taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
29DC42C0559A5DFB9D51CD9777AF8DE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285148	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure3	Figure 3. Pholcus chaoyang sp. nov., holotype male. A, B Palp (A prolateral view, arrow points at prolatero-ventral protrusion B retrolateral view, arrow points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at prolatero-subdistal membranous edge, arrow 2 points at sclerotized apophysis, arrow 3 points at distal apophysis D dorsal view, arrow 1 points at distal edge, arrows 2, 3 point at dorsal spines). Abbreviations: b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B); 0.10 mm (C, D).	Figure 3. Pholcus chaoyang sp. nov., holotype male. A, B Palp (A prolateral view, arrow points at prolatero-ventral protrusion B retrolateral view, arrow points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at prolatero-subdistal membranous edge, arrow 2 points at sclerotized apophysis, arrow 3 points at distal apophysis D dorsal view, arrow 1 points at distal edge, arrows 2, 3 point at dorsal spines). Abbreviations: b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B); 0.10 mm (C, D).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
29DC42C0559A5DFB9D51CD9777AF8DE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285149	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure4	Figure 4. Pholcus chaoyang sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H). A Epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C bulbal apophyses, prolateral view, arrow points at “ pseudo-appendix ” D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, fa = frontal apophysis, kn = knob, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A – D); 1.00 mm (E – H).	Figure 4. Pholcus chaoyang sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H). A Epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C bulbal apophyses, prolateral view, arrow points at “ pseudo-appendix ” D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, fa = frontal apophysis, kn = knob, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A – D); 1.00 mm (E – H).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
29DC42C0559A5DFB9D51CD9777AF8DE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285145	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure1	Figure 1. Distribution records of new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. 1. P. chaoyang sp. nov. 2. P. hebei sp. nov. 3. P. huludao sp. nov. 4. P. jinzhou sp. nov. 5. P. liaoning sp. nov. 6. P. qin sp. nov. Red shading from left to right in the insert indicates the Lüliang Mountains, the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains, the Changbai Mountains, and the Taebaek-Sobaek Mountains.	Figure 1. Distribution records of new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. 1. P. chaoyang sp. nov. 2. P. hebei sp. nov. 3. P. huludao sp. nov. 4. P. jinzhou sp. nov. 5. P. liaoning sp. nov. 6. P. qin sp. nov. Red shading from left to right in the insert indicates the Lüliang Mountains, the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains, the Changbai Mountains, and the Taebaek-Sobaek Mountains.	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
29DC42C0559A5DFB9D51CD9777AF8DE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285147	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure2	Figure 2. Typical habitats of the new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. A Qingfengling (type locality of P. chaoyang sp. nov.) B Longfengdong (type locality of P. hebei sp. nov.) C Longtan Grand Canyon (type locality of P. huludao sp. nov.) D Beiputuoshan (type locality of P. jinzhou sp. nov.) E Daheishan (type locality of P. liaoning sp. nov.) F Bingtangyu (type locality of P. qin sp. nov.).	Figure 2. Typical habitats of the new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. A Qingfengling (type locality of P. chaoyang sp. nov.) B Longfengdong (type locality of P. hebei sp. nov.) C Longtan Grand Canyon (type locality of P. huludao sp. nov.) D Beiputuoshan (type locality of P. jinzhou sp. nov.) E Daheishan (type locality of P. liaoning sp. nov.) F Bingtangyu (type locality of P. qin sp. nov.).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
B26D19C2B6205CDB9EA28BBC4932ADDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285150	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure5	Figure 5. Pholcus hebei sp. nov., holotype male. A, B Palp (A prolateral view, arrow points at prolatero-ventral protrusion B retrolateral view, arrow points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at bifurcated apophysis, arrow 2 points at distal membranous lamella, arrow 3 points at distal apophysis, arrows 4–7 point at dorsal spines D dorsal view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B); 0.10 mm (C, D).	Figure 5. Pholcus hebei sp. nov., holotype male. A, B Palp (A prolateral view, arrow points at prolatero-ventral protrusion B retrolateral view, arrow points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at bifurcated apophysis, arrow 2 points at distal membranous lamella, arrow 3 points at distal apophysis, arrows 4–7 point at dorsal spines D dorsal view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B); 0.10 mm (C, D).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
