identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
29DC42C0559A5DFB9D51CD9777AF8DE1.text	29DC42C0559A5DFB9D51CD9777AF8DE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pholcus chaoyang S. Li & Yao 2025	<div><p>Pholcus chaoyang S. Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂; Liaoning, Chaoyang, Chaoyang County, Qingfengling Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.1904&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1867" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.1904/lat 41.1867)">Qingfengling Scenic Spot</a>; 41.186698°N, 120.190401°E; alt. 486 m; 17 Jul. 2024; Z. Yao, J. Li &amp; M. Yan leg.; SYNU -Ar 00415 . Paratypes: China • 1 ♂; same data as for the holotype; SYNU -Ar 00416 • 2 ♀; same data as for the holotype; SYNU -Ar 00417 –18 .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the type locality; noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species resembles Pholcus huailai Yao, Li &amp; Lu, 2022 (Lu et al. 2022: 534, S 18, figs S 17 A – D, S 18 A – H) by having a similar uncus (Fig. 4 C) and male chelicerae (Fig. 4 D), but it can be distinguished by the: procursus with a raised, prolatero-subdistal membranous edge (arrow 1 in Fig. 3 C vs. absent), the straight distal edge of the sclerotized distal apophysis on the procursus (arrow 1 in Fig. 3 D vs. curved), epigynal knob column shaped (kn in Fig. 4 A vs. wedge shaped), vulval anterior arch curved (aa in Fig. 4 B vs. nearly trapezoidal).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 4.95 (5.14 with clypeus), carapace 1.55 long, 1.88 wide, opisthosoma 3.40 long, 1.60 wide. Leg I: 36.07 (9.29, 0.76, 9.10, 14.62, 2.30), leg II: 25.27 (7.12, 0.72, 6.35, 9.55, 1.53), leg III: 18.79 (5.45, 0.67, 4.55, 6.99, 1.13), leg IV: 24.69 (7.24, 0.68, 6.22, 9.10, 1.45); tibia I L / d: 55. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.21, PME 0.14, PME – ALE 0.04, AME – AME 0.04, AME 0.09. Sternum width / length: 1.19 / 0.98. Habitus as in Fig. 4 E, F. Carapace yellowish, with brown radiating marks and marginal brown bands; ocular area yellowish, with median and lateral brown bands; clypeus yellowish, with brown marks; sternum brown. Legs yellowish, dark brown on patellae and whitish on distal parts of femora and tibiae, with darker rings on subdistal parts of femora and proximal and subdistal parts of tibiae. Opisthosoma yellowish, with dorsal and lateral brown spots. Chelicerae with pair of proximo-lateral apophyses (pa in Fig. 4 D), pair of distal apophyses (da in Fig. 4 D) with two teeth each, and pair of frontal apophyses (fa in Fig. 4 D). Palps as in Fig. 3 A, B; trochanter with long (3 × longer than wide), retrolaterally bulged ventral apophysis; femur with retrolatero-proximal protrusion (arrow in Fig. 3 B) and indistinct ventral protrusion; tibia with prolatero-ventral protrusion (arrow in Fig. 3 A); procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with raised, prolatero-subdistal membranous edge bearing sclerotized apophysis (arrows 1, 2 in Fig. 3 C), sclerotized distal apophysis (arrow 3 in Fig. 3 C), and one slender and one strong dorsal spines (arrows 2, 3 in Fig. 3 D); uncus with scaly edge (u in Fig. 4 C); “ pseudo-appendix ” curved (arrow in Fig. 4 C); embolus weakly sclerotized, with transparent distal projections (e in Fig. 4 C). Retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia I at 6 % proximally; legs with short, vertical setae on tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi; tarsus I with 31 distinct pseudosegments.</p><p>Female (paratype, SYNU -Ar 00417): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 4 G, H. Total length 5.12 (5.26 with clypeus), carapace 1.44 long, 1.66 wide, opisthosoma 3.68 long, 2.08 wide; tibia I: 7.18; tibia I L / d: 48. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.23, PME 0.12, PME – ALE 0.05, AME – AME 0.04, AME 0.08. Sternum width / length: 1.05 / 0.94. Clypeus brown. Epigyne posteriorly strongly curved, with lateral brown marks and knob (kn in Fig. 4 A). Vulva with curved, sclerotized anterior arch (aa in Fig. 4 B) and pair of nearly elliptical pore plates (pp in Fig. 4 B).