are distinct (Table 1). Ceratomyxa hemitriptera is readily separated from C. dactyloptena sp. nov. by having considerably thicker myxospores and larger polar capsules (Table 1). The myxospore length is also greater (Table 1). As with the other two species, C. hemitriptera has spherical polar capsules, while those of C. dactyloptena sp. nov. are pyriform. Moreover, C. hemitriptera infects a different host ( Hemitripterus villosus Pallas, 1814) and is found in a different geographic location (Yellow Sea, off Qingdao, China).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5831EFC0FFEB5700B1CB3C64023D7CEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yang, Chengzhong;Yang, Yuting;Chen, Xue;Yang, Shenghua;Zhou, Yang;Ma, Honggang;Liu, Yang;Zhao, Yuanjun	Yang, Chengzhong, Yang, Yuting, Chen, Xue, Yang, Shenghua, Zhou, Yang, Ma, Honggang, Liu, Yang, Zhao, Yuanjun (2025): Integrative taxonomy and phylogenetic analyses of two Ceratomyxa species (Myxozoa, Ceratomyxidae) from the China Sea, including a new species description. ZooKeys 1250: 359-375, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.149263
4EA8B1AB159252A784948A5FA49F1979.text	4EA8B1AB159252A784948A5FA49F1979.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratomyxa siganicola Zhang, Zhao, Yang & Yang 2019	<div><p>Ceratomyxa siganicola Zhang, Zhao, Yang &amp; Yang, 2019</p><p>Type host.</p><p>Mottled spinefoot Siganus fuscescens Houttuyn, 1782 ( Perciformes, Siganidae) for strain 1 (thereafter called S 1 for short), strain 2 (thereafter called S 2 for short), strain 3 (thereafter called S 3 for short) and strain 5 (thereafter called S 5 for short).</p><p>Other host.</p><p>Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus Peters, 1852 ( Perciformes: Cichlidae) for strain 4 (thereafter called S 4 for short).</p><p>Infection site.</p><p>Gallbladder.</p><p>Date and localities of sampling.</p><p>April 24, 2021 in coastal waters of Xiamen, East China Sea, China (24°28'2"N, 118°4'41"E) for S 1; May 1, 2021 in coastal waters of Xiamen, East China Sea, China (24°27'53"N, 118°4'47"E) for S 2; November 9, 2020 in coastal waters of Fangchenggang, South China Sea, China (21°41'8"N, 108°21'25"E) for S 3; November 9, 2020 in coastal waters of Fangchenggang, South China Sea, China (21°41'27"N, 108°21'3"E) for S 4; August 5, 2021 in coastal waters of Wanning, South China Sea, China (18°45'3"N, 110°27'49"E) for S 5.</p><p>Prevalence.</p><p>66.7 % (8 / 12) for S 1; 33.3 % (5 / 15) for S 2; 25.0 % (2 / 8) for S 3; 33.3 % (6 / 18) for S 4; 40.0 % (10 / 25) for S 5.</p><p>Pathology.</p><p>The parasite is found in the gallbladder of the host. No obvious pathological sign was observed, so the extent of damage to the host remains unknown.</p><p>Deposition of materials.</p><p>Specimens of C. siganicola (mounted in glycerin-alcohol-formalin; accession number XM 2021042401 for S 1, XM 2021050101 for S 2, GX 2020110901 for S 3, GX 2020110902 for S 4, HN 2021080501 for S 5) and DNA (accession number XM- 2021042401 dna for S 1, XM- 2021050101 dna for S 2, GX- 2020110901 dna for S 3, GX- 2020110902 dna for S 4, HN- 2021080501 dna for S 5) were deposited in the collection center of Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Chongqing, PR China.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Immature myxospores in the vegetative stage displayed irregular shapes with two faintly discernible shell valves. Despite the irregular morphology, two polar capsules were clearly visible (Fig. 2 D). Mature myxospores exhibited morphological traits consistent with the genus Ceratomyxa . In side sutural view, myxospores were boat-shaped, with two smooth, symmetrical shell valves terminating in straight, blunt ends. The sutural line was straight and distinct, dividing the myxospore into two equal valves (Fig. 2 E, F). Measurements of mature myxospores (N = 30) revealed a thickness of 19.2 ± 5 (17.7–21.5) µm and a length of 4.8 ± 0.6 (3.8–6.0) µm. The posterior angle was slightly concave, measuring 171.8 ± 3.3 ° (162.7–179.4 °). Each myxospore contained two spherical, equal-sized polar capsules with a diameter of 2.5 ± 0.3 (2.0–3.2) µm and polar filaments with 3–4 coils. The morphological features observed in this sample align with previous descriptions of C. siganicola, particularly with the original description by Zhang et al. (2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4EA8B1AB159252A784948A5FA49F1979	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yang, Chengzhong;Yang, Yuting;Chen, Xue;Yang, Shenghua;Zhou, Yang;Ma, Honggang;Liu, Yang;Zhao, Yuanjun	Yang, Chengzhong, Yang, Yuting, Chen, Xue, Yang, Shenghua, Zhou, Yang, Ma, Honggang, Liu, Yang, Zhao, Yuanjun (2025): Integrative taxonomy and phylogenetic analyses of two Ceratomyxa species (Myxozoa, Ceratomyxidae) from the China Sea, including a new species description. ZooKeys 1250: 359-375, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.149263