B26D19C2B6205CDB9EA28BBC4932ADDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285151	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure6	Figure 6. Pholcus hebei sp. nov., holotype (D – F) and paratype (C) males, paratype female (A, B, G, H). A Epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C bulbal apophyses, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, fa = frontal apophysis, kn = knob, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A – D); 1.00 mm (E – H).	Figure 6. Pholcus hebei sp. nov., holotype (D – F) and paratype (C) males, paratype female (A, B, G, H). A Epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C bulbal apophyses, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, fa = frontal apophysis, kn = knob, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A – D); 1.00 mm (E – H).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
B26D19C2B6205CDB9EA28BBC4932ADDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285153	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure8	Figure 8. Pholcus huludao sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H). A Epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C bulbal apophyses, prolateral view, arrow 1 points at dorso-median protrusion, arrow 2 points at “ pseudo-appendix ” D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, fa = frontal apophysis, kn = knob, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A – D); 1.00 mm (E – H).	Figure 8. Pholcus huludao sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H). A Epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C bulbal apophyses, prolateral view, arrow 1 points at dorso-median protrusion, arrow 2 points at “ pseudo-appendix ” D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, fa = frontal apophysis, kn = knob, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A – D); 1.00 mm (E – H).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
B26D19C2B6205CDB9EA28BBC4932ADDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285145	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure1	Figure 1. Distribution records of new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. 1. P. chaoyang sp. nov. 2. P. hebei sp. nov. 3. P. huludao sp. nov. 4. P. jinzhou sp. nov. 5. P. liaoning sp. nov. 6. P. qin sp. nov. Red shading from left to right in the insert indicates the Lüliang Mountains, the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains, the Changbai Mountains, and the Taebaek-Sobaek Mountains.	Figure 1. Distribution records of new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. 1. P. chaoyang sp. nov. 2. P. hebei sp. nov. 3. P. huludao sp. nov. 4. P. jinzhou sp. nov. 5. P. liaoning sp. nov. 6. P. qin sp. nov. Red shading from left to right in the insert indicates the Lüliang Mountains, the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains, the Changbai Mountains, and the Taebaek-Sobaek Mountains.	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
B26D19C2B6205CDB9EA28BBC4932ADDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285147	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure2	Figure 2. Typical habitats of the new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. A Qingfengling (type locality of P. chaoyang sp. nov.) B Longfengdong (type locality of P. hebei sp. nov.) C Longtan Grand Canyon (type locality of P. huludao sp. nov.) D Beiputuoshan (type locality of P. jinzhou sp. nov.) E Daheishan (type locality of P. liaoning sp. nov.) F Bingtangyu (type locality of P. qin sp. nov.).	Figure 2. Typical habitats of the new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. A Qingfengling (type locality of P. chaoyang sp. nov.) B Longfengdong (type locality of P. hebei sp. nov.) C Longtan Grand Canyon (type locality of P. huludao sp. nov.) D Beiputuoshan (type locality of P. jinzhou sp. nov.) E Daheishan (type locality of P. liaoning sp. nov.) F Bingtangyu (type locality of P. qin sp. nov.).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
34B997494B0157BAAFF6E97242016F16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285152	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure7	Figure 7. Pholcus huludao sp. nov., holotype male. A, B Palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at pointed sclerotized apophysis, arrow 2 points at ventro-distal membranous lamella, arrow 3 points at dorso-distal membranous lamella D dorsal view, arrow points at dorsal spine). Abbreviations: b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B); 0.10 mm (C, D).	Figure 7. Pholcus huludao sp. nov., holotype male. A, B Palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at pointed sclerotized apophysis, arrow 2 points at ventro-distal membranous lamella, arrow 3 points at dorso-distal membranous lamella D dorsal view, arrow points at dorsal spine). Abbreviations: b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B); 0.10 mm (C, D).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