</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Tibia I in paratype male (SYNU -Ar 00416): 9.23. Tibia I in another paratype female (SYNU -Ar 00418): 7.24.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Underside of overhang on rocky cliffs in mountainous area.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Liaoning; known only from the type locality (Figs 1, 2 A).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/29DC42C0559A5DFB9D51CD9777AF8DE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Li, Jinglin, He, Qiaoqiao, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2025): Filling a zoogeographical gap in China: Taxonomic descriptions of six new spider species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group (Araneae, Pholcidae). ZooKeys 1232: 285-310, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622
B26D19C2B6205CDB9EA28BBC4932ADDC.text	B26D19C2B6205CDB9EA28BBC4932ADDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pholcus hebei S. Li & Yao 2025	<div><p>Pholcus hebei S. Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5, 6</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂; Hebei, Chengde, Longhua County, Zhongguan Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.988976&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.186398" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.988976/lat 41.186398)">Longfengdong Scenic Spot</a>; 41.186398°N, 117.988977°E; alt. 496 m; 19 Jul. 2024; Z. Yao, J. Li &amp; M. Yan leg.; SYNU -Ar 00419 . Paratypes: China • 1 ♂; same data as for the holotype; SYNU -Ar 00420 • 2 ♀; same data as for the holotype; SYNU -Ar 00421 –22 .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the type locality; noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species resembles Pholcus zhuolu Zhang &amp; Zhu, 2009 (Zhang and Zhu 2009: 108, figs 64 A – I, 65 A – L, Yao and Li 2012: 43, figs 225 A – D, 226 A – C) by having a similar uncus (Fig. 6 C) and male chelicerae (Fig. 6 D), but it can be distinguished by the: procursus with a bifurcated prolatero-subdistal apophysis (arrow 1 in Fig. 5 C vs. not bifurcated), the large distal membranous lamella (arrow 2 in Fig. 5 C vs. indistinct), epigynal plate anteriorly straight (Fig. 6 A vs. strongly curved), vulval pore plates long, 4 × longer than wide (pp in Fig. 6 B vs. 2 ×).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 5.37 (5.67 with clypeus), carapace 1.52 long, 1.83 wide, opisthosoma 3.85 long, 1.80 wide. Leg I: 43.25 (10.96, 0.75, 11.03, 17.88, 2.63), leg II: 29.18 (8.01, 0.72, 7.31, 11.41, 1.73), leg III: 20.24 (5.83, 0.69, 4.81, 7.63, 1.28), leg IV: 26.48 (7.56, 0.71, 6.41, 10.26, 1.54); tibia I L / d: 74. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.24, PME 0.16, PME – ALE 0.04, AME – AME 0.05, AME 0.09. Sternum width / length: 1.25 / 1.03. Habitus as in Fig. 6 E, F. Carapace yellowish, with brown radiating marks and marginal brown bands; ocular area yellowish, with median and lateral brown bands; clypeus and sternum yellowish, with brown marks. Legs yellowish, dark brown on patellae and whitish on distal parts of femora and tibiae, with darker rings on subdistal parts of femora and proximal and subdistal parts of tibiae. Opisthosoma yellowish, with dorsal and lateral brown spots. Chelicerae with pair of proximo-lateral apophyses (pa in Fig. 6 D), pair of distal apophyses (da in Fig. 6 D) with two teeth each, and pair of frontal apophyses (fa in Fig. 6 D). Palps as in Fig. 5 A, B; trochanter with long (4 × longer than wide), retrolaterally strongly bulged ventral apophysis; femur with retrolatero-proximal protrusion (arrow in Fig. 5 B) and indistinct ventral protrusion; tibia with prolatero-ventral protrusion (arrow in Fig. 5 A); procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with