identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7E7B82087B04FFD737A5F8C838F5FB2D.text	7E7B82087B04FFD737A5F8C838F5FB2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mastigusa arietina (Thorell 1871)	<div><p>Mastigusa arietina (Thorell, 1871)</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 4–7, 10, 11, 13–18, 22</p><p>Mastigusa macrophthalma: Deltshev, 1990 [misidentification]; Deltshev et al., 2011 [misidentification]</p><p>Material examined. Bulgaria: 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.3248&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.7877" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.3248/lat 41.7877)">Pirin Mts.</a>, 41.7877, 23.3248, Pinus forest, under stone, 23 August 2023, leg. Viktor StřeštÍk (CVS) ; 1♀ (DD196), Sofia Basin, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.25959&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.85854" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.25959/lat 42.85854)">Balsha Village</a> 42.85854, 23.25959, xerothermic grassland, inside a Messor sp. ant nest under a stone, 15 March 2024, leg. Simeon Indzhov (NMNHS) ; 1♂, Vitosha Mts., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.240805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.65573" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.240805/lat 42.65573)">Knyazhevo</a> 42.65573, 23.240804, old growth Pinus forest plantation, under stone, 12 November 2024, leg. Simeon Indzhov (NMNHS) ; 1♀ (DD200), Belasitsa Mts., above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.1853&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.3414" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.1853/lat 41.3414)">Kongura Hut</a>, 41.3414, 23.1853, Fagus forest, pitfall trap, 15 November 2024, leg. Vihra Haynadzhieva (NMNHS) ; 1 ♀ (DD194), Sofia Basin, Sofia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.33653&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.67644" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.33653/lat 42.67644)">Seminary Wall</a> 42.67644, 23.33653, 30 January 2025, leg. Simeon Indzhov (NMNHS) ; 3♂♂ (DD193), 1 ♀ (DD195), Black Sea Coast, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.71162&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.6657" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.71162/lat 42.6657)">Nessebar</a> 42.66570, 27.71162, beach, in a rotting log, 17 November 2024, leg. Galin Ivanov (NMNHS). (https:// www.inaturalist.org/observations/251684457) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Diameter of conductor of male palp above 1.5 mm; conductor diameter / cephalothorax length ratio&gt;1 (see Castellucci et al. 2024), RTA with a hook-shaped tip and VTA long and thin (Figs 5, 7). Female vulva approximately 0.33 mm long, copulatory ducts with multiple dense coils and wide lumen (Figs 13, 16). Posterior eyes variable but small, usually separated by at least one eye diameter (Figs 1, 2, 10, 11).</p><p>Remarks. This species is currently known from several localities in Bulgaria, primarily located in the Western part of the country, with the exception of the somewhat different population from the Black Sea coast (Fig. 22). However, the territory of Bulgaria has not been completely sampled and further faunistic research is needed. The species is generally considered myrmecophilous but most individuals we collected were not found near ant nests, except specimen DD196 from the vicinity of Balsha, which was found in the nest of Messor cf. structor . The male from Knyazhevo was found under a stone, not near an ant nest. As the area has been searched by the first author multiple times over the years, this species may be generally subterranean and difficult to find, with only wandering males occasionally being found under stones. Nests of black-coloured Lasius sp ( Formicidae: Formicinae) were found in the general area. It is also unclear whether the specimen from the Pirin Mts. was found in an ant nest, as the collector does not recall observing ants at the collection spot. Both male specimens were found in pine forests/ plantations. The specimen from the city of Sofia was walking on the outer wall of a building in broad daylight, so it was presumably disturbed and was not in its typical microhabitat. As the old and forest-covered park Borisova Gradina is in the immediate vicinity, it is likely a population exists there.