34B997494B0157BAAFF6E97242016F16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285153	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure8	Figure 8. Pholcus huludao sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H). A Epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C bulbal apophyses, prolateral view, arrow 1 points at dorso-median protrusion, arrow 2 points at “ pseudo-appendix ” D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, fa = frontal apophysis, kn = knob, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A – D); 1.00 mm (E – H).	Figure 8. Pholcus huludao sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H). A Epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C bulbal apophyses, prolateral view, arrow 1 points at dorso-median protrusion, arrow 2 points at “ pseudo-appendix ” D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, fa = frontal apophysis, kn = knob, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A – D); 1.00 mm (E – H).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
34B997494B0157BAAFF6E97242016F16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285145	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure1	Figure 1. Distribution records of new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. 1. P. chaoyang sp. nov. 2. P. hebei sp. nov. 3. P. huludao sp. nov. 4. P. jinzhou sp. nov. 5. P. liaoning sp. nov. 6. P. qin sp. nov. Red shading from left to right in the insert indicates the Lüliang Mountains, the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains, the Changbai Mountains, and the Taebaek-Sobaek Mountains.	Figure 1. Distribution records of new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. 1. P. chaoyang sp. nov. 2. P. hebei sp. nov. 3. P. huludao sp. nov. 4. P. jinzhou sp. nov. 5. P. liaoning sp. nov. 6. P. qin sp. nov. Red shading from left to right in the insert indicates the Lüliang Mountains, the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains, the Changbai Mountains, and the Taebaek-Sobaek Mountains.	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
34B997494B0157BAAFF6E97242016F16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285147	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure2	Figure 2. Typical habitats of the new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. A Qingfengling (type locality of P. chaoyang sp. nov.) B Longfengdong (type locality of P. hebei sp. nov.) C Longtan Grand Canyon (type locality of P. huludao sp. nov.) D Beiputuoshan (type locality of P. jinzhou sp. nov.) E Daheishan (type locality of P. liaoning sp. nov.) F Bingtangyu (type locality of P. qin sp. nov.).	Figure 2. Typical habitats of the new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. A Qingfengling (type locality of P. chaoyang sp. nov.) B Longfengdong (type locality of P. hebei sp. nov.) C Longtan Grand Canyon (type locality of P. huludao sp. nov.) D Beiputuoshan (type locality of P. jinzhou sp. nov.) E Daheishan (type locality of P. liaoning sp. nov.) F Bingtangyu (type locality of P. qin sp. nov.).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
62C243BB7FC1511EBD1AD79E8BAB2CC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285154	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure9	Figure 9. Pholcus jinzhou sp. nov., holotype male. A, B Palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at curved apophysis, arrow 2 points at membranous process, arrow 3 points at comb-like sclerotized apophysis, arrow 4 points at ventro-distal apophysis, arrow 5 points at dorso-distal apophysis D dorsal view, arrows point at dorsal spines). Abbreviations: b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B); 0.10 mm (C, D).	Figure 9. Pholcus jinzhou sp. nov., holotype male. A, B Palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at curved apophysis, arrow 2 points at membranous process, arrow 3 points at comb-like sclerotized apophysis, arrow 4 points at ventro-distal apophysis, arrow 5 points at dorso-distal apophysis D dorsal view, arrows point at dorsal spines). Abbreviations: b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B); 0.10 mm (C, D).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
62C243BB7FC1511EBD1AD79E8BAB2CC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285155	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure10	Figure 10. Pholcus jinzhou sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H). A Epigyne, ventral view, arrow points at lateral protrusion B vulva, dorsal view C bulbal apophyses, prolateral view, arrow 1 points at retrolatero-proximal apophysis, arrow 2 points at “ pseudo-appendix ” D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, fa = frontal apophysis, kn = knob, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A – D); 1.00 mm (E – H).	Figure 10. Pholcus jinzhou sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H). A Epigyne, ventral view, arrow points at lateral protrusion B vulva, dorsal view C bulbal apophyses, prolateral view, arrow 1 points at retrolatero-proximal apophysis, arrow 2 points at “ pseudo-appendix ” D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, fa = frontal apophysis, kn = knob, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A – D); 1.00 mm (E – H).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