raised prolatero-subdistal edge bearing bifurcated apophysis (arrow 1 in Fig. 5 C), distal membranous lamella (arrow 2 in Fig. 5 C), distal apophysis (arrow 3 in Fig. 5 C), and one slender and three strong dorsal spines (arrows 4–7 in Fig. 5 C); uncus nearly elliptical, with scales (u in Fig. 6 C); “ pseudo-appendix ” semi-transparent (not visible in Fig. 6 C; cf. Fig. 8 C); embolus weakly sclerotized, with transparent distal projections (e in Fig. 6 C). Retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia I at 5 % proximally; legs with short, vertical setae on tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi; tarsus I with 36 distinct pseudosegments.</p><p>Female (paratype, SYNU -Ar 00421): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 6 G, H. Total length 4.83 (5.01 with clypeus), carapace 1.48 long, 1.70 wide, opisthosoma 3.35 long, 1.84 wide; tibia I: 8.01; tibia I L / d: 53. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.20, PME 0.13, PME – ALE 0.05, AME – AME 0.04, AME 0.08. Sternum width / length: 1.16 / 0.91. Clypeus brown. Epigyne posteriorly straight, with lateral and median brown marks and knob (kn in Fig. 6 A). Vulva with curved, sclerotized anterior arch (aa in Fig. 6 B) and pair of long, elliptical pore plates (4 × longer than wide, pp in Fig. 6 B).</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Tibia I in paratype male (SYNU -Ar 00420): 11.54. Tibia I in another paratype female (SYNU -Ar 00422): 7.56.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Underside of overhang on rocky cliffs in mountainous area.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Hebei; known only from the type locality (Figs 1, 2 B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B26D19C2B6205CDB9EA28BBC4932ADDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Li, Jinglin, He, Qiaoqiao, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2025): Filling a zoogeographical gap in China: Taxonomic descriptions of six new spider species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group (Araneae, Pholcidae). ZooKeys 1232: 285-310, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622
34B997494B0157BAAFF6E97242016F16.text	34B997494B0157BAAFF6E97242016F16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pholcus huludao S. Li & Yao 2025	<div><p>Pholcus huludao S. Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 7, 8</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂; Liaoning, Huludao, Jianchang County, Laodazhangzi Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.34999&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.554405" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.34999/lat 40.554405)">Longtan Grand Canyon Scenic Spot</a>; 40.554405°N, 119.349993°E; alt. 504 m; 21 Jul. 2024; Z. Yao, J. Li &amp; M. Yan leg.; SYNU -Ar 00423 . Paratypes: China • 1 ♂; same data as for the holotype; SYNU -Ar 00424 • 2 ♀; same data as for the holotype; SYNU -Ar 00425 –26 .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the type locality; noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species resembles known congeners from the Lüliang Mountains (e. g., Pholcus wenshui Zhao, Li &amp; Yao, 2023, P. jiaocheng Zhao, Li &amp; Yao, 2023, P. luliang Zhao, Li &amp; Yao, 2023, P. zhongyang Zhao, Li &amp; Yao, 2023; Zhao et al. 2023 b: 7, figs 2 B, 4 C, D, 10 C, D, 12 C, D, 18 C, D) by having similar male chelicerae (Fig. 8 D) and a curved uncus (Fig. 8 C), but it can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: ventro-distal membranous lamella of procursus distally blunt and strongly curved (arrow 2 in Fig. 7 C vs. distally pointed and straight), dorso-distal membranous lamella of procursus strongly curved (arrow 3 in Fig. 7 C vs. straight), uncus proximally wide and distally narrow, and dorso-medially strongly protruding (arrow 1 in Fig. 8 C vs. wide and pointed, not protruding), epigyne posteriorly slightly curved (Fig. 8 A vs. strongly curved), vulval pore plates nearly semi-circular (pp in Fig. 8 B vs. elliptical).