</p><p>Although the individuals from Western Bulgaria fit into the clade containing the other European specimens in the tree, the ones from the Black Sea coast form a distinct subclade but are still within the M. arietina clade (DD193 + DD195; Fig. 23). The support for this subclade is very low. There are subtle differences in the male palp morphology, with a more curved VTA and a longer and slimmer CdP (Figs 6, 7), more similar to M. diversa (Figs 8, 9) than to the typical M. arietina (Figs 4, 5). No other differences were observed, neither in the shape of the RTA, nor in the female morphology or eye size (Figs. 10, 11, 13–18), between this population and the typical M. arietina . Given that Castellucci et al. (2024) did not split the genetically much more distinct populations from Georgia and Finland into separate species, we consider these differences a polymorphism until further material, ideally from a broader area is available.</p><p>FIGURES 13–21. Female genitalia. 13–18. M. arietina . 19–21. M. macrophthalma . 13, 16, 19 epigyna; 14, 17, 20 vulva ventral, 15, 18, 21 vulva dorsal. Scale line: 0.2 mm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E7B82087B04FFD737A5F8C838F5FB2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Indzhov, Simeon;Haynadzhieva, Vihra;Střeštík, Viktor;Dimitrov, Dragomir;Dimitrov, Dimitar	Indzhov, Simeon, Haynadzhieva, Vihra, Střeštík, Viktor, Dimitrov, Dragomir, Dimitrov, Dimitar (2025): We have two of them: A review of the genus Mastigusa (Araneae: Cybaeidae) in Bulgaria. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 579-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.7
7E7B82087B03FFD737A5FB5B39D4F885.text	7E7B82087B03FFD737A5FB5B39D4F885.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mastigusa macrophthalma (Kulczynski 1897)	<div><p>Mastigusa macrophthalma (Kulczyński, 1897)</p><p>Figs 3, 8, 9, 12, 19–21, 22</p><p>? Mastigusa macrophthalma: Deltshev &amp; Blagoev, 1992 [not examined]</p><p>Material examined. Bulgaria: 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.38246&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.13906" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.38246/lat 43.13906)">West Balkan Mts.</a>, near Druzhevo Vill. 43.13906, 23.38246, Fagus forest, 18 September 2022, leg. Simeon Indzhov (CSI) ; 1♂, 1♀ (pair, female DD198), 3♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.504&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.1654" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.504/lat 43.1654)">West Balkan Mts.</a>, Vrachanski Balkan, Borov Kamak 43.1654, 23.5040, Fagus forest, 24 September 2022, leg. Simeon Indzhov (NMNHS, CSI) ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.38098&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.08916" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.38098/lat 43.08916)">West Balkan Mts.</a>, near Gara Lakatnik 43.08916, 23.38098, Carpinus-Quercus forest, 07 September 2023, leg. Simeon Indzhov (CSI); (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/185178787) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Diameter of conductor of male palp below 1.5 mm; conductor diameter / cephalothorax length ratio &lt;1 (see Castellucci et al. 2024), RTA with a blunt tip (Fig. 9). Female vulva approximately 0.27 mm long, copulatory ducts with less dense coils and narrower lumen than in arietina (Figs 20, 21). Posterior eyes variable but usually large separated by less than one eye diameter (Figs 3, 12)</p><p>Remarks. This species likely shows a contiguous distribution in Bulgaria across the karstic parts of the West Balkan Mt. (Fig. 22). There it lives on the forest floor of Carpinus and Fagus forests under stones and can be locally common. None of the specimens observed were found in ant nests.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E7B82087B03FFD737A5FB5B39D4F885	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Indzhov, Simeon;Haynadzhieva, Vihra;Střeštík, Viktor;Dimitrov, Dragomir;Dimitrov, Dimitar	Indzhov, Simeon, Haynadzhieva, Vihra, Střeštík, Viktor, Dimitrov, Dragomir, Dimitrov, Dimitar (2025): We have two of them: A review of the genus Mastigusa (Araneae: Cybaeidae) in Bulgaria. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 579-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.7