62C243BB7FC1511EBD1AD79E8BAB2CC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285145	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure1	Figure 1. Distribution records of new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. 1. P. chaoyang sp. nov. 2. P. hebei sp. nov. 3. P. huludao sp. nov. 4. P. jinzhou sp. nov. 5. P. liaoning sp. nov. 6. P. qin sp. nov. Red shading from left to right in the insert indicates the Lüliang Mountains, the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains, the Changbai Mountains, and the Taebaek-Sobaek Mountains.	Figure 1. Distribution records of new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. 1. P. chaoyang sp. nov. 2. P. hebei sp. nov. 3. P. huludao sp. nov. 4. P. jinzhou sp. nov. 5. P. liaoning sp. nov. 6. P. qin sp. nov. Red shading from left to right in the insert indicates the Lüliang Mountains, the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains, the Changbai Mountains, and the Taebaek-Sobaek Mountains.	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
62C243BB7FC1511EBD1AD79E8BAB2CC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285147	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure2	Figure 2. Typical habitats of the new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. A Qingfengling (type locality of P. chaoyang sp. nov.) B Longfengdong (type locality of P. hebei sp. nov.) C Longtan Grand Canyon (type locality of P. huludao sp. nov.) D Beiputuoshan (type locality of P. jinzhou sp. nov.) E Daheishan (type locality of P. liaoning sp. nov.) F Bingtangyu (type locality of P. qin sp. nov.).	Figure 2. Typical habitats of the new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. A Qingfengling (type locality of P. chaoyang sp. nov.) B Longfengdong (type locality of P. hebei sp. nov.) C Longtan Grand Canyon (type locality of P. huludao sp. nov.) D Beiputuoshan (type locality of P. jinzhou sp. nov.) E Daheishan (type locality of P. liaoning sp. nov.) F Bingtangyu (type locality of P. qin sp. nov.).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
7A4D2C6B4A515939A859C150CAA25F6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285156	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure11	Figure 11. Pholcus liaoning sp. nov., holotype male. A, B Palp (A prolateral view, arrow points at prolatero-ventral protrusion B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion, arrow 2 points at “ pseudo-appendix ”) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at pointed apophysis, arrow 2 points at ventro-distal apophysis D dorsal view, arrow 1 points at dorso-distal membranous lamella, arrows 2, 3 point at dorsal spines). Abbreviations: b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B); 0.10 mm (C, D).	Figure 11. Pholcus liaoning sp. nov., holotype male. A, B Palp (A prolateral view, arrow points at prolatero-ventral protrusion B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion, arrow 2 points at “ pseudo-appendix ”) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at pointed apophysis, arrow 2 points at ventro-distal apophysis D dorsal view, arrow 1 points at dorso-distal membranous lamella, arrows 2, 3 point at dorsal spines). Abbreviations: b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B); 0.10 mm (C, D).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
7A4D2C6B4A515939A859C150CAA25F6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285157	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure12	Figure 12. Pholcus liaoning sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H). A Epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C bulbal apophyses, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, fa = frontal apophysis, kn = knob, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A – D); 1.00 mm (E – H).	Figure 12. Pholcus liaoning sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H). A Epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C bulbal apophyses, prolateral view D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, fa = frontal apophysis, kn = knob, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A – D); 1.00 mm (E – H).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
7A4D2C6B4A515939A859C150CAA25F6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285145	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure1	Figure 1. Distribution records of new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. 1. P. chaoyang sp. nov. 2. P. hebei sp. nov. 3. P. huludao sp. nov. 4. P. jinzhou sp. nov. 5. P. liaoning sp. nov. 6. P. qin sp. nov. Red shading from left to right in the insert indicates the Lüliang Mountains, the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains, the Changbai Mountains, and the Taebaek-Sobaek Mountains.	Figure 1. Distribution records of new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. 1. P. chaoyang sp. nov. 2. P. hebei sp. nov. 3. P. huludao sp. nov. 4. P. jinzhou sp. nov. 5. P. liaoning sp. nov. 6. P. qin sp. nov. Red shading from left to right in the insert indicates the Lüliang Mountains, the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains, the Changbai Mountains, and the Taebaek-Sobaek Mountains.	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