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 4.68 (4.80 with clypeus), carapace 1.44 long, 1.72 wide, opisthosoma 3.24 long, 1.27 wide. Leg I: 39.99 (9.94, 0.75, 10.13, 16.67, 2.50), leg II: 27.14 (7.45, 0.67, 6.73, 10.64, 1.65), leg III: 18.98 (5.58, 0.64, 4.62, 7.05, 1.09), leg IV: 25.51 (7.40, 0.66, 6.35, 9.62, 1.48); tibia I L / d: 68. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.23, PME 0.15, PME – ALE 0.04, AME – AME 0.05, AME 0.10. Sternum width / length: 1.17 / 0.98. Habitus as in Fig. 8 E, F. Carapace yellowish, with brown radiating marks and marginal brown bands; ocular area yellowish, with median and lateral brown bands; clypeus brown; sternum yellowish, with brown marks. Legs yellowish, dark brown on patellae and whitish on distal parts of femora and tibiae, with darker rings on subdistal parts of femora and proximal and subdistal parts of tibiae. Opisthosoma yellowish, with dorsal and lateral brown spots. Chelicerae with pair of proximo-lateral apophyses (pa in Fig. 8 D), pair of distal apophyses (da in Fig. 8 D) with two teeth each, and pair of frontal apophyses (fa in Fig. 8 D). Palps as in Fig. 7 A, B; trochanter with long (4 × longer than wide), retrolaterally bulged ventral apophysis; femur with retrolatero-proximal protrusion (arrow in Fig. 7 B) and distinct ventral protrusion; tibia with prolatero-ventral protrusion; procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with raised, prolatero-subdistal membranous edge bearing pointed, sclerotized apophysis (arrow 1 in Fig. 7 C), curved, ventro-distal membranous lamella (arrow 2 in Fig. 7 C), curved, dorso-distal membranous lamella (arrow 3 in Fig. 7 C), and one slender dorsal spine (arrow in Fig. 7 D); uncus curved, proximally wide and distally narrow, with scales (u in Fig. 8 C); “ pseudo-appendix ” semi-transparent (arrow 2 in Fig. 8 C); embolus weakly sclerotized, with transparent distal projections (e in Fig. 8 C). Retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia I at 2 % proximally; legs with short, vertical setae on tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi; tarsus I with 30 distinct pseudosegments.</p><p>Female (paratype, SYNU -Ar 00425): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 8 G, H. Total length 5.13 (5.26 with clypeus), carapace 1.53 long, 1.95 wide, opisthosoma 3.60 long, 1.60 wide; tibia I: 8.78; tibia I L / d: 59. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.21, PME 0.14, PME – ALE 0.05, AME – AME 0.05, AME 0.10. Sternum width / length: 1.11 / 0.97. Epigyne posteriorly slightly curved, with lateral brown marks and knob (kn in Fig. 8 A). Vulva with curved, sclerotized anterior arch (aa in Fig. 8 B) and pair of nearly semi-circular pore plates (pp in Fig. 8 B).</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Tibia I in paratype male (SYNU -Ar 00424): 9.80. Tibia I in another paratype female (SYNU -Ar 00426): 9.25.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Underside of overhang on rocky cliffs in mountainous area.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Liaoning; known only from the type locality (Figs 1, 2 C).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/34B997494B0157BAAFF6E97242016F16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Li, Jinglin, He, Qiaoqiao, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2025): Filling a zoogeographical gap in China: Taxonomic descriptions of six new spider species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group (Araneae, Pholcidae). ZooKeys 1232: 285-310, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622
62C243BB7FC1511EBD1AD79E8BAB2CC1.text	62C243BB7FC1511EBD1AD79E8BAB2CC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pholcus jinzhou S. Li & Yao 2025	<div><p>Pholcus jinzhou S. Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 9, 10</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂; Liaoning, Jinzhou, Guta District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.0426&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.17315" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.0426/lat 41.17315)">Beiputuoshan Scenic Spot</a>; 41.173150°N, 121.042606°E; alt. 163 m; 15 Jul. 2024; Z. Yao, J. Li &amp; M. Yan leg.; SYNU -Ar 00427 . Paratypes: China • 2 ♂; same data as for the holotype; SYNU -Ar 00428 –29 • 3 ♀; same data as for the holotype; SYNU -Ar 00430 –32 .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the type locality; noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species can be easily distinguished from all known congeners in the Pholcus phungiformes species group by the following combination of characters: procursus with curved prolatero-subdistal apophysis (arrow 1 in Fig. 9 C vs. absent) and comb-like, sclerotized prolatero-distal apophysis (arrow 3 in Fig. 9 C vs. absent), proximal apophysis of uncus on retrolateral part of uncus (arrow 1 in Fig. 10 C vs. same plane or absent), epigyne with pair of lateral protrusions anterior to epigynal plate (arrow in Fig. 10 A vs. absent).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 5.78 (6.01 with clypeus), carapace 1.73 long, 1.95 wide, opisthosoma 4.05 long, 1.93 wide. Leg I: 43.34 (11.09, 0.78, 11.54, 17.56, 2.37), leg II: 30.61 (8.27, 0.83, 7.82, 12.05, 1.64), leg III: 21.87 (6.35, 0.73, 5.32, 8.21, 1.26), leg IV: 28.41 (8.08, 0.73, 7.24, 10.77, 1.59); tibia I L / d: 68. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.28, PME 0.16, PME – ALE 0.03, AME – AME 0.05, AME 0.11. Sternum width / length: 1.30 / 0.94. Habitus as in Fig. 10 E, F. Carapace brown, with brown radiating marks and marginal brown bands; ocular area yellowish, with median and lateral brown bands; clypeus and sternum brown. Legs yellowish, dark brown on patellae and whitish on distal parts of femora and tibiae, with darker rings on subdistal parts of femora and proximal and subdistal parts of tibiae. Opisthosoma yellowish, with dorsal and lateral brown spots. Chelicerae with pair of proximo-lateral apophyses (pa in Fig. 10 D), pair of distal apophyses (da in Fig. 10 D) with two teeth each, and pair of frontal apophyses (fa in Fig. 10 D). Palps as in Fig. 9 A, B; trochanter with long (6 × longer than wide), retrolaterally strongly bulged ventral apophysis; femur with retrolatero-proximal protrusion (arrow in Fig. 9 B) and distinct ventral protrusion; tibia with prolatero-ventral protrusion; procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with raised prolatero-subdistal edge bearing curved apophysis (arrow 1 in Fig. 9 C), membranous process (arrow 2 in Fig. 9 C) and comb-like sclerotized apophysis (arrow 3 in Fig. 9 C), ventro-distal apophysis (arrow 4 in Fig. 9 C), dorso-distal apophysis (arrow 5 in Fig. 9 C), and two slender dorsal spines (arrows in Fig. 9 D); uncus with distinct retrolatero-proximal apophysis (arrow 1 in Fig. 10 C) and scaly edge; “ pseudo-appendix ” curved, distally sclerotized (arrow 2 in Fig. 10 C); embolus weakly sclerotized, with transparent distal projections (e in Fig. 10 C). Retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia I at 3 % proximally; legs with short, vertical setae on tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi; tarsus I with 35 distinct pseudosegments.</p><p>Female (paratype, SYNU -Ar 00430): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 10 G, H. Total length 5.56 (5.80 with clypeus), carapace 1.66 long, 2.05 wide, opisthosoma 3.90 long, 1.70 wide; tibia I: 9.94; tibia I L / d: 55. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.25, PME 0.15, PME – ALE 0.05, AME – AME 0.05, AME 0.09. Sternum width / length: 1.24 / 1.12. Epigyne posteriorly curved, with lateral brown marks, knob (kn in Fig. 10 A), and pair of lateral protrusions anterior to epigynal plate (arrow in Fig. 10 A). Vulva with curved, sclerotized anterior arch (aa in Fig. 10 B) and pair of long, elliptical pore plates (3 × longer than wide, pp in Fig. 10 B).