7A4D2C6B4A515939A859C150CAA25F6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285147	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure2	Figure 2. Typical habitats of the new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. A Qingfengling (type locality of P. chaoyang sp. nov.) B Longfengdong (type locality of P. hebei sp. nov.) C Longtan Grand Canyon (type locality of P. huludao sp. nov.) D Beiputuoshan (type locality of P. jinzhou sp. nov.) E Daheishan (type locality of P. liaoning sp. nov.) F Bingtangyu (type locality of P. qin sp. nov.).	Figure 2. Typical habitats of the new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. A Qingfengling (type locality of P. chaoyang sp. nov.) B Longfengdong (type locality of P. hebei sp. nov.) C Longtan Grand Canyon (type locality of P. huludao sp. nov.) D Beiputuoshan (type locality of P. jinzhou sp. nov.) E Daheishan (type locality of P. liaoning sp. nov.) F Bingtangyu (type locality of P. qin sp. nov.).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
4CA994D406455C9BA56482DDC08F1377.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285158	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure13	Figure 13. Pholcus qin sp. nov., holotype male. A, B Palp (A prolateral view, arrow points at prolatero-ventral protrusion B retrolateral view, arrow points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow points at spine-shaped apophysis D dorsal view, arrow points at dorsal spines). Abbreviations: b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B); 0.10 mm (C, D).	Figure 13. Pholcus qin sp. nov., holotype male. A, B Palp (A prolateral view, arrow points at prolatero-ventral protrusion B retrolateral view, arrow points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow points at spine-shaped apophysis D dorsal view, arrow points at dorsal spines). Abbreviations: b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B); 0.10 mm (C, D).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
4CA994D406455C9BA56482DDC08F1377.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285159	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure14	Figure 14. Pholcus qin sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H). A Epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C bulbal apophyses, prolateral view, arrow 1 points at proximal apophysis, arrows 2, 3 point at distal apophyses, arrow 4 points at “ pseudo-appendix ” D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, fa = frontal apophysis, kn = knob, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A – D); 1.00 mm (E – H).	Figure 14. Pholcus qin sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H). A Epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C bulbal apophyses, prolateral view, arrow 1 points at proximal apophysis, arrows 2, 3 point at distal apophyses, arrow 4 points at “ pseudo-appendix ” D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, fa = frontal apophysis, kn = knob, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A – D); 1.00 mm (E – H).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
4CA994D406455C9BA56482DDC08F1377.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285145	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure1	Figure 1. Distribution records of new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. 1. P. chaoyang sp. nov. 2. P. hebei sp. nov. 3. P. huludao sp. nov. 4. P. jinzhou sp. nov. 5. P. liaoning sp. nov. 6. P. qin sp. nov. Red shading from left to right in the insert indicates the Lüliang Mountains, the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains, the Changbai Mountains, and the Taebaek-Sobaek Mountains.	Figure 1. Distribution records of new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. 1. P. chaoyang sp. nov. 2. P. hebei sp. nov. 3. P. huludao sp. nov. 4. P. jinzhou sp. nov. 5. P. liaoning sp. nov. 6. P. qin sp. nov. Red shading from left to right in the insert indicates the Lüliang Mountains, the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains, the Changbai Mountains, and the Taebaek-Sobaek Mountains.	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
4CA994D406455C9BA56482DDC08F1377.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1285147	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622.figure2	Figure 2. Typical habitats of the new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. A Qingfengling (type locality of P. chaoyang sp. nov.) B Longfengdong (type locality of P. hebei sp. nov.) C Longtan Grand Canyon (type locality of P. huludao sp. nov.) D Beiputuoshan (type locality of P. jinzhou sp. nov.) E Daheishan (type locality of P. liaoning sp. nov.) F Bingtangyu (type locality of P. qin sp. nov.).	Figure 2. Typical habitats of the new species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group. A Qingfengling (type locality of P. chaoyang sp. nov.) B Longfengdong (type locality of P. hebei sp. nov.) C Longtan Grand Canyon (type locality of P. huludao sp. nov.) D Beiputuoshan (type locality of P. jinzhou sp. nov.) E Daheishan (type locality of P. liaoning sp. nov.) F Bingtangyu (type locality of P. qin sp. nov.).	2025-03-19	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan			