</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Tibia I in two paratype males (SYNU -Ar 00428 –29): 11.15, 11.54. Tibia I in the other two paratype females (SYNU -Ar 00431 –32): 9.36, 9.42.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Underside of overhang on rocky cliffs in mountainous area.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Liaoning; known only from the type locality (Figs 1, 2 D).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/62C243BB7FC1511EBD1AD79E8BAB2CC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Li, Jinglin, He, Qiaoqiao, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2025): Filling a zoogeographical gap in China: Taxonomic descriptions of six new spider species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group (Araneae, Pholcidae). ZooKeys 1232: 285-310, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622
7A4D2C6B4A515939A859C150CAA25F6B.text	7A4D2C6B4A515939A859C150CAA25F6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pholcus liaoning S. Li & Yao 2025	<div><p>Pholcus liaoning S. Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 11, 12</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂; Liaoning, Chaoyang, Beipiao, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.484055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.006996" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.484055/lat 42.006996)">Daheishan Scenic Spot</a>; 42.006997°N, 120.484051°E; alt. 609 m; 16 Jul. 2024; Z. Yao, J. Li &amp; M. Yan leg.; SYNU -Ar 00433 . Paratypes: China • 1 ♂; same data as for the holotype; SYNU -Ar 00434 • 2 ♀; same data as for the holotype; SYNU -Ar 00435 –36 .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the type locality; noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species resembles Pholcus wangjiang Yao &amp; Li, 2021 (Yao et al. 2021: S 22, figs 2 B. 20, S 21 A – D, S 22 A – H) by having a similar uncus (Fig. 12 C) and male chelicerae (Fig. 12 D), but it can be distinguished by the: procursus with a ventro-distal apophysis (arrow 2 in Fig. 11 C vs. absent) and nearly semi-circular, dorso-distal membranous lamella (arrow 1 in Fig. 11 D vs. absent), epigynal plate without brown marks (Fig. 12 A vs. with distinct lateral brown marks), vulval pore plates quadrilateral (pp in Fig. 12 B vs. elliptical).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 4.37 (4.49 with clypeus), carapace 1.34 long, 1.50 wide, opisthosoma 3.03 long, 1.41 wide. Leg I: 37.15 (9.36, 0.70, 9.49, 15.32, 2.28), leg II: 25.89 (7.12, 0.67, 6.47, 10.13, 1.50), leg III: 18.46 (5.38, 0.63, 4.49, 6.79, 1.17), leg IV: 24.22 (6.99, 0.63, 6.20, 9.04, 1.36); tibia I L / d: 67. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.21, PME 0.14, PME – ALE 0.04, AME – AME 0.06, AME 0.08. Sternum width / length: 1.04 / 0.86. Habitus as in Fig. 12 E, F. Carapace yellowish, with brown radiating marks and marginal brown bands; ocular area yellowish, with median and lateral brown bands; clypeus and sternum yellowish, with brown marks. Legs yellowish, dark brown on patellae and whitish on distal parts of femora and tibiae, with darker rings on subdistal parts of femora and proximal and subdistal parts of tibiae. Opisthosoma yellowish, with dorsal and lateral brown spots. Chelicerae with pair of proximo-lateral apophyses (pa in Fig. 12 D), pair of distal apophyses (da in Fig. 12 D) with two teeth each, and pair of frontal apophyses (fa in Fig. 12 D). Palps as in Fig. 11 A, B; trochanter with retrolaterally strongly bulged ventral apophysis; femur with retrolatero-proximal protrusion (arrow 1 in Fig. 11 B) and indistinct ventral protrusion; tibia with prolatero-ventral protrusion (arrow in Fig. 11 A); procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with raised prolatero-subdistal edge bearing pointed apophysis (arrow 1 in Fig. 11 C), ventro-distal apophysis (arrow 2 in Fig. 11 C), dorso-distal membranous lamella (arrow 1 in Fig. 11 D), and two strong dorsal spines (arrows 2, 3 in Fig. 11 D); uncus nearly elliptical, with scales (u in Fig. 12 C); “ pseudo-appendix ” semi-transparent (arrow 2 in Fig. 11 B); embolus weakly sclerotized, with transparent distal projections (e in Fig. 12 C). Retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia I at 5 % proximally; legs with short, vertical setae on tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi; tarsus I with 30 distinct pseudosegments.</p><p>Female (paratype, SYNU -Ar 00435): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 12 G, H. Total length 4.68 (4.81 with clypeus), carapace 1.40 long, 1.52 wide, opisthosoma 3.28 long, 1.86 wide; tibia I: 8.01; tibia I L / d: 57. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.19, PME 0.13, PME – ALE 0.04, AME – AME 0.04, AME 0.08. Sternum width / length: 0.99 / 0.90. Clypeus brown. Epigyne posteriorly slightly curved, with knob (kn in Fig. 12 A). Vulva with ridge-shaped anterior arch (aa in Fig. 12 B) and pair of quadrilateral pore plates (pp in Fig. 12 B).</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Tibia I in paratype male (SYNU -Ar 00434): 8.84. Tibia I in another paratype female (SYNU -Ar 00436): 8.33.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Underside of overhang on rocky cliffs in mountainous area.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Liaoning; known only from the type locality (Figs 1, 2E).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A4D2C6B4A515939A859C150CAA25F6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Li, Jinglin, He, Qiaoqiao, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2025): Filling a zoogeographical gap in China: Taxonomic descriptions of six new spider species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group (Araneae, Pholcidae). ZooKeys 1232: 285-310, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622
4CA994D406455C9BA56482DDC08F1377.text	4CA994D406455C9BA56482DDC08F1377.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pholcus qin S. Li & Yao 2025	<div><p>Pholcus qin S. Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 13, 14</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂; Hebei, Qinhuangdao, Funing District, Daxinzhai Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.35622&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.106113" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.35622/lat 40.106113)">Bingtangyu Scenic Spot</a>; 40.106112°N, 119.356216°E; alt. 250 m; 20 Jul. 2024; Z. Yao, J. Li &amp; M. Yan leg.; SYNU -Ar 00437 . Paratypes: China • 2 ♂; same data as for the holotype; SYNU -Ar 00438 –39 • 3 ♀; same data as for the holotype; SYNU -Ar 00440 –42 .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the type locality (Qin is a short name for Qinhuangdao); noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species resembles Pholcus kuaile Yao, Li &amp; Lu, 2022 (Lu et al. 2022: 534, S 21, figs S 22 A – D, S 23 A – H) by having similar male chelicerae (Fig. 14 D) and a vulval anterior arch (Fig. 14 B), but it can be distinguished by the: procursus without an angular ventral sclerite (Fig. 13 B vs. present) and without a distal membranous process (Fig. 13 C vs. present), uncus with two distal apophyses (arrows 2, 3 in Fig. 14 C vs. one), epigynal plate 3 × longer than wide (Fig. 14 A vs. 8 ×), vulval pore plates widely separated and same size as knob (pp in Fig. 14 B vs. close to each other and 8 × larger than knob).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 4.64 (4.80 with clypeus), carapace 1.28 long, 1.60 wide, opisthosoma 3.36 long, 1.42 wide. Leg I: 40.72 (10.06, 0.75, 10.00, 17.25, 2.66), leg II: 26.95 (7.31, 0.63, 6.47, 10.96, 1.58), leg III: 18.78 (5.32, 0.58, 4.50, 7.25, 1.13), leg IV: 24.34 (6.60, 0.59, 6.09, 9.68, 1.38); tibia I L / d: 77. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.20, PME 0.13, PME – ALE 0.04, AME – AME 0.05, AME 0.08. Sternum width / length: 1.05 / 0.93. Habitus as in Fig. 14 E, F. Carapace yellowish, with brown radiating marks and marginal brown bands; ocular area yellowish, with median and lateral brown bands; clypeus brownish; sternum yellowish, with brown marks. Legs yellowish, dark brown on patellae and whitish on distal parts of femora and tibiae, with darker rings on subdistal parts of femora and proximal and subdistal parts of tibiae. Opisthosoma yellowish, with dorsal and lateral brown spots. Chelicerae with pair of proximo-lateral apophyses (pa in Fig. 14 D), pair of distal apophyses (da in Fig. 14 D) with two teeth each, and pair of frontal apophyses (fa in Fig. 14 D). Palps as in Fig. 13 A, B; trochanter with long (8 × longer than wide), retrolaterally strongly bulged ventral apophysis; femur with retrolatero-proximal protrusion (arrow in Fig. 13 B) and distinct ventral protrusion; tibia with prolatero-ventral protrusion (arrow in Fig. 13 A); procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with raised prolatero-subdistal edge bearing spine-shaped apophysis (arrow in Fig. 13 C), and two strong dorsal spines (arrow in Fig. 13 D); uncus with scales, proximal apophysis (arrow 1 in Fig. 14 C), and two distal apophyses (arrows 2, 3 in Fig. 14 C); “ pseudo-appendix ” semi-transparent (arrow 4 in Fig. 14 C); embolus weakly sclerotized, with transparent distal projections (e in Fig. 14 C). Retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia I at 3 % proximally; legs with short, vertical setae on tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi; tarsus I with 40 distinct pseudosegments.</p><p>Female (paratype, SYNU -Ar 00440): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 14 G, H. Total length 4.71 (4.85 with clypeus), carapace 1.39 long, 1.56 wide, opisthosoma 3.32 long, 1.76 wide; tibia I: 8.15; tibia I L / d: 54. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.18, PME 0.14, PME – ALE 0.04, AME – AME 0.05, AME 0.08. Sternum width / length: 0.96 / 0.90. Clypeus brown. Epigyne posteriorly straight, with knob (kn in Fig. 14 A). Vulva with nearly U-shaped, sclerotized anterior arch (aa in Fig. 14 B) and pair of nearly elliptical pore plates (pp in Fig. 14 B).</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Tibia I in two paratype males (SYNU -Ar 00438 –39): 10.26, 10.64. Tibia I in the other two paratype females (SYNU -Ar 00441 –42): 8.08, 8.33.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Underside of overhang on rocky cliffs in mountainous area.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Hebei; known only from the type locality (Figs 1, 2 F).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4CA994D406455C9BA56482DDC08F1377	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Li, Jinglin, He, Qiaoqiao, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2025): Filling a zoogeographical gap in China: Taxonomic descriptions of six new spider species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group (Araneae, Pholcidae). ZooKeys 1232: 285-310, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622
555E521099835C59B901B52CD6147CE4.text	555E521099835C59B901B52CD6147CE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pholcus Walckenaer 1805	<div><p>Genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Aranea phalangioides Fuesslin, 1775 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/555E521099835C59B901B52CD6147CE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Li, Jinglin;He, Qiaoqiao;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Li, Jinglin, He, Qiaoqiao, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2025): Filling a zoogeographical gap in China: Taxonomic descriptions of six new spider species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group (Araneae, Pholcidae). ZooKeys 1232: 285-310, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.145622
